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TNG HP 50 CU HI PH KHO ST HM S
Bi 1.
2x
bit tip tuyn ct Ox, Oy ln lt ti A, B m
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s y =
x2

tam gic OAB tha mn AB = OA 2

Gii
Cch 1 Gi M(xo ; yo ), (xo 6= 2) thuc th hm s. Pt tip tuyn d ti M c dng:
4
2xo
=
(x xo )
y
xo 2 (xo 2)2

Do tip tuyn ct cc trc Ox, Oy ti cc im A, B v tam gic OAB c AB = OA 2 nn tam gic OAB
vung cn ti O. Lc tip tuyn d vung gc vi mt trong 2 ng phn gic y = x hoc y = x
+TH1: d vung gc vi ng phn gic"y = x
xo = 0 pt d : y = x (loi)
4
2=4
C:
=
1

(x

2)
o
(xo 2)2
xo = 4 pt d : y = x + 8
+TH2: d vung gc vi ng phn gic y = x
4
.(1) = 1 pt v nghim.
C
(xo 2)2
Vy c 1 tip tuyn tha yu cu bi ton d : y = x + 8
OA

1
Cch 2 nhn xt tam gic AOB vung ti O nn ta c : sin(ABO) =
= = sin
AB
4
2
nn tam gic AOB vung cn ti O. phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M = (xo ; yo ) c dng :
4
2xo
y=
(x

x
)
+
o
2
xo 2
 2 
 (xo 2)2 
xo
2xo
d dng tnh c A =
; 0 v B = 0;
2
(xo 2)2
yu cu bi ton lc ny tng ng vi vic tm xo l nghim ca phng trnh
xo2
2xo2
=
xo3 (xo 4) = 0
2
(xo 2)2
+) vi xo = 0 ta c phng trnh tip tuyn l : y = x (loi)
+) vi xo = 4 th phng trnh tip tuyn l : y = x + 8
Bi 2.


1
1
Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s y = x3 m.x2 + m2 3 x c cc i x1 , cc tiu x2 ng thi x1 ; x2
3
2
r
5
l di cc cnh gc vung ca mt tam gic vung c di cnh huyn bng
2
Gii
Cch 1 Mx: D = R C y0 = x2 mx + m2 3 y0 = 0 x2 mx + m2 3 = 0
Hm s c cc i x1 ,cc tiu x2 tha yu cu bi ton khi v ch khi pt y0 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit dng,
trittiu v i du
qua 2 nghim

> 0
4 m > 0
2 < m < 2

S>0 m>0
3 < m < 2 ()
m>0

P > 0
m2 3 > 0
m < 3 m > 3

x + x = m
1
2
Theo vi-et c:
x1 x2 = m2 3

5
14
M x12 + x22 = 2(x1 + x2 )2 4x1 x2 = 5 2m2 4(m2 3) = 5 m =
2
2

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14
i chiu k (*) ta c gi tr m =
tha yu cu bi ton
2
Bi 3.
1
Tm tt c cc gi tr m sao cho trn th (Cm ) : y = mx3 + (m 1)x2 + (4 3m)x + 1 tn ti ng 2
3
im c honh dng m tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng (L) : x + 2y 3 = 0.
Gii
Cch 1: C y0 = mx2 + 2(m 1)x +4 3m

1
0
T yu cu bi ton dn n pt: y
= 1 c ng 2 nghim dng phn bit
2
mx2 + 2(m 1)x + 2 3m = 0 c 2 nghim dng phn bit.

m
=
6
0
m 6= 0

m 6= 0

4m2 4m + 1 > 0
0 > 0
m 6= 1
0<m<

2
2
m1

<
0

0
<
m
<
1
S
>
0
<m<

2
3

2 3m > 0
0 < m < 2
P>0
3
  m 

1 2
1

l cc gi tr cn tm ca m
Vy m 0;
;
2
2 3
Cch 2: C y0 = mx2 + 2(m 1)x +4 3m

1
0
T yu cu bi ton dn n pt: y
= 1 c ng 2 nghim dng phn bit mx2 + 2(m 1)x +
2
2 3m = 0 (1) c 2 nghim dng phn bit
Th1: m = 0 t (1) ta c x = 1 (loi)
1
Th2: m = t (1) ta c x = 1 (loi)
2
2 3m
1
Th3: m 6= 0; m 6= t pt (1) c 2 nghim x = 1 x =
2
m
2 3m
2
iu kin bi ton dn n: :
>00<m<
m
3

 

1 2
1
Kt hp vi c 3 trng hp trn ta c gi tr m cn tm:m 0;

;
2
2 3
Bi 4.
Vit phng trnh ng thng d ct th (C) :y = x3 3x + 2 ti 3 im phn bit A, B,C sao cho

xA = 2 v BC = 2 2
Gii
Vi xA = 2 yA = 4 VyA(2; 4)
Xem d l ng thng i qua A v c h s gc l k. C pt d : y yA = k(x xA ) y = kx 2k + 4
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v ng thng d : x3 3x + 2 = kx 2k + 4
(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 1 k) = 0 x = 2 hay g(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 k = 0 ()
d ct (C)ti 3 im phn bit A, B,C th pt() phi c 2 nghim phn bit xB ; xC phn bit v khc 2:
0 = k > 0
0 < k 6= 9 (0 )
Lc :
g(2) = 9 k 6= 0

x + x = 2
B
C
Theo vi-et ta c :
. M B,C thuc d nn yB = kxB 2k + 4; yC = kxC 2k + 4
xB .xC = 1 k

C BC = 2 2 BC2 = 8 (xB xC )2 + k2 (xB xC )2 = 8



(xB + xC )2 4xB xC (1 + k2 ) = 8 k3 + k 2 = 0 k = 1 (tha k (0 )) pt d : y = x + 2
Vy ng thng d cn tm c pt: y = x + 2

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Bi 5.
Cho hm s y = 4x3 6mx2 + 1, m l tham s.Tm m ng thng d : y = x + 1 ct th hm s
ti 3 im A(0; 1), B,C v B,C i xng qua ng phn gic th nht.
Gii
Giao ca (C) v (d) c honh l nghim ca phng trnh:
4x3 6mx2 + 1 = x + 1 x(4x2 6mx + 1) = 0
pt c 3 n0 phn bit th 4x2 6mx + 1 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
2
2
0 = 9m2 4 > 0 m > , m <
3
3
Gi
1),C(x2 ; x2 + 1) B v C i xng qua ng phn gic th 1 th:
B(x1 ; x1 +
x = x + 1
x = y
3
2
1
2
1
2

x1 + x2 = 1 m = 1 m =
x2 = x1 + 1
y1 = x2
2
3
So snh vi k, thy khng tm c m tha mn
Bi 6.
thi th ln 2 LQ Bnh nh
4
2
2
Cho hm s y = x 2mx + 2m 4,m l tham s thc.Xc nh m hm s cho c 3 cc tr to
thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1
Gii
Mx: D = R. C y0 = 4x3 4mx.
y0 = 0 4x3 4mx = 0 x = 0 x2 = m. Hm s c 3 cc tr m > 0
()

2
2
2
Gi A(0; 2m 4); B( m; m 4);C( m; m 4) l 3 im cc tr.
Nhn xt thy B,C i xng qua Oy v A thuc Oy nn ABC cn ti A.
1
K AHBC c SABC = AH.BC 2 = |yB yA | |2xB |
2

2 = 2m2 . m m = 1 i chiu vi iu kin () c m = 1 l gi tr cn tm.

Bi 7.
x2
Cho hm s y =
. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th bit tip tuyn ct Ox, Oy ti A, B sao
x+1
cho bn knh vng trn ni tip tam gic OAB ln nht
Gii
th hm s cho c tim cn ng l ng thng x = 1 v tim cn ngang l ng thng y = 1.
Giao im hai ng tim cn I (1; 1). Gi s tip tuyn cn lp tip xc vi th ti im c honh
x0 2
3
(x x0 ) +
x0 , phng trnh tip tuyn c dng: y =
2
x +1
(x0 + 1)

0
x0 5
Tip tuyn ct tim cn ng x = 1 ti im A 1;
, v ct tim cn ng ti im B (2x0 + 1; 1).
x0 + 1


 x0 5

6
Ta c:IA = 
1 =
; IB = |2x0 + 1 (1)| = 2|x0 + 1|
|x0 + 1|
x0 + 1
1
6
Nn: IA.IB =
.2 |x0 + 1| = 12. Do vy, din tch tam gic IAB l: S = IA.IB = 6.
|x0 + 1|
2
S
6
Gi p l na chu vi tam gic IAB, th bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ny l:r = = .
p p
Bi vy, r ln nht khi v ch khi p nh nht. Mt khc, tam gic IAB vung ti I nn:

2p = IA + IB + AB = IA + IB + IA2 + IB2 2 IA.IB + 2IA.IB = = 4 3 + 2 6

Du = xy ra khi IA = IB (x0 + 1)2 = 3 x = 1 3

- Vi x = 1 3 ta c tip tuyn: d1 : y = x + 2 1 + 3

- Vi x = 1 + 3 ta c tip tuyn: d1 : y = x + 2 1 3
Bi 8.

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2mx + 3
. Gi I l giao im 2 tim cn. Tm m tip tuyn bt k ca hm s ct hai
xm
tim cn ti A, B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB bng 64
Gii
D thy th hm s cho c ng tim cn ng l ng thng x = m v ng tim cn ngang l
y = 2m.Ta giao im
 ca hai ng tim cn l I (m; 2m).
2mx0 + 3
Gi M x0 ;
(vi x0 6= m) l im bt k thuc th hm s cho.
x0 m
2m2 + 3
2mx0 + 3
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s ti im ny l: y =
(x x0 ) +
2
x0 m

 (x0 m)
2
2mx0 + 2m + 6
Tip tuyn ny ct tim cn ng ti A m;
v ct tim cn ngang ti B (2x0 m; 2m).
x

m
0


  2
 2mx0 + 2m2 + 6
  4m + 6 


; IB = |2x0 m m| = 2 |x0 m|

Ta c: IA = 
2m = 
x0 m
x0 m 
1
Nn din tch tam gic IAB l: S = IA.IB = 4m2 + 6
2

58
2
Bi vy, yu cu bi ton tng ng vi: 4m + 6 = 64 m =
2
Bi 9.
Tm m sao cho th hm s y = x4 4x2 + m ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit sao cho din tch
hnh phng gii hn bi (C) v trc honh c phn trn bng phn di
Gii
Phng trnh honh giao im ca th (C) v Ox:x4 4x2 + m = 0 (1)
t t = x2 0. Lc c pt: t 2 4t + m = 0 (2)

(C) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit khi pt (1) c 4 nghim phn bit (2) c 2 nghim phn bit t > 0

= 4 m > 0
S=4>0
0 < m < 4 (i)

P = m > 0
Cho hm s y =

Gi t1 ;t2 (0 < t1 < t2 ) l 2 nghim ca pt (2). Lc pt(1) c 4 nghim phn bit theo th t tng dn l:

x1 = t2 ; x2 = t1 ; x3 = t1 ; x4 = t2
Do tnh i xng ca th (C) nn c:
Z x4
Z x3
x5 4x3
(x4 + 4x2 m) dx 4 4 + mx4 = 0 3x44 20x42 + 15m = 0
(x4 4x2 + m) dx =
5
3
x3
0

x4 4x2 + m = 0
(3)
4
T c x4 l nghim ca hpt: 4
3x4 20x2 + 15m = 0 (4)
4
4
3m
3m
9m2
20
Thay x42 =
vo (3) c:
5m = 0 m = 0 m =
2
2
4
9
20
i chiu iu kin (i) c m =
l gi tr cn tm.
9
Bi 10.
Cho hm s y = x4 2(1 m2 )x2 + m + 1. Tm m hm s cho c ba im cc tr v ba im cc
tr ny to thnh mt tam gic c din tch ln nht.
Gii
0
y = 4x3 4x(1 m2 ) = 0 x = 0, x2 = 1 m2
Hm s c 3 cc tr 1 < m < 1
Khi , ta im cc i l A(0; 1 + m),

ta 2 im cc tiu l B( 1 m2 ; 1 m2 );C( 1 m2 ; 1 m2 )

Ly 3.(3) (4) x42 =

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5

1
Din tch tam gic ABC l: SABC = d(A; BC).BC = (1 m2 ) 2 1. Du = xy ra khi m = 0.
2
p s: m = 0
Bi 11.
x + 1
Cho hm s y =
c th l (H). Tm trn (H) im M tip tuyn ti M c h s gc ln
x3

2 5
hn 1 to vi ng thng : 3x + 4y 1 = 0 mt gc c gi tr bng
25
Gii
V chbit cng thc tnh cos ca gc t 2 vecto cho trc, vi li bi ny cho kt qu cos kh p
2 5
cos(
) 0, 9999... 1 nn em ngh l s p dng cng thc tnh cos ca gc gia 2 vecto lun.
25
2

Gi vecto ch phng ca pt tip tuyn ti M l:

u1 (
; 1) Vecto ch phng ca dt : 3x+4y1 = 0
(x 3)2
8
|
+ 3|
p
3
(x 3)2

= 1 |8+3(x3)2 | = 5 4 + (x 3)4 (x3)2 =

l: u2 (4; 3) C: cos ( u1 ; u2 ) = r
2
4
+
1
5
(x 3)4
x =? => M =?
Bi 12.
x+3
Cho hm s y =
c th (H). Tm m ng thng d : y = x + m + 1 ti hai im phn bit
x2
d nhn.
A, B sao cho AOB
Gii
x+3
Giao ca (H) v d c honh l nghim ca pt:
= x + m + 1 x2 (m + 2)x + 2m + 5 = 0
x

m2 4m + 16 > 0
pt trn c 2 nghim pb th > 0, x 6= 2
m =?
22 2(m + 2) + 2m + 5 6= 0
Gi A(x1 ; x1 + m + 1), B(x2 ; x2 + m + 1) l 2 giao im ca (H) v d
d nhn th : AB2 < OA2 + AB2 2(x2 x1 )2 < (x1 + m + 1)2 + (x2 + m + 1)2 2x1 x2 + (m +
AOB
1)(x1 + x2 ) (m + 1)2 < 0 m > 3
Kt hp vi k ban u suy ra gi tr ca m.
Bi 13.
x
Cho hm s y =
. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (H) ca hm s cho bit tip tuyn
x1

to vi hai ng tim cn mt tam gic c chu vi bng 2(2 + 2)

Gii
1(x xo )
xo
Cch 1. 2 ng tim cn ca th l x = 1, y = 1 Gi pttt ca (H) ti M(xo ; yo ) l: y =
+
2
(xo 1)
xo 1
xo + 1
xo + 1
Khi x = 1 y =
A(1;
). Khi y = 1 x = 2xo 1 B(2xo 1; 1), I(1; 1)
xo 1
xo 1
r

xo + 1
xo + 1 2
P(ABC) = IA + IB + AB =
1 + 2xo 2 + (2xo 2)2 + (1
) = 2(2 + 2)
xo 1
xo 1
p

2 + 2(xo 1)2 + (xo 1)4 + 4 = 2(2 + 2)(xo 1)

x 1 = 0 (loi)
o

2(1 + 2)(xo 1)2 + (2 + 2)2 (xo 1) 2(2 + 2) = 0

Cch 2. - Phng trnh tim cn ng: x = 1, phng trnh tim cn ngang y = 1
a
1
a
- Gi M(a;
), phng trnh tip tuyn ti M: y =
(x a) +
2
a1
(a 1)
a1

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a+1

)
a1
- Ta giao im ca tip tuyn v tim cn ngang l: B(2a 1; 1) r

2
1
- Chu vi tam gic IAB l: C = IA + IB + AB =
2, du
+ 2|a 1| + 2 (a 1)2 +

4
+
2
|a 1|
(a 1)2
= xy ra khi |a 1| = 1 tc a = 0; a = 2
- Vi a = 0 y = x
- Vi a = 2 y = x + 4
Kt lun: y = x, y = x + 4 l 2 tip tuyn cn tm.
Bi 14.
2x m
Cho hm s: y =
(1). Chng minh vi mi m 6= 0 th hm s (1) ct (d) : y = 2x 2m ti
mx + 1
2 im phn bit A, B thuc mt ng (H) c nh. ng thng (d) ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti
cc im M, N. Tm m SOAB = 3SOMN
Gii
Phng trnh honh giao im ca th 
hm s (1)v ng thng d:
2x m
1
(2)
= 2x 2m 2mx2 2m2 x m = 0 x 6=
mx + 1
 m 
1
Do m 6= 0 nn (2) f (x) = 2x2 2mx 1 = 0 x 6=
()
m
1
tn ti 2 im A, B th pt () phi c 2 nghim phn bit xA ; xB khc
m

0
2
= m + 2 > 0

m 6= 0
f ( 1 ) = 2 + 1 6= 0
m
m2
1
Mt khc c xA .xB = nn A, B lun thuc mt ng (H) c nh.
2
|2m|
K OHAB OH = d(O,d) = . Li c A, B d yA = 2xA 2m; yB = 2xB 2m
5

xA + xB = m
Theo viet c:
.
xA .xB = 1
2
p
p
p

C: AB = (xA xB )2 + (yA yB )2 = 5(xA xB )2 = 5(xA + xB )2 20xA xB AB = 5m2 + 10

V M, N l giao im ca d vi Ox, Oy nn M(m; 0); N(0; 2m)
|2m|
Theo gi thit :SOAB = 3SOMN OH.AB = 3OM.ON . 5m2 + 10 = 3 |xM | |yN |
5

|2m| 2
1
. 5m + 10 = 3 |m| |2m| m2 + 2 = 3 |m| m2 + 2 = 9m2 m =
2
5
1
Vy vi m = l cc gi tr cn tm .
2
Bi 15.
x + 1
Tm trn (H) : y =
cc im A, B sao cho di on thng AB bng 4 v ng thng AB
x2
vung gc vi ng thng y = x
Gii
Do ABd : y = x pt AB : y = x + m Phng trnh honh giao im ca (H) v ng thng AB:
x + 1
= x + m g(x) = x2 (m + 3)x + 2m + 1 = 0 (x 6= 2) (1)
x2

tn ti 2 im A, Bth pt(1) cn c 2 nghim phn bit xA ; xB v khc 2

(m + 3)2 4(2m + 1) > 0

g(x) > 0

(m 1)2 + 4 > 0; m
g(2) 6= 0
4 (m + 3)2 + 2m + 1 6= 0
- Ta giao im ca tip tuyn v tim cn ng l: A(1;

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x + x = m + 3
B
A
Theo viet c
xA .xB = 2m + 1

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Li c: yA = xA + m; yB = xB + m

M AB = 4 AB2 = 16 (xB xA )2 + (yA yB )2 = 16 (xB xA )2 = 8 (xB + xA )2 4xA .xB = 8

(m + 3)2 4(2m + 1) = 0 m2 2m 3 = 0 m = 1 m = 3

+Vi m = 3 thay vo pt (1) c:x2 6x + 7 = 0 x = 3 2 y = 2. Lc ny ta 2 im A, B l

A(3 + 2; 2); B(3 2; 2) hoc B(3 + 2; 2); A(3 2; 2)

+Vi m = 1 thay vo pt (1) c: x2 2x 1 = 0 x = 1 2 y = 2 2. Lc ny ta 2 im

A, B l A(1 + 2; 2 2); B(1 2; 2 + 2) hoc B(1 + 2; 2 2); A(1 2; 2 + 2)

Vy A, B l cc im nh trn tha yu cu bi ton.
Bi 16.
Tm m th hm s y = x4 mx2 + m 1 ct trc Ox ti 4 im phn bit c honh ln hn 2.
Gii

Xt:x4 mx2 + m + 1 = 0. = (m 2)2 => = |m 2| x2 = m 1(m > 1), x2 = 1

Vy 4 giao im ca th (C) vi trc honh l: A(1; 0), B( m 1; 0),C(1; 0), D( m 1; 0)

4 im c honh >-2 th:

TH1: m 1 > 1 m < 2, kt hp vi k 1 < m < 2

TH2:2 < m 1 < 1| 2 < m < 5

Vy :m (1; 2) (2; 5) l gi tr cn tm.
Bi 17.
x+3
Cho hm s y =
c th l (H). Tm m ng thng d : y = 2x + 3m ct (H) ti hai im
x+2

phn bit sao cho OA.OB = 4 vi O l gc ta .
Gii
x+3
- Xt phng trnh:
= 2x + 3m 2x2 + 3(1 + m)x + 6m 3 = 0 (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc -2
x+2
khi = 9m2 30m + 33 > 0 iu ny xy ra vi mi m.
- Gi 2 nghim ca phng trnh (1) l x1 , x2 th A(x1 , 2x1 + 3m), B(x2 , 2x2 + 3m)
12m 15
7

- C: OA.OB = 4 x1 .x2 + (2x1 + 3m)(2x2 + 3m) = 4
= 4 m =
2
12
Bi 18.
3x 1
Tm ta hai im B,C thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca th y =
sao cho tam gic ABC vung
x1
cn ti A(2; 1).
Gii

i h trc ta Oxy
thnh h trc ta IXY bng php tnh tin OI vi I(1; 3)
x = X + 1
Cng thc i trc:
y = Y + 3
2
Trong h ta mi pt hm s c vit li l :Y =
(1) v im A tr thnh A(1; 2)
X

 

2
2
Xt 2 im B a;
;C b;
(a < 0 < b) thuc th hm s (1).
a
b
Gi H, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca B,C ln ng thng y = 2 H(a; 2); K(b; 2)
d + CAK
d = 900 = CAK
d + ACK
d BAH
d =
d
C BAH
ACK
AH = CK
Vy AHB = CKA (cnh huyn_gc nhn)
()
BH = AK

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2 2

(1 a) = 2 +
(2)
b

Lc t () c hpt: 
2

2 +  = |b 1|
(3)
 a


2
2
3b + 2
b 2
T (2) c 3 a +
a 1
=0a=
a =
b
b
b
b
"


2


3b + 9b + 6 = 0(4)
8b + 4 
3b + 2
= |b 1|
t (3) c 
Vi a =

b
3b + 2
3b2 + 7b + 2 = 0(5)
+ Vi (4) pt c 2 nghim b = 1 b = 2 khng tha do b > 0
1
+ Vi (5) pt c 2 nghim b = b = 2 khng tha do b > 0
3
"



b2 + b 6 = 0(6)
4 
b 2

= |b 1|
Vi a =
t (3) c 
b
b + 2
b2 + b + 2 = 0(7)
+Vi (7) pt v nghim
+Vi (6) pt c 2 nghim b = 2 b = 3 (loi)
Khi b = 2 B(2; 1);C(2; 1) hoc ngc li. Lc 2 im B,C ca bi ton cn tm l: B(1; 2);C(3; 4)
hoc ngc li.
Bi 19.
d = 120o
Cho hm s y = x3 + 3x2 + m (1) . Tm m hm s (1) c 2 im cc tr A, B sao cho AOB
Gii
- Phng trnh y0 = 0 x = 0, x = 2
- Ta 2 im cc tr ca th a(0; m), B(2; m + 4)
- Yu cu ca bi ton dn n gii phng trnh:

OA.OB
132
12
+
1
= 2m(m + 4) = |m| m2 + 8m + 20 m = 0, m =
OA.OB
2
3
12 + 132
p s: m = 0, m =
3
Bi 20.
thi th i hc THPT Thanh Thy ln 2 tnh Ph Th
2x 1
Cho hm s y =
c th (C).
x+1

Tm m ng thng d : y = x + m ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B sao cho AB = 2 2

Gii
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v ng thng d:
2x 1
= x + m f (x) = x2 + (m 1)x + m + 1 = 0 (1) (x 6= 1)
x+1

d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B th phng trnh (2) c 2 nghim
phn bit xA , xB khc 1

x + x = 1 m
= (m 1)2 4(m + 1) > 0
B
A
(). Theo vi-et c :

xA .xB = m + 1
f (1) = 1 m + 1 + m + 1 6= 0

Li c A, B d yA = xA + m; yB = xB + m Do AB = 2 2 AB2 = 8 (xA xB )2 + (yA yB )2 = 8

(xA + xB )2 4xA .xB = 4 (1 m)2 4(m + 1) = 4 m2 6m 7 = 0 m = 1 m = 7
i chiu iu kin () ta c m = 1; m = 7 l gi tr cn tm.
Bi 21.
3x 2
Cho hm s y =
(C). Gi I l giao ca 2 ng tim cn ca th.
x+1
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn d ca th hm s bit d ct tim cn ng v tim cn ngang ln lt ti
d = 5
A v B tha mn cos BAI
26
Gii

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Xt im M(xo ; yo ), (xo 6= 1) (C) l tip im ca tip tuyn d.

3xo 2
5
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti d c dng : y
=
(x xo )
xo + 1
(xo + 1)2
d = 5
Do tip tuyn d ct tim cn ng , tim cn ngang ln lt ti A, B v IAB c cos BAI
26
1
1
1
2
d=
d=
d = |5|
tan BAI
nn tan BAI
1 =
tan ABI
d
|5|
25
cos2 BAI
5
d l h s gc ca tip tuyn d m y0 (xo ) =
>0
Li c tan ABI
(xo + 1)2
5
= 5 (xo + 1)2 = 1 xo = 0 xo = 2
nn
2
(xo + 1)
Vi xo = 0 c pt tip tuyn d : y = 5x 2
Vi xo = 2 c pt tip tuyn d : y = 5x + 2
Vy c 2 tip tuyn tha yu cu bi ton c pt nh trn.
Bi 22.
Cho hm s y = x4 2mx2 + 2 c th (Cm ).Tm tt c cc gi tr ca thams m 
th (Cm ) c ba
3 9
im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c ng trn ngoi tip i qua im D
.
;
5 5
Gii

0
y = 4x3 4mx = 0 x = 0, x = m (m > 0) Vy ccimthuc ng trn (P) ngoi tip cc im

3 9
. Gi I(x; y) l tm ng trn(P)
cc tr l: A(0; 2), B( m; m2 + 2),C( m; m2 + 2), D
;
5 5

2
2

IA = ID
3x y + 1 = 0

IB2 = IC2 2x m = 2x m
x = 0, y = 1, m = 0(loi), m = 1.

IB2 = IA2
(x + m)2 + (y + m2 2)2 = x2 + (y 2)2
Vy m = 1 l gi tr cn tm.
Bi 23.
x4
5
Cho hm s y = 3x2 + c th (C) v im A (C) vi xA = a.
2
2
Tm cc gi tr thc ca a bit tip tuyn ca (C) ti A ct th (C) ti 2 im phn bit B,C khc A
sao cho AC = 3AB (B nm gia A v C).
Gii
 4

a
5
2
Cch 1 Xt A a; 3a +
thuc th (C).
2
2 

a4
5
5
3a4
2
3
2
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti A : y
3a +
= (2a 6a)(x a) y = 2a(a 3)x
+ 3a2 +
2
2
2
2
4
x4
5
3a
5
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v tip tuyn ti A. 3x2 + = 2a(a2 3)x
+ 3a2 +
2
2
2
2
"
x=a
(x a)2 (x2 + 2ax + 3a2 6) = 0
f (x) = x2 + 2ax + 3a2 6 = 0 (1)

tip tuyn ti A ct (C) ti 2 im
khc A th pt (1) cn c 2 nghim phn bit xB ; xC khc a
B,C

0 = a2 (3a2 6) > 0
3 < a < 3

()
f (a) = 6a2 6 6= 0
a 6= 1

Do AB = 3AC
AC = 3AB xC 3xB = 2a (2)
x + x = 2a (3)
B
C
Li theo vi et c:
.
xB .xC = 3a2 6 (4)

T (2) v (3) xB = 0v xC = 2a. Th vo

(4) c: 3a2 6 = 0 a = 2 ( tha ())
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Kim tra:

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21

5
3
; B 0;
;C 2 2;
AC = 3AB
+Vi a = 2 c A
2;
2
2
2 

 
 

21
3
5
+Vi a = 2 c A 2;
; B 0;
;C 2 2;
AC = 3AB
2
2
2

Vy a = 2 l cc gi tr cn tm ca a.
Cch 2 Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) hm s cho ti im A vi xA = a l:


a4
5
y = 2a3 6a (x a) + 3a2 +
2
2
PT honh giao im ca tip tuyn ny vi th (C):




x4
5
a4
5
3x2 + = 2a3 6a (x a) + 3a2 + (x a)2 x2 + 2ax + 3a2 6 = 0
2
2
2
2
c 3 giao im A, B,C th phng trnh:

3 < a < 3
x2 + 2ax + 3a2 6 = 0 () c hai nghim phn bit khc a
.
a 6= 1

x + x = 2a
B
C
Khi honh B,C l hai nghim ca phng trnh () nn:
xB .xC = 3a2 6

Mt khc:
AC = 3AB (B nm gia
A v C) AC = 3AB xC 3xB = 2a

xC 3xB = 2a
xB = 0

Ta c h: xB + xC = 2a
xC = 2a
a = 2 tha mn iu kin.

xB .xC = 3a2 6
3a2 6 = 0

Vy gi tr cn tm ca m l: a = 2
Bi 24.
Cu I 2 thi th i hc Vinh ln 3
1 4
Cho hm s y = x (3m + 1)x2 + 2(m + 1) (m l tham s). Tm m hm s c 3 im cc tr to
4
thnh mt tam gic c trng tm l gc ta O.
Gii
y0 = x3 2(3m + 1)x = 0 x = 0, x2 = 2(3m + 1)
1
Hm s c 3 cc tr khi m > , khi ta 3 im cc tr ca th l
3

A(0; 2m + 2), B( 6m + 2; 9m2 4m + 1),C( 6m + 2; 9m2 4m + 1)

2
1
Tam gic ABC c trng tm O khi: 18m2 6m + 4 = 0 m = , m =
3
3
1
p s: m =
3
Bi 25.
Cu I 2 thi th i hc ln 3 THPT Trung Gi
1 3
Cho hm s y = mx + (m 1)x2 + (3m 4)x + 1 c th l (Cm ).Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao
3
cho trn (Cm ) c im m tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng (d) : y = x + 2011
Gii
0
y = mx2 + (m + 1)x + 3m 4 tip tuyn vung gc vi (d) th y0 .1 = 1 mx2 + (m + 1)x + 3m 3 =
0(1) c nghim vi mi x thuc R
3
TH1: m = 0 pt tr thnh: 2x 3 = 0 x =
Vy m = 0 tha mn
2
TH2: m 6= 0 (1) l phng trnh bc 2, vy phng trnh c nghim th:
1
1
= 2m2 + m + 1 0 m 1, m 6= 0 Vy m 1 l gi tr cn tm
2
2
Bi 26.

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Cho hm s y = x3 3mx2 + 3(m2 1)x (m2 1)

(1).
Tm m th hm s (1) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit c honh dng.
Gii
3
2
2
2
0
2
2
t f (x) =
" x 3mx + 3(m 1)x (m 1) C y = 3x 6mx + 3(m 1)
x1 = m 1
y0 = 0
x2 = m + 1
Do h s ca x2 ca pt y0 = 0 l 3 v m 1 < m + 1 nn hm s t cc i ti x1 v t cc tiu ti x2

ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh dng th ta phi c:

th hm s (1)

m R
y0 > 0

2 < m < 1

2 1)(m2 3)(m2 2m 2) > 0

(m
y
.y
<
0
1
2

3 < m < 1

m1 > 0
x1 > 0

3 < m < 1+ 2

m+1 > 0
x2 > 0

m > 1

1m < 0
f (0) < 0


3 < m < 1 + 2. Vy cc gi tr m tha yu cu bi ton l m

3; 1 + 2
Bi 27.
Tm m din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th: y = x3 3x2 + 3mx + 3m + 4 v trc honh c phn
nm pha trn trc honh bng phn nm pha di trc honh
Gii
Bi 28.
x 1
Tm trn th hm s y =
cc im A, B sao cho tip tuyn ca th hm s ti im A song
x+2

song vi tip tuyn ti im B v AB = 8

Gii

 

a 1
b 1
Xt 2 im A a;
; B b;
(a 6= b 6= 2) thuc th hm s cho.
a+2
b+2
1
Tip tuyn ti A c h s gc: f 0 (a) =
(a + 2)2
1
Tip tuyn ti B c h s gc : f 0 (b) =
(b + 2)2

f 0 (a) = f 0 (b)
Theo bi ta c hpt:

AB = 8

1
1

a=b

2
(a + 2)2

(b + 2)
s
a + b = 4





a 1 b 1 2

2
1

(a

b)
+

=
8

=8
(a b)2 1 +
a+2
b+2
ab + 2(a + b) +
4
a = 2 3

a + b = 4
a = 4 b
a + b = 4

b
=
2
+
3



ab = 1
b2 + 4b + 1 = 0

=8
a = 2 + 3
(16 4ab) 1 +
ab 4

b = 2 3






Vy 2 im A, B cn tm l A 2 3; 3 + 1 ; B 2 + 3; 3 1






hoc A 2 + 3; 3 1 ; B 2 3; 3 + 1
Bi 29.

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Gi D l ng thng i qua A(1; 0) v c h s gc k. Tm k D ct th y =

x+2
ti 2 im phn
x1

bit M, N thuc 2 nhnh khc nhau ca th v AM = 2AN

Gii
Do D l ng thng i qua A(1; 0) v c h s gc l k nn pt D : y = k(x 1)
Phng trnh honh giao im ca D v th hm s cho l:
x+2
= k(x 1) kx2 (2k + 1)x + k 2 = 0(x 6= 1) (1)
x1
t t = x 1 x = t + 1 Lc pt (1) tr thnh:
k(t + 1)2 (2k + 1)(t + 1) + k 2 = 0 kt 2 t 3 = 0 (2)
D ct th hm s cho ti 2 im M, N thuc 2 nhnh khc nhau ca th th pt (1) phi c
2 nghim x1 ; x2 tha x1 < 1 < x2 pt (2) c 2 nghim t1 ;t2 tha t1 < 0 < t2 3k < 0 k > 0 ()

V im A lun
nm trong on MN v AM = 2AN AM = 2AN x1 + 2x2 = 3 (3)

x1 + x2 = 2k + 1 (4)
k1
k+2
k
. T (3) v (4) x2 =
; x1 =
Theo vi-et c :
k

k
k
x1 x2 =
(5)
k
(k + 2)(k 1) k 2
2
Thay x1 ; x2 vo (5) c pt:
=
3k 2 = 0 k =
2
k
k
3
2
i chiu k () c k = l gi tr cn tm.
3
Bi 30.
Tm m ng thng qua cc i cc tiu ca th hm s y = x3 3mx + 2 ct ng trn tm
I(1; 1) bn knh bng 1 ti A, B m din tch tam gic IAB ln nht
Gii
- C: y0 = 3x2 3m c 2 nghim phn bit khi m > 0. Khi , ta 2 im cc tr ca th hm s l:

M( m, 2 2m x), N( m, 2 + 2m x)
- Phng trnh ng thng MN l: 2mx + y 2 = 0
d 1,
- ng thng MN ct ng trn tm I ti A, B m tam gic IAB c 2.SIAB = IA.IB. sin AIB
d = 90o , lc , khong cch t I n MN bng 1 .
du = xy ra khi AIB
2

|2m 1|
1
1
3
3
Do vy ta c phng trnh: d(I, MN) =
= m = 1+
, m = 1
2
2
2
2
4m2 + 1
Bi 31.
x+3
Cho hm s y =
c th l (H).Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti M trn (H) sao cho tip
2(x + 1)
tuyn ti M ct hai trc ta Ox, Oy ti hai im A, B ng thi ng trung trc ca AB i qua gc
ta O.
Gii
Do tam gic OAB vung ti O m trung trc ca AB li i qua O nn tam gic OAB phi vung cn, iu
c ngha l AB to vi trc honh gc 45o , cng tc l h s gc ca AB bng 1.
4
Vy th, honh tip im ca tip tuyn l nghim ca phng trnh:
= 1 x = 0, x = 2
4(x + 1)2
3
Vi x = 0 ta c tip tuyn l: y = x +
2
5
Vi x = 2 ta c tip tuyn l: y = x
2
Bi 32.
1
1
Cho hm s y = x3 (m + 1)x2 + mx
(m l tham s) .
3
2
Tm m hm s c cc i v cc tiu i xng qua ng thng d : 72x 12y 35 = 0
Gii

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Ta c: y0 = x2 (m + 1)x + m y0 = 0 x2 (m + 1)x + m = 0 x = 1 x = m
0
V th, th
 hm s c cc i v cc tiu, iu kin l: y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit m 6= 1
1
1
1
1
Mt khc: y = x (m + 1) .y0 (m 1)2 x + m(m + 1)
3
6
6
6
Nn khi th hm s c cc i v cc tiu th ng thng d i qua hai cc tr ny c dng:
1
1
y = (m 1)2 x + m(m + 1)
6
6
35
ng thng d vit li l: y = 6x 2 Nn hai cc tr i xng nhau qua ng thng d, iu kin u
1
1
2
0
tin l d d . Hay: (m 1) .6 = 1 m = 0 m = 2
6
* Vi m = 0, hm s cho tr thnh:
1
1
y = x3 x2 v y0 = x2 x
3
2




1
1
1
Hai im cc tr c ta : A (0; 0); B 1; , trung im ca AB l I

/ d nn hai im cc
;
6
2 12
tr khng i xng nhau qua ng thng d.
* Vi m = 2, hm s cho tr thnh:
 


1 3 3
2
5
0
2
y = x x + 2x v y = x 3x + 2 Hai im cc tr c ta C 1;
; D 2;
, trung im ca CD
3
2
6
3

3 9

/ d nn hai im cc tr khng i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d.

l J
;
2 12
Vy khng c gi tr no ca m tha mn bi ton.
Bi 33.
Cho hm s y = x3 3x2 + 4 c th l (C).Chng minh rng khi m thay i th ng thng d : y =
m(x + 1) lun ct th (C) ti mt im A c nh v tm m ng thng d ct (C) ti ba im phn
bit A, B,C ng thi B,C cng vi gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1.
Gii
Xt phng trnh: x3 3x2 + 4 = m(x + 1)
(x + 1)(x2 4x + 4 m) = 0 x = 1; g(x) = x2 4x + 4 m = 0 (1)
ng thng y = m(x + 1) lun ct th hm s cho ti A(1; 0), n ct th ti 3 im phn bit
th phng trnh (1) phi c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1.
iu kin l: > 0, g(1) 6= 0 0 < m 6= 9
Khi (1) c 2 nghim phn bit v ng thng cho ct th thm ti

B(2 + m; m(3 + m));C(2 m; m(3 m))

p
|m|
Khong cch t O n BC l: d(O; BC) =
di BC l: BC = 2 m(1 + m2 )
m2 + 1

1
C: SOBC = d(O; BC).BC = m m = 1 m = 1
2
p s: m = 1
Bi 34.
Th sc trn THTT - Thng 5/2011
x3 1
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m th hm s: y = (m + 3) x2 2 (m + 1) x + 1 c hai im cc
3 2
tr vi honh ln hn 1.
Gii
Ta c: y0 = x2 (m + 3) x 2 (m + 1)
y0 = 0 x2 (m + 3) x 2 (m + 1) = 0 ()
C: = (m + 3)2 + 8 (m + 1) = m2 + 14m + 17 > 0, x R
Nn th hm s lun c hai cc tr c honh x1 v x2 l nghim ca phng trnh ().
Yu cu bi ton tng ng vi tm iu kin ca tham s m phng trnh () c hai nghim x1 v x2

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x > 1
x 1 > 0
(x 1) + (x 1) > 0
1
1
1
2
tha mn:

x2 > 1
x2 1 > 0
(x1 1) (x2 1) > 0

x + x 2 > 0
(m + 3) 2 > 0
m > 1
1
2
m

x1 x2 (x1 + x2 ) + 1 > 0
2 (m + 1) (m + 3) + 1 > 0
m < 4
3
Vy khng c gi tr no ca m tha mn bi.
Bi 35.
Tm hai im A, B thuc th hm s y = x3 3x + 2 sao cho cc tip tuyn ti A, B c cng h s gc
v ng thng i qua A, B vung gc vi ng thng x + y + 2011 = 0
Gii
Cch 1 Xt A(a; a3 3a + 2); B(b; b3 3b + 2)(a 6= b) thuc th hm s cho. Tip tuyn ti A c h
s gc kA = 3a2 3. Tip tuyn ti B c h s gc kB = 3b2 3
Do tip tuyn ti A v B c cng h s gc nn kA = kB 3a2 3 = 3b2 3 (a b)(a + b) = 0 a = b

T c AB = (b a; b3 3b + 2 a3 + 3a 2) = (2b; 2b3 6b)

Mt khc ng thng d : x + y + 2011 = 0 c

"u = (1; 1)
b = 0 a = 0(l)

V ABd nn AB.
u = 0 2b(b2 + 4) = 0
b = 2 a = 2
Vy c 2 im A, B vi A(2; 0), B(2; 4) hoc ngc li tha yu cu bi ton.
Cch 2 -iu kin (1): Phngtrnh f 0 (x) = k c hai nghim phn bit ...(T tm)
y = x3 3x + 2
-Ta A, B l nghim ca h
k = 3x2 3


k
- Suy ra phng trnh ng thng AB l y =
2 x+2
3
- iu kin vung gc suy ra k = 9.
- Tm giao im ng thng AB v th ta c A(2; 4)., B(2; 0)
Bi 36.
Trch chn i tuyn quc gia ca H Tnh nm 2008 - 2009
3
2
Gi s th hm s y = x 6x + 9x + d ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit x1 < x2 < x3 .
Chng minh rng: 0 < x1 < 1 < x2 < 3 < x3 < 4
Gii
PT honh giao im ca th hm s cho vi trc Ox l
x3 6x2 + 9x + d = 0 d = x3 + 6x2 9x ()
th hm s y = x3 6x2 + 9x + d ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit nn PT () c ba nghim phn bit
ng thng y = d ct th hm s y = x3 + 6x2 9x ti ba im phn bit
4 < d < 0 (v th thy r)
t f (x) = x3 6x2 + 9x + d
Vi 4 < d < 0 th f (0) = d < 0, f (1) = d + 4 > 0, f (3) = d < 0, f (4) = d + 4 > 0
t y f (0) f (1) < 0, f (1) f (3) < 0, f (3) f (4) < 0, t tnh lin tc ca hm s ta c pcm
Bi 37.
Trch hc sinh gii ca H Ni nm 2008 - 2009
3
Chng minh rng vi mi m phng trnh x + 3(m + 1)x2 + 3(m2 + 1)x + m3 + 1 = 0 lun c nghim
duy nht.
Gii
Xem pt :x3 + 3(m + 1)x2 + 3(m2 + 1)x + m3 + 1 = 0 (1) l phng trnh honh giao im ca th
hm s y = x3 + 3(m + 1)x2 + 3(m2 + 1)x + m3 + 1 () v trc honh.
C y0 = 3x2 + 6(m + 1)x + 3(m2 + 1) Thc hin php chia y cho y0 ta c

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1
m+1
y=
.y0 2mx + m3 m2
x+
3
3
Suy ra pt ng thng i qua 2 cc tri l y = 2mx + m3 m2
pt (1) c mt nghim duy
nht th th hm s () ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht
0
18m
0
8 0

0
()

18m 8 > 0
>0
(2mxcd + m3 m2 )(2mxct + m3 m2 ) > 0
ycd .yct > 0

x + x = 2(m + 1)
ct
cd
Theo vi-et th:
xcd .xct = m2 + 1

m
2

9
m

2
9 m
Lc hpt () tr thnh:

m >
2
9

m>
4m2 (m2 + 1) + (m 1)2 m3 (4m + 1) > 0
9
Vy m pt cho lun c mt nghim duy nht.
Bi 38.
Trch hc sinh gii ca Thi Bnh nm 2008 - 2009
Gi d l ng thng qua M(2; 0) v c h s gc k.
Tm k d ct th (C) : y = |x|3 3|x| 2 ti 4 im phn bit.
Gii
Bi 39.
Trch hc sinh gii ca Thi Bnh nm 2009 - 2010
Tm m im A(3; 5) nm trn ng thng ni 2 im cc tr ca th hm s
y = x3 3mx2 + 3(m + 6)x + 1
Gii
0
y = 3(x2 2mx + m + 6)
Hm s c 2 cc tr y0 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit 0 = m2 (m + 6) > 0 m (; 2) (3; +)
1
Ta c: y = (x m)y0 + 2(m2 + m + 6)x + m2 + 6m + 1
3
Honh 2 m cc tr ca hm s l nghim ca y0 = 0 nn tung 2 cc tr tho mn:
y = 2(m2 + m + 6)x + m2 + 6m + 1
Do y cng l pt thng i qua 2 im cc tr ca th hm s
Theo ta c: A(3; 5) (d): y = 2(m2 + m + 6)x + m2 + 6m + 1 5 = 6(m2 + m + 6) + m2 + 6m + 1
m=4
5m2 12m 32 = 0
8 i chiu k ta nhn m = 4
m=
5
Bi 40.
Trch hc sinh gii ca H Ni nm 2009 - 2010
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s y = (x 1)(x3 + x2 + 1) bit tip tuyn tip xc vi
th ti 2 im phn bit.
Gii
Ta cy = f (x) = x4 x2 + x 1 f 0 (x) = 4x3 2x + 1
Gi (d) l tip tuyn tip xc vi th hm s ti hai tip im A(a; f (a)), B(b; f (b)), a 6= b
f (b) f (a)
Ta c f 0 (a) = f 0 (b) =
v u l hsg ca ng thng (d)
ba
f 0 (a) = f 0 (b) 4a3 2a + 1 = 4b3 2b + 1
(a 1)(2(a2 + ab + b2 ) 1) = 0 2(a2 + ab + b2 ) 1 = 0 (1)(do a 6= b)
f (b) f (a)
f 0 (a) + f 0 (b)
f (b) f (a)
T ta c f 0 (a) =

=
ba
2
ba

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www.MATHVN.com

(4a3 2a + 1) + (4b3 2b + 1)
= (a2 + b2 )(a + b) (a + b) + 1

2
2(a3 + b3 ) (a + b) + 1 = (a2 + b2 )(a + b) (a + b) + 1
1
(a + b)(a b)2 = 0 a = b thay vo (1) ta c a = .
2
n y l suy ra c PTtt (d)
Bi 41.
Cho hm s y = x3 2(m + 2)x2 + 7(m + 1)x 3m 12 (1) (m l tham s). Tm m th hm s
(1) ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit c honh x1 ; x2 ; x3 tha x12 + x22 + x32 + 3x1 x2 x3 > 53
Gii
Bi 42.
Trch hc sinh gii Nng 2010
Vi mi tham s m R, gi (Cm ) l th ca hm s: y = x3 (3m 1)x2 + 2m(m 1)x + m2 (1).
CMR: khi m thay i, ng thng (m ) : y = mx m2 lun ct (Cm ) ti mt im A c honh khng
i. Tm m (m ) cn ct (Cm ) ti hai im na khc A v tip tuyn ca (Cm ) ti hai im song
song vi nhau.
Gii
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm ) v ng thng m
x3 (3m 1)x2 + 2m(m" 1)x + m2 = mx m2
x=1
(x 1)(x2 3mx + 2m2 ) = 0
f (x) = x2 3mx + 2m2 = 0()
Vi x = 1 y = m m2 A(1; m m2 ) c nh
m ct (Cm ) ti 2 im B,C
khc im A th pt () phi c 2 nghim phn bit xB ; xC khc 1


= 9m2 8m2 > 0
1
(i)

m 6= 0; ; 1
f (1) = 1 3m + 2m2 6= 0
2

x + x = 3m
B
C
Lc theo vi-et c:
xB .xC = 2m2
Tip tuyn ti B c h s gc kB = 3xB2 2(3m 1)xB + 2m(m 1)
Tip tuyn ti C c h s gc kC = 3xC2 2(3m 1)xC + 2m(m 1)
V tip tuyn ti B,C song song nn kB = kC
3xB2 2(3m 1)xB + 2m(m 1) = 3xC2 2(3m 1)xC + 2m(m 1)
2
3(xB + xC ) = 2(3m + 1) v xB 6= xC 3m = 2 m = tha k (i)
3
2
Vy m = l gi tr cn tm.
3
Bi 43.
Cho hm s y = x3 2x2 + (m 2)x + 3m
tham s). Tm m tip tuyn c h s gc nh nht
 (m l 
55
ca th hm s cho i qua im A 1;
27
Gii
ta c : tip tuyn hm bc 3 c h s gc nh nht chnh l tip tuyn ti im un ca th (C) ch l
ci ny ch l nhn xt vi cc bn hc chng trnh c ) cn vi chng trnh mi th ta s phi thm 1
t nh sau : y0 = 3x2 4x + m 2 tip tuyn c h s gc nh nht tng ng vi vic l ta phi tm c
im m ti th y0min t y0 = g(x) ta c : g0 (x) = 6x 4


2
2
2 11m 52
0
g (x) = 0 x = lp bng bin thin th s thy ngay gmin (x) khi x = . im un I =
;

3
3
3 3
27

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10
2
11m 52
phng trnh tip tuyn ti im un l : y = m
x
+

(d)
3
3
3
27


1
1
10 1 11m
+
=
m=
v im a (d) nn ta c phng trnh m
3 3
3
9
4
Bi 44.
x+2
c th l (H). Tm im M thuc (H) sao cho tip tuyn ti M ct 2 ng
Cho hm s y =
x1
tim cn ca (H) ti 2 im A, B sao cho ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c bn knh nh nht vi
I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn.
Gii
2 ng tim cn l x = 1, y = 1 Giao 2 ng tim cn l I(1; 1) Gi M(xo ; yo ) Suy ra phng trnh
3(x xo ) xo + 2
tip tuyn ti M l: y =
+
Phng trnh tip tuyn ct 2 ng tim cn ti 2 im:
(xo 1)2
xo 1
xo + 5
), B(2xo 1; 1)
A(1;
xo 1

(x 1)2 = (x 2xo + 1)2

AO2 = IO2

Gi tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABI l O(x; y)

(y 1)2 = (y xo + 5 )2
BO2 = IO2
xo 1

x = xo
y = xo + 2
xo 1
xo + 2
9
9
Vy O(xo ;
) R2 = IO2 = (xo 1)2 +
Theo c-si: (xo 1)2 +
6
2
xo 1
(xo 1)
(xo 1)2

x
=
1
+
3,
x
=
1

3
Vy Rmin = 6 (xo 1)2 =
o
o
(xo 1)2

3+ 3

33
M(1 + 3; ), M(1 3; )
3
3
Bi 45.
Cho hm: y = x4 + 4mx3 + 3 (m + 1) x2 + 1. Tm m hm s c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
Gii


0 (x) = 2 2x3 + 6mx2 + 3(m + 1)x = 2x(2x2 + 6mx + 3m + 3)
iu kin: x
R
Khi
:
f
(
x=0
f 0 (x) = 0
2x2 + 6mx + 3m + 3 = 0(1)
v f 0 (x) = 0 c x = 0 l 1 nghim nn f (x) ch c cc tiu th (1) c 1 nghim kp hoc v nghim tc
0 "0 (3m)2 2(3m
+ 3) 0 3m2 2m 2 0
#

1 7 1+ 7
m
;
3
3
Bi 46.
Trch thi th Trung Gi ln 3
x+1
Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng: d : 2mx 2y + m + 1 = 0 ct th hm s y =
ti 2 im
2x + 1
phn bit A, B sao cho biu thc: P = OA2 + OB2 t gi tr nh nht.
Gii
xt phng trnh tng giao gia (d) v (C) :
m+1
x+1
m1
mx +
=
2mx2 + 2mx +
= 0 (1)
2
2x + 1
2
1
hm s c 2 cc tr (1) c 2 nghim phn bit tho mn x1 6= x2 6=
m>0
2

2

m 1
m 1
1
1
(1) 2x x +
=
x1 =
v x2 =

2
4m
2m 2
2m 2

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m 1 1
m 1 1
m
m
ta c :
A=
; B=
; +
;
2m 2 2
m
2m 2 2
m
2 + 2m + 1
4m
d dng tnh c
P = OA2 + OB2 =
= f (m)
2m
7
1
xt hm f (m) trn (0; + ) ta c MIN f (m) = = f (
2
4
Bi 47.
x2 + x + 1
Cho hm: y =
Tm trn trc tung cc im m qua n ch c 1 ng tip tuyn n th
x1
hm s trn.
Gii
x2 + x + 1
3
Mx: D = R \ {1}. C y =
= x+2+
x1
x1
Xt im A(0; a) Oy. Phng trnh ng thng d iqua A c h s gc k: y = kx + a
3

x + 2 +
= kx + a (1)
x

1
d l tip tuyn ca th hm s cho th h pt :
c nghim.
3

1
=
k
(2)
(x 1)2
3
= k(x 1) + k + a (3)
T (1) c :x + 2 +
x1


3
1
k+a3
3
Thay (2) vo (3) c : x + 2 +
+k+a
= (x 1) 1
=
(4)
2
x1
(x 1)
x1
6


k+a3 2
= k 36 3(k + a 3)2 = 36k
Thay (4) vo (2) c :1 3
6
f (k) = k2 + 2(a + 3)k + a2 6a 3 = 0 ()
t A k ng 1 tip tuyn n th hm s cho th pt () c nghim kp khc 3 a hoc c 2 nghim
phn
bng 3 a
trong c 1 nghim
bit


0 = 0
12a + 12 = 0
a = 1
f

"



f (3 a) 6= 0
12a + 24 6= 0
a 6= 2
a = 1

0


a=2
f > 0
12a + 12 > 0
a > 1

f (3 a) = 0
12a + 24 = 0
f (a = 2)
Vy c 2 im A tha yu cu bi ton l A (0; 1) ; A (0; 2)
Bi 48.
mx 4m + 3
Cho hm s y =
(Cm )
xm
1) Tm im c nh ca h (Cm )
2) T cc im c nh ca h th vit cc ng thng i qua chng vi h s gc k =
tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng thng va lp v trc Ox
Gii
Gi K(xo ; yo ) l im c nh m th hm s lun i qua m 6= 1
mxo 4m + 3
Lc pt: yo =
c nghim m 6= 1
xo m
xo yo myo = mxo 4m + 3 , m 6= 1 (xo + yo
4)m
+ 3 xo yo = 0 , m 6= 1
x = 1
o

x + y 4 = 0
x = 4 y
yo = 3
o
o
o
o

3 xo yo = 0
y2 4yo + 3 = 0
xo = 3
o

yo = 1
Vy th hm s lun i qua 2 im c nh : K1 (1; 3) ; K2 (3; 1)

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18

3
tnh din
2

www.MATHVN.com
3

3
3
3
pt d1 : y = (x 1) + 3 = x +
2
2
2
2
3
3
7
3
Gi d2 l ng thng i qua K2 v c h s gc k = pt d2 : y = (x 3) + 1 = x
2
2
2
2
Nhn xt thy d1 ; d2 song song. Din
 hnh phng gii hn cn tnh chnh l din tch hnh thang
 tch
7
; 0 ; K4 = d1 Ox K4 (1; 0)
K1 K2 K3 K4 vi K3 = d2 Ox K3
3
(K1 K4 + K2 K3 ) h
C SK1 K2 K3 K4 =
2


3

7
 3 

10
13
2
= K1 K4 = 13; K2 K3 =
Vi h = d(d1 ,d2 ) = d(K1 ,d2 ) = s 
3
13
3 2
+ (1)2
2
!

13
10

13 +
3
13
20
Do SK1 K2 K3 K4 =
=
(vdt)
2
3
Bi 49.
Cho hm s y = x3 3(2m2 1)x2 + 3(m2 1)x + 1 m3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm ). Tm m
th (Cm ) c hai im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
Gii

x + x = 0
a
b
+) Gi 2 im cn tm l A = (xa ; ya ); B = (xb ; yb ) khi ta c
ya + yb = 0
Gi d1 l ng thng i qua K1 v c h s gc k =

t phng trnh 2 ta c : xa3 + xb3 3(2m2 1)(xa2 + xb2 ) + 3(m2 1)(xa + xb ) + 2 2m3 = 0
m3 1
6(2m2 1)xa xb + 2 2m3 = 0 (v xa + xb = 0) xa xb =
6m2 3
3
m 1
d thy xa ; xb lc ny l nghim ca phng trnh : X 2 + 2
= 0 (1)
6m 3
m3 1
c 2 im A; B th (1) c 2 nghim phn bit
<0
6m2 3
!
!
2
2

;1
gii bpt ta c m ;
2
2
Bi 50.
Cho hm s y = x4 + 2x2 1 (1) .Tm tt c cc im M thuc trc tung sao cho t c th k
c ba tip tuyn n th hm s (1).
Gii
Gi M(0; a), suy ra phng trnh tip tuyn ti M : y= kx + a
x4 + 2x2 1 = kx + a (1)
t M k c 3 tip tuyn n th hm s th
c 3 nghim phn bit.
4x3 + 4x = k
(2)
Th (2) vo (1), c: 3x4 2x2 1 = a
1
Xt f (x) = 3x4 2x2 1 f 0 (x) = 12x3 4x = 0 x = 0, x =
3
Lp BBT, ta thy vi x = 0, f (x) = 1 th g(x) = a giao vi f (x) ti 3 im phn bit, vy a = 1, vy
M(0; 1) l im cn tm

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