Lch s pht trin internet

Vo cui nhng nm 60, B Quc Phng M ti tr cho mt nhm sinh vin t nhiu trng i hc v Vin nghin cu ca M tham gia chng trnh nghin cu v mt cch thc truyn thng mi. Kt qu nghin cu l s ra i ca mng ARPA (The Advanced Research Project Agency tn ca t chc ti tr chi ph nghin cu cho chng trnh ny). Sau , mng ny c cc trng i hc cng nhau pht trin tr thnh mt mng chung cho cc trng i hc, gi l ARPAnet ng t ca Internet ngy nay. Ban u, mng ny c cc trng i hc s dng, sau Qun i cng bt u tn dng, v cui cng Chnh ph M quyt nh m rng vic s dng mng cho mc ch thng mi v cng ng. Mng Internet ngy nay tr thnh mt mng lin kt cc mng my tnh ni b v cc my tnh c nhn trn khp ton cu. Cho n ngy nay, mi ngi u cng nhn rng s pht minh ra Internet l mt trong nhng pht minh v i nht ca nhn loi trong th k XX v s pht minh ny c nh hng rt ln n s pht trin kinh t ton cu. S nh hng ca Internet ln nn kinh t th gii, ln cuc sng ca mi ngi trn th gii s cn tip tc trong nhiu nm ti, c bit l cc nc ang v cha pht trin. World Wide Webl mt h thng siu vn bn c th lin kt nhiu loi vn bn nhiu ngun khc nhau. World Wide Web c mt k s ngi Anh l Tim Berners Lee pht minh v hon thin vo nm 1991. Xut pht t nhu cu h thng li nhng ghi chp ln xn ca mnh, nhanh chng tm ra v lin kt c vi nhng ti liu tham kho ti bt c ch no trn mt vn bn, Tim Berners-Lee pht minh ra mt phn mm trn mt giao din vn bn c th to ra cc lin kt vi cc file d liu trong my tnh ca mnh, sau pht trin tnh nng ny c th lin kt vi bt c file d liu no trong cc my tnh trn mng Internet. T ra i khi nim trang Web l mt loi siu vn bn c a ch c th v duy nht, trn trang web c th t cc lin kt ti cc trang web khc mt cch n gin v tin li. Tp hp cc trang web khp ni trn th gii thng qua mng Internet to thnh World Wide Web. World Wide Web nhanh chng pht trin v c th ni n tr thnh linh hn cho mng Internet. Trn web khng nhng chuyn ti c cc vn bn m cn cc thng tin a phng tin khc nh hnh nh, m thanh, phim, v vy chng nhng n mang li mt ngun thng tin khng l m cn mang n rt nhiu ng dng trong i sng ca con ngi nh gii tr (chi tr chi, xem phim, nghe nhc), mua sm, hc tp, kt bn, lm vic,

Dch v knh thu ring Internet A. Khi nim

Knh thu ring Internet (Internet Leased Line) l dch v truy nhp Internet dnh cho cc cng ty hay vn phng c nhu cu s dng Internet bo mt, n nh, tc cao v khng chia s bng thng. Ngoi ra, khch hng cn c cung cp 1 di a ch IP tnh c nh trn mng Internet ton cu.

B. M t
ng truyn knh thu ring c th cung cp mi tc t 256Kbps n 155 Mbps bng cp quang, vi kt ni cng quc t v ti a ti 1Gbps i vi Internet trc tip trong nc vi cam kt tt nht v n nh v tc kt ni.

C. M hnh u ni

D. im mnh ca dch v o Th mnh ca dch v knh thu ring Internet l tnh linh hot, s n nh, kt ni ti mi a im m khch hng yu cu. o Stable transmission line with 99.999% and connect 24/24. E. Li ch khi s dng dch v o Tit kim chi ph: Cc ph hng thng c qun l cht ch, khng cc ph tri. Vic nng cp ln tc cao 155Mbps hay thay i cu hnh h thng s tr nn d dng

hn bi khch hng khng cn phi u t vo thit b mi hay lp t h tng truyn dn mi. o Tin tin trong ng dng: Khi s dng dch v I nternet Leased line CMC Telecom, khch hng s c cung cp cc ti khon email dng tn min ring, 8 - 32 a ch IP tnh phc v cho vic xy dng cc dch v gia tng trn ng truyn nh: WebServer, MailServer, VPN, Video Conferencing, IP Phone CMC Telecom c h thng Firewall v Antivirus ngn chn s tn cng tri php vo h thng ca khch hng v h tr khch hng kt ni cc vn phng mt cch an ton. T , cc cng ngh Mng ring o (VPN), Hi tho t xa (Video Conferencing), in thoi Internet (IP Phone) tr nn d dng v n nh hn. o Tin ch trong s dng: Ngoi vic kt ni Internet ra cng quc t nh cam kt, khch hng c th truy nhp Internet trong nc vi tc cao hn 5 n 10 ln. Li th ny gip cho khch hng c th truy nhp Internet nhanh chng v khng cn n ng truyn ADSL thng thng. o Tnh n nh cao: Ngoi tnh n nh ca tc , tr thp, mng cp quang trin khai n khch hng c ngm ho n 80% gip cho gim thiu cc tc ng ca thi tit v thin tai. F. Cam kt dch v o Cam kt tin thi cng: ti a 21 ngy lm vic k t ngy k hp ng. o Ti a ha tc kt ni: cung cp chnh xc 100% tc bng thng quc t, v trong nc. o tr ping n a ch IP b Ty nc M di 200ms. o kh dng khi gi file thnh cng: 100% gi d liu c gi thnh cng. o H tr k thut 24h mi ngy sut 7 ngy trong tun (24/7). o Cam kt thi gian khc phc s c: h tr ti a ch ca khch hng trong vng 30 pht, thi gian khc phc 120 pht.
Trang nh > A. KHI NIM C BN > 4. H THNG MNG > Kt ni Internet qua ng truyn ADSL v WIMAX

Kt ni Internet qua ng truyn ADSL v WIMAX

Connecting Internet via ADSL and WIMAX Th Ba 24, Thng Su 2008, do Chi Cong Vit Nam cng nh nhiu nc, hin nay kt ni Internet qua ng truyn ADSL thay th phn ln kt ni qua ng in thoi truyn thng

I. ADSL l g?
ADSL l thut ng vit tt t ting Anh "Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line", dch sang ting Vit l ng truyn thu bao s bt i xng, mt dng ca ng truyn s ha bng rng qua dy in thoi (DSL). ADSL c dng ch mt cng ngh cung cp phng thc truyn d liu bng thng rng vi tc cao hn nhiu so vi cng ngh truy cp qua PSTN (mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng) theo phng thc quay s (Dial up).

Kt ni Internet qua ADSL

Kt ni Internet qua ADSL Trong hnh v trn y, bng thng trn ng dy in thoi c tch ra lm 2 phn, 1 phn nh dng cho cc tn hiu "truyn thng" nh Phone, Fax (POTS), phn ln cn li dng cho truyn ti tn hiu ADSL. ngha ca cm t "bt i xng" trong ADSL l do lng d liu ti xung (downstream, download, downlink) v ti ln (upstream, upload, uplink) l khng bng nhau, vi d liu ch yu l ti xung.

Phn chia bng thng ADSL

II. Thng s k thut ADSL
Mt ng ADSL chun d dng t tc ti xung l 8Mbps, trong khi tc truy cp c theo phng thc quay s in thoi ch c th t ti a 56kbps. Thm ch hin nay, vi ng ADSL 2+ do cc ISP (nh cung cp dch v Internet) ti Vit Nam nh SPT, FPT, Netnam, Viettel, VNPT cung cp th tc l thuyt ti xung c th t n 24Mbps. ADSL2 (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line version 2), l phin bn ci tin ca ADSL c chun ha bi ITU nm 2002. Cng ngh ADSL2 nhm vo ci tin k thut iu ch v m ha tng tc ng ti xung thnh12Mbps (so vi 8Mbps ca ADSL) v tc ng ti ln thnh 1Mbps. ADSL2 cng gim thiu giao thoa trn ng truyn dn n tng khong cch truyn ln t 5-10%. ADSL2+, gia nhp h ADSL2 t nm 2003, l s m rng ca cng ngh ADSL2, cho php t tc ng ti xung thnh 24Mbps bng cch tng gp i di tn (t 1.1MHz trong ADSL/ADSL2 ln 2.2MHz). Tc ng ti ln vn c duy tr 1Mbps.

Bng thng ca ADSL2+

III. o tc ng truyn ADSL
Hin nay, c rt nhiu phng php nhn bit tc ng truyn ADSL. Ngoi nhng phng php hin i v phc tp ca gii chuyn mn th c 2 cch m i a s ngi dng u c th s dng c l kim tra bng cc phn mm hoc bng cc website chuyn o tc ng truyn. a. S dng phn mm Trn th trng hin ti, c rt nhiu phn mm dng nhn bit, o ng truyn mng ADSL. Nhng hu ht ngi tiu dng u chn phn mm DU Meter, do y l cng c n gin v d s dng nht. Sau khi bn ci v kch hot phn mm ny vo my th bn c th d dng bit c tc ng truyn mnh ang s dng. Trong DU Meter, ch s DL ch ra tc download thc ca ng truyn v ch s UL ch ra tc upload thc ca ng truyn. C hai ch s ny u tnh bng kB/giy v tc ca chng lun lun tay i. Nhng nu n lun nm di ch s 100 kB/giy th c ngha l ng truyn ca bn chm, cn ng truyn n nh phi lun m bo ch s DU trn 200 kB/giy. Bn c th ti phn mm ny ti a ch http://dl.hageltech.com/DUMeter-Ins... b. Dng website lm cng c o y l phng php kh hu ch v tc ng truyn c thng qua cc website. Bn c th ti a ch: http://www.dsl-speed.org/test.htm, ti y lun cung cp sn cho bn a ch ca khong vi chc website c tch hp sn tnh nng o tc ADSL. Nhng bn cng nn lu rng mi trang web u c mt tnh nng hi khc nhau mt cht. C web khi vo cho ta bit ngay tc ng truyn, mt s website khc s trang b mt nt nhn dng nh Start m khi nhn vo qu trnh o tc mi c bt u.

IV. Kt ni Internet qua ADSL

M hnh x l thng tin truy cp web

M hnh trn y bao gm 5 thnh phn: 1. My trm: Truy cp Internet t nhiu quc gia, dng cc phn mm v mi trng truy cp a dng thng qua cc nh cung cp kt ni. Cht lng my trm, mng ni b ni my trm hot ng v cc phn mm chy trn my trm c th nh hng n kt qu truy cp Internet v khng thuc s qun l ca nh cung cp dch v hosting hay lm web. 2. Nh kt ni dch v ADSL: m bo dch v my trm lin thng vi Internet. Thng thng khng m bo c truy cp domain ng DNS hay khng hoc website truy cp n c ng domain hay khng. 3. Cc my ch DNS ca nh kt ni dch v ADSL: Lu tr mt phn thng tin DNS ca cc domains nh .COM, .NET l cc thng tin trung gian c cp nht thng xuyn vo DNS (CSDL tn min ca cc domains). Chng cung cp thng tin hoc tra cu tc thi DNS t cc my ch gc lu DNS ca cc domains. C th chn, lc hoc chuyn hng truy cp, gim tc truy cp mt s domains. Trong cc thnh phn t 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 th thnh phn 3 thng xuyn hot ng lin quan n thng s DNS. Trng hp khng mun s dng h thng DNS ca nh cung cp ADSL, ngi ta thng dng Proxy nh my ch khc truy cp v gi cc trang web v my trm. Gn y, vic cho chy trn my ch DNS chng trnh ng dng DWK lc cc trang web xu cng lm chn nhng website cng vic do li chng trnh. 4. My ch gc lu DNS ca cc domains:

Mi my ch lu thng tin DNS ca 1 s domains do mnh qun l. Mi domain c duy nht 1 DNS v 1 IP, v c duy nht 1 my ch gc qun l. Cc thng s DNS v IP do phn mm qun l domain thit t. C th tra cu domain .COM.VN ti trang web ca VNNIC. 5. My ch hosting: thit t h iu hnh, CSDL v website. m bo hot ng ca website trn my ch (vi c ch client / server). nu c my trm truy cp c website th chng t my ch hosting c lm vic. thng kt qu qun l c vic truy cp v kt qu truy cp ca 1 my trm c th.

V. Bng rng khng dy (broadband wireless) WiMAX

WiMAX l tn thng dng ca chun IEEE 802.16, vit tt t ting Anh "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access", tm dch sang ting Vit l kh nng lin tc ton cu i vi truy cp vi ba. Cng ngh WiMAX cung cp cc tiu chun giao din v tuyn cho truy cp khng dy bng thng rng cho c thit b c nh, xch tay v di ng. WiMAX c nhiu u im vt tri, nh tc truyn dn d liu cao, vng ph rng, cht lng dch v c thit lp cho tng kt ni, an ninh tt, h tr multicast cng nh di ng, s dng c ph tn c cp php v khng c cp php.

Kt ni Internet qua WiMAX

Trong tng lai nu WiMAX c chun ha v thit b dng cho WiMAX c sn xut i tr, cng ngh mng bng rng khng dy ny hon ton c th thay th c ADSL - c bit l khu vc vng su vng xa, ni rt kh trin khai mng cp. WiMAX c coi l mng my tnh nhanh nht hin nay vi tc l thuyt c th ln ti 108Mbps, cn thp nht l 54Mbps.