C vua

C vua
C vua

T bn tri, vua trng, xe v hu en, tt trng, m en v tng trng trong b cc qun c Staunton S ngi chi tui Thi gian chun b Thi gian chi 2 8 tr ln < 2 pht Thng thng: ~1 gi Theo lut FIDE: ~2 gi C nhanh: ~10 pht Khng Chin thut, Chin lc

May ri ngu nhin K nng

C vua, trc kia cn c gi l c quc t, l mt tr chi trn bn v l mt mn th thao tr tu cho 2 ngi chi. Ngy nay, c vua l mt trong nhng tr chi ph bin nht th gii vi hng triu ngi ti nh ring, trong cu lc b, trc tuyn, t xa v trong cc gii u. Tr chi ny din ra trn mt bng hnh vung, gi l bn c, gm 8 hng (nh s t 1 n 8) v 8 ct (nh s t a n h), to ra 64 hnh vung vi cc mu m v nht xen k nhau, vi mi ngi chi s c mu nht hng cui cng bn tay phi ca mnh khi ngi vo bn chi c. Mi ngi s bt u vn c vi 16 qun c v s ln lt i cc qun ca mnh sau khi i phng i xong mt nc (hon thnh nc i). Cc qun c ca mi bn bao gm 8 Tt , 2 M , 2 Tng , 2 Xe , 1 Hu v 1 Vua . Ngi cm qun trng lun l ngi i u tin; ngi kia cm qun en. Cc qun Hu v Xe c gi l qun nng, cn Tng v M c gi l qun nh. Truyn thng ca thi u c xut hin t th k th 16. Ngy nay, c vua c cng nhn l mt mn th thao chnh thc bi y ban Olympic Quc t. Kin tng C vua Th gii u tin, Wilhelm Steinitz ginh danh hiu nay nm 1886; Viswanathan Anand l kin tng hin ti. Cc nh l thuyt sng to ra rt nhiu chin thut v chin lc k t khi bt u c c vua. Nhiu kha cnh ngh thut c tm thy trong c th. Mt trong nhng mc tiu ban u ca cc nh khoa hc my tnh l to nn cc my tnh bit nh c vua. C vua ngy nay b nh hng r rng bi cc chng trnh chi c cng nh kh nng chi c trc tuyn. Nm 1997, Deep Blue tr thnh chng trnh u tin nh bi c mt kin tng th gii khi n nh bi Garry Kasparov.

C vua

Gii thiu

C vua. V tr cc qun khi bt u

C vua khng phi l mt tr chi may ri; n da thun ty vo chin thut v chin lc. Tuy th, tr chi ny rt phc tp n mc thm ch c nhng ngi chi hay nht cng khng th tnh ht tt c mi phng n: mc d ch c 64 v 32 qun c trn bn c nhng s lng nc i c th c th cn vt c s lng cc nguyn t c trong v tr (xem S Shannon). C vua l mt trong nhng tr chi tr tu ph bin nht th gii; n c ni n khng ch nh l mt tr chi m cn l ngh thut, khoa hc v th thao. C vua i khi c nhn nhn nh l tr chi chin tranh tru tng; cng nh l "cc cuc u tr tu", v vic chi c vua c coi nh l mt cch rn luyn t duy v bn lnh. C vua c chi tiu khin cng nh thi u trong cc cu lc b c vua, cc gii u, chi trc tuyn v chi theo cch gi th. Rt nhiu bin th v cc tr chi tng t nh c vua c chi trn ton th gii. Trong s ph bin nht theo trt t gim dn v s ngi chi l c tng ( Trung Quc, Vit Nam v.v), Shogi ( Nht Bn) v Janggi ( Triu Tin).

C vua

Lch s
Bi chnh: Ngun gc c vua Nhiu quc gia cho rng h l ni pht minh ra c vua trong dng phi thai no . Ph bin nht th ngi ta tin rng c vua c ngun gc t n , ti n c gi l chaturanga v c l ra i vo khong th k 6. Mt thuyt khc cho rng c vua sinh ra t tr chi tng t ca c Trung Quc, hoc t nht l t t tin ca c tng, l mn tn ti Trung Quc k t th k 2 TCN. Joseph Needham v David Li l hai trong s nhiu hc gi theo thuyt ny. C vua sau c ph bin v pha ty ti chu u v v pha ng ti Nht Bn, sinh ra cc bin th trn ng i ca n. T n n ti Ba T, y cc thut ng ca n c phin m sang ting Ba T v tn gi ca n i thnh chatrang.

T Ba T n i vo th gii Hi gio, ti y tn gi ca cc qun c ch yu vn gi cc dng Ba T trong thi k Hi gio ban u ca n. Tn gi ca n tr thnh shatranj, c phin theo ting Ty Ban Nha l ajedrez v trong ting Hy Lp l zatrikion, nhng trong phn ln cc nc chu u khc n c thay th bng phin bn Ba T ca t shh = "vua". C mt thuyt cho rng vic thay i tn din ra bi v trc khi c vua ti chu u th cc nh bun ti chu u v mang theo cc qun vua c trang tr nh l cc vt him v cng vi chng l tn gi shh, tn gi ny b ngi chu u pht m sai theo nhiu cch khc nhau. Chiu b: Trong ting Anh l checkmate l t dch ra ca cm t shh mt, trong ting Ba T c ngha l "vua ht ng". Trong ting Rp n c ngha l "shh b cht", nhng shh khng phi l mt t Rp thng dng ch "vua" (ngoi tr i khi trong c vua). Xe: Trong ting Anh l rook. N c c thng qua ting Rp t ch rukh trong ting Ba T, c ngha l "xe nga ko", nhng cng c ngha l "m" (mt phn ca mt) v cn c ngha l mt con chim huyn thoi vi sc mnh gi l roc. Tng: Trong ting Anh l bishop. Ting Rp al-fl (t ting Ba T pl) c ngha l "voi", nhng chu u v phn pha ty ca th gii Hi gio khi ngi ta bit rt t hoc khng bit g v voi v tn gi ca qun c n vi Ty u theo dng Latinh alfinus v tng t, mt t khng c ngha g (trong ting Ty Ban Nha, n tin ha thnh tn gi alfil). Tn gi bishop ca ngi Anh l mt s i tn c sng to ra theo hnh dng quy c ca n. Tuy th, ti Nga th tn gi ca qun c ny l slon = "voi". Hu: Trong ting Anh l queen. Ting Ba T farzn = vizia - quan chc cao cp trong th gii Hi gio c, tng t nh t tng tr thnh ting Rp firzn, n n chu u trong cc dng nh alfferza, fers v.v. nhng sau c thay th thnh "hu". Tr chi ny ph bin trong th gii Hi gio sau khi nhng ngi theo o Hi xm lc Ba T. C vua n Nga theo ng Mng C m ti ngi ta chi c vua t u th k 7. N c ngi Moor a vo Ty Ban Nha trong th k 10, v c miu t trong bn vit tay ni ting th k 13 v c vua, c th co v tr chi xc xc c tn gi Libro de los juegos. C vua cng i theo ng b xuyn qua Siberi ti Alaska.

Chng trai tr Ba T ang chi c vi hai ngi theo ui. Minh ha cho "Haft Awrang" (By ngai vng) ca Jami, trong truyn Cha ni vi con trai v tnh yu ti cc gian trng by Freer v Sackler, vin bo tng Smithsonian, Washington, DC.

C vua

Nguyn l chi
Cc quy tc ca c vua
Cc qun c vua Vua

Hu

Xe

Tng

Tt

C vua

Bi ton tm hu l mt vn v xp 8 qun hu vo bn c sao cho khng c qun no c th tn cng qun khc. y l mt trong 12 li gii.

c thm chi tit v ch ny, xem Quy tc c vua. Khi mt vn c vua bt u, mt ngi chi s cm qun en v ngi chi cn li cm qun trng. Vic chn la ai s cm qun en hay trng ph thuc vo th thc chi l gii tr hay thi u trong h thng c t chc. N c th l do hai ngi tha thun (gii tr) hoc do quyt nh ca trng ti trong gii u [1]. Bn cm qun trng lun lun c i trc v do c mt u th nh so vi bn cm qun en. Cc qun c cn phi xp trn bn c tiu chun vi nm hng cui cng bn tay phi ngi chi bao gi cng c mu nht. Cc qun c c nc i khc nhau. Xe (k hiu quc t R) di chuyn theo cc ng thng dc theo ct hay hng ti cn trng m khng c qun no cn trn ng i hay ti b qun i phng chim gi (n qun) nhng khng th vt qua qun ang ng . Ngoi l duy nht l trng hp nhp thnh. Khi n c th nhy qua qun Vua ca mnh ng cnh n. Ch c Xe mi c nc i nh th. Xem thm nhp thnh. Tng (k hiu quc t B) di chuyn theo ng cho ti c cng mu vi nguyn l tng t nh Xe ti cn trng hay b qun i phng chim gi (n qun). Hu (k hiu quc t Q) c nc i l t hp n gin ca chuyn ng ca Xe v Tng. Trong mt nc i n c th di chuyn theo ng cho hoc ng thng dc theo ct hay hng, vi nguyn l i v n qun ging nh Tng v Xe. M (k hiu quc t N) c th di chuyn ti cn trng hay b qun i phng chim gi (n qun) theo dng hnh ch L. Qun M khng b cn nh trong c tng. Tt (khng cn k hiu) c th di chuyn thng v pha trc ch mt mt ln ti cn trng (i m khng n qun), nhng khi di chuyn qun n qun i phng th i cho. V d, Tt trng ti c4 c quyn n qun i phng ti b5 hoc d5 nu mt trong hai ny c qun i phng chim hoc di chuyn xung c5 nu ny cn trng, tr hai trng hp sau: 1. N c th di chuyn 1 hoc 2 nu n i t v tr xut pht ban u ti cha b chim gi, nhng khng th nhy qua mt qun khc ti . V d Tt trng ti g2 c th i ti g3 hoc g4 nu y l nc i u tin ca n v cc ny cha b chim gi, nhng n khng th i ti g4 nu g3 c mt qun no chim gi. 2. Trong trng hp khi mt qun Tt no ca bn trng t ti hng 5 (v d ti e5) v qun Tt thuc mt trong hai ct ca bn en nm ngay bn cnh ct m Tt trng ny ang chim gi (trong trng hp cho l ct

C vua d v ct f) i t v tr xut pht u tin (d7 hay f7) nhy lin 2 ti d5/f5 th Tt trng ti v tr e5 ngay ti nc i sau c quyn n Tt en ti d5/f5 v di chuyn tip ti d6/f6. Quyn ny s t ng mt, nu ti nc i ngay sau qun trng di chuyn qun khc. Tng t nh vy cho Tt en khi n chim gi hng 4. y l trng hp m trong c vua ngi ta gi l bt tt qua ng (en passant). Tt cn mt c im na l khi n di chuyn n hng cui cng th ngi chi c quyn phong cp cho n thnh bt k qun nng hay nh no (Hu, Xe, Tng, M). Vua (k hiu quc t l K) l qun quan trng nht, nu mt Vua th ngi chi thua cuc. Mi ln i n c th n qun hoc di chuyn sang cc bao quanh m n hin ti ang chim gi, nhng khng th ti m qun ca mnh ang chim gi hay cc b qun i phng kim sot. Ngoi l duy nht l trng hp nhp thnh. Khi n c th di chuyn qua hai ng thi vi vic di chuyn qun Xe ca mnh qun Xe ng bn cnh n v pha ct trung tm. K hiu ca nhp thnh l 0-0 (nhp thnh gn) v 0-0-0 (nhp thnh xa). Xem thm nhp thnh. Lu : Khi thc hin nhp thnh trn thc t, theo lut ca FIDE, bao gi cng phi di chuyn Vua trc v thc hin bng mt tay duy nht. Khi n qun i phng, qun tn cng s di chuyn ti v thay th cho qun i phng ti v tr ny, bt tt qua ng (en passant) l ngoi l duy nht. Qun b n c loi ra khi bn c. Vua khng th khng bo v khi nc chiu, do khi b chiu th ngi chi phi thc hin cc bin php nhm cu Vua (di chuyn Vua khi v tr b chiu, n qun ang chiu hay dng qun khc ca mnh cn ng chiu nu c th). Nu khng th c nc i cu Vua th ngi chi b chiu b v thua cuc. Cc vn c khng phi bao gi cng kt thc bng chiu b. C th mt bn xin thua, c th thua do ht gi hoc phm lut chi. C th xy ra cc vn c ha. Mt vn c vua l ha khi: do tha thun ca hai bn do khng bn no dm mo him hay khi khng lc lng chiu ht, ri vo trng thi ht nc i (stalemate), c hai bn lp li nc i ba ln hay lut 50 nc i (perpetual check).

Chin lc v chin thut

c thm chi tit, xem Chin lc v chin thut c vua. Khai cuc l mt lot cc nc i lc bt u chi, thng thng l c ghi nh sn, iu ny gip cho ngi chi xy dng cc th ng v pht trin qun chun b cho giai on trung cuc. Cc th khai cuc thng thng c xy dng trn nguyn tc chim gi phn trung tm bn c (gm 4 trung tm e4, e5, d4 v d5), pht trin qun, bo v vua v to ra mt cu trc tt mnh. Quan im ca c vua hin i cho rng vic kim sot trung tm khng ch l bng cc Tt m cn nh sc mnh ca cc qun khc. Mt cch rt quan trng bo v Vua v trin khai nhanh qun Xe l nhp thnh nhm a Vua vo v tr kh b tn cng, tuy nhin khng phi trong bt k vn c no cng cn nhp thnh. Xem thm Danh sch cc khai cuc c vua c thm thng tin.

C vua

Qun M en ti e6 b ghim vi qun vua ca n c8 bi qun Tng Trng f5 v qun M Trng b ghim (ging) vi Vua Trng b1.

Vic lng gi qun c l mt phn quan trng khi thc hin vic i qun trong c vua. Cc lng gi khc nhau khng ng k trong cc sch dy chi c vua, nhng ni chung th ngi ta cho rng Hu tr gi 9 im, Xe tr gi 5 im, Tng v M u tr gi 3 im v Tt tr gi 1 im. Do vic mt Vua tng ng vi thua c nn gi tr ca n l v hn, trong c tn n khong 3,5 im. Trong lp trnh c vua, thng ngi ta cho Vua mt gi tr rt ln no (chng hn 2000 im). Gi tr thc s v tm quan trng ca qun c thc ra l khng th ch gn n gin nh vy do n cn ph thuc vo th c. V d mt qun Xe ang nm v tr xu khng c gi tr bng mt con M ang c th ng tt. Nu mt ngi chi thc hin vic th qun (cho php i phng bt qun c tr gi cao ca mnh) th thng thng h s b qua cc gi tr danh nh dnh cho qun i ly cc u th v chin lc hay u th v v tr ca cc qun ang tn cng. Mt s nguyn l c bn v th c ph bin i vi phn ln cc chin thut c v by c nh: Na [cn gi l n i] (ting Anh : fork) l mt tnh hung khi mt qun di chuyn ti v tr m n uy hip hai hay nhiu qun ca i phng cng mt lc. N thng thng l rt kh cho i phng bo v c hai qun ca mnh trong cng mt nc i. Ghim [cn gi l ging qun] (ting Anh : pin) cng c th s dng ngn chn i phng di chuyn qun bng cch e da gin tip bt k qun no ng sau qun b ghim nu qun b ghim di chuyn. Xin (ting Anh :skewer) l mt tnh hung ngc vi ghim khi qun c gi tr cao hn ang b tn cng v n li ng trc qun t gi tr. Mt loi hnh khc l mt qun di chuyn ra khi v tr m n ang ng m ng cho qun khc tn cng gi l "m ng bt qun". Cc nguyn l chin thut khc cn c: nc trung gian (dch ca zwischenzug trong ting c, c ngha l khi mt bn e da tn cng mt mc tiu no , thay v bo v mc tiu th i phng phn cng vo mc tiu khc nhm gim p lc ln cc qun ang b tn cng ca mnh), xi chn (tc l khi qun i phng c bo v bng t lc lng hn so vi lc lng tn cng th ngi ta thng tm cch i qun thu c u th v lc lng, ch yu l nh vo cc qun bo v nh mt s rng buc bo v ca chng), qu ti (tc l khi mt qun b hm vo th phi chng v bo v nhiu mc tiu) v che mt (khi ngi chi di chuyn mt qun vo v tr m nu i phng bt qun bng bt k qun no u dn n tnh trng m lc lng ca ngi s c li th hn hn trong cc nc i tip sau nh phong Tt thnh Hu, bt c qun c gi tr hn do n b mt s bo v). Trong qu trnh tn cuc cc Tt v Vua tr nn tng i mnh hn do khi lc lng qun nng v nh ca c hai bn u suy gim r rt. C hai bn khi u c xu hng di chuyn Tt tht nhanh nhm phong cp cho n. Nu mt ngi chi c u th r rt v lc lng th vic chiu b ch l vn thi gian v vn c s kt thc nhanh

C vua chng, nhng nu vn c l tng i cn bng v lc lng th vic nm chin thut c tn l rt quan trng. Trong cc gii c tnh gi th vic kim sot nhp (thi gian cho mi nc i) l cc k quan trng khi cn t qun trn bn c. Trong nhiu trng hp, ngi chi c u th v lc lng nhng li thua c do ht thi gian. Ngoi ra khi lc lng khng chiu b v c hai thc hin s nc i quy nh theo thi gian m khng c s di chuyn qun Tt th vn c dn n ha. V d ngi chi cn 1 Vua v 2 M th trong phn ln cc trng hp khng th chiu b i phng ch cn 1 Vua (c mt th ngoi l).

Cc bin th ca hnh thc chi

Bn cnh th thc chun ca c vua cn ph bin nhiu th thc khc trong cc cuc chi c. C nhanh l mt th thc ca c vua trong thi gian chi b gii hn cho mi ngi chi trong mt khong ngn. Ni chung mi bn ch c t 3 n 15 pht (5 pht l ph bin nht) cho ton b cc nc i. Th thc nhanh hn l c chp. Thi gian y t hn 3 pht. C nhanh i hi ngi chi phi suy ngh nhanh nu khng h c th thua v ht gi. Khi chi c nhanh cc my tnh c u th hn so vi ngi. Khi hai ngi xa nhau h vn c kh nng chi c vi nhau. C th tn l loi hnh c vua c chi thng qua th t, th in t hay cc my ch c vua th tn c bit. Ngy nay, c vua thng thng c chi trn Internet thng qua Cu lc b c vua Internet, Yahoo! Games hay cc my ch khc.

C vua hin i
Ban u cc qun c ca ngi chu u c nhiu gii hn v nc i. Tng ch c th i bng cch nhy chnh xc qua 2 theo ng cho, Hu ch c th di chuyn theo ng cho l mt , Tt khng th di chuyn 2 trong nc i u tin ca n v khng c nhp thnh. Cui th k 15, cc quy tc hin i i vi cc nc i c bn c chp nhn t : qun Tt c kh nng i hai nu ang v tr xut pht (nhy) v kh nng bt qun theo kiu "bt tt qua ng" (en passant), Tng c c nc i nh ngy nay v Hu tr thnh qun mnh nht; do c vua hin i Mt b c vua thit k kiu Staunton in hnh v ng h. c ni n nh l "c ca qun Hu", "c Hu in". Tr chi ny k t gn ging nh c ngy nay. Cc quy tc hin nay c hon thin xong vo u th k 19, ngoi tr cc iu kin chnh xc l mt c ha. Thit k qun c ph bin nht l b c "Staunton", c Nathaniel Cook to ra nm 1849, c mt k th hng u vo thi l Howard Staunton ph bin v c Lin on c vua th gii chnh thc cng nhn nm 1924. T chc quc t v c l FIDE, t chc gii v ch th gii trong hng chc nm. Xem Gii v ch c vua th gii c thm chi tit v hiu su thm v lch s ca n. Phn ln cc quc gia cng c t chc c vua quc gia. Mc d hin nay c vua khng phi l mt mn th thao trong Th vn hi, nhng n c Th vn hi c vua ring (Olympiad c vua), t chc 2 nm mt ln theo th thc thi u ng i.

C vua

K hiu
Cho n nhng nm 1970, t nht l ti cc nc ni ting Anh, cc cuc u c vua c ghi chp li v xut bn bng cch s dng k hiu c vua miu t. N c thay th bng k hiu c vua i s c ng hn. Mt s loi k hiu khc c sinh ra, da trn c s k hiu c vua i s, ghi chp cc vn c trong cc nh dng ph hp vi cc x l trn my tnh. Trong s , Portable Game Notation (PGN, K php trn u kh chuyn) l ph bin nht. Bn ngoi vic ghi li cc vn c cn c k hiu Forsyth-Edwards ghi li cc th c bit. N c ch nhm tm hon vn c c th hi phc li sau ny hoc chuyn cc vn v th c m khng cn c biu .

C vua trn my tnh

Bi chnh: C vua my tnh tng l tr chi tr tu ch dnh cho con ngi, ngy nay c vua c c ngi ln my tnh chi. u tin, vic my tnh chi c ch l iu hiu k, nhng hin nay cc chng trnh c vua tt nht - nh Shredder, Fritz v.v. tr nn mnh hn con ngi, c bit l trong c nhanh, k c khi n c chy trn cc my tnh thng thng. Garry Kasparov, khi cn l s mt th gii v c vua, chi mt trn u 6 vn vi my tnh chi c ca IBM c tn gi l Deep Blue trong thng 2 nm 1996. Deep Blue gy sc c th gii khi thng vn u tin trong Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1996, Vn 1, nhng Kasparov thng trn khi thng 3 v ha 2 vn tip theo.
Mt vn c chng vnh c tn "C Berger"

Trn ti u 6 vn din ra thng 5 nm 1997 c phn thng nghing v my (v thc t l mt Deep Blue ci tin) v sau IBM tuyn b cho ngh. Trong thng 10 nm 2002, Vladimir Kramnik ha trong mt trn u 8 vn vi chng trnh Deep Fritz. Nm 2003, Kasparov ha c trn 6 vn vi chng trnh Deep Junior trong thng 2, v trn 4 vn vi X3D Fritz trong thng 11. My tnh chi c Hydra l hu du c tr tu ca Deep Blue; v c l n mnh hn Deep Blue. Thng 6 nm 2005, Hydra thng oanh lit trn s 7 th gii khi [2] l i kin tng Michael Adams trong mt trn u 6 vn vi t s 5,5-0,5. Tht bi ca Kasparov trc Deep Blue sinh ra mt tng sng to nhng bin th c vua trong tr tu con ngi c th vt tri so vi kh nng tnh ton ca my tnh v c gng ca lp trnh vin. C th l Arimaa, cng c chi trn bn c tiu chun 88, l mt loi tr chi m trong con ngi c th nh bi nhng c gng cao nht ca cc lp trnh vin, thm ch ngay c khi chi rt nhanh.

C vua

10

Cc bin th ca c vua
c thm thng tin, xem Bin th c vua. Cc bin th ca c vua c to ra t c vua nhng y tr chi ny c chi trn cc bn c khc, c bit l qun c k d hay cc quy lut khc. C trn 1.500 bin th khc nhau. Bobby Fischer nhn mnh tm quan trng cc bin th v pht minh ra C vua ngu nhin Fischer (FRC) trong l khai mc c vua thng thng nm 1996. C vua ngu nhin Fischer v cc bin th khc vi cc v tr khi u khc nhau c to ra bng cch xo trn v tr nguyn thy cho tng vn. Xem thm Danh sch cc bin th.

C vua Vit Nam hin ti

Cn c theo bng xp hng ca FIDE thng 10 nm 2009

Top 5 k th nam
V tr 1 2 3 4 5 H tn L Quang Lim Nguyn Ngc Trng Sn Cao Sang o Thin Hi Nguyn Anh Dng [3] Danh hiu g g g g g im ELO 2689 2628 2547 2512 2508

Cp nht 17.11.2010

Top 5 k th n
V tr 1 2 3 4 5 H tn Phm L Tho Nguyn L Thanh T Nguyn Th Thanh An Hong Th Bo Trm Nguyn Th Mai Hng Danh hiu wm wg wg wg wm im ELO 2337 2316 2300 2271 2253

Cp nht 17.11.2010

Ch thch danh hiu

C vua

11

Vit tt g wg wm wf

Danh hiu i kin tng quc t i kin tng quc t n Kin tng quc t n Kin tng FIDE n

K lc ca c vua Vit Nam

o Thin Hi l i kin tng u tin ca Vit Nam v l k th Vit Nam u tin v ch mt gii th gii (gii tr U16 th gii). Nguyn Ngc Trng Sn l k th tr nht Vit Nam khi t c danh hiu i kin tng quc t v l mt trong hn 10 k th trn th gii t c danh hiu ny khi cha ti 15 tui (14 tui 10 thng) (thng 12 nm 2004).

Tham kho
^ Hng dn c vua ca Mark Weeks ti About.com [4] Tarrasch, Siegbert (1994). The Game of Chess. Algebraic Edition. Hays Publishing. ISBN 1-880673-94-0. Wolff, Patrick (1991). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Chess, 3rd Edition. Alpha Books. ISBN 1-59257-316-9. Hooper, David and Kenneth Whyld (1992). The Oxford Companion to Chess, 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866164-9. Ti bn: (1996) ISBN 0-19-280049-3

Tng quan
L thuyt khai cuc trong sch Wiki v c vua [5] Website chnh thc ca FIDE [6] Cc quy tc chnh thc ca FIDE [7] Website chnh thc ca ECU [8] Tin tc c vua ca Chessbase [9] Tp ch c vua ca Anh [10] Gii quyt cc vn tng tc trong c vua [11] lin kt ti tp hp cc tr chi c vua c th ti min ph [12] C vua trc tuyn t do [13] C vua trc tuyn t do [14] C s d liu v cng ng c vua trc tuyn [15] Ch gii cc vn v cc bi ging ca cc kin tng [16] Trang v cc bin th c vua [17] Cc qun c vua k d [18] ca Tim Krabb Trang c vua ca Bill Wall [19] Trang c vua Ed's Ever [20] - bi ging, cc vn , bim ha, hi hc, nh, cu v.v. WikiTeX chess [21] - H tr sa cc vn c trc tip trong cc bi Wiki. Chi c trc tuyn [22] Chi c trc tuyn [23] Cng c c vua cho ngi lp Web [24] Lin on tr chi my tnh quc t [25] C vua trc tuyn GameKnot [26] Chi c vua trc tuyn min ph [27]

C vua Ngh thut c vua [28] Lu tr c vua ca Pitt Chess [29] Tin mi v c vua v chi c tr tu nhn to (AI) [30] nh c nh th no? [31] Dnh cho nhng ngi tp chi. nh v bn v qun c. [32] nh s dng t do trong cc n phm v cc website v c vua. C Vua Vit Nam [33] Chi C Vua trc tuyn vi ngi Vit.

12

Cc phn mm c th ti v
Ch yu ti SCID,PGN hay CBF. Trc tuyn theo nm, ngi chi, khai cuc cho cc vn c v.v. [34] Tm kim theo khai cuc, ngi chi, kt qu, v tr v.v [35] Cc th loi tr chi theo m ca ECO. [36] (ting Php) Tm cc vn c gn y nht [37] Sch khai cuc ca Chessbase [38] Cc ngun s dng [39] Lu tr v c vua ca International Correspondance Chess Federation [40].

Phn mm c vua min ph

Lin kt ti tp hp cc chng trnh c vua [41] Chessopolis: C vua my tnh [42] C vua [43] ChessBase Light [44] Cc cu thng hi v c vua ca Aaron's Chess Engines [45]

Cc t chc
Hng dn hc c vua dnh cho tr em [46] Lin on C Vit Nam [47] The International Correspondence Chess Federation [40] Free Internet Correspondence Chess & Go Server [48] Lin on c vua M [49] Lin on c vua my tnh Thy in [50] (C tp hp cc vn c)

Ch thch
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ C%E1%BB%9D_vua#endnote_AboutChess [2] http:/ / www. fide. com/ ratings/ toparc. phtml?cod=77 [3] http:/ / ratings. fide. com/ topfed. phtml?ina=1& country=VIE [4] http:/ / chess. about. com/ cs/ beginners/ f/ blfaqb14. htm [5] http:/ / en. wikibooks. org/ wiki/ Chess/ Opening_Theory [6] http:/ / www. fide. com [7] http:/ / www. fide. com/ official/ handbook. asp?level=EE101 [8] http:/ / www. eurochess. org [9] http:/ / www. chessbase. com/ [10] http:/ / www. bcmchess. co. uk [11] http:/ / www. satranc. net/ yarisma/ giris. asp [12] http:/ / www. chessgameslinks. lars-balzer. info [13] http:/ / www. chesshere. com [14] http:/ / www. chessworld. net [15] http:/ / www. chessgames. com/ [16] http:/ / www. chessclub. com/ chessfm/

C vua
[17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] http:/ / www. chessvariants. org http:/ / www. xs4all. nl/ ~timkr/ chess/ chess. html http:/ / www. geocities. com/ SiliconValley/ Lab/ 7378/ chess. htm http:/ / www. edcollins. com/ chess http:/ / wikisophia. org/ wiki/ Wikitex_Chess http:/ / www. instantchess. com http:/ / www. yourturnmyturn. com http:/ / www. correspondencechess. com/ webmaster/ http:/ / www. cs. unimaas. nl/ icga/ http:/ / gameknot. com/ http:/ / javachess. laadhari. com/ http:/ / artofchess. squarespace. com/ http:/ / www. pitt. edu/ ~schach/ Archives/ index2. html http:/ / www. accoonachess. com/ http:/ / www. chessdryad. com/ education/ magictheater/ index. htm http:/ / www. freedigitalphotos. net/ thumbnails. php?album=222 http:/ / www. covua. vn/ http:/ / www. chesslive. de/ http:/ / www. chesslab. com http:/ / www. notzai. com/ notzai/ regence/ regence. shtml http:/ / www. chesscenter. com/ twic/ twic. html http:/ / www. chesslib. no/ ftp:/ / ftp. cis. uab. edu/ pub/ hyatt/ http:/ / www. iccf. com/ http:/ / www. enpassant. dk/ chess/ softeng. htm http:/ / www. chessopolis. com/ cchess. htm http:/ / www. tim-mann. org/ chess. html http:/ / www. chessbase. com/ download/ index. asp?cat=ChessBase+ Light http:/ / www. aarontay. per. sg/ Winboard/ http:/ / www. hoccovua. com/ http:/ / www. vietnamchess. com/ http:/ / www. ficgs. com/ http:/ / www. uschess. org/ http:/ / web. telia. com/ ~u85924109/ ssdf/ ssdf. htm

13

Ngun v ngi ng gp vo bi

14

Ngun v ngi ng gp vo bi
C vua Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=3848176 Ngi ng gp: Avia, Biabiabia, Casablanca1911, Chauchess, Chessbase, Chien, Conbo, Cotuongvn, Ctmt, DHN, DXLINH, Doanmanhtung.sc, Gsh, Langtucodoc, Lhboi, Lu Ly, Magg Augusta 3, Mekong Bluesman, Mxn, Newone, Palpeta, Paris, Porcupine, Pq, Tac ke, Thi Nhi, Tran Quoc123, Trn Nguyn Minh Huy, Tttrung, Vietbio, Vinhtantran, V K, Vng Ngn H, 44 sa i v danh

Ngun, giy php, v ngi ng gp vo hnh

Tp tin:ChessSet.jpg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:ChessSet.jpg Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: Andrew69., BrokenSegue, Dbenbenn, Interpretix, Roberto Cruz, 2 sa i v danh Tp tin:chess pdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess pld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, It Is Me Here, Klin Tp tin:chess ndl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_ndl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: ArsniureDeGallium, Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess nld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_nld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Nyrk, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess bdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Lokal Profil, Nyrk Tp tin:chess bld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin Tp tin:chess rdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Lokal Profil Tp tin:chess rld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess qdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess qld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess kdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_kdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:chess kld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_kld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Hnh:chess_zhor_26.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_zhor_26.png Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: It Is Me Here, Klin Hnh:chess_zver_26.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_zver_26.png Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: Andrejj, Falcorian, It Is Me Here, Klin, Ysangkok Image:chess_rdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Lokal Profil Image:chess_ndd44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_ndd44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Lokal Profil Image:chess_bdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Lokal Profil, Nyrk Image:chess_qdd44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qdd44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_kdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_kdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_bdd44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bdd44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin Image:chess_ndl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_ndl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: ArsniureDeGallium, Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_rdd44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rdd44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_pdd44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pdd44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Luinfana, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_pdl44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pdl44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_ l44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_l44.png Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: Falcorian, Franois Haffner, Gengiskanhg, It Is Me Here, Klin, Luinfana, Paradoctor Image:chess_ d44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_d44.png Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: Falcorian, Franois Haffner, Gengiskanhg, It Is Me Here, Klin, Luinfana, Paradoctor Image:chess_pll44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pll44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_pld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, It Is Me Here, Klin Image:chess_rld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_nll44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_nll44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Bryan Derksen, Gengiskanhg, J.delanoy, Klin, Thire, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_bld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin Image:chess_qll44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qll44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_kld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_kld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_bll44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bll44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Platonides Image:chess_nld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_nld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Nyrk, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_rll44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rll44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe

Ngun, giy php, v ngi ng gp vo hnh

Tp tin:Youth at chess with suitors - Haft Awrang.jpg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Youth_at_chess_with_suitors_-_Haft_Awrang.jpg Giy php: Public Domain Ngi ng gp: AndreasPraefcke, Bibi Saint-Pol, Cbigorgne, Erri4a, Fg68at, G.dallorto, Haiduc, Mani1, Mattes, 2 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess kdt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_kdt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess klt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_klt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess qdt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qdt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess qlt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qlt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess rdt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rdt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess rlt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_rlt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess bdt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_bdt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess blt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_blt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess ndt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_ndt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess nlt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_nlt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess pdt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_pdt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Hnh:Chess plt45.svg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_plt45.svg Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Antonsusi, Cburnett, Sarang, 1 sa i v danh Image:chess___l44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_l44.png Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: Falcorian, Franois Haffner, Gengiskanhg, It Is Me Here, Klin, Luinfana, Paradoctor Image:chess___d44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_d44.png Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: Falcorian, Franois Haffner, Gengiskanhg, It Is Me Here, Klin, Luinfana, Paradoctor Image:chess_qld44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_qld44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Image:chess_kll44.png Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Chess_kll44.png Giy php: GNU General Public License Ngi ng gp: Gengiskanhg, Klin, Trockennasenaffe Tp tin:Staunton chess set.jpg Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:Staunton_chess_set.jpg Giy php: Public Domain Ngi ng gp: Lee Daniel Crocker Tp tin:AnimECHECS-Le-coup-du-Berger.gif Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tp_tin:AnimECHECS-Le-coup-du-Berger.gif Giy php: GNU Free Documentation License Ngi ng gp: User:MG

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Giy php
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/