Lale - Thesis Fracture Face Interference of Finite Conductivity Fractured Wells Using Numerical Simulation

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
GRADUATE COLLEGE
FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE OF FINITE CONDUCTIVITY FRACTURED

WELLS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
A THESIS
SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
By
SVJETLANA LALE
Norman, Oklahoma
2008
FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE OF FINITE CONDUCTIVITY FRACTURED

WELLS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
A THESIS APROVED FOR THE

MEWBOURNE SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
BY
_______________________________
Dr. Jeffrey G. Callard Chair
_______________________________
Dr. Djebbar Tiab
_______________________________
Dr. Samuel Osisanya
_______________________________
Dr. Dean S. Oliver
Copyright by SVJETLANA LALE 2008

All Rights Reserved.
iv
Acknowledgments
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Callard G. Jeffrey for
his guidance through my studies. He provided me with excellent environment and
opportunity to work and think as petroleum engineer. He impressed me with his brilliant
ideas and hard work in academic research. I learned from him about importance of
application of new technologies to research and industry and also to recognize the
problem, analyze, and solve it. Special thanks to him for giving me opportunity to
participate in the Devon Project on fractured shale gas reservoir, which supported my
thesis.
Many thanks to Dr. Tiab Djebbar for guiding me through well test analysis problems
and providing me with good knowledge in that field.
Especial thanks to Dr. Dean Oliver and Dr. Osisanya Samuel for serving as my
committee members and supporting my study.
I am grateful to the group of Dr. Dean Oliver assistants who helped me to find the right
direction in Eclipse software usage and make this research study much easier.
A lot of appreciation to the MPGE faculty and stuff Dr Faruk Civan, Robert A.
Hubbard, Dr Chandra Rai, Sonya Grant, Shalli Young, Mona Troxell, Cynthia Willis, to
make these two years happy and fruitful.
I give a huge appreciation to my parents Stoja and Milinko Lale and my family Jelenka
and Muhamed Kuburic, Hana Kulosman, and friends for their support and unlimited
love.
vi
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments .
iv
Table of Content ...
vi
List of Tables xvi

List of Figures ... xvii
Abstract . xxi
1.
INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1.
From Conventional to Unconventional Reservoirs .
1.2.
Tight Gas Reservoirs ...
1.3.
Shale Gas Reservoirs .......
1.4.
Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation ....
1.5.
Fractures Types ...
1.6.
Fracture Flow Regimes ...
1.7.
Problem Statement ......
10
1.8.
Thesis Organization ....
11
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND TYPE CURVES .
13
2.1.
Historical Background
13
2.2.
Agarwal Finite Conductivity Type Curves ....
17
2.3.
Bennett Finite Conductivity Type Curves .
19
vii
3. NUMERICAL MODELING VERTICAL WELL ...
4.
23
3.1.
Steps For Type Curve Development .... 23
3.2.
Numerical Model ......... 23

3.2.1.
Reservoir Discretization Into The Blocks ..
24
3.2.2.
Data Input of Fluid and Reservoir Properties ....
30
3.2.3.
Other Data Included in Numerical Model ..
30
3.2.4.
Time Steps ......
32
3.3.
Numerical Simulation .. 33
3.4.
Verification of Numerical Model .... 36

3.4.1.
Constant Flow Rate Case ....
36
3.4.2.
Constant Pressure Case ...
40
NUMERICAL MODELING POINT SOURCE

(HORIZONTAL WELL) ..
44
4.1.
Numerical Modeling Methodology... 44
4.2.
Numerical Model ..... 44

4.2.1. Constant Flow Rate Case for Point Source
(Horizontal Well) ..
46
4.2.2. Constant Pressure Rate Case for Point Source

(Horizontal Well) ..
49
5. FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE FOR VERTICAL WELL ..
52
5.1. Fracture Face Interference Definition ...
52
5.2. Vertical Well Numerical Model ........
57
viii
5.3. Constant Flow Rate Case ...... 58

5.4. Constant Pressure Case ....
61
6. FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE FOR POINT SOURCE

(HORIZONTAL WELL)
65
6.1. Point Source (Horizontal Well) Numerical Model
65
6.2. Constant Flow Rate Case ......
66
6.3. Constant Pressure Case .....
68
6.4. McAlister Well Data .
71
7. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH RESULTS .
74
7.1. Constant Flow Rate Case ........
74
7.2. Constant Pressure Case ...
76
7.3. Sensitivity Analysis of Change of Fracture Half-Length .......
77
7.4. Sensitivity Analysis of Change of Number of Grid Blocks

in z Direction for Point Source ..
79
8. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .....
81
8.1. Summary .
81
8.2. Recommendations for Future Work
82
Reference .....
83
Appendix A ..
87
Appendix A1 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Rate Case and Vertical Well 88
Appendix A2 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case and
Vertical Well ..
Appendix A3 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Rate Case and Point Source
91
94
ix
Appendix A4 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case and

Point Source ....
97
Appendix A5 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255

and Two Vertical Wells
100
Appendix A6 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case, xf/y=128

and Two Vertical Wells
103
Appendix A7 Data File for FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255

and Point Source ...
106
Appendix A8 Data File for FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case, xf/y=255

and Point Source ...
109
Appendix A9 Data File for FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255

and Fracture Half-Length 506[ft]
112
Appendix B
115
Table 1 FCD=1 Results of Numerical Simulation and

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate ... 116
Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate .. 122
Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate .
128
Table 4 - FCD=25 Results of Numerical Simulation and

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate ..
134

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate .
140

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate
147
Table 7 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,

Pressure and Rate for Point Source ....
152

and Pressure for xf/y=255, Constant Rate Case, Vertical Well ..
160

and Rate for xf/y=128, Constant Pressure Case, Vertical Well ..
162
Table 10 Production Data and Dimensionless Time

and Flow Rate for McAlister O.H. 16 ..
164

Pressure and Rate for xf/y=255, Point Source ..... 165
Table 12 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless
Time, and Pressure for Constant Rate Case,
xf2 =xf1/4 and xf/y= 255 168
Appendix C 169
Figure 1 Finite conductivity type curve with deviations for fracture face
interference for constant flow rate for and FCD=1 Line source
Vertical well .
170
interference for constant flow rate and FCD=5 Line source
Vertical well 170
xi

Vertical well ..
171
Vertical well ...
171
interference for constant flow rate for and FCD=100 Line source
Vertical well ..
172
Vertical well
172
interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1 Line source
Vertical well 173
Figure 7A Dimensionless rate versus dimensionless time with deviations for
fracture face interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1
Line source Vertical well ..
173
Vertical well . 174
Line source Vertical well . 174
xii
Vertical well 175
Line source Vertical well .. 175
Vertical well 176
Vertical well .. 177
Line source Vertical well ... 177
Vertical well .. 178
xiii

interference for constant rate case and FCD=1 Point source
Horizontal well .. 179
interference for constant rate case and FCD=5 Point source
Horizontal well ..
179
Figure 15 Finite conductivity type curve with deviations for

fracture face interference for constant rate case and FCD=10
Point source Horizontal well 180
Figure 16 Finite conductivity type curve with deviations for fracture
face interference for constant rate case and FCD=25
Point source Horizontal well ..
180

Point source Horizontal well .. 181
face interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1
Figure 19A Dimensionless rate versus dimensionless time with deviations
xiv
for fracture face interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1
for fracture face interference for constant pressure case and FCD=5
for fracture face interference for constant pressure case and
FCD=10 Point source Horizontal well .. 184
FCD=25 Point source Horizontal well .. 185
xv

FCD=100 Point source Horizontal well 186
FCD=500 Point source Horizontal well .
187
Appendix D ... 188

Nomenclature . 189
xvi
List of Tables
Table 3.1. Bennett (1985) empirical guidelines for design of x

and y grids .....
24
Table 3.2. Reservoir, fracture and fluid PVT properties for constant
pressure case
32
Table 3.3. Fracture real and equivalent permeability ...
37
xvii
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. Capillary pressure and relative permeability in conventional

and unconventional reservoir (Shanley, 2004)...
Figure 1.2. Process specification in hydraulically fractured wells in tight

gas reservoir (Friedel, 2004)...
Figure 1.3. - Fracture flow regimes (Cinco-Ley, 1981) ....
6
9
Figure 2.1 Agarwal (1979) constant rate finite conductivity type curve 18
Figure 2.2. Agarwal (1979) constant pressure finite conductivity type cure .
19
Figure 2.3. Bennett (1985) constant rate finite conductivity type curve ..
20
Figure 2.4. Bennett (1985) constant pressure finite conductivity type curve
21
Figure 3.1. Quarter of the reservoir, grid block distribution ....
25
Figure 3.2. Grid block distribution in numerical model
26
Figure 3.3. Well and fracture location in square reservoir (Nashawi, 2007) .
27
Figure 3.4. - Reservoir with grid blocks imported from Eclipse ..
28
Figure 3.5. - Part of reservoir grid with well and fracture ..
29
Figure 3.6. - Model simulation results (symbols) with Bennett (1985) finite
conductivity type curve for constant rate case (lines)
40
Figure 3.7.- Dimensionless flow rate qD versus dimensionless time tDxf for constant
pressure case - line source (vertical well) .
Figure 3.8. Model simulation results (symbols) with Bennett (1985) finite
42
xviii
conductivity type curve for constant pressure case (lines)
43
Figure 4.1. Fracture position in point source (horizontal well) ..
45
Figure 4.2. Bennett (1985) finite conductivity type curve for constant rate case
and numerical model results for point source (horizontal well) .
48
Figure 4.3. - Dimensionless flow rate versus dimensionless time in function of

fracture half length for constant pressure case and point
source (horizontal well)
50
Figure 4.4. Bennett (1985) finite conductivity type curve for constant
pressure case and point source (horizontal well) ..
50
Figure 5.1. Part of the reservoir with two wells and two fractures .
52
Figure 5.2 - Depletion in the reservoir after 260 days

for case xf/y=8 .
53
Figure 5.3. Depletion in the reservoir after 449 days

for case of xf/y=8 ...
54
Figure 5.4. Depletion in the reservoir after 516 days

for case of xf/y=8
55
Figure 5.5. - Depletion in the reservoir after 1580 days

for case of xf/y=8 ..
55
Figure 5.6. - Depletion in the reservoir at the end

of the reservoir life .
56
Figure 5.7. Numerical model with two wells and two fractures .
58
Figure 5.8. Examples of different xf/y ratios ..
59
xix
Figure 5.9. Constant rate case - Finite conductivity type curve for family of
finite conductivity fractures with deviations for fracture face
interference for FCD=100 ..
60
Figure 5.10. Constant pressure case - Finite conductivity type curve for
family of finite conductivity fractures with deviations for fracture
face interference for FCD=100 (reciprocal rate) .
63
Figure 5.11. Constant pressure case Finite conductivity type curve for
family of finite conductivity fractures with deviations for fracture
face interference for FCD=100 (rate) ..
63
Figure 6.1. Point sources (horizontal well) with two vertical fractures ...
66
Figure 6.2. Finite conductivity type curve with deviations for fracture face
interference for constant flow rate and FCD=100 point source
(horizontal well) 67
Figure 6.3. Finite conductivity type curve with deviations for fracture
face interference for constant pressure and FCD=100 point
source (horizontal well) .
69
Figure 6.4. Dimensionless rate versus dimensionless time with deviations

FCD=100 Point source (horizontal well) .
Figure 6.5. McAlister O.H. 16 monthly gas production data .
70
71
Figure 6.6. Finite conductivity type curve with deviations for fracture
face interference and McAlister O. H. 16 well data ..
73
xx
Figure 7.1. Sensitivity analysis of change of initial pressure

for FCD=5 ... 75
Figure 7.2. Sensitivity analysis of initial pressure change
for FCD=100 ... 75
Figure 7.3. Sensitivity analysis of the change of productivity
index for FCD=5 76
Figure 7.4. Sensitivity analysis of the productivity index
change for FCD=100 . 77
Figure 7.5. Sensitivity analysis for different fractures
half-lengths ... 79
Figure 7.6. Sensitivity analysis for different number of the grid blocks in
z direction for point source, constant rate case and FCD=1 ..
80
xxi
Abstract
Supply and demand of natural gas has allowed economic exploitation from
unconventional reservoirs. Tight-gas and shale gas reservoirs depend on hydraulic
fracturing technology to achieve economical gas production. This includes multi stage
fracture stimulation treatments in horizontal wells. In this work, performance prediction
using finite fracture conductivity models for vertical wells has been extended to model
the effects of horizontal well penetration into the stimulated finite conductivity fractures
as well as the interference effects of multiple fractures created by multistage fracture
stimulation treatments.
Investigation in this direction was performed using numerical simulation. A study was
conducted using ECLIPSE, version 2007.1, numerical simulator to model reservoir and
well performance for a single phase flow system. The start point was to create a
numerical model with outcomes that will match previous results presented by Bennett
(1985) for a vertical fracture intersected by a vertical well. After model validation, the
investigation of a horizontal well penetration and fracture face interference was
performed utilizing the validated model and incorporating geometry for a horizontal
well penetration into a finite conductivity vertical fracture and the inclusion of a second
vertical fracture.
xxii
Fracture face interference for six cases was generated utilizing a dimensionless
parameter of fracture half-length to distance between two fractures.
A case history for a tight gas reservoir demonstrating the combined effects of a
horizontal well completed with multi stage stimulation is included.
1. Introduction
1.1.
From Conventional to Unconventional Reservoirs
Conventional reservoirs produce economic volumes of gas and oil at economic flow
rates without large stimulation treatment or any other special recovery process. These
reservoirs have high to medium permeabilities with vertical wells, and perforated pay
interval.
Unconventional reservoirs do not produce enough oil and gas to have economic
production flow rate without massive hydraulic stimulation treatments or special
recovery processes. Unconventional reservoirs include tight gas, coal-bed methane, and
shale.
Development of the unconventional reservoirs is based on higher prices and higher risks
than development of the conventional reservoirs. For a long time they have not been
very popular among engineers because it was very difficult to evaluate them and the
right recovery techniques had to be successfully chosen and carefully applied in order to
avoid production problems. New technologies made this kind of reservoirs very
perspective in the future. Today, daily gas production from tight and unconventional
reservoirs in USA is more than 25% of total gas production- Naik (2004), and with
constant increase of gas price, the future of these reservoirs is secure.
1.2.
Tight Gas Reservoirs
The first tight gas production was developed in the Western United States. Tight gas
reservoirs can be found in any geological and tectonic setting. They may and may not
contain natural
fractures, but cannot be produced economically without hydraulic
fracturing. Tight gas reservoirs are often defined as a gas bearing sandstone or
carbonate matrix with in-situ permeability to gas less than 0.1 millidarcies. Most of
tight gas reservoirs permeabilities are the function of the pressures. The pores are
irregularly distributed through the reservoir and they are poorly connected by very
narrow capillaries resulting in very low permeability. Gas flows through these rocks at
low rates and it is not generated in the reservoir beds. Source beds sometimes
commingle with reservoir.
Figure 1.1. presents comparison of traditional reservoir with low-permeability reservoir.
In a traditional reservoir, there is relative permeability in excess of 2% to one or both
fluid phases across a wide range of water saturation. Critical water saturation and
irreducible water saturation often occur at similar values of water saturation in the
traditional reservoirs. Under these condition the absence of widespread water
production commonly implies that a reservoir system is at, or near, irreducible water
saturation. On the other hand, in tight gas reservoir irreducible water saturation and
critical water saturation can be dramatically different.
Figure 1.1. Capillary pressure and relative permeability in conventional and

unconventional reservoir (Shanley, 2004)
In traditional reservoir, there is wide range of water saturations at which both water and
gas can flow. Situation is opposite in tight gas reservoir. There is a broad range of water
saturation in which neither gas nor water can flow in tight gas reservoir. In some
extreme cases, there is virtually no mobile water phase even at very high water
saturations.
1.3.
Shale Gas Reservoirs
Another unconventional source of natural gas is shale gas. Because of its matrix low
permeability, and higher capillary pressure, commercial production may be achieved
only with fractures to provide permeability. Shale gas has been produced from shales
with natural fractures for a long time, but lately due to the hydraulic fracturing
stimulation improvement its production has been increased. Very often shale gas has
been produced using horizontal wells technology. Some of the gas is held in natural
fractures, some in the pore spaces, and some is adsorbed onto the organic material. The
gas in the fractures is produced immediately, and gas adsorbed onto organic material is
released as the formation pressure declines. Gas is usually generated in place from shale
with high total organic carbon content.
The Barnett Shale in Forth Worth Basin is the most active shale gas play in USA. Due
to the high gas prices and use of horizontal well technology to increase production,
drilling expanded significantly in past few years. The Barnett Shale wells are deep
about 8,000 feet. Most economic wells are between 300 and 500 feet of thickness
(Daniels, 2007).
1.4. Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation
One of the stimulation methods for increasing well productivity and developing
commercial wells in low-permeability or tight-gas formations is hydraulic fracturing.
The purpose of this stimulation technique is to expose a large surface area of the lowpermeability formation to flow into the well bore. To increase reservoir area in direct
communication with the well bore, it is necessary to create a highly conductive path
some distance away from the well bore. Using this method, a greater volume of fluid
can be produced into the well bore per unit of time and result is an increased production
rate without drilling another well.
The hydraulic fracturing stimulation has applied to low-permeability gas formation with
in-situ permeability of 0.1 md or less, and tight-gas formation with pores irregularly
distributed throughout reservoir which have poor connection by very narrow capillaries.
Since the permeability in these formation is low, gas flows through these rocks at low
rates. The goal of hydraulic fracturing is to increase gas production flow rates.
Hydraulic fracturing treatment is pumping a suitable fluid, usually water, into the
formation at a rate faster than fluid can leak off into the rock. When the fluid pressure or
stress at the sand-face is higher than earth compressive stress, fracturing of formation
matrix has initiated along a plane perpendicular to the minimum compressive stress.
Fluid has been injected until the fracture is open wide enough to accept proppant. Then
proppant has been added to the fracturing fluid and import to the fracture to keep it
open. The hydraulic fracturing treatment is applied on a massive scale, which involves
the use of at least 50,000 to 500,000 gal of treating fluid and 100,000 to 1 million
pounds of proppant. When sufficient proppant has been injected, the pumps are shut
down, pressure in the fracture drops, and earth compressive stress closes the fracture.
Pressure in the fracture must exceed pore pressure by an amount equal to the minimum
effective rock matrix stress to keep the fracture open after hydraulic fracturing. This
pressure is fracture closer pressure.
Figure 1.2. Process Specification in Hydraulically Fractured Wells in Tight Gas

Reservoir (Friedel, 2004)
Figure 1.2. presents major physical processes at fractured wells which may imply
-
simultaneous flow of three phases
hydraulic and mechanical damage close to the fracture
filtercake increase or decrease
damaging proppant pack by gel residue
viscous fingering through proppant pack
unbroken fracturing fluids within the proppant pack.
Inertial non-Darcy flow, geomechanical effects like stress dependency of reservoir

permeability and fracture closure have great influence on the well production.
The fracture orientation depends on the stress distribution in the formation. If the least
principal stress in the formation is horizontal, then a vertical fracture is obtained,
otherwise the result will be horizontal fracture. Vertical fractures are more common for
depths higher than 2,000 ft.
1.5. Fracture Types
Three fracture types occur in hydraulically fractured wells:

-
uniform-flux fracture
infinite-conductivity fracture
finite conductivity fracture
Uniform-flux fractures occur when fluid enters the fracture at a uniform flow rate per
unit area of fracture face enabling pressure drop in the fracture.
Fractures with infinite permeability and conductivity have little or no pressure drop
along its axis. These fractures are referred as infinite-conductivity fractures. They exist
in highly propped tight-gas formations. Usually, fractures with dimensionless
conductivity FCD > 500 are treated as infinite-conductivity fractures.
Finite-conductivity fractures are the fractures with significant pressure drop along its
axis. This model is very common case, unless formation permeability is extremely low
in microdarcy range.
Cinco-Ley (1978) showed that for practical values of dimensionless time the pressure
behavior depends on time, and dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD:
FCD =
k f wf
kx f
(1)
where
kf [md] fracture permeability
wf [ft] fracture width
k [md] formation permeability
xf [ft] fracture half-length
1.6. Fracture Flow Regimes
Figure 1.3. - Fracture flow regimes (Cinco-Ley, 1981)
Four flow regimes occur in the fracture and formation around a hydraulically fractured
well, Figure 1.3:
-
fracture linear flow (a)
bilinear flow (b)
formation linear flow (c.)
pseudo-radial flow (d)
10
Fracture linear flow is very short. During this flow period, most of the fluid entering the
well bore comes from fluid expansion in the fracture. The flow regime is linear. It may
be masked by well bore-storage effects.
Bilinear flow evolves only in finite-conductivity fractures as fluid in the surrounding

formation flows linearly into the fracture and before fracture-tip effects begin to
influence well behavior. Most of the fluid entering the well bore during this flow period
comes from the formation.
Duration of formation linear flow increases with higher fracture conductivities.
Pseudo-radial flow occurs with fractures of all conductivities. After a sufficiently long
flow period, the fracture appears to the reservoir as an expanded well bore. If the
fracture length is large relative to the drainage area, then boundary effects change or
mask the pseudo-radial flow regime.
1.7. Problem Statement
Increasing gas price, declining production in conventional reservoirs and increasing

demand for a gas focused attention of the industry onto exploration and development of
unconventional gas reservoirs. Production from tight gas reservoir still presents main
11
challenge in petroleum industry because there is available only limited knowledge about
causes and solutions of the problems concerning gas production from tight gas
reservoirs. Generally, very interested topic for research are finite conductivity fractures.
Not so many studies have been published about this topic. The main goal of this study is
to answer on the question regarding influence of the interference of the finite
conductivity fractures on the pressure data for constant rate production or flow rate data
for constant pressure production mode. The aim is to extend a current solution from
finite conductivity vertical fractured wells to horizontal wells and especially to
horizontal wells with multi stage stimulation treatments with a use of numerical solution
techniques. It is necessary to develop type curves for constant rate and pressure
production mode, with dimensionless fractures conductivities, and different length to
distance ratios as parameters. Final goal is to provide sensitivity analysis of the
achieved results developed type curves for different reservoir and well performances.
1.8. Thesis Organization
Chapter 2 contains a complete review of the published studies concerning finite

conductivity fractures. The Agarwal finite conductivity type curves for constant
pressure and constant rate were analyzed and compared with Bennetts finite
conductivity type curves for constant pressure and constant rate.
12
Chapter 3 presents the development of the numerical model for line source vertical
well, numerical simulation process and verification of the numerical model which was
provided by type curve matching with Bennett solutions.
Chapter 4 presents numerical model for point source horizontal well, numerical
simulation results and verification of new developed type curves.
Chapter 5 describes study of fracture face interference with vertical wells, containing
numerical model for simulation, and development of new type curves with length to
distance ratios as parameters.
Similar to the chapter 5, chapter 6 describes study of fracture face interference,
numerical model for simulation and developed new type curves with length to distance
ratio as parameters, but for the point source horizontal wells. At the end real well data
were implemented to provide numerical model verification.
Chapter 7 analyses sensitivity of developed type curves on pressure, productivity index,
fracture half-length, and number of grid blocks change.
Chapter 8 presents summary of the complete investigation with recommendations for
the future work.
13
2. Historical Background And Type Curves
2.1. Historical Background
The concept of finite flow-capacity fractures was developed by Cinco-Ley (1978). They
used semi analytical approach to point out the need to consider fracture to be finite if
the dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD is less than 300 which is the case of very
long fractures and low capacity fractures. This is the first step in the technology of
evaluation of massive hydraulic fracturing. Limitation of this technique was its
application to systems with small, constant compressibility or system with a constant
fluid viscosity-compressibility product. Cinco Ley type curve can be used for postfracture analysis of data from a constant-rate flow test or a pressure-buildup test and it
represents the modeling of vertical hydraulic fracture in an infinite-acting reservoir
under the following assumptions:
the fracture has finite conductivity that is uniform throughout the

fracture
the fracture has two equal-length wings
well bore-storage effects are ignored
14
Agarwal, R.G (1979) discussed the limitations of the conventional analysis methods and
alternative techniques for determining fracture half-length and fracture flow capacity on
MHF wells with finite flow-capacity fractures. Low-permeability gas wells normally
produce at a constant well pressure, but if the rate declines smoothly with bottom hole
flowing pressure, then constant rate type curve should be used. Agarwal developed a
set of constant well rate and constant well pressure type curves for MHF wells using
numerical simulation and discussed the type curve matching technique and actual
application of new type curves. Agarwal type curve is useful for analyzing flow tests or
long-term production data in wells produced at essentially constant bottom hole
pressure, or for wells producing at constant flow rates.
Cinco-Ley, H., Samaniego, V.F. (1981) analyzed finite conductivity fractures and
defined bilinear flow regime which is the result of two linear flow regimes. One flow
regime is linear flow within the fracture and another is linear flow into the fracture
from the matrix. The bilinear flow regime is characterized by 0.25 slope on a log-log
plot of pressure drop versus time for the early time pressure data. After bilinear flow,
the linear flow occurs with 0.5 slope. They analytically defined that bilinear flow exists
when most of the fluid entering the well bore comes from the formation and when
fracture tip effects have not yet affected the well behavior.
Bennett, C.O. (1985) developed finite conductivity type-curves for constant pressure
and constant rate modes of production using analytical solution for multi layered
reservoirs. They identified parts of the type-curves with bilinear and linear flow periods,
15
and also part with the straight line. Their study can be applied to cases where the
fracture extends above or below the productive interval, and cases where the fracture
conductivity is the function of depth.
Bennett, C.O. (1986) incorporated numerical and analytical solutions for performance
of finite-conductivity, vertically fractured wells in single layer reservoirs. They
concluded that the fracture height and fracture length effects on the well response can
be significant for the homogeneous single layer reservoirs if the conductivity of the
fracture is the function of the depth or if fracture height is higher than formation height,
hf>h. For multi layer reservoirs, vertical gradients may be significant even if fracture
height is equal to the formation height, hf=h.
Tiab, D. (1994), (1995) developed Tiabs direct synthesis (TDS) technique. This
method interprets log-log plots of pressure and pressure derivatives versus time for
different ratios of xe/xf for a vertically fractured well inside a closed system without
using type curve matching. At this time he has developed TDS method for uniform flux
fracture and infinite conductivity fracture. However, the finite conductivity fractures
have been observed later by Tiab, D. (1995). A log-log plot of pressure and pressure
derivative versus time for the well intersected by a finite conductivity hydraulic fracture
in a closed system, may have several straight lines which correspondence to the
bilinear, linear, infinite-acting radial flow and pseudo-steady state flow. The slopes and
intersection points can be used to calculate permeability, skin factor in the absence of
the infinite-acting radial flow line, well bore storage coefficient, half-fracture length in
16
the absence of the linear flow regime straight line of slope 0.5, fracture conductivity in
the absence of the bi-linear flow line of slope 0.25 and drainage area.
Nashawi, I.S, Qasem, F.H, Gharbi R.(2003), performed comprehensive study of

applying the constant-pressure liquid solution to transient rate-decline analysis of gas
wells. Pseudopressure, non-Darcy flow effects, and formation damage have been
incorporated in the liquid solution theory to simulate actual real gas flow around the
well bore. The investigation shows that for constant-pressure gas production, the
conventional semilog plot of the reciprocal dimensionless rate versus the dimensionless
time used for liquid solution must be modified to account for high velocity flow effects,
especially when reservoir permeability is relatively high (>1md) and the well test is
affected by non-Darcy flow and formation damage.
Nashawi, I.S., Malallah, A.H. (2007), investigated pressure buildup and draw down
tests influenced with well bore storage effect. These effects dominate at the early time
enabling good formation characterization of the area surrounding the well bore.
Constant bottom hole pressure tests are immune on these adverse effects. Nashawi and
Malallah developed technique of analysis of finite conductivity fractured wells
producing at constant bottom hole pressure from closed reservoirs without type curve
matching. They used log-log plots of the reciprocal rate and derivative of reciprocal rate
versus time for analysis of all the dominant flows: bilinear, pseudo-radial, and
boundary-dominated flow and calculation of fracture conductivity, formation
permeability, skin factor, well drainage area and reservoir shape factor.
17
2.2. Agarwal Finite Conductivity Type Curves
Agarwal has developed finite conductivity type curves for constant pressure and
constant rate production modes for low permeability reservoirs with in-situ permeability
less than 0.1[md]. These type curves were defined using numerical simulation.
Assumptions that has been used:
-
constant compressibility-viscosity product in the system
uniform fracture flow capacity
ignored well bore storage effect
ignored damage
no well bore cleanup effects
neglected confining pressure and turbulence effects
insignificant drainage boundary effects for the duration of the test.
Agarwal constant rate finite conductivity type curve, Figure 2.1., is log-log plot of
dimensionless pressure, pD, versus dimensionless time in function of the fracture halflength, tDxf, with dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD, as a parameter.
Dimensionless fracture conductivity is in the range from 0.1 to 500, where higher
values correspond to the higher fracture flow capacities. Higher values of the
dimensionless fracture conductivities may be the consequence of the lower formation
permeability or short fracture length.
18
Figure 2.1 Agarwal (1979) constant rate finite conductivity type curve
Dotted line on the Figure 2.1. presents infinite fracture flow capacity. At early times lower values of tDxf, there are deviations among the dimensionless fracture
conductivities but they are diminished at later time. Dimensionless time ranges from 105
to the 1. For the time less than 10-5, porosity and compressibility in the fracture have
great influence on the type curve. Besides the pressure draw down data, this type curve
may be applied to analysis of the pressure buildup data if producing time, tP, before shut
in is significantly large compared with the shut-in time, t. Otherwise the effect of
small producing time is the lower fracture flow capacity.
Agarwal constant pressure finite conductivity type curves, Figure 2.2., are used when
well produces at a constant well pressure. Instead of the dimensionless pressure, the
reciprocal dimensionless flow rate, 1/qD, was plotted on log-log paper versus time in
19
function of fracture half-length, tDxf, and with dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD,
as a parameter.
Figure 2.2. Agarwal (1979) constant pressure finite conductivity type curve
These type curves have the same tDxf and FCD ranges with similar shape to the constant
rate type curves.
2.3. Bennett Finite Conductivity Type Curves
Bennett finite conductivity type curves have been developed for the multi layer and
single layer reservoir, using analytical approach.
Assumptions that have been used:
-
reservoir boundaries are impermeable
20
reservoir is uniform and homogeneous
fluid is slightly compressible with constant viscosity
gravitational effects are negligible
flow in the reservoir parallel to the fracture face is negligible
reservoir is infinite in the direction perpendicular to the fracture face
fracture length is finite
Bennett constant rate finite conductivity type curves, Figure 2.3., are similar to the
Agarwal ones. The dimensionless time axis scales from 10-6 to 1, while the Agarwal
dimensionless time scale starts at 10-5. Bennett defined time periods corresponding to
the different flow regimes and applied them to the finite flow capacity type curves. The
part of the curves on the left side of the triangles defines bilinear flow period, that can
be presented by the straight line on the Cartesian plot pwD versus tDxf0.25.
Figure 2.3. Bennett (1985) constant rate finite conductivity type curve
21
The time period between x letters defines the time for which the straight line will exist
on the Cartesian plot p versus tDxf0.5. Linear flow period will occur between circles on
the curves and this is the time period for which straight lines are defined on log-log plot
pwD versus tDxf with slope of 0.5. The square data points define time period with
asymptotic expansion which is correspondent to the straight line on the Cartesian plot
p versus t0.3. Finally, the dimensionless fracture conductivities are in smaller range in
Bennett type curve comparing with Agarwals.
Bennett constant pressure finite conductivity type curves, Figure 2.4., are the similar to
the Bennett constant rate finite flow type curves.
Figure 2.4. Bennett (1985) constant pressure finite conductivity type curve
The points marked with triangles, circles, squares or x letter denote the same definition
of the flow regimes and corresponding plots.
22
Difference between Bennetts finite conductivity type curves and Agarwal finite
conductivity type curves for constant pressure is in the time scale, presented number of
dimensionless fracture conductivities, flow regimes definition, and the way that they
have been developed.
Since the Bennett finite conductivity type curves have flow regimes data, these type
curves have been used for further research.
23
3. Numerical Modeling Vertical Well
3.1. Steps for Type-Curve Development
Three preparation steps were required to provide type-curve development. The first step
is the preparation of numerical model for line source vertical well and point source
horizontal well. The second step is data file development for numerical simulation using
synthetic data of reservoir, reservoir geometry, and fluid properties. The third step is
converting simulation results flow rates and pressures to the dimensionless ones. The
fourth step is plotting and comparing these results with already developed Bennett finite
conductivity type curves.
3.2. Numerical Model
Developing of numerical simulation model was performed for synthetic reservoir and
fluid data and it involves three consecutive steps:
1. Discretization of the reservoir into blocks
2. Assumption of synthetic data input of PVT and rock properties
3. Approximation of time integrals
24
3.2.1. Reservoir Discretization Into The Blocks
The single layer reservoir has been discretizated into 103,515 blocks with distribution
x:y:z=335:309:1. This huge reservoir has been chosen to avoid boundary effects. Block
dimensions are determined using Bennetts (1985)., recommendations for design of x
and y grids given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1. The Bennett (1985) empirical guidelines for design of x and y grids
A. For All Grid Blocks
xi+1/2 xi 2xi-1,
i = 2. (Nx-1)
yj+1/2 yj 2yj-1,
j = 2. (Ny-1)
B. Near the Fracture (x/Lxf 1.5, y/Lxf 1)

x/Lxf 10-2
at the well for CfD 100
x/Lxf 10-3
at the well for CfD < 100
x/Lxf 1.5x10-2
at the fracture tip
max (x/Lxf) 0.15

b/Lxfj = 2y1/Lxf 2x10-3
y1= y2 =y3=y4
max (y/Lxf ) 0.2
C. Away From the Fracture (x/Lxf > 1.5, y/Lxf > 1)
max (x/Lxe) 0.17
max (y/Lxe ) 0.17
25
According to this table, grid blocks dimensions of the model and their uneven
distribution are determined.
Fractures blocks in x direction have different dimensions increasing to maximum value

and than decreasing to the minimal dimension equal to the well grid block. This
minimal dimension is the tip of the fracture and at that point, the distance between the
well and fracture tip is the half-fracture length in x direction. Adjacent grid block
dimensions increase until the maximum. All next grid blocks have the same dimension.
dimension in y direction
In y direction, the minimal dimension of the grid has the block with well.
Well
xf
dimension in x direction
Figure 3.1. Quarter of the reservoir, grid block distribution
26
The dimension of the adjacent grid blocks increases to the maximal value and then they
have constant dimension.
Figures 3.1 and 3.2. show the uneven distribution of grid blocks in the reservoir. Since
the reservoir is symmetric relative to the well and fracture position, the quarter of the
reservoir has been observed.
dx, dy - Length of Block x or y Respectively [ft]
1000
100
10
Fracture Half-Length
dx
dy
Well
10
20
n- Number of Blocks
Figure 3.2. Grid block distribution in numerical model
30
40
27
The blue circles (Figure 3.2.) present dimension of the blocks in x direction, while red
crosses present the dimension of the blocks in y direction. In z direction all grid blocks
have the same dimension and the fracture height is equal to the reservoir height.
Three dimensional aspect of the well and fracture position in the reservoir is presented
in Figure 3.3. The vertical well is located in the center of the square reservoir and that
grid block has the minimum x and y dimensions. Finite fracture is parallel with x axis
and totally intersects the well symmetric to the y axis.
Figure 3.3. Well and fracture location in square reservoir (Nashawi, 2007)
28
Both fracture half-lengths in x axis direction are equal, Figure 3.3.

Total number of grid blocks in x and y direction as well the total reservoir dimension:
Total number of blocks

Total reservoir
Total number of blocks
Total reservoir
in x direction
dimension in x direction
in y direction
dimension in y direction
nx
x [ft]
ny
y[ft]
335
100,646
309
100,978
Well is in central block with 2[ft] dimension, while fracture is in direction of x axis. The
middle of the fracture starts in block 1 and fracture continues to the adjacent 20 blocks
in both directions of x axis to the total fracture half-length of 2,043[ft].
Analyzed part of the

reservoir
Figure 3.4. - Reservoir with grid blocks imported from Eclipse
29
Figure 3.4. is imported from Eclipse shows huge reservoir with 103,515 grid blocks.
Since the grid block dimensions are much lower than total dimension of the reservoir,
gridding effect is displayed on the Figure 3.4. as blue color of the reservoir. To be able
to analyze reservoir gridding, the part of the reservoir in the white square is going to be
zoomed out.
Fracture length 2xf

Well
Fracture
Figure 3.5. - Part of reservoir grid with well and fracture
Figure 3.5. presents the result of the increased central part of the reservoir. Grid blocks
are defined with blue lines where blue thick lines are the effect of fine gridding.
Fracture is extending in x direction with fracture half-length xf , defined by green line.
Black circle in the center of the picture is the well. According to the scale below, initial
reservoir pressure value is correspondent to red color and during numerical simulation
pressure decrease is observed by color change from beginning red to final blue.
30
Since this picture presents Day 0, reservoir is presented by red color because the
reservoir pressure has maximum value.
3.2.2. Data Input of Fluid and Reservoir Properties
Fluid properties that are needed to model single-phase fluid flow are those that appear
in the flow equations. To simplify simulation a single-phase slightly compressible fluid
with characteristics given in Table 3.2. has been chosen. Model for numerical
Fracture length f
simulation is low permeability reservoir
2x with permeability of 0.1[md]. Rock
compressibility has been neglected for simplification purposes.
Model does not account for well bore storage, skin, frictional losses in the well bore and
capillary pressures.
3.2.3. Other Data Included in Numerical Model
Fracture width 0.5[in] was very low and unacceptable for simulation by simulator,
because the well bore radius was 0.3[ft] and fracture width had to be higher than this
dimension. The most convenient dimension was 2[ft], the dimension of the smallest grid
block with well.
Since the fracture porosity of 35% corresponds to the fracture width of 0.5[in], the
equivalent fracture porosity was calculated using equation:
31
e =
w f
we
.. (2)
where:
w [ft] fracture width
we [ft] equivalent fracture width
f [-] fracture porosity, fraction
e [-] equivalent fracture porosity, fraction
Fracture permeability is the function of the dimensionless fracture conductivity.
kf =
FCD kx f
w
.. (3)
where:
FCD dimensionless fracture conductivity
w [ft] fracture width
Equivalent fracture permeability
k fe =
kfw
we
.... (4)
where we [ft] equivalent fracture width
32
Summary of all reservoir, fracture and fluid properties are listed in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2. Reservoir, fracture and fluid PVT properties for constant pressure
case
Reservoir Properties
Initial pressure
pi [psi]
5,000
Bottom hole flowing pressure
BHFP [psi]
500
Formation porosity, fraction
0.2
Formation permeability
k [md]
0.1
Formation height (reservoir thickness)
h [ft]
100
Rock compressibility
c [psi-1]
0
Skin
s
0
Well bore radius
rw [ft]
0.3
Fracture Properties
Fracture half length
xf [ft]
2043
Fracture width
w [in]
0.5
Fracture porosity
0.35
f
Equivalent Fracture Properties Adjusted for Numerical Simulation
Equivalent fracture width
we [ft]
2
Equivalent fracture porosity
0.0073
fe
Fluid Properties
Compressibility
cf [psi-1]
3.00E-06
Viscosity
1
[cp]
FVF
B [RB/stb]
1
3.2.4. Time Steps
The start date of simulation is determined, by the default, to be January 1st, 1997.
Initially, the first moment of simulation was chosen to be the first second when
production started (1.15741x10-5 days) for both cases constant flow rate and constant
pressure case. But to cut the simulation time in the constant pressure case, the first
moment of observation was chosen to be 1.03x10-4 days. For the verification purposes
33
of this model, it was necessary to compare simulation results with Bennett Type Curves
which have logarithmic scale. Chosen time steps have geometrical progression with
factor 2.
3.3. Numerical Simulation
A single-well and two-well simulation models in 3D reservoir were set up with the
Black Oil simulator Eclipse-100 from Geoquest-Schlumberger. Reservoir grid is
developed in Cartesian coordinates with block centered geometry. To develop physical
model, the following facts are assumed:
-
isothermal flow
no diffusion nor dispersion process presented
no chemical reactions presented
thermodinamical equilibrium
one phase system
The inflow equation used by Eclipse is defined by the volumetric production rate of
each phase at stock tank conditions:
q p, j = Twj M p, j P j Pw H wj
) ...(5)
where:
qp,j volumetric flow rate of phase p in connection j at stock tank conditions. The flow
is positive from the formation into the well, and negative from the well into formation
Twj connection transmissibility factor
Mp,j phase mobility at the connection
34
Pj nodal pressure in the grid block containing the connection

Pw bottom hole pressure of the well
Hwj well bore pressure head between the connection and the wells bottom hole datum
depth. Pw+Hwj is the pressure in the well at the connection j, called connection
pressure
Connection transmissibility factor in the Cartesian grid:
Twj =
cKh
.... (6)
ro
ln + s
rw
where:
c unit conversion factor (0.001127 in field units)
the segment angle connecting with the well (2) for the well located in the center of
the grid block

Kh effective permeability times net thickness of the connection.
ro pressure equivalent radius of the grid block
rw well bore radius
s - skin factor
Pressure equivalent radius of the grid block is distance from the well at which the local
pressure is equal to the average nodal pressure of the block. Peacemans formula has
been used in Cartesian grid for rectangular grid blocks in an anisotropic reservoir:
35
ro = 0.28
Ky
D x2
K x
1
K
2
+ D 2y x
Ky
Ky
K
x
1
4 Kx
+
Ky
1
12
2

1
4
... (7)
where:
Dx, Dy the x- and y- dimensions of the grid block
Kx, Ky x- and y- direction permeabilities
Two cases have been examined:

1. Constant pressure production mode
2. Constant flow rate production mode
In the first case the BHFP is assumed to be 500[psi] and bottom hole flowing rate has
been determined as a result of simulation. Data for the case of the constant pressure are
given in Table 3.2.
All data for constant flow rate case are the same, except the pressure input. Instead of
pressure, for constant flow rate case input will be flow rate of 100[stb/day] and pressure
will be the result of the numerical simulation.
36
3.4. Verification of Numerical Model
To verify developed model, Bennett finite conductivity type curves for constant flowing
rate and constant pressure were used.
3.4.1. Constant Flow Rate Case
For each dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD, presented in Bennett type curves for
constant flowing rate, fracture porosity is calculated using equation (2). Real fracture
porosity has been assumed to be 35% and equivalent is calculated in function of the
fracture width, and it is 0.73%
For calculating fracture permeabilities, input data that have been used are listed below:
Data for
real fracture permeability
calculation
Formation permeability k [md]
xf [ft]
Fracture width
w [in]
0.1
2043
0.5
Data for
equivalent fracture permeability
calculation
Formation permeability k [md]
0.1
xf [ft]
2043
Equivalent fracture width we [ft]
2
Where equivalent fracture width must be higher than the well bore radius and in this
case it was convenient to set it to 2 [ft] because that was dimension of the grid block
with well.
37
Calculated real and equivalent fracture permeability using correlations (3) and (4) are
given in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3. Fracture real and equivalent permeability

Dimensionless
Fracture
Conductivity
FCD
Real Fracture
Permeability
Equivalent Fracture
Permeability
kf
kfe
1
5
10
25
100
500
4,903
24,516
49,032
122,580
490,320
2,451,600
102
511
1,022
2,554
10,215
51,075
Six data files were made for six different fracture dimensionless conductivities, FCD = 1,
5, 10, 25, 100, 500 with only difference in equivalent fracture permeability (keyword:
EQUALS) which is the function of the FCD.
Data file for FCD=100 is given in Appendix A1. Well diameter is assumed to be 0.6 [ft]
and skin is neglected.
Assumed flow rate was 100[stb/d] and it was control mode for constant flow rate case
(keyword: WCONPROD).
In SUMMARY section of Data File, output data well BHP and well production rate
were requested. Numerical simulation results for all six dimensionless fractures
conductivities are presented in Tables 1 to 6 in Appendix B.
38
To be able to compare numerical simulation results to the Bennett type curves, it was
necessary to transform time and pressure into dimensionless time in function of fracture
half-length and dimensionless pressure. Correlation for dimensionless time in function
of fracture half-length:
t Dxf =
0.0063288k
ct x f 2
t ....... (8)
where:
t [days] production time
[-] reservoir porosity, fraction

ct [psi-1] total system compressibility
[cp] fluid viscosity
Correlation for dimensionless pressure:
pD =
kh pi pwf
141.2qB
) .... (9)
39
where:
h [ft] total reservoir thickness
q [stb/day] surface rate
pi [psi] initial pressure
pwf [psi] well bore flowing pressure
B [RB/stb] liquid formation volume factor FVF
For the reservoir, fracture, and fluid properties given in Table 3.3 dimensionless time
and dimensionless pressure can be calculated using time and pressure multipliers from
simulation output of time in days and well bore flowing pressure in psi.
tM= 2.53E-04 [day-1]
pM= 7.08E-04 [psi-1]
Results of numerical simulation of six dimensionless fractures conductivities for

dimensionless pressure and dimensionless time are in Table 1 to Table 6 in Appendix C.
Figure 3.6. presents graphical solution of numerical simulation results for constant rate
case. These results are colored data points with Bennett type curve results shown in
background. Match with Bennett type curves for all six dimensionless fracture
conductivities provides verification of the numerical model.
40
Dimensionless Pressure pD
10
1
FCD=1
0.1
FCD=5
FCD=10
FCD=25
0.01
FCD=100
FCD=500
0.001
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Dimensionless Time tDxf

conductivity type curve for constant rate case (lines)
3.4.2. Constant Pressure Case
Only difference between these and Data Files for constant flow rate case is the control
mode (in keyword: WCONPROD) which is BHP instead of the flow rate. Data File for
FCD=100 is in Appendix A2.
Results of numerical simulation for six dimensionless fractures conductivities from 1 to

500 are given in Table 1 to Table 6 in Appendix B.
41
Equation (8) was used to transform time from the model simulation runs into
dimensionless time. For flow rate conversion from field units into dimensionless rate,
equation (10) is used:
qD =
141.2 Bq
kh pi pwf
.. (10)
where:
B [RB/stb] liquid formation volume factor FVF
[cp] fluid viscosity
q [stb/day] surface rate
h [ft] total reservoir thickness
pi [psi] initial pressure
pwf [psi] well bore flowing pressure
Rate multiplier calculated using equation (10) and based on numerical model data set:
qM=3.14E-03 [day/STB]
42
Dimensionless Flow Rate qD
1000
100
10
0.1
FCD=1
FCD=5
FCD=10
FCD=25
FCD=100
FCD=500
0.01
1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00

Figure 3.7. Dimensionless flow rate qD versus dimensionless time tDxf for constant
pressure case - line source (vertical well)
Results of numerical simulation for different dimensionless fractures conductivities, as

well as dimensionless time and dimensionless flow rates, are presented in Table 1 to 6
in Appendix B. Graphical solution is presented on Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.8. presents numerical results plotted on Bennett type curve with dimensionless
time in function of fracture half-length and reciprocal dimensionless flow rate for
fractures dimensionless conductivities, FCD, from 1 to 500.
Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate 1/qD
43
10
FCD=1
FCD=5
0.1
FCD=10
FCD=25
0.01
0.001
1.00E-06
FCD=100
FCD=500
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
conductivity type curve for constant pressure case (lines)
Colored data points are results of numerical simulation of previous described numerical
model. Match with Bennett finite conductivity type curves for all six dimensionless
fracture conductivities provides verification of numerical model for this case.
44
4. Numerical Modeling Point Source (Horizontal Well)
4.1. Numerical Modeling Methodology
Point source horizontal wells numerical modeling is similar to the previous described
numerical modeling of line source vertical wells. The same model with synthetic data
of reservoir, reservoir and fracture geometry and fluid properties. After model
development, the numerical simulation results converted into the dimensionless time
and dimensionless pressure or dimensionless rate were compared with results of
numerical simulation of vertical well finite conductivity for constant rate and constant
pressure production.
4.2. Numerical Model
Model reservoir has been discretizated into 931,635 blocks with distribution
x:y:z=335:309:9.
Uneven grid block distribution has been respected for the x, y and z layers like in the
previous described model.
45
Well is located in the central fifth block in z direction and also in 168th block in x and
155th block in y directions. Fractures blocks in x direction have the same distribution as
in the previous model - different dimensions increasing to maximum value and than
decreasing to the minimal dimension equal to the well grid block.
Total number of grid blocks in x, y and z directions as well as the total reservoir
dimension are:
Total number of
blocks in x
direction
Total reservoir
dimension in x
direction
Total number of
blocks in y
direction
Total reservoir Total number of Total reservoir

dimension in y
blocks in z
dimension in z
direction
direction
direction
nx
x [ft]
ny
y[ft]
nz
z[ft]
335
100,646
309
100,978
100
Point sources are in central blocks with 2[ft] dimension in x, y and z directions, while
fracture is in direction of x axis, Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1. Fracture position in point source (horizontal well)
46
The middle of the fracture starts in block 1 and fracture continues to the adjacent 20
blocks in both directions of x axis to the total fracture half-length of 2,043[ft].
Fluid, fracture and rock properties are the same as in the basic numerical model for
Two cases have been examined:
1. Constant pressure production mode
2. Constant flow rate production mode
In the first case the BHFP is assumed to be 500 [psi] and bottom hole flowing rate has
been determined as a result of simulation. All data for constant flow rate case are the
identical to the constant pressure case, except the pressure input. Instead of pressure, for
constant flow rate case input will be flow rate of 100 [stb/day] and pressure will be the
Fracture length
2x
result of the numerical simulation.
4.2.1. Constant Flow Rate Case for Point Source (Horizontal Well)
For each dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD, presented in Bennett type curves for
constant flowing rate, fracture porosity is calculated using equation (2). Data for real
and equivalent fracture width are given below:
Real data
Fracture porosity
Fracture width
[%]
w [in]
35
0.5
Equivalent data
Fracture porosity
e [%]
Equivalent fracture width
we [ft]
0.73
2
47
Real and equivalent fracture permeabilities in function of the dimensionless fracture

conductivities are the same as in the previous model and they are presented in Table
3.3. in Chapter 3.
Six data files were made for six different fracture dimensionless conductivities, FCD = 1,
5, 10, 25, 100, 500 with only difference in equivalent fracture permeability which is the
function of the FCD.
Eclipse data input file for point source horizontal well, constant rate and FCD=100 is
given in Appendix A3.
In SUMMARY section of Data File, output data well BHP and well production rate
were requested. Numerical simulation results are presented in Table 7 in Appendix B
for FCD=100.
Conversion of time and pressure into dimensionless time in function of fracture halflength and dimensionless pressure was done using correlations (8) and (9) and results
are the same multipliers as for the vertical well:
tM= 2.53E-04 [day-1]
pM= 7.08E-04 [psi-1]
Results of numerical simulation for dimensionless fracture conductivity, FCD=100 and

also values of dimensionless pressure and dimensionless time in function of the fracture
half-length are given in Table 7 in Appendix B.
48
10
FCD=1
0.1
FCD=5
FCD=10
FCD=25
0.01
FCD=100
FCD=500
0.001
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 4.2. Bennett (1985) finite conductivity type curve for constant rate case
and numerical model results for point source (horizontal well)
The point source (horizontal well) is compared to the line source (vertical well) Bennett
type curve (Figure 4.2.) Deviation can be seen to be greater for the lower dimensionless
fracture conductivities and that for all fracture conductivities the solutions converge to
line source (vertical well) at late times. This type curve is developed for the ratio
fracture half-length versus reservoir thickness xf/h =2043/100.
49
4.2.2. Constant Pressure Case for Point Source (Horizontal Well)
Only difference between these and Data Files for constant flow rate case is the control
mode (in keyword: WCONPROD) which is BHP instead of the flow rate. Data File for
FCD=100 is in Appendix A4.
Results of the numerical simulation are given in Table 7 in Appendix B.
To transform time into dimensionless time in function of the fracture half-length and to
transform the flow rate into dimensionless one the correlations (8) and (10) have been
used respectively.
Time and rate multipliers are the same as for the vertical well:
tM= 2.53E-04 [day-1]
qM=3.14E-03 [day/STB]
Results of numerical simulation for dimensionless fracture conductivity FCD=100, as

well as dimensionless times in function of fracture half-length and dimensionless flow
rates, are presented in Table 7 in Appendix B and plotted in the Figure 4.3. for six
different dimensionless fractures conductivities.
50
1000
Dimensionless Flow Rate qD
FCD=1
FCD=5
100
FCD=10
FCD=25
FCD=100
10
FCD=500
0.1
1.00E-07
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate

1/q D
Figure 4.3. Dimensionless flow rate versus dimensionless time in function of

fracture half length for constant pressure case and point source (horizontal well)
10
FCD=1
FCD=5
0.1
FCD=10
FCD=25
0.01
0.001
1.00E-06
FCD=100
FCD=500
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
Figure 4.4. Bennett (1985) finite conductivity type curve for constant pressure
case and numerical model results for point source (horizontal well)
51
Colored data points on Figure 4.4. presents numerical results converted in

dimensionless ones. They are plotted on Bennett type curve with dimensionless time in
function of fracture half-length and reciprocal dimensionless flow rate for fractures
dimensionless conductivities, FCD, from 1 to 500.
Like in the previous case, the deviations are higher for the lower dimensionless
fractures conductivities and they are smaller for the higher dimensionless fracture
conductivities. This type curve is developed for the ratio fracture half-length versus
reservoir thickness xf/h =2043/100.
52
5. Fracture Face Interference for Vertical Well
5.1. Fracture Face Interference Definition
Visualization of fracture face interference is shown using the images imported from
Eclipse simulation runs. The Figure 5.1 presents the day 0 for the reservoir with two
wells presented by black circles and two fractures presented by green lines.
Well 1
Fracture 1
Fracture 2
Well 2
Fracture length 2xf
Figure 5.1. Part of the reservoir with two wells and two fractures
53
Red color of the reservoir present initial reservoir pressure. During the life of the
reservoir reservoir simulation, this color will change according to the color scale
below the picture showing pressure depletion. As depletion proceeds a scale change is
made to display region being influenced.
One of the simulation case with length to distance ratio of xf/y=8 were imported from
Eclipse for different time spots with obvious pressure change.
Fracture 1
Well 2
Fracture 2
Fracture distance, y
Well 1
Fracture length 2xf
Figure 5.2. Depletion in the reservoir after 260 days for case xf/y=8
Depletion at Figure 5.2. is observed by color change from beginning red initial
pressure to the orange pressure in the reservoir after some time, 260 days for this
example. It starts and continues from the well and fractures in both directions of y axis.
54
For the same case xf/y=8 at day 449 (Figure 5.3.), depletion in the reservoir area
between two fractures is higher than outside of the fracture, showing near complete
interference, defined by lighter orange color of the part of the reservoir between two
fractures.
Fracture 1
Well 2
Fracture 2
Fracture distance, y
Well 1
Fracture length 2xf
Figure 5.3. Depletion in the reservoir after 449 days for case of xf/y=8
After 516 days (Figure 5.4.), depletion in the reservoir area between two fractures is
still higher than outside of the fracture, but depletion outside the well continues.
55
Fracture 1
Well 1
Well 2
Fracture 2
Figure 5.4. Depletion in the reservoir after 516 days for case of xf/y=8
Fractures Tips
Figure 5.5. - Depletion in the reservoir after 1580 days for case of xf/y=8
56
After 1580 days (Figure5.5.), the radial flow occurs around the wells and fractures.
Figure 5.6. presents total depletion at the end of the life of the reservoir. After 22 years,
the area between two fractures is totally depleted due to the fracture face interference.
Reservoir will be depleted from both sides of the fractures although the total depletion
can be expected near the fractures and between two fractures due to the fracture face
interference.
Fractures Tips
Figure 5.6. - Depletion in the reservoir at the end of the reservoir life
57
5.2. Vertical Well Numerical Model
After matching Bennetts solutions and model verification, the FCD=100 type curve for
constant rate was the object of further research. Numerical model that has been used in
previous research has been used for this research with few modifications. The y
dimension of the reservoir has been doubled by doubling the number of blocks in y
direction.
Total number of blocks in
Total reservoir
Total number of
Total reservoir
x direction
dimension in x direction blocks in y direction dimension in y direction
nx
x [ft]
ny
y[ft]
335
100,646
618
201,956
Two vertical wells are located in the center of each of the two halves of the reservoir
presented by numerical model, data file in Appendix 5. Two vertical parallel fractures
were extending throughout the wells in both direction of x axis (Figure 5.7).
For better analysis, fractures have been enlarged and defined by green lines
and
fracture distance, y. This model is developed for two wells presented by black circles,
but this could represent two fractures in the same horizontal well.
Fracture length
2x
58
Well 1
Enlarged
Fracture
201,000
100,500
Initial Reservoir
Added Part of
Reservoir
Well 2
Enlarged
Fracture
Figure 5.7. Numerical model with two wells and two fractures
5.3. Constant Flow Rate Case
Total production flow rate was also doubled to 200 [stb/day]. Reservoir and fracture
physical characteristics and fluid PVT properties were constant. The only variable was
the distance between two fractures, y which was the maximum at the start of the
research. This distance has been decreased by removing grid blocks between fractures.
59
In order to make this observation dimensionless and applicable to the real well data,
different cases of length between two fractures are defined by length to distance ratio
(xf/y), where xf is fracture half-length and y is distance between two fractures. By
decreasing the length y, this length to distance ratio will increase. The length to distance
ratios 0.028, 4, 16, 63.8, and 255 were analyzed.
h
h
2xf
2xf
y2
y1
If
y1 < y2
then
xf
y1
>
xf
y2
Figure 5.8. Examples of different xf/y ratios
Figure 5.8. presents two cases of two fractures with y1 and y2 distance between them
and their reflection on the length to distance ratio. For lower distance between two
fractures, the length to distance ratio will be higher.
Data file for the case of constant rate, dimensionless fracture conductivity FCD=100 and
length to distance ratio xf/y=255 is presented in Appendix A5 and results of numerical
simulation are presented in the Table 8 in Appendix B.
60
Input data for simulation FCD, xf and kf were constant:

FCD = 100
xf = 2034 [ft]
kf = 10,215 [md]
Graphical solutions are given in Figure 5.9. For the higher distance y, the lower length
to distance ratio of 0.028, the simulation result fits the type curve of FCD=100. There is
no deviation from that base case. Decreasing distance y, length to distance ratio
increases and deviation appears earlier.
10
Dimensionless Pressure PD
FCD - dimensionless fracture conductivity

xf - fracture half-length
y - distance between two fractures
FCD=100
0.1
FCD
length to distance ratio
xf
y
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Figure 5.9. Constant rate case - Finite conductivity type curve for family of finite
conductivity fractures with deviations for fracture face interference for FCD=100
The higher length to distance ratio, the earlier the deviation. For the length to distance
ratio equal 255 the deviation is the greatest and it starts at early time.
61
For lower length to distance ratio, the dimensionless pressure will be lower, and
pressure will decrease slowly. Production time will be longer with constant rate and this
case is optimal. However, for the higher deviations from the base case FCD=100
higher length to distance ratios, the dimensionless pressure will be higher and pressure
decrease faster. This will cause shorter production time with constant production rate
and this presents the worse production option.
The same analysis was done for the FCD=1, 5, 10, 25, and 500 and graphical results are
presented in the Figures 1 to 6 in Appendix C. Difference between data files for
different dimensionless conductivities, FCD, is the number of grid blocks between two
fractures, the location of the wells and fractures.
5.4. Constant Pressure Case
Research methodology for this case was the same as for the case of the constant flow
rate. The reservoir was doubled and its geometry has already been described. Reservoir
and fracture physical characteristics and fluid PVT properties were constant. The only
variable was the distance between two fractures, y which was the maximum at the start
of the research. This distance has been decreased by removing grid blocks between
fractures.
62
Data file for length to distance ratio of 128 is given in the Appendix A6. Results of
numerical simulation and dimensionless time and flow rate are given in Table 9 in
Appendix B. Plot of well production rate versus time with length to distance ratio as
parameter is presented in Figure 5.10.
In this case instead of the reciprocal dimensionless flow rate for one fracture and one
well, the result that has been plotted is the reciprocal dimensionless flow rate for two
fracture system. Results of the simulation are the flow rates for one well but numerical
model is two-well two-fracture system. Total flow rate will be equal to the arithmetic
average of the flow rate of both of the wells (fractures) Equation (11), and it
represents the secondary axis on the Bennett finite conductivity type curve with
deviations for fracture face interference.
2
qDtfs
1
qD1 +qD2
2
(11)
Dimensionless results of the simulation were plotted on the Figure 5.10. and deviations
from the base case have been observed similarly like in the case of the constant flow
rate. For lower length to distance ratios, the deviations were not so high, but for higher
ratios these deviations were more explicit. The reciprocal dimensionless flow rate 1/qD
will be lower and production flow rate will be higher.
Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate 1/q D
10

FCD=100
1

xf
y
FCD
0.1
0.01
1
5
10
0.028
25
16.0
4.0
63.8
100
128
255
500
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate for

Two Fracture System 2/qDtfs
63
1.00E+00
Figure 5.10. Constant pressure case - Finite conductivity type curve for family of
finite conductivity fractures with deviations for fracture face interference for
FCD=100 (reciprocal rate)
Dimensionless Flow Rate q D
1000
100
10
FCD=100

xf
y
0.1
0.000001
0.028
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
128
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Figure 5.11. Constant pressure case - Finite conductivity type curve for family of
finite conductivity fractures with deviations for fracture face interference for
FCD=100 (rate)
64
This will cause the higher production with constant pressure (Figure 5.11). Contrary,
the higher length to distance ratio will result with higher reciprocal dimensionless flow
rate and lower flow rate. This means, the production will be lower with constant
pressure for higher deviations from base case and this is the worse case of the
production.
The similar analysis was done for dimensionless fractures conductivities of FCD=1, 5,
10, 25, and 500. Results are presented in the Figures 7 to 12 in Appendix C.
65
6. Fracture Face Interference for Point Source (Horizontal Well)
6.1. Point Source (Horizontal Well) Numerical Model
The FCD=100 type curve for constant rate and for constant pressure cases were the
object of analysis of fracture face interference for point source (horizontal well).
Numerical model and simulation methodology were the same as in the previous
described case. Besides doubled y dimension of the reservoir, the number of layers was
increased to 9 blocks keeping total reservoir thickness h=100[ft].
Total number of
blocks in x
direction
Total reservoir Total number of

dimension in x
blocks in y
direction
direction
Total reservoir
dimension in y
direction
Total number Total reservoir

of blocks in z dimension in z
direction
direction
nx
x [ft]
ny
y[ft]
nz
z[ft]
335
100,646
618
201,956
100
The point sources are located in the center of the reservoir, 5th block in z direction and
in the same position like vertical wells in previous model. Two vertical parallel
fractures were extending throughout the point sources in both direction of x axis. The
Figure 6.1. presents the fractures and point sources locations.
66
Figure 6.1. Point sources (horizontal well) with two vertical fractures
6.2. Constant Flow Rate Case
Production flow rate remains 200 [stb/day]. Reservoir and fracture physical
characteristics and fluid PVT properties were constant. The only variable was the
distance between two fractures, y which was the maximum at the start of the research.
This distance has been decreased by removing grid blocks between fractures. The
length to distance ratios 4, 16, 63.8, and 255 were analyzed.
Fracture length
2x
67
Eclipse simulator data input file for the point source case with constant rate,
dimensionless fracture conductivity FCD=100 and length to distance ratio xf/y=255 is
presented in Appendix A7 and results of numerical simulation are presented in the
Table 11 in Appendix B.
Graphical solutions are shown in Figure 6.2 comparing effects of various distance ratios
with FCD =100 to previously developed point source solutions for all FCD curves.
Observations are similar to those made for the line source (vertical well). Decreasing
distance y, length to distance ratio increases and deviation appears earlier.
10

1
FCD=100
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant flow rate and FCD=100 point source (horizontal well)
with previous point source solutions for all FCD values
68
This type curve is developed for the ratio fracture half-length versus reservoir thickness
xf/h =2043/100
The same analysis was done for the FCD=1, 5, 10, 25, and 500 and graphical results are
presented in the Appendix C Figures 13 to 18 .
The research methodology is almost identical to the one described in the case of the
constant flow rate. The only difference is the control mode and in this case it is
BHP=500 psi. Reservoir geometry has already been described and reservoir and fracture
physical characteristics and fluid PVT properties were constant. The only variable was
the distance between two fractures, y which was the maximum at the start of the
research. Simulation methodology was the same, the distance between fractures has
been decreased by removing grid blocks between fractures.
Eclipse simulator data input file for length to distance ratio, xf/y=255 and dimensionless
fracture conductivity, FCD=100 is given in the Appendix A8 for point source. Results of
numerical simulation and dimensionless time and flow rate are given in Table 11 in
Appendix B. Plot of well production rate versus time with length to distance ratio as
parameter is presented in Figure 6.3.
69
Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate 1/q

Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate For

Two Fractures System 2/q Dtfs
10
FCD=100
1
FCD
1
0.1
0.01
5
10
xf
y
25
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
128
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant pressure and FCD=100 point source (horizontal well)
with previous point source solutions for all FCD values
In these cases, the match with base case is observed at earlier time for lower length to
distance ratios and deviations are established at later times. This is especially obvious
for lower length to distance ratios. For the higher length to distance ratios, deviations
start earlier and increase earlier comparing with base case FCD=100 and lower length to
distance ratios.
For lower length to distance ratio, the reciprocal dimensionless flow rate 1/qD will be
lower and production flow rate will be higher (Figure 6.4.). This will cause the higher
production with constant pressure. Contrary, the higher length to distance ratio will
70
result with higher reciprocal dimensionless flow rate and lower flow rate. This means,
the production will be lower with constant pressure for higher deviations from base case
and this is the worse case of the production.
100
FCD=100
10

xf
y
4.0
16.0
1
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 6.4. Dimensionless rate versus dimensionless time with deviations for
fracture face interference for constant pressure case and FCD=100 Point source
(horizontal well)
This type curve is developed for the ratio fracture half-length versus reservoir thickness
xf/h =2043/100
The similar analysis was done for dimensionless fractures conductivities of FCD=1, 5,
10, 25, and 500. Results are presented in the Figures 19 to 24 in Appendix B.
71
6.4. McAlister Well Data
The motivation for predicting of fracture face interference was to determine if observed
well performance data could be attributed to this model. Gas well McAlister O.H. 16 in
East Newark field has been the subject of investigation. Well data were obtained from
Rail Road Commission of Texas, Oil and Gas Division.
Production Rate [Mcf/month]
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Time [months]
Figure 6.5. McAlister O.H. 16 monthly gas production data
Monthly gas production for the subject gas well in a semilog format is shown in Figure
6.5.
The McAlister O.H. 16 well was completed on December 15, 2002, as a horizontal well
in the Barnett Shale formation stimulated with hydraulic fracturing. Cumulative gas
production was 2,166 MMcf on October 1, 2007.
72
Time in months and monthly gas rate have been converted into dimensionless
parameters using multipliers
tM= 2.5E-6 [months-1]
qM=1,200 [Mcf/month-1]
where
t Dxf = t[months]t M
Mcf
qD = q
qM
month
Monthly gas production data, dimensionless time and dimensionless flow rate are listed
in Table 10 in Appendix B.
Results are plotted on Point source finite conductivity type curve for constant pressure
with deviations for fracture face interference, Figure 6.6. The FCD=100 type curve was
selected based on information supplemented by service company and the operator.
McAlister O. H. 16 well production data are presented as black squares. Comparing

production data with developed deviations from the base case of FCD=100, it is apparent
that well data can match curve of length to distance ratio xf/y=128. The interpretation
would be the fractures half-length of this well is equal to 128 times distance between
fractures. Other length to distance ratios could also be matched. A unique match would
require prior knowledge of fracture length or formation permeability. Alternatively,
fracture length to distance ratios could be interpreted from completion data or micro
seismic analysis. The finding of this work is simply that production performance of
73
fracture stimulated horizontal wells can be modeled by the effects of fracture face
interference.


10
FCD=100
1
FCD
1
0.1
0.01
5
10
25
4.0
100
16.0
500
63.8
0.001
0.000001
128
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Figure 6.6. Point Source finite conductivity type curve with deviations for
fracture face interference and McAlister O. H. 16 well data
74
7. Sensitivity Analysis of Research Results
7.1. Constant Rate Case
Initial pressure for the numerical model based on synthetic data was 5,000[psi]. The aim
of the sensitivity analysis in this case is to investigate the possibility of type curve
change with initial pressure change.
Three pressures values have been chosen for this investigation: pi=1000, 2000, and
5,000 [psi] for the fracture dimensionless conductivity FCD=5 (Figure 7.1.) and FCD=100
(Figure 7.2).
Results of simulation are the flow rates that have been converted in dimensionless ones
using equation (10) and time was converted in dimensionless time in function of the
fracture half-length using equation (8).
According to the Figures 7.1. and 7.2., the type curve matching has obtained providing
confirmation of the numerical simulation results and verification of the numerical
model. The new finite conductivity type curves for initial pressures 1,000, 2,000 and
5,000 [psi] do not have any deviations from the Bennett finite conductivity type curve
for FCD=5 and FCD=100.
75
Dimensionless Pressure p D
10
0.1
pi=1,000
pi=2,000
0.01
0.001
1.E-06
pi=5,000
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 7.1. Sensitivity analysis of change of initial pressure for FCD=5
10
0.1
pi=1,000
pi=2,000
0.01
0.001
1.E-06
pi=5,000
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 7.2. Sensitivity analysis of initial pressure change for FCD=100
76
Additional verification of the numerical model was performed by changing well

productivity indexes by adding keyword WELPI in Schedule section of Data File for
FCD=5 and FCD=100. The three different well productivity indexes were set up: initial
one, twice higher and twice lower than initial ones. Results are given in the Figures 7.3
and 7.4.
Results of the analysis are plotted on Bennett finite conductivity type curve for FCD=5
and FCD=100 and they match the numerical simulation solution and provide numerical
model verification.
10
0.1
Jinitial=1,285
J=2*Jinitial=2,536
0.01
0.001
1.E-06
J=0.5*Jinitial=634
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 7.3. Sensitivity analysis of the change of productivity index for FCD=5
77
These figures showed that for the different productivity indexes, it is obvious to have
type curve matching. There is no deviation from the developed type curve and constant
pressure production mode is not sensitive to the productivity index change.
10
0.1
Jinitial=25,710
J=2*Jinitial=50,730
0.01
0.001
1.E-06
J=0.5*Jinitial=12,682
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 7.4. Sensitivity analysis of the productivity index change for FCD=100
7.3. Sensitivity Analysis of Change of Fracture Half-Length for Vertical Well
Finite fracture type curves with deviations for fracture face interference have been
observed. To get those results, the fracture half-length of 2,043[ft] have been used as
input data. To check developed type curves for different length to distance ratios, it was
78
necessary to change fracture half-length. It was chosen to use fracture half-length xf =

506 [ft], with fracture permeability of kf = 2,530 [md].
Data file for length to distance ratio equal to 255 is given in Appendix A9. Since the
fracture half length is about four times less than in the previous case, the distance
between two fractures were adjusted to get the same ratio, 255. Using this methodology
it was possible to compare deviation for fracture face interference of two fractures with
different half-lengths.
Time and pressure multipliers are calculated using equations (8) and (9):
tM = 4.12E-03 [day-1]
pM = 7.08E-04 [psi-1]
Results of numerical simulation and dimensionless time and pressure data are given in
Table 12 in Appendix B.
These data were plotted on Bennett finite conductivity type curve with deviations for
fracture face interference developed in previous research. Results are the same. Colored
data point matches the derived curves of fracture face interference for the same length
to distance ratios and different fractures half-lengths. Figure 7.5. presents summary of
these results.
79
10
FCD=100
0.1
506
y
2043
y
0.01
0.001
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
36
36
255
255
1.E-01
1.E+00
Figure 7.5. Sensitivity analysis for different fractures half-lengths
According to the previous figure, there are no deviations from base cases. Developed
type curves for different length to distance ratios are not sensitive for the fracture halflength change.
7.4. Sensitivity Analysis of Change of Number of Grid Blocks in z Direction for

Point Source
The analysis of point source for both cases constant pressure and constant flow rate
was performed for 9 blocks in z direction. The sensitivity analysis aim was to check the
80
simulation results if number of grid blocks increases to the 13. Results are plotted on the
Figure 7.6.
According to the figure, the change of the number of grid blocks in z direction do not
have influence on the analysis of the point source which will have the same
performance independently on the number of grid blocks in the z direction.
10
FCD=1
1
0.1
9 blocks
0.01
0.001
1.E-06
13 blocks
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00

Figure 7.6. Sensitivity analysis for different number of the grid blocks in z
direction for point source, constant rate case and FCD=1
81
8. Summary and Recommendations
8.1. Summary
1. A single layer numerical model (two-dimensional) was developed for low

permeability hydraulically fractured reservoirs from finite conductivity vertical
fractures for both constant pressure and constant rate at the well bore.
2. The numerical model was extended to nine layers (three-dimensional) with a
connection in the central layer in vertical direction to extend the solution for
horizontal wells.
3. The
numerical
models
(two-dimensional
and
three-dimensional)
also
incorporated a second vertical fracture and the results of fracture face

interference was determined for both vertical (offsetting) and horizontal wells
(multistage completion).
82
8.2. Recommendations for Future Work
1. The future work includes the application of the pressure derivative on the newly
developed type curves for constant rate production and rate integral and integralderivative (normalized rate) for a constant pressure production.
2. Numerical model extension for multiple (more than two) hydraulically
stimulated fractures.
3. The third goal of the future work should be investigation of the fracture face
interference influence of the different ratios of fracture half-length and reservoir
thickness for the horizontal well case.
4. Incorporation of micro seismic data for verification of the rate transient analysis
using newly developed type curves.
5. The ability to predict future performance of multistage completion of horizontal
wells in tight reservoirs to allow economic optimization in field development.
83
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and Engineering 57 (2007), 303-320
Nederlof, M. H The Scope for Natural Gas Supplies from Unconventional Sources
Ann. Rev. Energy. 13, 1988, 95-117
Railroad
Comission
of
Texas,
Oil
and
Gas
Division
http://webapps.rrc.state.tx.us/PDQ/quickLeaseReportBuilderAction.do,
Downloaded April 2008
Shanley, K.W., Cluff, R.M, and Robinson, J.M. Factors Controlling Prolific Gas
Production From Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs: Implications for
Resource Assessment, Prospect Development, and Risk Analysis The American
Association of Petroleum Geology Bulletin 88 (8), 2004, 1083-1121
Stevens, S.H., Kuuskraa, J., Kuuskraa, V. Unconventional Natural Gas in the

United States: Production, Reserves and Resource Potential 1988
86
Tiab, D Analysis of Pressure Derivative Without Type-Curve Matching:

Vertically Fractured Wells in Closed Systems Journal of Petroleum Science and
Engineering, 11 (1994), Paper SPE 26138
Tiab, D Analysis of Pressure and Pressure Derivative Without Type-Curve

Matching: 1-Skin and Well bore Storage Paper SPE 25423 presented at the
Production Operations Symposium held in Oklahoma City, March 1993. Also,
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 12 (1995)
Tiab, D Analysis of Pressure Derivative Data for Hydraulically Fractured Wells

by the Tiabs Direct Synthesis Technique Journal of Petroleum Science and
Engineering, 49 (2005), Paper SPE 52201
Van Golf-Racht, T.D. Fundamentals of Fractured Reservoir Engineering 1982
87
APPENDIX
88
Appendix A1 Eclipse Data Input File for FCD=100, Constant Rate Case And
Vertical Well Line Source
-- Constant Flow Rate Case q = 100 [STB/DAY]
-- Vertical fracture FCD=100
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
Vertical fracture model, (Wf)r=0.5 in ==> (Wf)e=2 ft
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
309
1
-- Fluid phases present

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
--length of stack used by linear solver
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
1
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group
-- Start simulation date

START
1 JAN 1997 /
-- run to be restarted from unified restart file
UNIFIN
-- Restart and summary files written are to be unified
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
103515*4950 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
89
Vertical Well Line Source - continued
DZ
103515*100 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
155
309
309
309
309
155
155
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/
/
/
/
-----
reservoir X permeability
reservoir Porosity
equivalent fracture X permeability
equivalent fracture porosity/
1 /
1 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
5000
OWC
DEPTH
1*
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
90
-- Well quantities
-- Well BHP
WBHP
/
-- Well water production rate
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155
BHP PHASE DRAINAGE FLAG FLAG FLAG PRESS FLAG

DEPTH
RADIUS
GAS SHUT CROSS TABLE DENS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
-- WELL --LOCATION-OPEN/
SAT CONN WELL
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
TAB FACT DIAM
KH FACTOR FACTOR DIRECTION
W1
168 155
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL OPEN/
-- NAME SHUT
W1
OPEN
/
TSTEP
0.00001157
3.46E-05
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
1.38E+03
END
CNTL
MODE
WRAT
OIL WATER GAS LIQU

RATE RATE RATE RATE
1*
100
1*
1*
1.39E-05
4.15E-05
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
/
1.67E-05
4.98E-05
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
RES BHP
RATE
1*
1*
2.00E-05
5.97E-05
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
7.99E+02
THP
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
ALQ
1* /
2.40E-05
7.17E-05
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
9.58E+02
2.88E-05
8.60E-05
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
1.15E+03
91
Appendix A2 Eclipse Data Input File for FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case And
Vertical Well Line Source
-- Constant Pressure Case BHP=500 [psi]
-- Vertical Fracture FCD=100
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
Vertical hydraulic fracture model, (Wf)r=0.5 in ==> (Wf)e=2 ft
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
309
1

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
1
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
103515*4950 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
92
DZ
103515*100 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
155
309
309
155
155
309
309
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/
/
/
/
-----
reservoir Porosity
equivalent fracture X porosity/
1 /
1 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
1
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
CW
3.0D-6
VW(PREF)
1
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
SUMMARY
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
==========================================================================
-- Well quantities
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
93
SCHEDULE
RPTRST
BASIC=3
==========================================================================
FREQ=1 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
SAT CONN
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
TAB FACT
W1
168 155 1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL OPEN/
-- NAME SHUT
W1
OPEN
/
TSTEP
0.00001157
3.46E-05
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
1.38E+03
4.12E+03
END
CNTL
MODE
BHP
WELL
DIAM
0.60
OIL WATER GAS LIQU

RATE RATE RATE RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
1.39E-05
4.15E-05
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
1.66E+03
4.95E+03
1.67E-05
4.98E-05
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
1.99E+03
5.93E+03
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
1*
0
0
Z /
RES BHP
RATE
1*
500
2.00E-05
5.97E-05
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
7.99E+02
2.39E+03
7.12E+03
THP
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
ALQ
1* /
2.40E-05
7.17E-05
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
9.58E+02
2.86E+03
8.55E+03
2.88E-05
8.60E-05
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
1.15E+03
3.43E+03
1.03E+04
94
Horizontal Well - Point Source
-- Vertical fracture FCD=100, constant rate and point source
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
309
9

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
1
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
103515*4950 103515*4971 103515*4987 103515*4995 103515*4999
103515*5001 103515*5005 103515*5013 103515*5029 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
95
Horizontal Well - Point Source - continued
DZ
103515*21 103515*16 103515*8 103515*4 103515*2
103515*4 103515*8 103515*16 103515*21 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
155
309
309
309
309
155
155
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
/
/
/
/
-----
reservoir porosity
equivalent fracture X perm.
9 /
9 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
====================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
96
-- Well BHP
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
SAT CONN WELL
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
TAB FACT DIAM
W1
168 155
5
5
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL OPEN/
-- NAME SHUT
W1
OPEN
/
TSTEP
0.00001157
3.46E-05
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
1.38E+03
END
CNTL
MODE
WRAT
OIL WATER GAS LIQU

RATE RATE RATE RATE
1*
100
1*
1*
1.39E-05
4.15E-05
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
/
1.67E-05
4.98E-05
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
RES BHP
RATE
1*
1*
2.00E-05
5.97E-05
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
7.99E+02
THP
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
ALQ
1* /
2.40E-05
7.17E-05
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
9.58E+02
2.88E-05
8.60E-05
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
1.15E+03
97
Horizontal Well - Point Source
--- Vertical fracture, FCD=100, constant pressure, point source
-NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
Vertical hydraulic fracture model, (Wf)r=0.5 in ==> (Wf)e=2 ft
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
309
9

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
1
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
103515*4950 103515*4971 103515*4987 103515*4995 103515*4999
103515*5001 103515*5005 103515*5013 103515*5029 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
98
DZ
103515*21 103515*16 103515*8 103515*4 103515*2 103515*4 103515*8 103515*16 103515*21 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
155
309
309
155
155
309
309
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
/
/
/
/
-----
reservoir Porosity
equivalent fracture X porosity/
9 /
9 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
PVTW
-- PREF
5000
/
==========================================================================
BW(PREF)
CW
1
3.0D-6
1
ROCK
-- PREF
5000
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
SUMMARY
5000
OWC
DEPTH
1*
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
==========================================================================
-- Well quantities
WBHP /
99
WWPR
/
SCHEDULE
RPTRST
BASIC=3
==========================================================================
FREQ=1 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
W1
168 155 5 5 OPEN
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL OPEN/
-- NAME SHUT
W1
OPEN
/
TSTEP
0.00001157
3.46E-05
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
1.38E+03
4.12E+03
END
CNTL
MODE
BHP
SAT
TAB
1*
CONN WELL
FACT DIAM
1*
0.60
OIL WATER GAS LIQU

RATE RATE RATE RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
1.39E-05
4.15E-05
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
1.66E+03
4.95E+03
1.67E-05
4.98E-05
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
1.99E+03
5.93E+03
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
1*
0
0
Z /
RES BHP
RATE
1*
500
2.00E-05
5.97E-05
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
7.99E+02
2.39E+03
7.12E+03
THP
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
ALQ
1* /
2.40E-05
7.17E-05
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
9.58E+02
2.86E+03
8.55E+03
2.88E-05
8.60E-05
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
1.15E+03
3.43E+03
1.03E+04
100
Appendix A5 Eclipse Data Input File for FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255
and Two Vertical Wells Line Sources
-- FCD=100, Constant Rate Case
-- Vertical fracture xf/y=255, two vertical well
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
312
1

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
2
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
104520*4950 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4
4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
101
and Two Vertical Wells Line Sources - continued
DZ
104520*100 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PERMX
PORO
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
10215
0.0073
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
187
187
335
335
1
1
155
158
155
158
1
1
312
312
155
158
155
158
312
312
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/
/
/
/
/
/
-------
reservoir Porosity
equivalent fracture porosity
1 /
1 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
-- Well quantities
102
and Two Vertical Wells Line Sources - continued
-- Well BHP
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
W2
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155
168 158

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
/
/
COMPDAT
SAT CONN WELL
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
TAB FACT DIAM
W1
168 155
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
W2
168 158
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL
-- NAME
W1
W2
OPEN/
SHUT
OPEN
OPEN
CNTL
MODE
WRAT
WRAT
OIL
RATE
1*
1*
WATER
RATE
100
100
GAS
RATE
1*
1*
LIQU
RATE
1*
1*
RES BHP
RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
THP
1*
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
1*
ALQ
1* /
1* /
/
TSTEP
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
/
END
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
103
Appendix A6 Eclipse Data Input File for FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case,
xf/y=128 and Two Vertical Wells Line Sources
-- FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case
-- Vertical fracture xf/y=128, two vertical wells
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
314
1

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
2
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
105190*4950 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4 8
8 4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
104
xf/y=128 and Two Vertical Wells Line Sources - continued
DZ
105190*100 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PERMX
PORO
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
10215
0.0073
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
160
155
160
314
314
314
314
155
160
155
160
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/
/
/
/
/
/
-------
reservoir Porosity
1 /
1 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
105
xf/y=128 and Two Vertical Wells Line Sources - continued
-- Well BHP
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
W2
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155
168 160

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
/
/
COMPDAT
SAT CONN WELL
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
TAB FACT DIAM
W1
168 155
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
W2
168 160
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL
-- NAME
W1
W2
OPEN/
SHUT
OPEN
OPEN
CNTL
MODE
BHP
BHP
OIL WATER GAS LIQU

RATE RATE RATE RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
RES BHP
RATE
1*
500
1*
500
THP
1*
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
1*
ALQ
1* /
1* /
/
TSTEP
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
/
END
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
106
and Horizontal Well - Point Source
-- Constant rate case, point source
-- FCD=100
-- Two vertical fractures, xf/y=255
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
312 9

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
2
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
104520*4950 104520*4971 104520*4987 104520*4995 104520*4999
104520*5001 104520*5005 104520*5013 104520*5029 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4
4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
107
and Horizontal Well - Point Source - continued
DZ
104520*21 104520*16 104520*8 104520*4 104520*2
104520*4 104520*8 104520*16 104520*21 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PERMX
PORO
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
10215
0.0073
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
158
155
158
312
312
312
312
155
158
155
158
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
/
/
/
/
/
/
-------
reservoir Porosity
9 /
9 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
108
and Horizontal Well - Point Source - continued
-- Well BHP
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
W2
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155
168 158

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
W1
168 155 5 5
OPEN
W2
168 158 5 5
OPEN
SAT
TAB
1*
1*
CONN WELL
FACT DIAM
1*
0.60
1*
0.60
/
/
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
1*
0
0
Z
/
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL
-- NAME
W1
W2
OPEN/
SHUT
OPEN
OPEN
CNTL
MODE
WRAT
WRAT
OIL
RATE
1*
1*
WATER
RATE
100
100
GAS
RATE
1*
1*
LIQU
RATE
1*
1*
RES BHP
RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
THP
1*
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
1*
ALQ
1* /
1* /
/
TSTEP
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
/
END
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
109
xf/y=255 and Horizontal Well - Point Source
-- Constant pressure case, point source
-- FCD=100
-- Two vertical fractures, xf/y=255
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
DIMENS
---- dx
335
dy
dz
312 9

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
2
# connections,
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
104520*4950 104520*4971 104520*4987 104520*4995 104520*4999
104520*5001 104520*5005 104520*5013 104520*5029 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 6*256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 4
4 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340 /
110
xf/y=255 and Horizontal Well - Point Source - continued
DZ
104520*21 104520*16 104520*8 104520*4 104520*2
104520*4 104520*8 104520*16 104520*21 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PERMX
PORO
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
10215
10215
0.0073
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
149
149
1
1
335
335
187
187
187
187
335
335
1
1
1
1
155
158
155
158
312
312
312
312
155
158
155
158
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
/
/
/
/
/
/
-------
reservoir Porosity
9 /
9 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
111
xf/y=255 and Horizontal Well - Point Source - continued
-- Well BHP
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
W2
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
168 155
168 158

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
W1
168 155 5 5
OPEN
W2
168 158 5 5
OPEN
SAT
TAB
1*
1*
CONN WELL
FACT DIAM
1*
0.60
1*
0.60
/
/
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
1*
0
0
Z
/
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL
-- NAME
W1
W2
OPEN/
SHUT
OPEN
OPEN
CNTL OIL
MODE RATE
BHP 1*
BHP 1*
WATER GAS LIQU RES BHP

RATE RATE RATE RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
500
1*
1*
1*
1*
500
THP
1*
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
1*
ALQ
1* /
1* /
/
TSTEP
1.03E-04
3.08E-04
9.20E-04
2.75E-03
8.20E-03
2.45E-02
7.31E-02
2.18E-01
6.52E-01
1.95E+00
5.81E+00
1.74E+01
5.18E+01
1.55E+02
4.62E+02
/
END
1.24E-04
3.70E-04
1.10E-03
3.30E-03
9.84E-03
2.94E-02
8.78E-02
2.62E-01
7.83E-01
2.34E+00
6.98E+00
2.08E+01
6.22E+01
1.86E+02
5.55E+02
1.49E-04
4.44E-04
1.32E-03
3.96E-03
1.18E-02
3.53E-02
1.05E-01
3.15E-01
9.39E-01
2.80E+00
8.37E+00
2.50E+01
7.47E+01
2.23E+02
6.66E+02
1.78E-04
5.32E-04
1.59E-03
4.75E-03
1.42E-02
4.23E-02
1.26E-01
3.77E-01
1.13E+00
3.37E+00
1.00E+01
3.00E+01
8.96E+01
2.67E+02
2.14E-04
6.39E-04
1.91E-03
5.70E-03
1.70E-02
5.08E-02
1.52E-01
4.53E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
1.21E+01
3.60E+01
1.08E+02
3.21E+02
2.57E-04
7.67E-04
2.29E-03
6.84E-03
2.04E-02
6.10E-02
1.82E-01
5.43E-01
1.62E+00
4.85E+00
1.45E+01
4.32E+01
1.29E+02
3.85E+02
112
and Fracture Half-Length 506[ft] for Vertical Well Line Sources
-- Constant rate case, FCD=100
-- Fracture half-length 506
-- Vertical fracture xf/y=255
NOECHO
RUNSPEC
=========================================================================
TITLE
DIMENS
---- dx
323
dy
dz
311
1

WATER
-- Units
FIELD
NSTACK
50 /
------------ #wells,
WELLDIMS
2
# connections,
2
#groups,
#wells per group

START
1 JAN 1997 /
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
GRID
===========================================================================
TOPS
100453*4950 /
DXV
-- reservoir
139*340 3*256 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- half fracture-1
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 128 64 32 16 8 4
-- well
2
-- half fracture-1
4 8 16 32 64 128 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
-- reservoir
4 8 16 32 64 128 3*256 139*340
/
DYV
147*340 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 2
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 147*340
/
113
and Fracture Half-Length 506[ft] for Vertical Well Line Sources - continued
DZ
100453*100 /
EQUALS
PERMX
PORO
PERMX
PERMX
PORO
PORO
/
COPY
PERMX
PERMX
/
0.1
0.2
2530
2530
0.0073
0.0073
PERMY
PERMZ
1
1
149
149
149
149
1
1
323
323
175
175
175
175
323
323
1
1
1
1
155
157
155
157
311
311
311
311
155
157
155
157
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/
/
/
/
/
/
-------
reservoir Porosity
1 /
1 /
INIT
GRIDFILE
0 1 /
RPTGRID
TRANX TRANY /
PROPS
==========================================================================
PVTW
-- PREF
4014.7
/
BW(PREF)
CW
1.0
3.0D-6
ROCK
-- PREF
4014.7
/
DENSITY
-- OIL
44.09
VW(PREF)
1.0
0
CVW
CR
0
WATER
62.28
GAS
0.066 /
RPTPROPS
/
SOLUTION
=========================================================================
-DATUM
-DEPTH
EQUIL
5000
DATUM
PRESS
OWC
DEPTH
5000
1*
RPTSOL
-- Fluid
-- in place
FIP=1
OWC
PCOW
GOC
DEPTH
1*
1*
GOC
PCOG
1*
RSVD
TABLE
1*
RVVD
TABLE
1*
SOLN
METH
1*
Create init
Restart file
RESTART=2 /
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
SUMMARY
==========================================================================
114
and Fracture Half-Length 506[ft] for Vertical Well Line Sources - continued
-- Well quantities
WBHP
/
WWPR
/
RUNSUM
EXCEL
SCHEDULE
==========================================================================
RPTRST
BASIC=2 /
RPTSCHED
WELSPECS /
WELSPECS
-- WELL GROUP
-- NAME NAME
W1
G
W2
G
/
-LOCATIONI
J
162 155
162 157

DEPTH
RADIUS
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
1*
WATER
1*
STD
SHUT
NO
1*
SEG
COMPDAT
SAT CONN WELL
EFF SKIN
D
PENETRATION
-- NAME
I J K1 K2 SHUT
TAB FACT DIAM
W1
162 155
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
W2
162 157
1
1
OPEN
1*
1*
0.60
1*
0
0
Z
/
/
WCONPROD
-- WELL
-- NAME
W1
W2
OPEN/
SHUT
OPEN
OPEN
CNTL
MODE
WRAT
WRAT
OIL
RATE
1*
1*
WATER
RATE
100
100
GAS
RATE
1*
1*
LIQU
RATE
1*
1*
RES BHP
RATE
1*
1*
1*
1*
THP
1*
1*
VFP
TABLE
1*
1*
ALQ
1* /
1* /
/
TSTEP
1.18E-02
2.94E-02
7.31E-02
1.82E-01
4.52E-01
1.13E+00
2.80E+00
6.97E+00
1.74E+01
4.33E+01
1.08E+02
2.68E+02
6.67E+02
END
1.42E-02
3.52E-02
8.77E-02
2.18E-01
5.43E-01
1.35E+00
3.36E+00
8.36E+00
2.09E+01
5.20E+01
1.29E+02
3.22E+02
8.00E+02
1.70E-02
4.23E-02
1.05E-01
2.62E-01
6.51E-01
1.62E+00
4.03E+00
1.00E+01
2.51E+01
6.23E+01
1.55E+02
3.86E+02
9.61E+02
2.04E-02
5.07E-02
1.26E-01
3.14E-01
7.82E-01
1.95E+00
4.84E+00
1.20E+01
3.01E+01
7.48E+01
1.86E+02
4.63E+02
1.15E+03
2.45E-02
6.09E-02
1.52E-01
3.77E-01
9.38E-01
2.33E+00
5.81E+00
1.45E+01
3.61E+01
8.98E+01
2.23E+02
5.56E+02
1.38E+03
/
/
115
APPENDIX
116

Pressure and Rate
t [days]
0
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
tDxf
0
2.92E-09
6.44E-09
1.07E-08
1.57E-08
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
2.58E-05
3.09E-05
3.71E-05
q [stb/day]
0
11,480
6,451
5,335
4,870
4,635
4,506
4,432
4,387
4,356
4,331
4,308
4,283
4,254
4,221
4,183
4,138
4,085
4,025
3,955
3,875
3,785
3,684
3,573
3,452
3,322
3,186
3,045
2,903
2,763
2,627
2,499
2,379
2,269
2,167
2,072
1,982
1,896
1,814
1,733
1,656
1,582
1,512
1,445
qD
0
3.60E+01
2.02E+01
1.67E+01
1.53E+01
1.45E+01
1.41E+01
1.39E+01
1.38E+01
1.37E+01
1.36E+01
1.35E+01
1.34E+01
1.33E+01
1.32E+01
1.31E+01
1.30E+01
1.28E+01
1.26E+01
1.24E+01
1.22E+01
1.19E+01
1.16E+01
1.12E+01
1.08E+01
1.04E+01
1.00E+01
9.56E+00
9.11E+00
8.67E+00
8.24E+00
7.84E+00
7.47E+00
7.12E+00
6.80E+00
6.50E+00
6.22E+00
5.95E+00
5.69E+00
5.44E+00
5.20E+00
4.96E+00
4.74E+00
4.53E+00
p [psi]
5000
4,961.11
4,942.71
4,929.86
4,920.28
4,913.04
4,907.68
4,903.80
4,901.09
4,899.23
4,897.95
4,897.00
4,896.21
4,895.45
4,894.62
4,893.68
4,892.57
4,891.27
4,889.74
4,887.94
4,885.84
4,883.39
4,880.57
4,877.31
4,873.60
4,869.40
4,864.71
4,859.50
4,853.75
4,847.51
4,840.80
4,833.68
4,826.18
4,818.33
4,810.17
4,801.67
4,792.82
4,783.56
4,773.84
4,763.62
4,752.82
4,741.50
4,729.63
4,717.21
pD
n/a
2.75E-02
4.06E-02
4.97E-02
5.65E-02
6.16E-02
6.54E-02
6.81E-02
7.00E-02
7.14E-02
7.23E-02
7.29E-02
7.35E-02
7.40E-02
7.46E-02
7.53E-02
7.61E-02
7.70E-02
7.81E-02
7.94E-02
8.09E-02
8.26E-02
8.46E-02
8.69E-02
8.95E-02
9.25E-02
9.58E-02
9.95E-02
1.04E-01
1.08E-01
1.13E-01
1.18E-01
1.23E-01
1.29E-01
1.34E-01
1.40E-01
1.47E-01
1.53E-01
1.60E-01
1.67E-01
1.75E-01
1.83E-01
1.91E-01
2.00E-01
117

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate - continued
t [days]
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.46E-05
1,381
5.35E-05
1,321
6.42E-05
1,263
7.70E-05
1,208
9.24E-05
1,155
1.11E-04
1,104
1.33E-04
1,056
1.60E-04
1,010
1.91E-04
966
2.30E-04
924
2.76E-04
885
3.31E-04
847
3.97E-04
810
4.77E-04
775
5.72E-04
742
6.87E-04
710
8.24E-04
680
9.89E-04
652
1.19E-03
624
1.42E-03
598
1.71E-03
573
2.05E-03
549
2.46E-03
526
2.95E-03
504
3.54E-03
483
4.25E-03
463
5.10E-03
444
6.12E-03
426
7.35E-03
408
8.82E-03
392
1.06E-02
376
1.27E-02
361
1.52E-02
346
1.83E-02
333
2.19E-02
320
2.63E-02
307
3.16E-02
295
3.79E-02
284
4.55E-02
273
5.46E-02
262
6.55E-02
252
7.86E-02
242
9.43E-02
232
1.13E-01
223
1.36E-01
214
qD
4.33E+00
4.15E+00
3.96E+00
3.79E+00
3.62E+00
3.46E+00
3.31E+00
3.17E+00
3.03E+00
2.90E+00
2.78E+00
2.66E+00
2.54E+00
2.43E+00
2.33E+00
2.23E+00
2.13E+00
2.04E+00
1.96E+00
1.88E+00
1.80E+00
1.72E+00
1.65E+00
1.58E+00
1.52E+00
1.45E+00
1.39E+00
1.34E+00
1.28E+00
1.23E+00
1.18E+00
1.13E+00
1.09E+00
1.04E+00
1.00E+00
9.63E-01
9.26E-01
8.90E-01
8.55E-01
8.22E-01
7.90E-01
7.59E-01
7.29E-01
7.00E-01
6.72E-01
p [psi]
4,704.24
4,690.69
4,676.54
4,661.71
4,646.15
4,629.88
4,612.84
4,595.10
4,576.59
4,557.19
4,537.01
4,515.99
4,493.99
4,472.96
4,449.37
4,424.22
4,399.38
4,372.86
4,345.06
4,316.60
4,286.66
4,255.43
4,222.96
4,188.75
4,153.52
4,116.44
4,077.95
4,037.91
3,996.19
3,952.88
3,907.90
3,861.13
3,812.92
3,762.64
3,710.70
3,656.93
3,601.32
3,543.52
3,483.49
3,421.05
3,356.09
3,288.44
3,217.92
3,144.33
3,067.62
pD
2.09E-01
2.19E-01
2.29E-01
2.40E-01
2.51E-01
2.62E-01
2.74E-01
2.87E-01
3.00E-01
3.14E-01
3.28E-01
3.43E-01
3.58E-01
3.73E-01
3.90E-01
4.08E-01
4.25E-01
4.44E-01
4.64E-01
4.84E-01
5.05E-01
5.27E-01
5.50E-01
5.75E-01
5.99E-01
6.26E-01
6.53E-01
6.81E-01
7.11E-01
7.42E-01
7.73E-01
8.07E-01
8.41E-01
8.76E-01
9.13E-01
9.51E-01
9.91E-01
1.03E+00
1.07E+00
1.12E+00
1.16E+00
1.21E+00
1.26E+00
1.31E+00
1.37E+00
118

t [days]
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.63E-01
206
1.96E-01
197
2.35E-01
190
2.82E-01
182
3.38E-01
175
4.06E-01
168
4.87E-01
162
5.36E-01
158
5.84E-01
155
6.43E-01
152
7.01E-01
149
7.71E-01
146
8.41E-01
144
9.25E-01
141
1.01E+00
139
1.10E+00
136
1.16E+00
135
1.21E+00
134
1.30E+00
132
1.38E+00
130
1.45E+00
129
1.55E+00
128
1.64E+00
126
1.69E+00
126
1.74E+00
125
1.84E+00
124
1.93E+00
123
2.01E+00
122
2.09E+00
121
2.19E+00
120
2.28E+00
119
2.37E+00
118
2.44E+00
118
2.51E+00
117
2.60E+00
116
2.70E+00
116
2.79E+00
115
2.88E+00
114
2.95E+00
114
3.02E+00
113
3.11E+00
113
3.20E+00
112
3.29E+00
112
3.38E+00
111
3.48E+00
111
qD
6.45E-01
6.20E-01
5.95E-01
5.71E-01
5.49E-01
5.28E-01
5.07E-01
4.97E-01
4.87E-01
4.78E-01
4.69E-01
4.60E-01
4.51E-01
4.43E-01
4.35E-01
4.28E-01
4.24E-01
4.20E-01
4.14E-01
4.09E-01
4.05E-01
4.01E-01
3.96E-01
3.94E-01
3.92E-01
3.88E-01
3.85E-01
3.82E-01
3.79E-01
3.76E-01
3.73E-01
3.71E-01
3.69E-01
3.67E-01
3.65E-01
3.62E-01
3.60E-01
3.58E-01
3.57E-01
3.56E-01
3.54E-01
3.52E-01
3.50E-01
3.49E-01
3.47E-01
p [psi]
2,987.31
2,904.00
2,817.14
2,726.80
2,633.10
2,536.18
2,435.83
2,380.51
2,329.27
2,272.74
2,220.41
2,162.64
2,109.18
2,050.27
1,995.80
1,940.64
1,909.28
1,879.26
1,832.10
1,795.71
1,761.10
1,720.87
1,682.76
1,661.47
1,640.83
1,606.65
1,574.02
1,546.09
1,519.21
pD
1.43E+00
1.48E+00
1.55E+00
1.61E+00
1.68E+00
1.74E+00
1.82E+00
1.86E+00
1.89E+00
1.93E+00
1.97E+00
2.01E+00
2.05E+00
2.09E+00
2.13E+00
2.17E+00
2.19E+00
2.21E+00
2.24E+00
2.27E+00
2.29E+00
2.32E+00
2.35E+00
2.36E+00
2.38E+00
2.40E+00
2.43E+00
2.45E+00
2.47E+00
119

t [days]
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
3.55E+00
110
3.62E+00
110
3.71E+00
109
3.80E+00
109
3.90E+00
109
3.99E+00
108
4.08E+00
108
4.17E+00
107
4.26E+00
107
4.34E+00
107
4.43E+00
106
4.53E+00
106
4.62E+00
106
4.71E+00
105
4.80E+00
105
4.90E+00
105
4.99E+00
104
5.08E+00
104
5.14E+00
104
5.21E+00
104
5.30E+00
103
5.39E+00
103
5.49E+00
103
5.58E+00
103
5.67E+00
102
5.76E+00
102
5.85E+00
102
5.95E+00
102
6.04E+00
101
6.13E+00
101
6.19E+00
101
6.25E+00
101
6.34E+00
101
6.43E+00
100
6.53E+00
100
6.62E+00
100
6.71E+00
100
6.80E+00
100
6.90E+00
99
6.99E+00
99
7.08E+00
99
7.17E+00
99
7.26E+00
99
7.36E+00
98
7.43E+00
98
qD
3.46E-01
3.45E-01
3.44E-01
3.42E-01
3.41E-01
3.40E-01
3.38E-01
3.37E-01
3.36E-01
3.35E-01
3.34E-01
3.33E-01
3.32E-01
3.31E-01
3.30E-01
3.29E-01
3.28E-01
3.27E-01
3.26E-01
3.25E-01
3.25E-01
3.24E-01
3.23E-01
3.22E-01
3.21E-01
3.20E-01
3.20E-01
3.19E-01
3.18E-01
3.17E-01
3.17E-01
3.16E-01
3.16E-01
3.15E-01
3.14E-01
3.14E-01
3.13E-01
3.12E-01
3.12E-01
3.11E-01
3.11E-01
3.10E-01
3.09E-01
3.09E-01
3.08E-01
120

t [days]
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
7.50E+00
98
7.59E+00
98
7.69E+00
98
7.78E+00
98
7.87E+00
97
7.96E+00
97
8.05E+00
97
8.15E+00
97
8.24E+00
97
8.33E+00
97
8.42E+00
96
8.52E+00
96
8.61E+00
96
8.70E+00
96
8.79E+00
96
8.88E+00
96
8.94E+00
96
9.00E+00
96
9.09E+00
95
9.18E+00
95
9.28E+00
95
9.37E+00
95
9.46E+00
95
9.55E+00
95
9.65E+00
95
9.74E+00
94
9.83E+00
94
9.92E+00
94
1.00E+01
94
1.01E+01
94
1.02E+01
94
1.03E+01
94
1.04E+01
94
1.05E+01
94
1.06E+01
93
1.07E+01
93
1.07E+01
93
1.08E+01
93
1.09E+01
93
1.10E+01
93
1.11E+01
93
1.12E+01
93
1.13E+01
93
1.14E+01
92
1.14E+01
92
qD
3.08E-01
3.07E-01
3.07E-01
3.06E-01
3.06E-01
3.05E-01
3.05E-01
3.04E-01
3.04E-01
3.03E-01
3.03E-01
3.02E-01
3.02E-01
3.01E-01
3.01E-01
3.00E-01
3.00E-01
3.00E-01
2.99E-01
2.99E-01
2.99E-01
2.98E-01
2.98E-01
2.97E-01
2.97E-01
2.96E-01
2.96E-01
2.96E-01
2.95E-01
2.95E-01
2.94E-01
2.94E-01
2.94E-01
2.93E-01
2.93E-01
2.93E-01
2.92E-01
2.92E-01
2.92E-01
2.91E-01
2.91E-01
2.91E-01
2.90E-01
2.90E-01
2.90E-01
121

t [days]
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
6.00E+04
6.04E+04
6.08E+04
6.11E+04
6.14E+04
6.16E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.15E+01
92
1.16E+01
92
1.17E+01
92
1.18E+01
92
1.19E+01
92
1.20E+01
92
1.21E+01
92
1.22E+01
92
1.23E+01
91
1.24E+01
91
1.25E+01
91
1.26E+01
91
1.26E+01
91
1.27E+01
91
1.28E+01
91
1.29E+01
91
1.30E+01
91
1.31E+01
91
1.31E+01
91
1.32E+01
91
1.33E+01
90
1.34E+01
90
1.35E+01
90
1.36E+01
90
1.37E+01
90
1.38E+01
90
1.39E+01
90
1.40E+01
90
1.41E+01
90
1.42E+01
90
1.43E+01
90
1.43E+01
90
1.44E+01
89
1.45E+01
89
1.46E+01
89
1.47E+01
89
1.48E+01
89
1.49E+01
89
1.50E+01
89
1.51E+01
89
1.52E+01
89
1.53E+01
89
1.54E+01
89
1.55E+01
89
1.55E+01
89
1.56E+01
89
qD
2.89E-01
2.89E-01
2.89E-01
2.88E-01
2.88E-01
2.88E-01
2.88E-01
2.87E-01
2.87E-01
2.87E-01
2.86E-01
2.86E-01
2.86E-01
2.85E-01
2.85E-01
2.85E-01
2.85E-01
2.85E-01
2.84E-01
2.84E-01
2.84E-01
2.83E-01
2.83E-01
2.83E-01
2.83E-01
2.82E-01
2.82E-01
2.82E-01
2.82E-01
2.81E-01
2.81E-01
2.81E-01
2.81E-01
2.80E-01
2.80E-01
2.80E-01
2.80E-01
2.79E-01
2.79E-01
2.79E-01
2.79E-01
2.79E-01
2.78E-01
2.78E-01
2.78E-01
2.78E-01
122

Pressure and Rate
t [days]
0
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
tDxf
0
2.92E-09
6.44E-09
1.07E-08
1.57E-08
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
2.58E-05
3.09E-05
3.71E-05
q [stb/day]
0
25,920
14,477
11,973
10,930
10,405
10,118
9,952
9,851
9,781
9,725
9,672
9,616
9,552
9,478
9,391
9,290
9,172
9,035
8,877
8,698
8,495
8,268
8,017
7,744
7,451
7,144
6,828
6,508
6,192
5,888
5,600
5,332
5,084
4,856
4,643
4,443
4,252
4,069
3,891
3,719
3,555
3,398
3,250
qD
0
8.13E+01
4.54E+01
3.76E+01
3.43E+01
3.26E+01
3.17E+01
3.12E+01
3.09E+01
3.07E+01
3.05E+01
3.03E+01
3.02E+01
3.00E+01
2.97E+01
2.95E+01
2.91E+01
2.88E+01
2.83E+01
2.79E+01
2.73E+01
2.67E+01
2.59E+01
2.52E+01
2.43E+01
2.34E+01
2.24E+01
2.14E+01
2.04E+01
1.94E+01
1.85E+01
1.76E+01
1.67E+01
1.60E+01
1.52E+01
1.46E+01
1.39E+01
1.33E+01
1.28E+01
1.22E+01
1.17E+01
1.12E+01
1.07E+01
1.02E+01
p [psi]
5,000
4,983
4,975
4,969
4,965
4,961
4,959
4,957
4,956
4,955
4,955
4,954
4,954
4,953
4,953
4,953
4,952
4,952
4,951
4,950
4,949
4,948
4,947
4,945
4,944
4,942
4,940
4,937
4,935
4,932
4,929
4,926
4,923
4,919
4,915
4,912
4,908
4,904
4,899
4,895
4,890
4,885
4,880
4,874
pD
n/a
1.22E-02
1.80E-02
2.21E-02
2.51E-02
2.74E-02
2.91E-02
3.03E-02
3.12E-02
3.17E-02
3.22E-02
3.25E-02
3.27E-02
3.29E-02
3.32E-02
3.35E-02
3.39E-02
3.43E-02
3.47E-02
3.53E-02
3.60E-02
3.68E-02
3.76E-02
3.87E-02
3.99E-02
4.12E-02
4.27E-02
4.43E-02
4.61E-02
4.81E-02
5.02E-02
5.25E-02
5.49E-02
5.73E-02
5.99E-02
6.26E-02
6.54E-02
6.83E-02
7.13E-02
7.45E-02
7.79E-02
8.15E-02
8.52E-02
8.91E-02
123

t [days]
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.46E-05
3,109
5.35E-05
2,975
6.42E-05
2,847
7.70E-05
2,723
9.24E-05
2,604
1.11E-04
2,490
1.33E-04
2,382
1.60E-04
2,279
1.91E-04
2,180
2.30E-04
2,086
2.76E-04
1,995
3.31E-04
1,908
3.97E-04
1,825
4.77E-04
1,745
5.72E-04
1,668
6.87E-04
1,595
8.24E-04
1,525
9.89E-04
1,458
1.19E-03
1,393
1.42E-03
1,331
1.71E-03
1,271
2.05E-03
1,213
2.46E-03
1,158
2.95E-03
1,104
3.54E-03
1,053
4.25E-03
1,003
5.10E-03
955
6.12E-03
908
7.35E-03
863
8.82E-03
819
1.06E-02
777
1.27E-02
736
1.52E-02
697
1.83E-02
660
2.19E-02
624
2.63E-02
589
3.16E-02
556
3.79E-02
525
4.55E-02
495
5.46E-02
466
6.55E-02
439
7.86E-02
413
9.43E-02
389
1.13E-01
366
1.36E-01
345
qD
9.76E+00
9.33E+00
8.93E+00
8.54E+00
8.17E+00
7.81E+00
7.47E+00
7.15E+00
6.84E+00
6.54E+00
6.26E+00
5.99E+00
5.73E+00
5.47E+00
5.23E+00
5.00E+00
4.78E+00
4.57E+00
4.37E+00
4.18E+00
3.99E+00
3.81E+00
3.63E+00
3.46E+00
3.30E+00
3.15E+00
3.00E+00
2.85E+00
2.71E+00
2.57E+00
2.44E+00
2.31E+00
2.19E+00
2.07E+00
1.96E+00
1.85E+00
1.75E+00
1.65E+00
1.55E+00
1.46E+00
1.38E+00
1.30E+00
1.22E+00
1.15E+00
1.08E+00
p [psi]
4,869
4,863
4,856
4,850
4,843
4,836
4,828
4,821
4,812
4,805
4,796
4,787
4,778
4,768
4,757
4,746
4,735
4,723
4,710
4,696
4,682
4,667
4,651
4,635
4,617
4,599
4,579
4,559
4,537
4,513
4,488
4,462
4,433
4,403
4,371
4,336
4,299
4,260
4,218
4,173
4,124
4,073
4,018
3,959
3,897
pD
9.31E-02
9.73E-02
1.02E-01
1.06E-01
1.11E-01
1.16E-01
1.22E-01
1.27E-01
1.33E-01
1.38E-01
1.45E-01
1.51E-01
1.57E-01
1.65E-01
1.72E-01
1.80E-01
1.88E-01
1.96E-01
2.06E-01
2.15E-01
2.25E-01
2.36E-01
2.47E-01
2.58E-01
2.71E-01
2.84E-01
2.98E-01
3.13E-01
3.28E-01
3.45E-01
3.63E-01
3.81E-01
4.01E-01
4.23E-01
4.46E-01
4.70E-01
4.96E-01
5.24E-01
5.54E-01
5.86E-01
6.20E-01
6.57E-01
6.96E-01
7.37E-01
7.81E-01
124

t [days]
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.63E-01
325
1.96E-01
306
2.35E-01
289
2.82E-01
273
3.38E-01
258
4.06E-01
244
4.87E-01
231
5.36E-01
225
5.84E-01
219
6.43E-01
213
7.01E-01
208
7.71E-01
203
8.41E-01
198
9.25E-01
193
1.01E+00
189
1.10E+00
185
1.16E+00
182
1.21E+00
180
1.30E+00
177
1.38E+00
175
1.45E+00
172
1.55E+00
170
1.64E+00
168
1.69E+00
166
1.74E+00
165
1.84E+00
163
1.93E+00
161
2.01E+00
160
2.09E+00
158
2.19E+00
157
2.28E+00
156
2.37E+00
154
2.44E+00
153
2.51E+00
152
2.60E+00
151
2.70E+00
150
2.79E+00
149
2.88E+00
148
2.95E+00
147
3.02E+00
146
3.11E+00
145
3.20E+00
145
3.29E+00
144
3.38E+00
143
3.48E+00
142
qD
1.02E+00
9.60E-01
9.06E-01
8.55E-01
8.09E-01
7.66E-01
7.26E-01
7.06E-01
6.88E-01
6.69E-01
6.53E-01
6.36E-01
6.22E-01
6.06E-01
5.93E-01
5.80E-01
5.72E-01
5.66E-01
5.56E-01
5.48E-01
5.41E-01
5.33E-01
5.26E-01
5.22E-01
5.18E-01
5.12E-01
5.06E-01
5.02E-01
4.97E-01
4.92E-01
4.88E-01
4.84E-01
4.81E-01
4.78E-01
4.74E-01
4.70E-01
4.67E-01
4.64E-01
4.62E-01
4.59E-01
4.57E-01
4.54E-01
4.51E-01
4.49E-01
4.46E-01
p [psi]
3,830
3,760
3,686
3,607
3,525
3,438
3,348
3,298
3,251
3,199
3,151
3,097
3,047
2,992
2,941
2,889
2,860
2,831
2,786
2,752
2,719
2,680
2,644
2,624
2,604
2,571
2,540
2,513
2,487
pD
8.28E-01
8.78E-01
9.31E-01
9.87E-01
1.04E+00
1.11E+00
1.17E+00
1.21E+00
1.24E+00
1.28E+00
1.31E+00
1.35E+00
1.38E+00
1.42E+00
1.46E+00
1.49E+00
1.52E+00
1.54E+00
1.57E+00
1.59E+00
1.62E+00
1.64E+00
1.67E+00
1.68E+00
1.70E+00
1.72E+00
1.74E+00
1.76E+00
1.78E+00
125

t [days]
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
3.55E+00
142
3.62E+00
141
3.71E+00
140
3.80E+00
140
3.90E+00
139
3.99E+00
138
4.08E+00
138
4.17E+00
137
4.26E+00
137
4.34E+00
136
4.43E+00
135
4.53E+00
135
4.62E+00
134
4.71E+00
134
4.80E+00
133
4.90E+00
133
4.99E+00
132
5.08E+00
132
5.14E+00
132
5.21E+00
131
5.30E+00
131
5.39E+00
130
5.49E+00
130
5.58E+00
130
5.67E+00
129
5.76E+00
129
5.85E+00
128
5.95E+00
128
6.04E+00
128
6.13E+00
127
6.19E+00
127
6.25E+00
127
6.34E+00
127
6.43E+00
126
6.53E+00
126
6.62E+00
126
6.71E+00
125
6.80E+00
125
6.90E+00
125
6.99E+00
124
7.08E+00
124
7.17E+00
124
7.26E+00
123
7.36E+00
123
7.43E+00
123
qD
4.44E-01
4.42E-01
4.40E-01
4.38E-01
4.36E-01
4.34E-01
4.32E-01
4.30E-01
4.28E-01
4.27E-01
4.25E-01
4.23E-01
4.22E-01
4.20E-01
4.18E-01
4.17E-01
4.15E-01
4.14E-01
4.13E-01
4.12E-01
4.11E-01
4.09E-01
4.08E-01
4.07E-01
4.05E-01
4.04E-01
4.03E-01
4.02E-01
4.01E-01
4.00E-01
3.99E-01
3.98E-01
3.97E-01
3.96E-01
3.95E-01
3.94E-01
3.93E-01
3.92E-01
3.91E-01
3.90E-01
3.89E-01
3.88E-01
3.87E-01
3.87E-01
3.86E-01
126

t [days]
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
7.50E+00
123
7.59E+00
122
7.69E+00
122
7.78E+00
122
7.87E+00
122
7.96E+00
121
8.05E+00
121
8.15E+00
121
8.24E+00
121
8.33E+00
120
8.42E+00
120
8.52E+00
120
8.61E+00
120
8.70E+00
120
8.79E+00
119
8.88E+00
119
8.94E+00
119
9.00E+00
119
9.09E+00
119
9.18E+00
118
9.28E+00
118
9.37E+00
118
9.46E+00
118
9.55E+00
118
9.65E+00
117
9.74E+00
117
9.83E+00
117
9.92E+00
117
1.00E+01
117
1.01E+01
117
1.02E+01
116
1.03E+01
116
1.04E+01
116
1.05E+01
116
1.06E+01
116
1.07E+01
115
1.07E+01
115
1.08E+01
115
1.09E+01
115
1.10E+01
115
1.11E+01
115
1.12E+01
115
1.13E+01
114
1.14E+01
114
1.14E+01
114
qD
3.85E-01
3.84E-01
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.82E-01
3.81E-01
3.80E-01
3.80E-01
3.79E-01
3.78E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.76E-01
3.75E-01
3.74E-01
3.74E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.71E-01
3.70E-01
3.70E-01
3.69E-01
3.69E-01
3.68E-01
3.67E-01
3.67E-01
3.66E-01
3.66E-01
3.65E-01
3.64E-01
3.64E-01
3.63E-01
3.63E-01
3.62E-01
3.62E-01
3.61E-01
3.61E-01
3.60E-01
3.60E-01
3.59E-01
3.59E-01
3.58E-01
3.58E-01
127

t [days]
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
6.00E+04
6.04E+04
6.08E+04
6.11E+04
6.14E+04
6.16E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.15E+01
114
1.16E+01
114
1.17E+01
114
1.18E+01
113
1.19E+01
113
1.20E+01
113
1.21E+01
113
1.22E+01
113
1.23E+01
113
1.24E+01
113
1.25E+01
112
1.26E+01
112
1.26E+01
112
1.27E+01
112
1.28E+01
112
1.29E+01
112
1.30E+01
112
1.31E+01
112
1.31E+01
111
1.32E+01
111
1.33E+01
111
1.34E+01
111
1.35E+01
111
1.36E+01
111
1.37E+01
111
1.38E+01
111
1.39E+01
110
1.40E+01
110
1.41E+01
110
1.42E+01
110
1.43E+01
110
1.43E+01
110
1.44E+01
110
1.45E+01
110
1.46E+01
110
1.47E+01
109
1.48E+01
109
1.49E+01
109
1.50E+01
109
1.51E+01
109
1.52E+01
109
1.53E+01
109
1.54E+01
109
1.55E+01
109
1.55E+01
109
1.56E+01
108
qD
3.57E-01
3.57E-01
3.57E-01
3.56E-01
3.56E-01
3.55E-01
3.55E-01
3.54E-01
3.54E-01
3.53E-01
3.53E-01
3.53E-01
3.52E-01
3.52E-01
3.51E-01
3.51E-01
3.51E-01
3.50E-01
3.50E-01
3.49E-01
3.49E-01
3.49E-01
3.48E-01
3.48E-01
3.47E-01
3.47E-01
3.47E-01
3.46E-01
3.46E-01
3.46E-01
3.45E-01
3.45E-01
3.45E-01
3.44E-01
3.44E-01
3.43E-01
3.43E-01
3.43E-01
3.42E-01
3.42E-01
3.42E-01
3.41E-01
3.41E-01
3.41E-01
3.41E-01
3.40E-01
128
Table 3 - FCD=10 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,

Pressure and Rate
t [days]
0
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
tDxf
0
2.92E-09
6.44E-09
1.07E-08
1.57E-08
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
2.58E-05
3.09E-05
3.71E-05
q [stb/day]
0
36,748
20,490
16,945
15,472
14,731
14,326
14,092
13,949
13,851
13,773
13,698
13,619
13,529
13,424
13,301
13,158
12,991
12,797
12,575
12,321
12,034
11,713
11,358
10,972
10,559
10,126
9,680
9,229
8,784
8,355
7,949
7,572
7,223
6,902
6,602
6,319
6,049
5,790
5,538
5,295
5,061
4,839
4,628
qD
0
1.15E+02
6.43E+01
5.32E+01
4.85E+01
4.62E+01
4.50E+01
4.42E+01
4.38E+01
4.35E+01
4.32E+01
4.30E+01
4.27E+01
4.25E+01
4.21E+01
4.17E+01
4.13E+01
4.08E+01
4.02E+01
3.95E+01
3.87E+01
3.78E+01
3.68E+01
3.56E+01
3.44E+01
3.31E+01
3.18E+01
3.04E+01
2.90E+01
2.76E+01
2.62E+01
2.49E+01
2.38E+01
2.27E+01
2.17E+01
2.07E+01
1.98E+01
1.90E+01
1.82E+01
1.74E+01
1.66E+01
1.59E+01
1.52E+01
1.45E+01
p [psi]
5,000
4,988
4,982
4,978
4,975
4,973
4,971
4,970
4,969
4,968
4,968
4,968
4,967
4,967
4,967
4,967
4,966
4,966
4,965
4,965
4,964
4,963
4,962
4,961
4,960
4,959
4,957
4,956
4,954
4,952
4,950
4,948
4,945
4,943
4,940
4,938
4,935
4,932
4,929
4,926
4,923
4,919
4,915
4,912
pD
n/a
8.59E-03
1.27E-02
1.56E-02
1.77E-02
1.93E-02
2.05E-02
2.14E-02
2.20E-02
2.24E-02
2.27E-02
2.29E-02
2.31E-02
2.33E-02
2.34E-02
2.37E-02
2.39E-02
2.42E-02
2.45E-02
2.49E-02
2.54E-02
2.59E-02
2.66E-02
2.73E-02
2.81E-02
2.91E-02
3.01E-02
3.13E-02
3.25E-02
3.39E-02
3.54E-02
3.70E-02
3.87E-02
4.04E-02
4.22E-02
4.41E-02
4.60E-02
4.80E-02
5.02E-02
5.24E-02
5.48E-02
5.73E-02
5.99E-02
6.26E-02
129

t [days]
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.46E-05
4,427
5.35E-05
4,235
6.42E-05
4,052
7.70E-05
3,875
9.24E-05
3,706
1.11E-04
3,543
1.33E-04
3,387
1.60E-04
3,237
1.91E-04
3,095
2.30E-04
2,959
2.76E-04
2,827
3.31E-04
2,701
3.97E-04
2,579
4.77E-04
2,462
5.72E-04
2,348
6.87E-04
2,239
8.24E-04
2,134
9.89E-04
2,032
1.19E-03
1,934
1.42E-03
1,838
1.71E-03
1,745
2.05E-03
1,655
2.46E-03
1,568
2.95E-03
1,483
3.54E-03
1,401
4.25E-03
1,323
5.10E-03
1,246
6.12E-03
1,173
7.35E-03
1,102
8.82E-03
1,034
1.06E-02
969
1.27E-02
908
1.52E-02
850
1.83E-02
795
2.19E-02
744
2.63E-02
696
3.16E-02
650
3.79E-02
608
4.55E-02
568
5.46E-02
530
6.55E-02
496
7.86E-02
463
9.43E-02
433
1.13E-01
405
1.36E-01
380
qD
1.39E+01
1.33E+01
1.27E+01
1.22E+01
1.16E+01
1.11E+01
1.06E+01
1.02E+01
9.71E+00
9.28E+00
8.87E+00
8.48E+00
8.09E+00
7.72E+00
7.37E+00
7.03E+00
6.70E+00
6.38E+00
6.07E+00
5.77E+00
5.48E+00
5.19E+00
4.92E+00
4.65E+00
4.40E+00
4.15E+00
3.91E+00
3.68E+00
3.46E+00
3.24E+00
3.04E+00
2.85E+00
2.67E+00
2.50E+00
2.33E+00
2.18E+00
2.04E+00
1.91E+00
1.78E+00
1.66E+00
1.55E+00
1.45E+00
1.36E+00
1.27E+00
1.19E+00
p [psi]
4,908
4,903
4,899
4,894
4,890
4,885
4,880
4,875
4,869
4,863
4,857
4,850
4,844
4,836
4,829
4,820
4,812
4,803
4,793
4,783
4,772
4,760
4,747
4,734
4,719
4,704
4,687
4,670
4,650
4,630
4,607
4,583
4,557
4,529
4,499
4,467
4,432
4,394
4,354
4,311
4,265
4,215
4,162
4,105
4,045
pD
6.54E-02
6.84E-02
7.15E-02
7.47E-02
7.81E-02
8.17E-02
8.50E-02
8.88E-02
9.29E-02
9.70E-02
1.01E-01
1.06E-01
1.11E-01
1.16E-01
1.21E-01
1.27E-01
1.33E-01
1.40E-01
1.47E-01
1.54E-01
1.62E-01
1.70E-01
1.79E-01
1.89E-01
1.99E-01
2.10E-01
2.21E-01
2.34E-01
2.48E-01
2.62E-01
2.78E-01
2.95E-01
3.14E-01
3.34E-01
3.55E-01
3.78E-01
4.02E-01
4.29E-01
4.57E-01
4.88E-01
5.21E-01
5.56E-01
5.93E-01
6.34E-01
6.76E-01
130

t [days]
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.63E-01
356
1.96E-01
334
2.35E-01
314
2.82E-01
295
3.38E-01
278
4.06E-01
263
4.87E-01
248
5.36E-01
241
5.84E-01
235
6.43E-01
228
7.01E-01
222
7.71E-01
216
8.41E-01
211
9.25E-01
206
1.01E+00
201
1.10E+00
196
1.16E+00
194
1.21E+00
191
1.30E+00
188
1.38E+00
185
1.45E+00
183
1.55E+00
180
1.64E+00
177
1.69E+00
176
1.74E+00
175
1.84E+00
172
1.93E+00
170
2.01E+00
169
2.09E+00
167
2.19E+00
166
2.28E+00
164
2.37E+00
163
2.44E+00
161
2.51E+00
160
2.60E+00
159
2.70E+00
158
2.79E+00
157
2.88E+00
156
2.95E+00
155
3.02E+00
154
3.11E+00
153
3.20E+00
152
3.29E+00
151
3.38E+00
150
3.48E+00
149
qD
1.12E+00
1.05E+00
9.84E-01
9.26E-01
8.73E-01
8.24E-01
7.79E-01
7.56E-01
7.36E-01
7.15E-01
6.97E-01
6.78E-01
6.62E-01
6.45E-01
6.30E-01
6.16E-01
6.08E-01
6.00E-01
5.89E-01
5.81E-01
5.73E-01
5.64E-01
5.56E-01
5.52E-01
5.48E-01
5.41E-01
5.35E-01
5.30E-01
5.25E-01
5.19E-01
5.15E-01
5.10E-01
5.06E-01
5.03E-01
4.99E-01
4.95E-01
4.92E-01
4.88E-01
4.86E-01
4.83E-01
4.80E-01
4.77E-01
4.74E-01
4.71E-01
4.69E-01
p [psi]
3,980
3,912
3,839
3,763
3,682
3,597
3,509
3,459
3,413
3,362
3,315
3,262
3,213
3,158
3,108
3,057
3,027
2,999
2,955
2,921
2,888
2,850
2,814
2,793
2,774
2,741
2,710
2,683
2,658
pD
7.22E-01
7.71E-01
8.22E-01
8.76E-01
9.33E-01
9.93E-01
1.06E+00
1.09E+00
1.12E+00
1.16E+00
1.19E+00
1.23E+00
1.27E+00
1.30E+00
1.34E+00
1.38E+00
1.40E+00
1.42E+00
1.45E+00
1.47E+00
1.50E+00
1.52E+00
1.55E+00
1.56E+00
1.58E+00
1.60E+00
1.62E+00
1.64E+00
1.66E+00
131

t [days]
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
3.55E+00
149
3.62E+00
148
3.71E+00
147
3.80E+00
147
3.90E+00
146
3.99E+00
145
4.08E+00
144
4.17E+00
144
4.26E+00
143
4.34E+00
143
4.43E+00
142
4.53E+00
141
4.62E+00
141
4.71E+00
140
4.80E+00
140
4.90E+00
139
4.99E+00
139
5.08E+00
138
5.14E+00
138
5.21E+00
138
5.30E+00
137
5.39E+00
137
5.49E+00
136
5.58E+00
136
5.67E+00
135
5.76E+00
135
5.85E+00
134
5.95E+00
134
6.04E+00
134
6.13E+00
133
6.19E+00
133
6.25E+00
133
6.34E+00
132
6.43E+00
132
6.53E+00
132
6.62E+00
131
6.71E+00
131
6.80E+00
131
6.90E+00
130
6.99E+00
130
7.08E+00
130
7.17E+00
129
7.26E+00
129
7.36E+00
129
7.43E+00
129
qD
4.67E-01
4.65E-01
4.62E-01
4.60E-01
4.58E-01
4.56E-01
4.53E-01
4.51E-01
4.49E-01
4.48E-01
4.46E-01
4.44E-01
4.42E-01
4.40E-01
4.39E-01
4.37E-01
4.35E-01
4.34E-01
4.33E-01
4.32E-01
4.30E-01
4.29E-01
4.27E-01
4.26E-01
4.25E-01
4.23E-01
4.22E-01
4.21E-01
4.19E-01
4.18E-01
4.17E-01
4.17E-01
4.16E-01
4.14E-01
4.13E-01
4.12E-01
4.11E-01
4.10E-01
4.09E-01
4.08E-01
4.07E-01
4.06E-01
4.05E-01
4.04E-01
4.03E-01
132

t [days]
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
7.50E+00
128
7.59E+00
128
7.69E+00
128
7.78E+00
127
7.87E+00
127
7.96E+00
127
8.05E+00
127
8.15E+00
126
8.24E+00
126
8.33E+00
126
8.42E+00
126
8.52E+00
125
8.61E+00
125
8.70E+00
125
8.79E+00
125
8.88E+00
124
8.94E+00
124
9.00E+00
124
9.09E+00
124
9.18E+00
124
9.28E+00
123
9.37E+00
123
9.46E+00
123
9.55E+00
123
9.65E+00
123
9.74E+00
122
9.83E+00
122
9.92E+00
122
1.00E+01
122
1.01E+01
122
1.02E+01
121
1.03E+01
121
1.04E+01
121
1.05E+01
121
1.06E+01
121
1.07E+01
120
1.07E+01
120
1.08E+01
120
1.09E+01
120
1.10E+01
120
1.11E+01
120
1.12E+01
119
1.13E+01
119
1.14E+01
119
1.14E+01
119
qD
4.03E-01
4.02E-01
4.01E-01
4.00E-01
3.99E-01
3.98E-01
3.97E-01
3.97E-01
3.96E-01
3.95E-01
3.94E-01
3.93E-01
3.93E-01
3.92E-01
3.91E-01
3.90E-01
3.90E-01
3.89E-01
3.89E-01
3.88E-01
3.87E-01
3.87E-01
3.86E-01
3.85E-01
3.85E-01
3.84E-01
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.82E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.80E-01
3.80E-01
3.79E-01
3.78E-01
3.78E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.76E-01
3.76E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.74E-01
3.74E-01
3.73E-01
133

t [days]
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
6.00E+04
6.04E+04
6.08E+04
6.11E+04
6.14E+04
6.16E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.15E+01
119
1.16E+01
119
1.17E+01
118
1.18E+01
118
1.19E+01
118
1.20E+01
118
1.21E+01
118
1.22E+01
118
1.23E+01
118
1.24E+01
117
1.25E+01
117
1.26E+01
117
1.26E+01
117
1.27E+01
117
1.28E+01
117
1.29E+01
117
1.30E+01
116
1.31E+01
116
1.31E+01
116
1.32E+01
116
1.33E+01
116
1.34E+01
116
1.35E+01
116
1.36E+01
115
1.37E+01
115
1.38E+01
115
1.39E+01
115
1.40E+01
115
1.41E+01
115
1.42E+01
115
1.43E+01
115
1.43E+01
114
1.44E+01
114
1.45E+01
114
1.46E+01
114
1.47E+01
114
1.48E+01
114
1.49E+01
114
1.50E+01
114
1.51E+01
113
1.52E+01
113
1.53E+01
113
1.54E+01
113
1.55E+01
113
1.55E+01
113
1.56E+01
113
qD
3.73E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.70E-01
3.70E-01
3.69E-01
3.69E-01
3.68E-01
3.68E-01
3.67E-01
3.67E-01
3.66E-01
3.66E-01
3.66E-01
3.65E-01
3.65E-01
3.64E-01
3.64E-01
3.64E-01
3.63E-01
3.63E-01
3.62E-01
3.62E-01
3.62E-01
3.61E-01
3.61E-01
3.60E-01
3.60E-01
3.60E-01
3.59E-01
3.59E-01
3.58E-01
3.58E-01
3.58E-01
3.57E-01
3.57E-01
3.56E-01
3.56E-01
3.56E-01
3.55E-01
3.55E-01
3.55E-01
3.54E-01
3.54E-01
134
Table 4 - FCD=25 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,

Pressure and Rate
t [days]
0
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
tDxf
0
2.92E-09
6.44E-09
1.07E-08
1.57E-08
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
2.58E-05
3.09E-05
3.71E-05
q [stb/day]
0
58,234
32,424
26,827
24,508
23,350
22,724
22,364
22,143
21,989
21,865
21,747
21,621
21,479
21,314
21,120
20,894
20,631
20,326
19,976
19,576
19,124
18,618
18,060
17,452
16,801
16,118
15,414
14,702
13,999
13,321
12,679
12,080
11,526
11,014
10,535
10,083
9,653
9,236
8,831
8,439
8,062
7,703
7,360
qD
0
1.83E+02
1.02E+02
8.42E+01
7.69E+01
7.33E+01
7.13E+01
7.02E+01
6.95E+01
6.90E+01
6.86E+01
6.82E+01
6.78E+01
6.74E+01
6.69E+01
6.63E+01
6.56E+01
6.47E+01
6.38E+01
6.27E+01
6.14E+01
6.00E+01
5.84E+01
5.67E+01
5.48E+01
5.27E+01
5.06E+01
4.84E+01
4.61E+01
4.39E+01
4.18E+01
3.98E+01
3.79E+01
3.62E+01
3.46E+01
3.31E+01
3.16E+01
3.03E+01
2.90E+01
2.77E+01
2.65E+01
2.53E+01
2.42E+01
2.31E+01
p [psi]
5,000
4,992
4,989
4,986
4,984
4,983
4,982
4,981
4,980
4,980
4,980
4,980
4,979
4,979
4,979
4,979
4,979
4,978
4,978
4,978
4,977
4,977
4,976
4,976
4,975
4,974
4,973
4,972
4,971
4,970
4,969
4,967
4,966
4,964
4,963
4,961
4,959
4,957
4,956
4,954
4,951
4,949
4,947
4,945
pD
n/a
5.42E-03
8.02E-03
9.84E-03
1.12E-02
1.22E-02
1.30E-02
1.35E-02
1.39E-02
1.41E-02
1.43E-02
1.44E-02
1.45E-02
1.47E-02
1.48E-02
1.49E-02
1.51E-02
1.52E-02
1.54E-02
1.57E-02
1.60E-02
1.63E-02
1.67E-02
1.72E-02
1.77E-02
1.83E-02
1.89E-02
1.97E-02
2.05E-02
2.13E-02
2.22E-02
2.32E-02
2.43E-02
2.53E-02
2.65E-02
2.76E-02
2.89E-02
3.01E-02
3.15E-02
3.29E-02
3.44E-02
3.59E-02
3.76E-02
3.93E-02
135

t [days]
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.46E-05
7,033
5.35E-05
6,720
6.42E-05
6,419
7.70E-05
6,128
9.24E-05
5,844
1.11E-04
5,570
1.33E-04
5,305
1.60E-04
5,050
1.91E-04
4,804
2.30E-04
4,565
2.76E-04
4,333
3.31E-04
4,108
3.97E-04
3,888
4.77E-04
3,674
5.72E-04
3,466
6.87E-04
3,266
8.24E-04
3,073
9.89E-04
2,887
1.19E-03
2,708
1.42E-03
2,535
1.71E-03
2,368
2.05E-03
2,210
2.46E-03
2,059
2.95E-03
1,915
3.54E-03
1,780
4.25E-03
1,653
5.10E-03
1,533
6.12E-03
1,421
7.35E-03
1,315
8.82E-03
1,217
1.06E-02
1,126
1.27E-02
1,043
1.52E-02
966
1.83E-02
895
2.19E-02
830
2.63E-02
770
3.16E-02
715
3.79E-02
664
4.55E-02
617
5.46E-02
573
6.55E-02
533
7.86E-02
496
9.43E-02
463
1.13E-01
431
1.36E-01
403
qD
2.21E+01
2.11E+01
2.01E+01
1.92E+01
1.83E+01
1.75E+01
1.66E+01
1.58E+01
1.51E+01
1.43E+01
1.36E+01
1.29E+01
1.22E+01
1.15E+01
1.09E+01
1.02E+01
9.64E+00
9.06E+00
8.50E+00
7.95E+00
7.43E+00
6.93E+00
6.46E+00
6.01E+00
5.59E+00
5.19E+00
4.81E+00
4.46E+00
4.13E+00
3.82E+00
3.53E+00
3.27E+00
3.03E+00
2.81E+00
2.60E+00
2.42E+00
2.24E+00
2.08E+00
1.93E+00
1.80E+00
1.67E+00
1.56E+00
1.45E+00
1.35E+00
1.26E+00
p [psi]
4,942
4,939
4,937
4,934
4,931
4,928
4,924
4,920
4,917
4,913
4,908
4,903
4,898
4,893
4,887
4,881
4,874
4,867
4,859
4,850
4,841
4,831
4,819
4,807
4,794
4,780
4,765
4,748
4,730
4,711
4,689
4,666
4,642
4,614
4,585
4,554
4,520
4,484
4,445
4,402
4,357
4,309
4,257
4,201
4,142
pD
4.11E-02
4.30E-02
4.50E-02
4.71E-02
4.91E-02
5.13E-02
5.37E-02
5.64E-02
5.91E-02
6.19E-02
6.51E-02
6.84E-02
7.20E-02
7.58E-02
7.99E-02
8.45E-02
8.93E-02
9.45E-02
1.00E-01
1.06E-01
1.13E-01
1.20E-01
1.28E-01
1.36E-01
1.46E-01
1.56E-01
1.66E-01
1.78E-01
1.91E-01
2.05E-01
2.20E-01
2.36E-01
2.54E-01
2.73E-01
2.94E-01
3.16E-01
3.40E-01
3.66E-01
3.93E-01
4.23E-01
4.55E-01
4.90E-01
5.26E-01
5.66E-01
6.08E-01
136

t [days]
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.63E-01
377
1.96E-01
353
2.35E-01
331
2.82E-01
310
3.38E-01
292
4.06E-01
275
4.87E-01
260
5.36E-01
252
5.84E-01
245
6.43E-01
238
7.01E-01
232
7.71E-01
226
8.41E-01
220
9.25E-01
214
1.01E+00
209
1.10E+00
204
1.16E+00
201
1.21E+00
199
1.30E+00
195
1.38E+00
192
1.45E+00
190
1.55E+00
187
1.64E+00
184
1.69E+00
183
1.74E+00
181
1.84E+00
179
1.93E+00
177
2.01E+00
175
2.09E+00
173
2.19E+00
172
2.28E+00
170
2.37E+00
168
2.44E+00
167
2.51E+00
166
2.60E+00
165
2.70E+00
163
2.79E+00
162
2.88E+00
161
2.95E+00
160
3.02E+00
159
3.11E+00
158
3.20E+00
157
3.29E+00
156
3.38E+00
155
3.48E+00
154
qD
1.18E+00
1.11E+00
1.04E+00
9.74E-01
9.16E-01
8.64E-01
8.16E-01
7.91E-01
7.69E-01
7.47E-01
7.28E-01
7.08E-01
6.90E-01
6.72E-01
6.56E-01
6.40E-01
6.32E-01
6.24E-01
6.12E-01
6.03E-01
5.95E-01
5.86E-01
5.77E-01
5.73E-01
5.68E-01
5.61E-01
5.55E-01
5.49E-01
5.44E-01
5.38E-01
5.33E-01
5.28E-01
5.25E-01
5.21E-01
5.17E-01
5.13E-01
5.09E-01
5.05E-01
5.02E-01
5.00E-01
4.97E-01
4.93E-01
4.90E-01
4.87E-01
4.85E-01
p [psi]
4,078
4,011
3,940
3,864
3,784
3,701
3,613
3,564
3,519
3,468
3,421
3,369
3,320
3,266
3,216
3,165
3,136
3,108
3,064
3,030
2,998
2,960
2,924
2,904
2,884
2,852
2,821
2,794
2,769
pD
6.53E-01
7.00E-01
7.51E-01
8.04E-01
8.61E-01
9.20E-01
9.82E-01
1.02E+00
1.05E+00
1.08E+00
1.12E+00
1.16E+00
1.19E+00
1.23E+00
1.26E+00
1.30E+00
1.32E+00
1.34E+00
1.37E+00
1.40E+00
1.42E+00
1.44E+00
1.47E+00
1.48E+00
1.50E+00
1.52E+00
1.54E+00
1.56E+00
1.58E+00
137

t [days]
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
3.55E+00
154
3.62E+00
153
3.71E+00
152
3.80E+00
151
3.90E+00
151
3.99E+00
150
4.08E+00
149
4.17E+00
149
4.26E+00
148
4.34E+00
147
4.43E+00
147
4.53E+00
146
4.62E+00
145
4.71E+00
145
4.80E+00
144
4.90E+00
144
4.99E+00
143
5.08E+00
143
5.14E+00
142
5.21E+00
142
5.30E+00
141
5.39E+00
141
5.49E+00
140
5.58E+00
140
5.67E+00
140
5.76E+00
139
5.85E+00
139
5.95E+00
138
6.04E+00
138
6.13E+00
137
6.19E+00
137
6.25E+00
137
6.34E+00
136
6.43E+00
136
6.53E+00
136
6.62E+00
135
6.71E+00
135
6.80E+00
135
6.90E+00
134
6.99E+00
134
7.08E+00
134
7.17E+00
133
7.26E+00
133
7.36E+00
133
7.43E+00
132
qD
4.82E-01
4.80E-01
4.78E-01
4.75E-01
4.73E-01
4.71E-01
4.68E-01
4.66E-01
4.64E-01
4.62E-01
4.60E-01
4.58E-01
4.56E-01
4.55E-01
4.53E-01
4.51E-01
4.49E-01
4.48E-01
4.46E-01
4.45E-01
4.44E-01
4.42E-01
4.41E-01
4.39E-01
4.38E-01
4.36E-01
4.35E-01
4.34E-01
4.32E-01
4.31E-01
4.30E-01
4.30E-01
4.28E-01
4.27E-01
4.26E-01
4.25E-01
4.24E-01
4.23E-01
4.21E-01
4.20E-01
4.19E-01
4.18E-01
4.17E-01
4.16E-01
4.15E-01
138

t [days]
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
7.50E+00
132
7.59E+00
132
7.69E+00
132
7.78E+00
131
7.87E+00
131
7.96E+00
131
8.05E+00
130
8.15E+00
130
8.24E+00
130
8.33E+00
130
8.42E+00
129
8.52E+00
129
8.61E+00
129
8.70E+00
129
8.79E+00
128
8.88E+00
128
8.94E+00
128
9.00E+00
128
9.09E+00
128
9.18E+00
127
9.28E+00
127
9.37E+00
127
9.46E+00
127
9.55E+00
126
9.65E+00
126
9.74E+00
126
9.83E+00
126
9.92E+00
125
1.00E+01
125
1.01E+01
125
1.02E+01
125
1.03E+01
125
1.04E+01
124
1.05E+01
124
1.06E+01
124
1.07E+01
124
1.07E+01
124
1.08E+01
124
1.09E+01
123
1.10E+01
123
1.11E+01
123
1.12E+01
123
1.13E+01
123
1.14E+01
122
1.14E+01
122
qD
4.15E-01
4.14E-01
4.13E-01
4.12E-01
4.11E-01
4.10E-01
4.09E-01
4.08E-01
4.07E-01
4.07E-01
4.06E-01
4.05E-01
4.04E-01
4.03E-01
4.03E-01
4.02E-01
4.01E-01
4.01E-01
4.00E-01
3.99E-01
3.99E-01
3.98E-01
3.97E-01
3.96E-01
3.96E-01
3.95E-01
3.94E-01
3.94E-01
3.93E-01
3.92E-01
3.92E-01
3.91E-01
3.91E-01
3.90E-01
3.89E-01
3.89E-01
3.88E-01
3.88E-01
3.87E-01
3.87E-01
3.86E-01
3.85E-01
3.85E-01
3.84E-01
3.84E-01
139

t [days]
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
6.00E+04
6.04E+04
6.08E+04
6.11E+04
6.14E+04
6.16E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.15E+01
122
1.16E+01
122
1.17E+01
122
1.18E+01
122
1.19E+01
121
1.20E+01
121
1.21E+01
121
1.22E+01
121
1.23E+01
121
1.24E+01
121
1.25E+01
120
1.26E+01
120
1.26E+01
120
1.27E+01
120
1.28E+01
120
1.29E+01
120
1.30E+01
120
1.31E+01
120
1.31E+01
119
1.32E+01
119
1.33E+01
119
1.34E+01
119
1.35E+01
119
1.36E+01
119
1.37E+01
119
1.38E+01
118
1.39E+01
118
1.40E+01
118
1.41E+01
118
1.42E+01
118
1.43E+01
118
1.43E+01
118
1.44E+01
117
1.45E+01
117
1.46E+01
117
1.47E+01
117
1.48E+01
117
1.49E+01
117
1.50E+01
117
1.51E+01
117
1.52E+01
116
1.53E+01
116
1.54E+01
116
1.55E+01
116
1.55E+01
116
1.56E+01
116
qD
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.82E-01
3.82E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.80E-01
3.80E-01
3.79E-01
3.79E-01
3.78E-01
3.78E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.76E-01
3.76E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.74E-01
3.74E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.70E-01
3.70E-01
3.69E-01
3.69E-01
3.69E-01
3.68E-01
3.68E-01
3.67E-01
3.67E-01
3.67E-01
3.66E-01
3.66E-01
3.65E-01
3.65E-01
3.65E-01
3.64E-01
3.64E-01
3.64E-01
140

Pressure and Rate
t [days]
0
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
tDxf
0
2.92E-09
6.44E-09
1.07E-08
1.57E-08
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
2.58E-05
3.09E-05
3.71E-05
q [stb/day]
0
116,839
65,262
54,250
49,678
47,341
46,040
45,279
44,809
44,488
44,231
43,991
43,735
43,448
43,113
42,722
42,266
41,734
41,118
40,410
39,600
38,684
37,659
36,526
35,290
33,965
32,572
31,133
29,672
28,223
26,819
25,480
24,223
23,052
21,955
20,917
19,923
18,959
18,015
17,088
16,179
15,296
14,441
13,617
qD
0
3.67E+02
2.05E+02
1.70E+02
1.56E+02
1.49E+02
1.44E+02
1.42E+02
1.41E+02
1.40E+02
1.39E+02
1.38E+02
1.37E+02
1.36E+02
1.35E+02
1.34E+02
1.33E+02
1.31E+02
1.29E+02
1.27E+02
1.24E+02
1.21E+02
1.18E+02
1.15E+02
1.11E+02
1.07E+02
1.02E+02
9.77E+01
9.31E+01
8.86E+01
8.42E+01
8.00E+01
7.60E+01
7.23E+01
6.89E+01
6.56E+01
6.25E+01
5.95E+01
5.65E+01
5.36E+01
5.08E+01
4.80E+01
4.53E+01
4.27E+01
p [psi]
5,000
4,996
4,994
4,993
4,992
4,991
4,991
4,991
4,990
4,990
4,990
4,990
4,990
4,990
4,990
4,990
4,989
4,989
4,989
4,989
4,989
4,989
4,988
4,988
4,988
4,987
4,987
4,986
4,986
4,985
4,984
4,984
4,983
4,982
4,981
4,980
4,980
4,979
4,978
4,976
4,975
4,974
4,973
4,971
pD
n/a
2.70E-03
3.99E-03
4.89E-03
5.55E-03
6.04E-03
6.41E-03
6.67E-03
6.86E-03
6.98E-03
7.07E-03
7.14E-03
7.19E-03
7.24E-03
7.30E-03
7.37E-03
7.44E-03
7.53E-03
7.64E-03
7.76E-03
7.91E-03
8.07E-03
8.27E-03
8.49E-03
8.75E-03
9.04E-03
9.36E-03
9.72E-03
1.01E-02
1.06E-02
1.10E-02
1.15E-02
1.21E-02
1.26E-02
1.32E-02
1.38E-02
1.45E-02
1.52E-02
1.59E-02
1.67E-02
1.75E-02
1.84E-02
1.94E-02
2.05E-02
141

t [days]
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.46E-05
12,823
5.35E-05
12,056
6.42E-05
11,316
7.70E-05
10,599
9.24E-05
9,907
1.11E-04
9,242
1.33E-04
8,605
1.60E-04
8,000
1.91E-04
7,429
2.30E-04
6,888
2.76E-04
6,377
3.31E-04
5,897
3.97E-04
5,444
4.77E-04
5,018
5.72E-04
4,621
6.87E-04
4,253
8.24E-04
3,914
9.89E-04
3,600
1.19E-03
3,309
1.42E-03
3,040
1.71E-03
2,790
2.05E-03
2,560
2.46E-03
2,350
2.95E-03
2,157
3.54E-03
1,981
4.25E-03
1,820
5.10E-03
1,672
6.12E-03
1,536
7.35E-03
1,411
8.82E-03
1,297
1.06E-02
1,194
1.27E-02
1,100
1.52E-02
1,016
1.83E-02
938
2.19E-02
868
2.63E-02
803
3.16E-02
744
3.79E-02
690
4.55E-02
640
5.46E-02
594
6.55E-02
551
7.86E-02
513
9.43E-02
477
1.13E-01
445
1.36E-01
415
qD
4.02E+01
3.78E+01
3.55E+01
3.33E+01
3.11E+01
2.90E+01
2.70E+01
2.51E+01
2.33E+01
2.16E+01
2.00E+01
1.85E+01
1.71E+01
1.57E+01
1.45E+01
1.33E+01
1.23E+01
1.13E+01
1.04E+01
9.54E+00
8.75E+00
8.03E+00
7.37E+00
6.77E+00
6.21E+00
5.71E+00
5.25E+00
4.82E+00
4.43E+00
4.07E+00
3.74E+00
3.45E+00
3.19E+00
2.94E+00
2.72E+00
2.52E+00
2.34E+00
2.16E+00
2.01E+00
1.86E+00
1.73E+00
1.61E+00
1.50E+00
1.39E+00
1.30E+00
p [psi]
4,969
4,968
4,966
4,964
4,962
4,959
4,957
4,954
4,951
4,947
4,944
4,940
4,935
4,930
4,925
4,919
4,913
4,906
4,899
4,891
4,882
4,872
4,861
4,850
4,837
4,824
4,809
4,792
4,774
4,755
4,734
4,711
4,687
4,660
4,631
4,600
4,567
4,531
4,492
4,451
4,406
4,358
4,306
4,251
4,193
pD
2.16E-02
2.29E-02
2.42E-02
2.56E-02
2.71E-02
2.88E-02
3.07E-02
3.27E-02
3.49E-02
3.73E-02
3.99E-02
4.28E-02
4.59E-02
4.93E-02
5.30E-02
5.71E-02
6.15E-02
6.64E-02
7.17E-02
7.75E-02
8.38E-02
9.06E-02
9.82E-02
1.06E-01
1.15E-01
1.25E-01
1.36E-01
1.47E-01
1.60E-01
1.73E-01
1.88E-01
2.04E-01
2.22E-01
2.41E-01
2.61E-01
2.83E-01
3.07E-01
3.32E-01
3.60E-01
3.89E-01
4.21E-01
4.55E-01
4.91E-01
5.30E-01
5.72E-01
142

t [days]
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.63E-01
387
1.96E-01
362
2.35E-01
339
2.82E-01
319
3.38E-01
299
4.06E-01
282
4.87E-01
266
5.36E-01
258
5.84E-01
251
6.43E-01
244
7.01E-01
237
7.71E-01
231
8.41E-01
225
9.25E-01
219
1.01E+00
213
1.10E+00
208
1.16E+00
206
1.21E+00
203
1.30E+00
199
1.38E+00
196
1.45E+00
193
1.55E+00
190
1.64E+00
188
1.69E+00
186
1.74E+00
185
1.84E+00
182
1.93E+00
180
2.01E+00
178
2.09E+00
177
2.19E+00
175
2.28E+00
173
2.37E+00
171
2.44E+00
170
2.51E+00
169
2.60E+00
168
2.70E+00
166
2.79E+00
165
2.88E+00
164
2.95E+00
163
3.02E+00
162
3.11E+00
161
3.20E+00
160
3.29E+00
159
3.38E+00
158
3.48E+00
157
qD
1.22E+00
1.14E+00
1.07E+00
9.99E-01
9.40E-01
8.85E-01
8.35E-01
8.10E-01
7.87E-01
7.64E-01
7.44E-01
7.23E-01
7.05E-01
6.86E-01
6.70E-01
6.54E-01
6.45E-01
6.37E-01
6.25E-01
6.16E-01
6.07E-01
5.98E-01
5.89E-01
5.84E-01
5.80E-01
5.72E-01
5.65E-01
5.60E-01
5.54E-01
5.49E-01
5.43E-01
5.38E-01
5.34E-01
5.31E-01
5.26E-01
5.22E-01
5.18E-01
5.14E-01
5.12E-01
5.09E-01
5.06E-01
5.02E-01
4.99E-01
4.96E-01
4.93E-01
p [psi]
4,130
4,063
3,992
3,917
3,838
3,755
3,668
3,620
3,574
3,524
3,477
3,425
3,377
3,323
3,273
3,222
3,193
3,166
3,122
3,088
3,055
3,018
2,982
2,962
2,942
2,910
2,879
2,852
2,827
pD
6.16E-01
6.64E-01
7.14E-01
7.67E-01
8.23E-01
8.82E-01
9.43E-01
9.78E-01
1.01E+00
1.05E+00
1.08E+00
1.12E+00
1.15E+00
1.19E+00
1.22E+00
1.26E+00
1.28E+00
1.30E+00
1.33E+00
1.35E+00
1.38E+00
1.40E+00
1.43E+00
1.44E+00
1.46E+00
1.48E+00
1.50E+00
1.52E+00
1.54E+00
143

t [days]
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
3.55E+00
156
3.62E+00
156
3.71E+00
155
3.80E+00
154
3.90E+00
153
3.99E+00
153
4.08E+00
152
4.17E+00
151
4.26E+00
150
4.34E+00
150
4.43E+00
149
4.53E+00
149
4.62E+00
148
4.71E+00
147
4.80E+00
147
4.90E+00
146
4.99E+00
146
5.08E+00
145
5.14E+00
145
5.21E+00
144
5.30E+00
144
5.39E+00
143
5.49E+00
143
5.58E+00
142
5.67E+00
142
5.76E+00
141
5.85E+00
141
5.95E+00
141
6.04E+00
140
6.13E+00
140
6.19E+00
139
6.25E+00
139
6.34E+00
139
6.43E+00
138
6.53E+00
138
6.62E+00
138
6.71E+00
137
6.80E+00
137
6.90E+00
136
6.99E+00
136
7.08E+00
136
7.17E+00
135
7.26E+00
135
7.36E+00
135
7.43E+00
135
qD
4.91E-01
4.89E-01
4.86E-01
4.84E-01
4.81E-01
4.79E-01
4.76E-01
4.74E-01
4.72E-01
4.70E-01
4.68E-01
4.66E-01
4.64E-01
4.62E-01
4.60E-01
4.59E-01
4.57E-01
4.55E-01
4.54E-01
4.53E-01
4.51E-01
4.50E-01
4.48E-01
4.47E-01
4.45E-01
4.44E-01
4.42E-01
4.41E-01
4.40E-01
4.38E-01
4.37E-01
4.37E-01
4.35E-01
4.34E-01
4.33E-01
4.32E-01
4.30E-01
4.29E-01
4.28E-01
4.27E-01
4.26E-01
4.25E-01
4.24E-01
4.23E-01
4.22E-01
144

t [days]
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
7.50E+00
134
7.59E+00
134
7.69E+00
134
7.78E+00
133
7.87E+00
133
7.96E+00
133
8.05E+00
132
8.15E+00
132
8.24E+00
132
8.33E+00
132
8.42E+00
131
8.52E+00
131
8.61E+00
131
8.70E+00
131
8.79E+00
130
8.88E+00
130
8.94E+00
130
9.00E+00
130
9.09E+00
129
9.18E+00
129
9.28E+00
129
9.37E+00
129
9.46E+00
129
9.55E+00
128
9.65E+00
128
9.74E+00
128
9.83E+00
128
9.92E+00
127
1.00E+01
127
1.01E+01
127
1.02E+01
127
1.03E+01
127
1.04E+01
126
1.05E+01
126
1.06E+01
126
1.07E+01
126
1.07E+01
126
1.08E+01
125
1.09E+01
125
1.10E+01
125
1.11E+01
125
1.12E+01
125
1.13E+01
125
1.14E+01
124
1.14E+01
124
qD
4.21E-01
4.20E-01
4.19E-01
4.18E-01
4.17E-01
4.17E-01
4.16E-01
4.15E-01
4.14E-01
4.13E-01
4.12E-01
4.11E-01
4.10E-01
4.10E-01
4.09E-01
4.08E-01
4.08E-01
4.07E-01
4.06E-01
4.05E-01
4.05E-01
4.04E-01
4.03E-01
4.03E-01
4.02E-01
4.01E-01
4.00E-01
4.00E-01
3.99E-01
3.98E-01
3.98E-01
3.97E-01
3.96E-01
3.96E-01
3.95E-01
3.95E-01
3.94E-01
3.94E-01
3.93E-01
3.92E-01
3.92E-01
3.91E-01
3.91E-01
3.90E-01
3.90E-01
145

t [days]
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
6.00E+04
6.04E+04
6.08E+04
6.11E+04
6.14E+04
6.16E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.15E+01
124
1.16E+01
124
1.17E+01
124
1.18E+01
123
1.19E+01
123
1.20E+01
123
1.21E+01
123
1.22E+01
123
1.23E+01
123
1.24E+01
122
1.25E+01
122
1.26E+01
122
1.26E+01
122
1.27E+01
122
1.28E+01
122
1.29E+01
122
1.30E+01
121
1.31E+01
121
1.31E+01
121
1.32E+01
121
1.33E+01
121
1.34E+01
121
1.35E+01
121
1.36E+01
120
1.37E+01
120
1.38E+01
120
1.39E+01
120
1.40E+01
120
1.41E+01
120
1.42E+01
120
1.43E+01
119
1.43E+01
119
1.44E+01
119
1.45E+01
119
1.46E+01
119
1.47E+01
119
1.48E+01
119
1.49E+01
119
1.50E+01
118
1.51E+01
118
1.52E+01
118
1.53E+01
118
1.54E+01
118
1.55E+01
118
1.55E+01
118
1.56E+01
118
qD
3.89E-01
3.88E-01
3.88E-01
3.87E-01
3.87E-01
3.86E-01
3.86E-01
3.85E-01
3.85E-01
3.84E-01
3.84E-01
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.82E-01
3.82E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.80E-01
3.80E-01
3.79E-01
3.79E-01
3.78E-01
3.78E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.76E-01
3.76E-01
3.76E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.74E-01
3.74E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.70E-01
3.70E-01
3.70E-01
3.69E-01
3.69E-01
146

Pressure and Rate
t [days]
0
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
tDxf
0
2.92E-09
6.44E-09
1.07E-08
1.57E-08
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
2.58E-05
3.09E-05
3.71E-05
q [stb/day]
0
264,200
148,579
122,893
111,672
105,603
101,959
99,657
98,169
97,166
96,421
95,772
95,116
94,389
93,545
92,557
91,405
90,058
88,495
86,694
84,630
82,289
79,662
76,742
73,543
70,093
66,446
62,649
58,762
54,879
51,086
47,450
44,024
40,832
37,874
35,127
32,554
30,132
27,835
25,657
23,595
21,672
19,891
18,254
qD
0
8.29E+02
4.66E+02
3.86E+02
3.50E+02
3.31E+02
3.20E+02
3.13E+02
3.08E+02
3.05E+02
3.03E+02
3.01E+02
2.98E+02
2.96E+02
2.94E+02
2.90E+02
2.87E+02
2.83E+02
2.78E+02
2.72E+02
2.66E+02
2.58E+02
2.50E+02
2.41E+02
2.31E+02
2.20E+02
2.08E+02
1.97E+02
1.84E+02
1.72E+02
1.60E+02
1.49E+02
1.38E+02
1.28E+02
1.19E+02
1.10E+02
1.02E+02
9.45E+01
8.73E+01
8.05E+01
7.40E+01
6.80E+01
6.24E+01
5.73E+01
p [psi]
5,000
4,998
4,998
4,997
4,997
4,996
4,996
4,996
4,996
4,996
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,995
4,994
4,994
4,994
4,994
4,993
4,993
4,993
4,992
4,992
4,991
4,991
4,990
4,989
4,989
4,988
4,987
4,986
4,985
4,984
4,983
4,981
pD
n/a
1.20E-03
1.76E-03
2.16E-03
2.45E-03
2.68E-03
2.86E-03
3.00E-03
3.10E-03
3.17E-03
3.23E-03
3.27E-03
3.30E-03
3.33E-03
3.36E-03
3.39E-03
3.43E-03
3.48E-03
3.54E-03
3.61E-03
3.69E-03
3.78E-03
3.89E-03
4.01E-03
4.16E-03
4.32E-03
4.51E-03
4.73E-03
4.97E-03
5.24E-03
5.54E-03
5.87E-03
6.23E-03
6.62E-03
7.05E-03
7.52E-03
8.02E-03
8.57E-03
9.18E-03
9.84E-03
1.06E-02
1.14E-02
1.22E-02
1.32E-02
147

t [days]
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.46E-05
16,753
5.35E-05
15,374
6.42E-05
14,101
7.70E-05
12,921
9.24E-05
11,825
1.11E-04
10,816
1.33E-04
9,890
1.60E-04
9,048
1.91E-04
8,283
2.30E-04
7,581
2.76E-04
6,939
3.31E-04
6,349
3.97E-04
5,805
4.77E-04
5,305
5.72E-04
4,851
6.87E-04
4,437
8.24E-04
4,062
9.89E-04
3,720
1.19E-03
3,406
1.42E-03
3,118
1.71E-03
2,853
2.05E-03
2,612
2.46E-03
2,392
2.95E-03
2,192
3.54E-03
2,010
4.25E-03
1,845
5.10E-03
1,693
6.12E-03
1,554
7.35E-03
1,426
8.82E-03
1,311
1.06E-02
1,206
1.27E-02
1,111
1.52E-02
1,026
1.83E-02
948
2.19E-02
876
2.63E-02
811
3.16E-02
751
3.79E-02
696
4.55E-02
645
5.46E-02
599
6.55E-02
556
7.86E-02
517
9.43E-02
481
1.13E-01
448
1.36E-01
418
qD
5.26E+01
4.82E+01
4.42E+01
4.05E+01
3.71E+01
3.39E+01
3.10E+01
2.84E+01
2.60E+01
2.38E+01
2.18E+01
1.99E+01
1.82E+01
1.66E+01
1.52E+01
1.39E+01
1.27E+01
1.17E+01
1.07E+01
9.78E+00
8.95E+00
8.20E+00
7.51E+00
6.88E+00
6.31E+00
5.79E+00
5.31E+00
4.88E+00
4.48E+00
4.11E+00
3.78E+00
3.49E+00
3.22E+00
2.97E+00
2.75E+00
2.54E+00
2.36E+00
2.18E+00
2.02E+00
1.88E+00
1.74E+00
1.62E+00
1.51E+00
1.41E+00
1.31E+00
p [psi]
4,980
4,978
4,977
4,975
4,972
4,970
4,968
4,965
4,962
4,959
4,955
4,951
4,947
4,942
4,937
4,931
4,925
4,918
4,911
4,902
4,894
4,884
4,873
4,862
4,849
4,836
4,821
4,804
4,787
4,768
4,747
4,724
4,699
4,673
4,644
4,613
4,580
4,544
4,505
4,464
4,419
4,371
4,320
4,265
4,206
pD
1.42E-02
1.54E-02
1.66E-02
1.80E-02
1.95E-02
2.11E-02
2.29E-02
2.49E-02
2.70E-02
2.94E-02
3.19E-02
3.47E-02
3.78E-02
4.12E-02
4.49E-02
4.89E-02
5.33E-02
5.81E-02
6.34E-02
6.91E-02
7.54E-02
8.22E-02
8.97E-02
9.78E-02
1.07E-01
1.16E-01
1.27E-01
1.39E-01
1.51E-01
1.65E-01
1.79E-01
1.96E-01
2.13E-01
2.32E-01
2.52E-01
2.74E-01
2.97E-01
3.23E-01
3.50E-01
3.80E-01
4.11E-01
4.45E-01
4.82E-01
5.20E-01
5.62E-01
148

t [days]
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.63E-01
390
1.96E-01
365
2.35E-01
342
2.82E-01
321
3.38E-01
301
4.06E-01
284
4.87E-01
268
5.36E-01
260
5.84E-01
252
6.43E-01
245
7.01E-01
239
7.71E-01
232
8.41E-01
226
9.25E-01
220
1.01E+00
215
1.10E+00
210
1.16E+00
207
1.21E+00
204
1.30E+00
200
1.38E+00
197
1.45E+00
195
1.55E+00
191
1.64E+00
189
1.69E+00
187
1.74E+00
186
1.84E+00
183
1.93E+00
181
2.01E+00
179
2.09E+00
178
2.19E+00
176
2.28E+00
174
2.37E+00
172
2.44E+00
171
2.51E+00
170
2.60E+00
169
2.70E+00
167
2.79E+00
166
2.88E+00
165
2.95E+00
164
3.02E+00
163
3.11E+00
162
3.20E+00
161
3.29E+00
160
3.38E+00
159
3.48E+00
158
qD
1.22E+00
1.14E+00
1.07E+00
1.01E+00
9.46E-01
8.91E-01
8.41E-01
8.15E-01
7.92E-01
7.69E-01
7.49E-01
7.28E-01
7.09E-01
6.90E-01
6.74E-01
6.58E-01
6.49E-01
6.41E-01
6.28E-01
6.19E-01
6.10E-01
6.01E-01
5.92E-01
5.87E-01
5.83E-01
5.75E-01
5.68E-01
5.63E-01
5.57E-01
5.51E-01
5.46E-01
5.41E-01
5.37E-01
5.33E-01
5.29E-01
5.25E-01
5.21E-01
5.17E-01
5.14E-01
5.12E-01
5.08E-01
5.05E-01
5.02E-01
4.99E-01
4.96E-01
p [psi]
4,144
4,077
4,006
3,932
3,853
3,770
3,683
3,635
3,589
3,539
3,492
3,441
3,392
3,338
3,289
3,238
3,209
3,181
3,137
3,103
3,071
3,033
2,998
2,978
2,958
2,926
2,895
2,868
2,843
pD
6.06E-01
6.54E-01
7.04E-01
7.57E-01
8.12E-01
8.71E-01
9.33E-01
9.67E-01
9.99E-01
1.03E+00
1.07E+00
1.10E+00
1.14E+00
1.18E+00
1.21E+00
1.25E+00
1.27E+00
1.29E+00
1.32E+00
1.34E+00
1.37E+00
1.39E+00
1.42E+00
1.43E+00
1.45E+00
1.47E+00
1.49E+00
1.51E+00
1.53E+00
149

t [days]
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
3.55E+00
157
3.62E+00
157
3.71E+00
156
3.80E+00
155
3.90E+00
154
3.99E+00
153
4.08E+00
153
4.17E+00
152
4.26E+00
151
4.34E+00
151
4.43E+00
150
4.53E+00
149
4.62E+00
149
4.71E+00
148
4.80E+00
147
4.90E+00
147
4.99E+00
146
5.08E+00
146
5.14E+00
145
5.21E+00
145
5.30E+00
144
5.39E+00
144
5.49E+00
143
5.58E+00
143
5.67E+00
142
5.76E+00
142
5.85E+00
142
5.95E+00
141
6.04E+00
141
6.13E+00
140
6.19E+00
140
6.25E+00
140
6.34E+00
139
6.43E+00
139
6.53E+00
139
6.62E+00
138
6.71E+00
138
6.80E+00
137
6.90E+00
137
6.99E+00
137
7.08E+00
136
7.17E+00
136
7.26E+00
136
7.36E+00
135
7.43E+00
135
qD
4.93E-01
4.91E-01
4.89E-01
4.86E-01
4.83E-01
4.81E-01
4.79E-01
4.76E-01
4.74E-01
4.72E-01
4.70E-01
4.68E-01
4.66E-01
4.64E-01
4.63E-01
4.61E-01
4.59E-01
4.57E-01
4.56E-01
4.55E-01
4.53E-01
4.52E-01
4.50E-01
4.49E-01
4.47E-01
4.46E-01
4.44E-01
4.43E-01
4.41E-01
4.40E-01
4.39E-01
4.38E-01
4.37E-01
4.36E-01
4.35E-01
4.34E-01
4.32E-01
4.31E-01
4.30E-01
4.29E-01
4.28E-01
4.27E-01
4.26E-01
4.25E-01
4.24E-01
150

t [days]
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
7.50E+00
135
7.59E+00
135
7.69E+00
134
7.78E+00
134
7.87E+00
134
7.96E+00
133
8.05E+00
133
8.15E+00
133
8.24E+00
132
8.33E+00
132
8.42E+00
132
8.52E+00
132
8.61E+00
131
8.70E+00
131
8.79E+00
131
8.88E+00
131
8.94E+00
130
9.00E+00
130
9.09E+00
130
9.18E+00
130
9.28E+00
130
9.37E+00
129
9.46E+00
129
9.55E+00
129
9.65E+00
129
9.74E+00
128
9.83E+00
128
9.92E+00
128
1.00E+01
128
1.01E+01
127
1.02E+01
127
1.03E+01
127
1.04E+01
127
1.05E+01
127
1.06E+01
126
1.07E+01
126
1.07E+01
126
1.08E+01
126
1.09E+01
126
1.10E+01
126
1.11E+01
125
1.12E+01
125
1.13E+01
125
1.14E+01
125
1.14E+01
125
qD
4.23E-01
4.22E-01
4.21E-01
4.20E-01
4.19E-01
4.18E-01
4.17E-01
4.16E-01
4.16E-01
4.15E-01
4.14E-01
4.13E-01
4.12E-01
4.11E-01
4.11E-01
4.10E-01
4.09E-01
4.09E-01
4.08E-01
4.07E-01
4.06E-01
4.06E-01
4.05E-01
4.04E-01
4.04E-01
4.03E-01
4.02E-01
4.01E-01
4.01E-01
4.00E-01
3.99E-01
3.99E-01
3.98E-01
3.97E-01
3.97E-01
3.96E-01
3.96E-01
3.95E-01
3.95E-01
3.94E-01
3.93E-01
3.93E-01
3.92E-01
3.92E-01
3.91E-01
151

t [days]
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
6.00E+04
6.04E+04
6.08E+04
6.11E+04
6.14E+04
6.16E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.15E+01
124
1.16E+01
124
1.17E+01
124
1.18E+01
124
1.19E+01
124
1.20E+01
124
1.21E+01
123
1.22E+01
123
1.23E+01
123
1.24E+01
123
1.25E+01
123
1.26E+01
123
1.26E+01
122
1.27E+01
122
1.28E+01
122
1.29E+01
122
1.30E+01
122
1.31E+01
122
1.31E+01
122
1.32E+01
121
1.33E+01
121
1.34E+01
121
1.35E+01
121
1.36E+01
121
1.37E+01
121
1.38E+01
121
1.39E+01
120
1.40E+01
120
1.41E+01
120
1.42E+01
120
1.43E+01
120
1.43E+01
120
1.44E+01
120
1.45E+01
119
1.46E+01
119
1.47E+01
119
1.48E+01
119
1.49E+01
119
1.50E+01
119
1.51E+01
119
1.52E+01
119
1.53E+01
118
1.54E+01
118
1.55E+01
118
1.55E+01
118
1.56E+01
118
qD
3.91E-01
3.90E-01
3.89E-01
3.89E-01
3.88E-01
3.88E-01
3.87E-01
3.87E-01
3.86E-01
3.86E-01
3.85E-01
3.85E-01
3.84E-01
3.84E-01
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.82E-01
3.82E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.80E-01
3.80E-01
3.79E-01
3.79E-01
3.78E-01
3.78E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.76E-01
3.76E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.74E-01
3.74E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
152

Pressure and Rate for Point Source
t [days]
0.00E+00
1.16E-05
2.55E-05
4.22E-05
6.22E-05
8.62E-05
1.15E-04
1.50E-04
1.91E-04
2.41E-04
3.01E-04
3.72E-04
4.58E-04
5.61E-04
6.85E-04
8.34E-04
1.01E-03
1.23E-03
1.48E-03
1.79E-03
2.16E-03
2.61E-03
3.14E-03
3.78E-03
4.54E-03
5.46E-03
6.56E-03
7.88E-03
9.47E-03
1.14E-02
1.37E-02
1.64E-02
1.97E-02
2.37E-02
2.84E-02
3.41E-02
4.10E-02
4.92E-02
5.90E-02
7.08E-02
8.50E-02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
0.00E+00
0
2.92E-09
64,317
6.44E-09
48,107
1.07E-08
41,483
1.57E-08
38,149
2.18E-08
2.91E-08
3.78E-08
4.83E-08
6.09E-08
7.60E-08
9.41E-08
1.16E-07
1.42E-07
1.73E-07
2.11E-07
2.56E-07
3.10E-07
3.75E-07
4.53E-07
5.46E-07
6.58E-07
7.93E-07
9.54E-07
1.15E-06
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
1.99E-06
2.39E-06
2.88E-06
3.46E-06
4.15E-06
4.98E-06
5.99E-06
7.19E-06
8.63E-06
1.04E-05
1.24E-05
1.49E-05
1.79E-05
2.15E-05
36,306
35,242
34,614
34,235
33,990
33,812
33,659
33,504
33,334
33,138
32,909
32,641
32,328
31,964
31,543
31,059
30,508
29,888
29,195
28,431
27,601
26,717
25,787
24,825
23,850
22,882
21,937
21,026
20,154
19,322
18,523
17,747
16,988
16,238
15,495
14,759
qD
0.00E+00
2.02E+02
1.51E+02
1.30E+02
1.20E+02
p [psi]
5,000n/a
4,993
4,991
4,990
4,989
1.14E+02
1.11E+02
1.09E+02
1.07E+02
1.07E+02
1.06E+02
1.06E+02
1.05E+02
1.05E+02
1.04E+02
1.03E+02
1.02E+02
1.01E+02
1.00E+02
9.90E+01
9.75E+01
9.57E+01
9.38E+01
9.16E+01
8.92E+01
8.66E+01
8.38E+01
8.09E+01
7.79E+01
7.48E+01
7.18E+01
6.88E+01
6.60E+01
6.32E+01
6.06E+01
5.81E+01
5.57E+01
5.33E+01
5.10E+01
4.86E+01
4.63E+01
4,988
4,988
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,986
4,986
4,986
4,986
4,986
4,986
4,985
4,985
4,985
4,985
4,984
4,984
4,983
4,983
4,982
4,981
4,981
4,980
4,979
4,978
4,977
4,976
4,975
4,974
4,973
4,972
pD
4.91E-03
6.21E-03
7.08E-03
7.78E-03
8.25E-03
8.62E-03
8.88E-03
9.07E-03
9.19E-03
9.28E-03
9.35E-03
9.40E-03
9.45E-03
9.51E-03
9.58E-03
9.65E-03
9.74E-03
9.85E-03
9.97E-03
1.01E-02
1.03E-02
1.05E-02
1.07E-02
1.10E-02
1.12E-02
1.16E-02
1.19E-02
1.23E-02
1.28E-02
1.32E-02
1.37E-02
1.43E-02
1.48E-02
1.54E-02
1.60E-02
1.67E-02
1.74E-02
1.81E-02
1.89E-02
1.97E-02
153

Time, Pressure and Rate for Point Source - continued
t [days]
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.47E-01
1.76E-01
2.12E-01
2.54E-01
3.05E-01
3.66E-01
4.39E-01
5.27E-01
6.32E-01
7.58E-01
9.10E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
tDxf
q [stb/day]
2.58E-05
14,035
3.09E-05
13,326
3.71E-05
12,633
4.46E-05
11,959
5.35E-05
11,301
6.42E-05
10,660
7.70E-05
10,034
9.24E-05
9,423
1.11E-04
8,830
1.33E-04
8,257
1.60E-04
7,709
1.91E-04
7,186
2.30E-04
6,685
2.76E-04
6,210
3.31E-04
5,759
3.97E-04
5,332
4.77E-04
4,927
5.72E-04
4,548
6.87E-04
4,194
8.24E-04
3,866
9.89E-04
3,561
1.19E-03
3,278
1.42E-03
3,015
1.71E-03
2,770
2.05E-03
2,545
2.46E-03
2,337
2.95E-03
2,147
3.54E-03
1,972
4.25E-03
1,813
5.10E-03
1,666
6.12E-03
1,531
7.35E-03
1,407
8.82E-03
1,294
1.06E-02
1,191
1.27E-02
1,097
1.52E-02
1,013
1.83E-02
936
2.19E-02
866
2.63E-02
802
3.16E-02
743
3.79E-02
688
4.55E-02
638
5.46E-02
593
qD
4.40E+01
4.18E+01
3.96E+01
3.75E+01
3.55E+01
3.35E+01
3.15E+01
2.96E+01
2.77E+01
2.59E+01
2.42E+01
2.25E+01
2.10E+01
1.95E+01
1.81E+01
1.67E+01
1.55E+01
1.43E+01
1.32E+01
1.21E+01
1.12E+01
1.03E+01
9.46E+00
8.69E+00
7.98E+00
7.33E+00
6.74E+00
6.19E+00
5.69E+00
5.23E+00
4.80E+00
4.41E+00
4.06E+00
3.74E+00
3.44E+00
3.18E+00
2.94E+00
2.72E+00
2.52E+00
2.33E+00
2.16E+00
2.00E+00
1.86E+00
p [psi]
4,971
4,969
4,968
4,966
4,965
4,963
4,961
4,959
4,956
4,954
4,951
4,948
4,944
4,940
4,936
4,932
4,927
4,922
4,916
4,910
4,903
4,896
4,888
4,879
4,869
4,858
4,847
4,834
4,820
4,805
4,789
4,771
4,752
4,731
4,708
4,684
4,657
4,628
4,597
4,564
4,528
4,489
4,448
pD
2.06E-02
2.16E-02
2.27E-02
2.38E-02
2.51E-02
2.64E-02
2.78E-02
2.94E-02
3.11E-02
3.29E-02
3.49E-02
3.71E-02
3.95E-02
4.21E-02
4.50E-02
4.81E-02
5.15E-02
5.52E-02
5.93E-02
6.38E-02
6.86E-02
7.39E-02
7.97E-02
8.60E-02
9.29E-02
1.00E-01
1.09E-01
1.17E-01
1.27E-01
1.38E-01
1.49E-01
1.62E-01
1.76E-01
1.90E-01
2.07E-01
2.24E-01
2.43E-01
2.63E-01
2.85E-01
3.09E-01
3.34E-01
3.62E-01
3.91E-01
154

t [days]
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
4.36E+03
4.58E+03
4.79E+03
5.16E+03
5.46E+03
5.75E+03
6.12E+03
6.48E+03
6.69E+03
6.90E+03
7.27E+03
7.63E+03
7.96E+03
8.28E+03
8.65E+03
9.01E+03
9.38E+03
9.66E+03
9.94E+03
1.03E+04
1.07E+04
1.10E+04
1.14E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
6.55E-02
550
7.86E-02
512
9.43E-02
476
1.13E-01
444
1.36E-01
414
1.63E-01
387
1.96E-01
362
2.35E-01
339
2.82E-01
318
3.38E-01
299
4.06E-01
282
4.87E-01
266
5.36E-01
258
5.84E-01
251
6.43E-01
243
7.01E-01
237
7.71E-01
230
8.41E-01
224
9.25E-01
218
1.01E+00
213
1.10E+00
208
1.16E+00
205
1.21E+00
203
1.30E+00
199
1.38E+00
196
1.45E+00
193
1.55E+00
190
1.64E+00
187
1.69E+00
186
1.74E+00
185
1.84E+00
182
1.93E+00
180
2.01E+00
178
2.09E+00
176
2.19E+00
175
2.28E+00
173
2.37E+00
171
2.44E+00
170
2.51E+00
169
2.60E+00
168
2.70E+00
166
2.79E+00
165
2.88E+00
164
qD
1.73E+00
1.61E+00
1.49E+00
1.39E+00
1.30E+00
1.21E+00
1.14E+00
1.06E+00
9.98E-01
9.38E-01
8.84E-01
8.34E-01
8.09E-01
7.86E-01
7.63E-01
7.43E-01
7.23E-01
7.04E-01
6.86E-01
6.69E-01
6.53E-01
6.44E-01
6.36E-01
6.24E-01
6.15E-01
6.06E-01
5.97E-01
5.88E-01
5.84E-01
5.79E-01
5.72E-01
5.65E-01
5.59E-01
5.54E-01
5.48E-01
5.43E-01
5.38E-01
5.34E-01
5.30E-01
5.26E-01
5.22E-01
5.18E-01
5.14E-01
p [psi]
4,403
4,355
4,303
4,248
4,189
4,126
4,060
3,989
3,914
3,835
3,752
3,665
3,616
3,571
3,521
3,474
3,422
3,374
3,320
3,270
3,219
3,190
3,162
3,119
3,085
3,052
3,014
2,979
2,959
2,939
2,907
2,876
2,849
2,824
pD
4.23E-01
4.57E-01
4.93E-01
5.32E-01
5.74E-01
6.19E-01
6.66E-01
7.16E-01
7.69E-01
8.25E-01
8.84E-01
9.46E-01
9.80E-01
1.01E+00
1.05E+00
1.08E+00
1.12E+00
1.15E+00
1.19E+00
1.23E+00
1.26E+00
1.28E+00
1.30E+00
1.33E+00
1.36E+00
1.38E+00
1.41E+00
1.43E+00
1.45E+00
1.46E+00
1.48E+00
1.50E+00
1.52E+00
1.54E+00
155

t [days]
1.17E+04
1.19E+04
1.23E+04
1.27E+04
1.30E+04
1.34E+04
1.38E+04
1.40E+04
1.43E+04
1.47E+04
1.51E+04
1.54E+04
1.58E+04
1.61E+04
1.65E+04
1.68E+04
1.72E+04
1.75E+04
1.79E+04
1.83E+04
1.86E+04
1.90E+04
1.94E+04
1.97E+04
2.01E+04
2.04E+04
2.06E+04
2.10E+04
2.13E+04
2.17E+04
2.21E+04
2.24E+04
2.28E+04
2.32E+04
2.35E+04
2.39E+04
2.43E+04
2.45E+04
2.47E+04
2.51E+04
2.55E+04
2.58E+04
2.62E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
2.95E+00
163
3.02E+00
162
3.11E+00
161
3.20E+00
160
3.29E+00
159
3.38E+00
158
3.48E+00
157
3.55E+00
156
3.62E+00
156
3.71E+00
155
3.80E+00
154
3.90E+00
153
3.99E+00
152
4.08E+00
152
4.17E+00
151
4.26E+00
150
4.34E+00
150
4.43E+00
149
4.53E+00
148
4.62E+00
148
4.71E+00
147
4.80E+00
147
4.90E+00
146
4.99E+00
145
5.08E+00
145
5.14E+00
145
5.21E+00
144
5.30E+00
144
5.39E+00
143
5.49E+00
143
5.58E+00
142
5.67E+00
142
5.76E+00
141
5.85E+00
141
5.95E+00
140
6.04E+00
140
6.13E+00
140
6.19E+00
139
6.25E+00
139
6.34E+00
139
6.43E+00
138
6.53E+00
138
6.62E+00
137
qD
5.11E-01
5.09E-01
5.05E-01
5.02E-01
4.99E-01
4.96E-01
4.93E-01
4.91E-01
4.88E-01
4.86E-01
4.83E-01
4.81E-01
4.78E-01
4.76E-01
4.74E-01
4.72E-01
4.70E-01
4.68E-01
4.66E-01
4.64E-01
4.62E-01
4.60E-01
4.58E-01
4.56E-01
4.55E-01
4.54E-01
4.52E-01
4.51E-01
4.49E-01
4.48E-01
4.46E-01
4.45E-01
4.43E-01
4.42E-01
4.40E-01
4.39E-01
4.38E-01
4.37E-01
4.36E-01
4.35E-01
4.34E-01
4.32E-01
4.31E-01
156

t [days]
2.66E+04
2.69E+04
2.73E+04
2.77E+04
2.80E+04
2.84E+04
2.87E+04
2.91E+04
2.94E+04
2.97E+04
3.00E+04
3.04E+04
3.08E+04
3.11E+04
3.15E+04
3.19E+04
3.22E+04
3.26E+04
3.30E+04
3.33E+04
3.37E+04
3.41E+04
3.44E+04
3.48E+04
3.52E+04
3.54E+04
3.56E+04
3.60E+04
3.63E+04
3.67E+04
3.71E+04
3.74E+04
3.78E+04
3.82E+04
3.85E+04
3.89E+04
3.93E+04
3.96E+04
4.00E+04
4.04E+04
4.07E+04
4.11E+04
4.15E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
6.71E+00
137
6.80E+00
137
6.90E+00
136
6.99E+00
136
7.08E+00
136
7.17E+00
135
7.26E+00
135
7.36E+00
135
7.43E+00
134
7.50E+00
134
7.59E+00
134
7.69E+00
134
7.78E+00
133
7.87E+00
133
7.96E+00
133
8.05E+00
132
8.15E+00
132
8.24E+00
132
8.33E+00
132
8.42E+00
131
8.52E+00
131
8.61E+00
131
8.70E+00
130
8.79E+00
130
8.88E+00
130
8.94E+00
130
9.00E+00
130
9.09E+00
129
9.18E+00
129
9.28E+00
129
9.37E+00
129
9.46E+00
128
9.55E+00
128
9.65E+00
128
9.74E+00
128
9.83E+00
128
9.92E+00
127
1.00E+01
127
1.01E+01
127
1.02E+01
127
1.03E+01
126
1.04E+01
126
1.05E+01
126
qD
4.30E-01
4.29E-01
4.28E-01
4.27E-01
4.26E-01
4.25E-01
4.24E-01
4.23E-01
4.22E-01
4.21E-01
4.20E-01
4.19E-01
4.18E-01
4.17E-01
4.16E-01
4.15E-01
4.14E-01
4.13E-01
4.13E-01
4.12E-01
4.11E-01
4.10E-01
4.09E-01
4.08E-01
4.08E-01
4.07E-01
4.07E-01
4.06E-01
4.05E-01
4.04E-01
4.04E-01
4.03E-01
4.02E-01
4.02E-01
4.01E-01
4.00E-01
3.99E-01
3.99E-01
3.98E-01
3.97E-01
3.97E-01
3.96E-01
3.95E-01
157

t [days]
4.18E+04
4.22E+04
4.25E+04
4.27E+04
4.31E+04
4.35E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.46E+04
4.49E+04
4.53E+04
4.57E+04
4.60E+04
4.64E+04
4.67E+04
4.71E+04
4.75E+04
4.78E+04
4.82E+04
4.86E+04
4.89E+04
4.93E+04
4.97E+04
5.00E+04
5.04E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
5.13E+04
5.16E+04
5.20E+04
5.24E+04
5.27E+04
5.31E+04
5.35E+04
5.38E+04
5.42E+04
5.46E+04
5.49E+04
5.53E+04
5.57E+04
5.60E+04
5.64E+04
5.68E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.06E+01
126
1.07E+01
126
1.07E+01
125
1.08E+01
125
1.09E+01
125
1.10E+01
125
1.11E+01
125
1.12E+01
125
1.13E+01
124
1.14E+01
124
1.14E+01
124
1.15E+01
124
1.16E+01
124
1.17E+01
124
1.18E+01
123
1.19E+01
123
1.20E+01
123
1.21E+01
123
1.22E+01
123
1.23E+01
123
1.24E+01
122
1.25E+01
122
1.26E+01
122
1.26E+01
122
1.27E+01
122
1.28E+01
122
1.29E+01
121
1.30E+01
121
1.31E+01
121
1.31E+01
121
1.32E+01
121
1.33E+01
121
1.34E+01
121
1.35E+01
120
1.36E+01
120
1.37E+01
120
1.38E+01
120
1.39E+01
120
1.40E+01
120
1.41E+01
120
1.42E+01
119
1.43E+01
119
1.43E+01
119
qD
3.95E-01
3.94E-01
3.94E-01
3.93E-01
3.93E-01
3.92E-01
3.92E-01
3.91E-01
3.90E-01
3.90E-01
3.89E-01
3.89E-01
3.88E-01
3.88E-01
3.87E-01
3.86E-01
3.86E-01
3.85E-01
3.85E-01
3.84E-01
3.84E-01
3.83E-01
3.83E-01
3.82E-01
3.82E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.81E-01
3.80E-01
3.80E-01
3.79E-01
3.79E-01
3.78E-01
3.78E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.77E-01
3.76E-01
3.76E-01
3.75E-01
3.75E-01
3.74E-01
3.74E-01
158

t [days]
5.71E+04
5.75E+04
5.79E+04
5.82E+04
5.86E+04
5.89E+04
5.93E+04
5.97E+04
tDxf
q [stb/day]
1.44E+01
119
1.45E+01
119
1.46E+01
119
1.47E+01
119
1.48E+01
119
1.49E+01
118
1.50E+01
118
1.51E+01
118
qD
3.74E-01
3.73E-01
3.73E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.72E-01
3.71E-01
3.71E-01
159
160

and Pressure for xf/y=255, Constant Rate Case, Vertical Well
t [days]
0
1.03E-04
2.27E-04
3.76E-04
5.54E-04
7.68E-04
1.03E-03
1.33E-03
1.70E-03
2.15E-03
2.68E-03
3.32E-03
4.09E-03
5.01E-03
6.11E-03
7.43E-03
9.02E-03
1.09E-02
1.32E-02
1.60E-02
1.93E-02
2.32E-02
2.80E-02
3.37E-02
4.05E-02
4.87E-02
5.86E-02
7.04E-02
8.46E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.46E-01
1.76E-01
2.11E-01
2.53E-01
3.04E-01
3.65E-01
4.38E-01
5.26E-01
6.31E-01
7.57E-01
9.09E-01
p [psi]
5,000.00
4,992.24
4,990.58
4,990.04
4,989.81
4,989.65
4,989.48
4,989.29
4,989.08
4,988.82
4,988.52
4,988.17
4,987.76
4,987.30
4,986.76
4,986.15
4,985.47
4,984.69
4,983.83
4,982.88
4,981.83
4,980.69
4,979.46
4,978.12
4,976.67
4,975.10
4,973.41
4,971.56
4,969.55
4,967.35
4,964.94
4,962.30
4,959.40
4,956.23
4,952.77
4,948.98
4,944.80
4,940.22
4,935.19
4,929.68
4,923.68
4,917.04
tDxf
n/a
2.60E-08
5.74E-08
9.50E-08
1.40E-07
1.94E-07
2.59E-07
3.37E-07
4.30E-07
5.43E-07
6.77E-07
8.39E-07
1.03E-06
1.26E-06
1.54E-06
1.88E-06
2.28E-06
2.76E-06
3.34E-06
4.03E-06
4.87E-06
5.87E-06
7.07E-06
8.51E-06
1.02E-05
1.23E-05
1.48E-05
1.78E-05
2.14E-05
2.57E-05
3.08E-05
3.70E-05
4.44E-05
5.34E-05
6.41E-05
7.69E-05
9.23E-05
1.11E-04
1.33E-04
1.60E-04
1.91E-04
2.30E-04
pD
n/a
5.49E-03
6.67E-03
7.05E-03
7.22E-03
7.33E-03
7.45E-03
7.58E-03
7.74E-03
7.92E-03
8.13E-03
8.38E-03
8.67E-03
9.00E-03
9.38E-03
9.81E-03
1.03E-02
1.08E-02
1.15E-02
1.21E-02
1.29E-02
1.37E-02
1.45E-02
1.55E-02
1.65E-02
1.76E-02
1.88E-02
2.01E-02
2.16E-02
2.31E-02
2.48E-02
2.67E-02
2.88E-02
3.10E-02
3.34E-02
3.61E-02
3.91E-02
4.23E-02
4.59E-02
4.98E-02
5.41E-02
5.88E-02
t [days]
p [psi]
tDxf
pD
1.09E+00 4,909.81 2.76E-04 6.39E-02
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
1.61E+03
4,901.91
4,893.26
4,883.73
4,873.37
4,862.00
4,849.61
4,836.05
4,821.26
4,805.09
4,787.37
4,768.10
4,747.04
4,724.00
4,698.87
4,671.57
4,641.74
4,609.29
4,573.92
4,535.50
4,493.69
4,448.38
4,399.52
4,346.28
4,288.90
4,227.00
4,160.51
4,088.75
4,011.49
3,928.38
3,839.10
3,743.36
3,640.69
3,530.76
3,413.38
3,287.72
3,154.61
3,013.14
2,863.37
2,705.39
2,539.42
3.31E-04
3.97E-04
4.77E-04
5.72E-04
6.86E-04
8.24E-04
9.88E-04
1.19E-03
1.42E-03
1.71E-03
2.05E-03
2.46E-03
2.95E-03
3.54E-03
4.25E-03
5.10E-03
6.12E-03
7.35E-03
8.82E-03
1.06E-02
1.27E-02
1.52E-02
1.83E-02
2.19E-02
2.63E-02
3.16E-02
3.79E-02
4.55E-02
5.46E-02
6.55E-02
7.86E-02
9.43E-02
1.13E-01
1.36E-01
1.63E-01
1.96E-01
2.35E-01
2.82E-01
3.38E-01
4.06E-01
6.95E-02
7.56E-02
8.23E-02
8.97E-02
9.77E-02
1.07E-01
1.16E-01
1.27E-01
1.38E-01
1.51E-01
1.64E-01
1.79E-01
1.95E-01
2.13E-01
2.33E-01
2.54E-01
2.77E-01
3.02E-01
3.29E-01
3.59E-01
3.91E-01
4.25E-01
4.63E-01
5.04E-01
5.47E-01
5.95E-01
6.45E-01
7.00E-01
7.59E-01
8.22E-01
8.90E-01
9.63E-01
1.04E+00
1.12E+00
1.21E+00
1.31E+00
1.41E+00
1.51E+00
1.63E+00
1.74E+00
161

Time, and Pressure for xf/y=255, Constant Rate Case, Vertical Well continued
t [days]
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
p [psi]
2,364.91
2,267.88
2,177.39
2,076.76
1,982.99
1,878.72
1,781.67
1,674.00
1,573.90
tDxf
4.87E-01
5.36E-01
5.84E-01
6.43E-01
7.01E-01
7.71E-01
8.41E-01
9.25E-01
1.01E+00
pD
1.87E+00
1.93E+00
2.00E+00
2.07E+00
2.14E+00
2.21E+00
2.28E+00
2.36E+00
2.43E+00
162

and Rate for xf/y=128, Constant Pressure Case, Vertical Well
t [days] q [stb/day]
1.03E-04 57,731.64
2.27E-04 45,780.68
3.76E-04 44,300.47
5.54E-04 43,639.16
7.68E-04 43,039.15
1.03E-03 42,374.53
1.33E-03 41,616.37
1.70E-03 40,751.01
2.15E-03 39,772.57
2.68E-03 38,679.54
3.32E-03 37,470.74
4.09E-03 36,153.84
5.01E-03 34,743.22
6.11E-03 33,263.45
7.43E-03 31,736.06
9.02E-03 30,187.47
1.09E-02 28,655.41
1.32E-02 27,173.31
1.60E-02 25,762.59
1.93E-02 24,437.02
2.32E-02 23,200.53
2.80E-02 22,034.77
3.37E-02 20,919.01
4.05E-02 19,829.81
4.87E-02 18,746.77
5.86E-02 17,653.63
7.04E-02 16,544.00
8.46E-02 15,415.49
1.02E-01 14,281.31
1.22E-01 13,151.09
1.46E-01 12,038.30
1.76E-01 10,958.50
2.11E-01
9,924.63
2.53E-01
8,949.95
3.04E-01
8,041.69
3.65E-01
7,205.55
4.38E-01
6,445.61
5.26E-01
5,762.60
6.31E-01
5,158.12
7.57E-01
4,625.07
9.09E-01
4,155.15
1.09E+00
3,743.63
tDxf
2.60E-08
5.74E-08
9.50E-08
1.40E-07
1.94E-07
2.59E-07
3.37E-07
4.30E-07
5.43E-07
6.77E-07
8.39E-07
1.03E-06
1.26E-06
1.54E-06
1.88E-06
2.28E-06
2.76E-06
3.34E-06
4.03E-06
4.87E-06
5.87E-06
7.07E-06
8.51E-06
1.02E-05
1.23E-05
1.48E-05
1.78E-05
2.14E-05
2.57E-05
3.08E-05
3.70E-05
4.44E-05
5.34E-05
6.41E-05
7.69E-05
9.23E-05
1.11E-04
1.33E-04
1.60E-04
1.91E-04
2.30E-04
2.76E-04
qD
181.149
143.650
139.005
136.930
135.047
132.962
130.583
127.868
124.797
121.368
117.575
113.443
109.016
104.373
99.581
94.722
89.914
85.264
80.837
76.678
72.798
69.140
65.639
62.222
58.823
55.393
51.911
48.370
44.812
41.265
37.774
34.385
31.141
28.083
25.233
22.609
20.225
18.082
16.185
14.512
13.038
11.747
1.31E+00 3,381.58
1.57E+00 3,060.39
1.89E+00 2,774.68
2.26E+00 2,519.97
2.72E+00 2,292.29
3.26E+00 2,088.78
3.91E+00 1,905.76
4.69E+00 1,740.14
5.63E+00 1,589.66
6.76E+00 1,452.11
8.11E+00 1,327.37
9.73E+00 1,214.18
1.17E+01 1,111.43
1.40E+01 1,018.41
1.68E+01
934.05
2.02E+01
856.77
2.42E+01
786.07
2.91E+01
721.38
3.49E+01
662.60
4.19E+01
609.34
5.02E+01
561.33
6.02E+01
518.11
7.23E+01
478.61
8.68E+01
442.62
1.04E+02
409.61
1.25E+02
379.35
1.50E+02
351.48
1.80E+02
325.87
2.16E+02
302.37
2.59E+02
280.82
3.11E+02
261.06
3.73E+02
242.92
4.48E+02
226.29
5.38E+02
211.05
6.46E+02
197.05
7.75E+02
184.30
9.30E+02
172.62
1.12E+03
161.96
1.34E+03
152.23
1.61E+03
143.35
1.93E+03
135.22
2.12E+03
131.05
tDxf
3.31E-04
3.97E-04
4.77E-04
5.72E-04
6.86E-04
8.24E-04
9.88E-04
1.19E-03
1.42E-03
1.71E-03
2.05E-03
2.46E-03
2.95E-03
3.54E-03
4.25E-03
5.10E-03
6.12E-03
7.35E-03
8.82E-03
1.06E-02
1.27E-02
1.52E-02
1.83E-02
2.19E-02
2.63E-02
3.16E-02
3.79E-02
4.55E-02
5.46E-02
6.55E-02
7.86E-02
9.43E-02
1.13E-01
1.36E-01
1.63E-01
1.96E-01
2.35E-01
2.82E-01
3.38E-01
4.06E-01
4.87E-01
5.36E-01
qD
10.611
9.603
8.706
7.907
7.193
6.554
5.980
5.460
4.988
4.556
4.165
3.810
3.487
3.196
2.931
2.688
2.467
2.264
2.079
1.912
1.761
1.626
1.502
1.389
1.285
1.190
1.103
1.023
0.949
0.881
0.819
0.762
0.710
0.662
0.618
0.578
0.542
0.508
0.478
0.450
0.424
0.411
163

Time, and Rate for xf/y=128, Constant Pressure Case, Vertical Well continued
tDxf
2.31E+03
127.42 5.84E-01
2.54E+03
123.68 6.43E-01
2.77E+03
120.42 7.01E-01
3.05E+03
117.04 7.71E-01
3.33E+03
114.08 8.41E-01
3.66E+03
111.01 9.25E-01
3.99E+03
108.32 1.01E+00
qD
0.400
0.388
0.378
0.367
0.358
0.348
0.340
164
Table 10 Production Data and Dimensionless Time and Flow Rate

for McAlister O.H. 16
t
[months] q[Mcf/m]
1
45,816
2
95,857
3
76,889
4
78,556
5
69,757
6
66,602
7
59,948
8
51,841
9
53,079
10
47,095
11
49,919
12
44,319
13
44,979
14
43,737
15
38,344
16
41,482
17
39,781
18
38,887
19
37,787
20
39,142
21
36,193
22
34,558
23
34,100
24
32,084
25
32,300
26
32,002
27
28,602
28
31,073
tDxf
2.70E-06
5.40E-06
8.10E-06
1.08E-05
1.35E-05
1.62E-05
1.89E-05
2.16E-05
2.43E-05
2.70E-05
2.97E-05
3.24E-05
3.51E-05
3.78E-05
4.05E-05
4.32E-05
4.59E-05
4.86E-05
5.13E-05
5.40E-05
5.67E-05
5.94E-05
6.21E-05
6.48E-05
6.75E-05
7.02E-05
7.29E-05
7.56E-05
qD
3.82E+01
7.99E+01
6.41E+01
6.55E+01
5.81E+01
5.55E+01
5.00E+01
4.32E+01
4.42E+01
3.92E+01
4.16E+01
3.69E+01
3.75E+01
3.64E+01
3.20E+01
3.46E+01
3.32E+01
3.24E+01
3.15E+01
3.26E+01
3.02E+01
2.88E+01
2.84E+01
2.67E+01
2.69E+01
2.67E+01
2.38E+01
2.59E+01
t
[months] q[Mcf/m]
29
30,127
30
29,846
31
28,822
32
29,362
33
26,080
34
29,420
35
28,784
36
27,173
37
29,166
38
28,066
39
23,200
40
26,474
41
25,212
42
26,565
43
24,300
44
24,601
45
23,552
46
23,236
47
23,874
48
22,521
49
21,305
50
22,362
51
21,997
52
22,933
53
22,379
54
20,673
55
26,054
tDxf
7.83E-05
8.10E-05
8.37E-05
8.64E-05
8.91E-05
9.18E-05
9.45E-05
9.72E-05
9.99E-05
1.03E-04
1.05E-04
1.08E-04
1.11E-04
1.13E-04
1.16E-04
1.19E-04
1.22E-04
1.24E-04
1.27E-04
1.30E-04
1.32E-04
1.35E-04
1.38E-04
1.40E-04
1.43E-04
1.46E-04
1.49E-04
qD
2.51E+01
2.49E+01
2.40E+01
2.45E+01
2.17E+01
2.45E+01
2.40E+01
2.26E+01
2.43E+01
2.34E+01
1.93E+01
2.21E+01
2.10E+01
2.21E+01
2.03E+01
2.05E+01
1.96E+01
1.94E+01
1.99E+01
1.88E+01
1.78E+01
1.86E+01
1.83E+01
1.91E+01
1.86E+01
1.72E+01
2.17E+01
165

Pressure and Rate for xf/y=255, Point Source
t [days]
0.00E+00
1.03E-04
2.27E-04
3.76E-04
5.54E-04
7.68E-04
1.03E-03
1.33E-03
1.70E-03
2.15E-03
2.68E-03
3.32E-03
4.09E-03
5.01E-03
6.11E-03
7.43E-03
9.02E-03
1.09E-02
1.32E-02
1.60E-02
1.93E-02
2.32E-02
2.80E-02
3.37E-02
4.05E-02
4.87E-02
5.86E-02
7.04E-02
8.46E-02
1.02E-01
1.22E-01
1.46E-01
1.76E-01
2.11E-01
2.53E-01
3.04E-01
3.65E-01
4.38E-01
5.26E-01
6.31E-01
7.57E-01
tDxf
n/a
2.60E-08
5.74E-08
9.50E-08
1.40E-07
1.94E-07
2.59E-07
3.37E-07
4.30E-07
5.43E-07
6.77E-07
8.39E-07
1.03E-06
1.26E-06
1.54E-06
1.88E-06
2.28E-06
2.76E-06
3.34E-06
4.03E-06
4.87E-06
5.87E-06
7.07E-06
8.51E-06
1.02E-05
1.23E-05
1.48E-05
1.78E-05
2.14E-05
2.57E-05
3.08E-05
3.70E-05
4.44E-05
5.34E-05
6.41E-05
7.69E-05
9.23E-05
1.11E-04
1.33E-04
1.60E-04
1.91E-04
q [stb/day]
0
41,141
35,004
33,913
33,474
33,108
32,708
32,249
31,717
31,107
30,412
29,627
28,749
27,780
26,727
25,597
24,400
23,157
21,892
20,627
19,383
18,181
17,032
15,942
14,911
13,935
13,007
12,121
11,271
10,458
9,684
8,948
8,254
7,602
6,993
6,423
5,892
5,400
4,945
4,528
4,146
qD
n/a
1.29E+02
1.10E+02
1.06E+02
1.05E+02
1.04E+02
1.03E+02
1.01E+02
9.95E+01
9.76E+01
9.54E+01
9.30E+01
9.02E+01
8.72E+01
8.39E+01
8.03E+01
7.66E+01
7.27E+01
6.87E+01
6.47E+01
6.08E+01
5.70E+01
5.34E+01
5.00E+01
4.68E+01
4.37E+01
4.08E+01
3.80E+01
3.54E+01
3.28E+01
3.04E+01
2.81E+01
2.59E+01
2.39E+01
2.19E+01
2.02E+01
1.85E+01
1.69E+01
1.55E+01
1.42E+01
1.30E+01
p [psi]
5,000
4,989
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,987
4,986
4,986
4,986
4,986
4,985
4,985
4,985
4,984
4,984
4,983
4,982
4,982
4,981
4,980
4,979
4,978
4,976
4,975
4,974
4,972
4,970
4,968
4,966
4,964
4,962
4,959
4,956
4,953
4,950
4,946
4,942
4,937
4,932
4,927
4,921
pD
n/a
7.69E-03
8.88E-03
9.26E-03
9.43E-03
9.54E-03
9.66E-03
9.79E-03
9.95E-03
1.01E-02
1.03E-02
1.06E-02
1.09E-02
1.12E-02
1.16E-02
1.20E-02
1.25E-02
1.30E-02
1.37E-02
1.43E-02
1.51E-02
1.59E-02
1.68E-02
1.77E-02
1.87E-02
1.98E-02
2.10E-02
2.24E-02
2.38E-02
2.53E-02
2.71E-02
2.89E-02
3.10E-02
3.32E-02
3.57E-02
3.83E-02
4.13E-02
4.45E-02
4.81E-02
5.20E-02
5.63E-02
166

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate for xf/y=255, Point Source continued
t [days]
9.09E-01
1.09E+00
1.31E+00
1.57E+00
1.89E+00
2.26E+00
2.72E+00
3.26E+00
3.91E+00
4.69E+00
5.63E+00
6.76E+00
8.11E+00
9.73E+00
1.17E+01
1.40E+01
1.68E+01
2.02E+01
2.42E+01
2.91E+01
3.49E+01
4.19E+01
5.02E+01
6.02E+01
7.23E+01
8.68E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.59E+02
3.11E+02
3.73E+02
4.48E+02
5.38E+02
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
9.30E+02
1.12E+03
1.34E+03
tDxf
q [stb/day]
2.30E-04
3,794
2.76E-04
3,474
3.31E-04
3,179
3.97E-04
2,908
4.77E-04
2,659
5.72E-04
2,432
6.86E-04
2,225
8.24E-04
2,036
9.88E-04
1,865
1.19E-03
1,708
1.42E-03
1,564
1.71E-03
1,431
2.05E-03
1,310
2.46E-03
1,200
2.95E-03
1,100
3.54E-03
1,008
4.25E-03
925
5.10E-03
849
6.12E-03
780
7.35E-03
716
8.82E-03
658
1.06E-02
605
1.27E-02
557
1.52E-02
514
1.83E-02
475
2.19E-02
440
2.63E-02
407
3.16E-02
377
3.79E-02
349
4.55E-02
324
5.46E-02
300
6.55E-02
279
7.86E-02
259
9.43E-02
241
1.13E-01
225
1.36E-01
210
1.63E-01
196
1.96E-01
183
2.35E-01
172
2.82E-01
161
3.38E-01
151
qD
1.19E+01
1.09E+01
9.98E+00
9.13E+00
8.34E+00
7.63E+00
6.98E+00
6.39E+00
5.85E+00
5.36E+00
4.91E+00
4.49E+00
4.11E+00
3.77E+00
3.45E+00
3.16E+00
2.90E+00
2.67E+00
2.45E+00
2.25E+00
2.06E+00
1.90E+00
1.75E+00
1.61E+00
1.49E+00
1.38E+00
1.28E+00
1.18E+00
1.10E+00
1.02E+00
9.43E-01
8.75E-01
8.14E-01
7.57E-01
7.06E-01
6.58E-01
6.14E-01
5.75E-01
5.38E-01
5.05E-01
4.75E-01
p [psi]
4,914
4,907
4,899
4,890
4,881
4,870
4,859
4,846
4,833
4,818
4,802
4,784
4,765
4,744
4,721
4,696
4,668
4,639
4,606
4,571
4,532
4,491
4,445
4,396
4,343
4,286
4,224
4,157
4,086
4,008
3,925
3,836
3,740
3,638
3,528
3,410
3,284
3,151
3,010
2,860
2,702
pD
6.10E-02
6.61E-02
7.17E-02
7.78E-02
8.46E-02
9.19E-02
9.99E-02
1.09E-01
1.18E-01
1.29E-01
1.40E-01
1.53E-01
1.66E-01
1.81E-01
1.98E-01
2.15E-01
2.35E-01
2.56E-01
2.79E-01
3.04E-01
3.31E-01
3.61E-01
3.93E-01
4.27E-01
4.65E-01
5.06E-01
5.50E-01
5.97E-01
6.48E-01
7.02E-01
7.61E-01
8.24E-01
8.92E-01
9.65E-01
1.04E+00
1.13E+00
1.21E+00
1.31E+00
1.41E+00
1.52E+00
1.63E+00
167

Dimensionless Time, Pressure and Rate for xf/y=255, Point Source continued
t [days]
1.61E+03
1.93E+03
2.12E+03
2.31E+03
2.54E+03
2.77E+03
3.05E+03
3.33E+03
3.66E+03
3.99E+03
tDxf
q [stb/day]
4.06E-01
143
4.87E-01
134
5.36E-01
130
5.84E-01
127
6.43E-01
123
7.01E-01
120
7.71E-01
116
8.41E-01
113
9.25E-01
110
1.01E+00
108
qD
4.47E-01
4.22E-01
4.09E-01
3.98E-01
3.86E-01
3.76E-01
3.65E-01
3.56E-01
3.46E-01
3.38E-01
p [psi]
2,536
2,362
2,265
2,174
2,074
1,980
1,876
1,778
1,671
1,571
pD
1.74E+00
1.87E+00
1.94E+00
2.00E+00
2.07E+00
2.14E+00
2.21E+00
2.28E+00
2.36E+00
2.43E+00
168

and Pressure for Constant Rate Case, xf2 =xf1/4 and xf/y= 255
t [days]
0
1.18E-02
2.60E-02
4.30E-02
6.34E-02
8.79E-02
1.17E-01
1.53E-01
1.95E-01
2.46E-01
3.06E-01
3.80E-01
4.67E-01
5.72E-01
6.98E-01
8.50E-01
1.03E+00
1.25E+00
1.51E+00
1.83E+00
2.20E+00
2.66E+00
3.20E+00
3.85E+00
4.63E+00
5.57E+00
6.70E+00
8.05E+00
9.67E+00
1.16E+01
1.39E+01
1.67E+01
2.01E+01
2.41E+01
p [psi]
5,000.00
4,957.43
4,941.38
4,926.60
4,912.28
4,897.89
4,883.12
4,867.75
4,851.55
4,834.40
4,815.98
4,796.29
4,775.11
4,752.31
4,727.67
4,700.91
4,672.03
4,640.79
4,606.86
4,570.07
4,530.11
4,486.84
4,439.87
4,389.05
4,333.97
4,274.38
4,209.65
4,139.93
4,064.61
3,983.13
3,895.77
3,801.71
3,700.74
3,592.52
tDxf
n/a
4.86E-05
1.07E-04
1.77E-04
2.61E-04
3.62E-04
4.83E-04
6.28E-04
8.03E-04
1.01E-03
1.26E-03
1.56E-03
1.92E-03
2.36E-03
2.88E-03
3.50E-03
4.25E-03
5.15E-03
6.23E-03
7.52E-03
9.08E-03
1.09E-02
1.32E-02
1.59E-02
1.91E-02
2.29E-02
2.76E-02
3.32E-02
3.98E-02
4.79E-02
5.75E-02
6.90E-02
8.28E-02
9.95E-02
pD
n/a
3.02E-02
4.15E-02
5.20E-02
6.21E-02
7.23E-02
8.28E-02
9.37E-02
1.05E-01
1.17E-01
1.30E-01
1.44E-01
1.59E-01
1.75E-01
1.93E-01
2.12E-01
2.32E-01
2.54E-01
2.78E-01
3.04E-01
3.33E-01
3.63E-01
3.97E-01
4.33E-01
4.72E-01
5.14E-01
5.60E-01
6.09E-01
6.62E-01
7.20E-01
7.82E-01
8.49E-01
9.20E-01
9.97E-01
t [days]
2.90E+01
3.48E+01
4.18E+01
5.01E+01
6.01E+01
7.21E+01
8.66E+01
1.04E+02
1.25E+02
1.50E+02
1.80E+02
2.16E+02
2.60E+02
3.12E+02
3.74E+02
4.49E+02
5.38E+02
6.46E+02
7.75E+02
7.91E+02
8.10E+02
8.13E+02
8.17E+02
8.23E+02
8.24E+02
8.25E+02
8.27E+02
8.30E+02
8.30E+02
8.31E+02
8.32E+02
8.32E+02
8.32E+02
p [psi]
3,476.51
3,352.52
3,220.49
3,080.39
2,932.67
2,776.96
2,612.36
2,440.07
2,260.05
2,072.51
1,878.02
1,676.82
1,469.32
1,255.68
1,036.80
812.67
583.76
350.13
113.66
85.84
51.92
46.64
40.07
29.88
28.29
26.31
23.22
18.41
17.65
16.72
15.25
15.02
14.74
tDxf
1.19E-01
1.43E-01
1.72E-01
2.06E-01
2.48E-01
2.97E-01
3.57E-01
4.29E-01
5.15E-01
6.18E-01
7.42E-01
8.91E-01
1.07E+00
1.28E+00
1.54E+00
1.85E+00
2.22E+00
2.66E+00
3.19E+00
3.26E+00
3.34E+00
3.35E+00
3.37E+00
3.39E+00
3.39E+00
3.40E+00
3.41E+00
3.42E+00
3.42E+00
3.42E+00
3.43E+00
3.43E+00
3.43E+00
pD
1.08E+00
1.17E+00
1.26E+00
1.36E+00
1.46E+00
1.57E+00
1.69E+00
1.81E+00
1.94E+00
2.07E+00
2.21E+00
2.35E+00
2.50E+00
2.65E+00
2.81E+00
2.97E+00
3.13E+00
3.29E+00
3.46E+00
3.48E+00
3.50E+00
3.51E+00
3.51E+00
3.52E+00
3.52E+00
3.52E+00
3.52E+00
3.53E+00
3.53E+00
3.53E+00
3.53E+00
3.53E+00
3.53E+00
169
APPENDIX
170
10

FCD=1
0.1
FCD
xf
y
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant flow rate for and FCD=1 Line source Vertical well
10

FCD=5
0.1
FCD
xf
y
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant flow rate and FCD=5 Line source Vertical well
171
10

FCD=10
FCD
xf
y
0.1
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
10

FCD=25
0.1
FCD
xf
y
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
172
10

FCD=100
0.1
FCD
xf
y
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant flow rate for and FCD=100 Line source Vertical well
10

FCD=500
0.1
FCD
xf
y
5
10
0.028
4.0
25
0.01
100
16.0
63.8
500
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
10

FCD=1
1

xf
y
FCD
1
0.1
5
10
25
100
0.028
4.0
16
500
63.8
0.01
128
255
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01

For Two Fracture System 2/qDtfs
173
1.00E+00
interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1 Line source Vertical well
100
FCD=1
10

xf
y
0.028
4.0
0.1
16
63.8
255
0.01
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00

fracture face interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1 Line source
Vertical well
10

FCD=5

xf
y
FCD
0.1
1
5
10
0.028
25
16.0
4.0
63.8
0.01 100
128
500
255
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01

For Two Fracture System 2/qDtfs
174
1.00E+00
100
FCD=5
10

xf
y
0.028
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00

Vertical well
10

FCD=10

xf
y
FCD
0.1
1
5
10
0.028
25
16.0
4.0
63.8
0.01 100
128
255
500
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01

For Two Fractures System 2/qDtfs
175
1.00E+00
100
FCD=10
10

xf
y
1
0.028
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00

Vertical well
10

FCD=25
1

xf
y
FCD
0.1
1
5
10
0.028
25
16.0
4.0
63.8
0.01 100
128
255
500
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01

176
1.00E+00
100
FCD=25
10

xf
y
0.028
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Vertical well
177

Reciprocal Dimensionless Flow Rate for

Two Fracture System 2/qDtfs
10
FCD=100
1

xf
y
FCD
0.1
0.028
5
10
4.0
16.0
25
0.01
63.8
100
128
255
500
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
1000
100
10
FCD=100

xf
y
0.1
0.000001
0.028
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
128
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Vertical well
10

FCD=500

xf
y
FCD
0.1
1
5
10
0.028
25
16.0
4.0
63.8
0.01 100
255
128
500
0.001
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01

178
1.00E+00
1000
FCD=500
100
10

xf
y
0.028
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Vertical well
179
10

1
FCD=1
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant rate case and FCD=1 Point source Horizontal well
10

1
FCD=5
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
180
10

1
FCD=10
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
10

1
FCD=25
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
181
10

1
FCD=100
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
10

1
FCD=500
FCD
1
0.1
xf
y
5
10
4.0
25
0.01
16.0
100
63.8
500
0.001
0.000001
255
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
182


10
FCD=1
1
FCD
1
0.1
5
10
xf
y
25
0.01
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
128
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant pressure case and FCD=1 Point source Horizontal well
10
FCD=1

xf
y
4.0
16
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Horizontal well
183


10
FCD=5
1
FCD
1
0.1
0.01
5
10
xf
y
25
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
128
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant pressure case and FCD=5 Point source Horizontal well
100
FCD=5
10

xf
y
1
4.0
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Horizontal well
184


10
FCD=10
1
FCD
1
0.1
5
10
xf
y
25
0.01
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
128
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
interference for constant pressure case and FCD=10 Point source Horizontal
well
100
FCD=10
10
xf
y
4.0
1
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Horizontal well
185


10
FCD=25
1
FCD
1
0.1
5
10
xf
y
25
0.01
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
128
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
well
100
FCD=25
10
xf
y
4.0
1
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Horizontal well
186


10
FCD=100
1
FCD
1
0.1
0.01
5
10
xf
y
25
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
128
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
well
100
FCD=100
10

xf
y
4.0
16.0
1
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Horizontal well
187


10
FCD=500
1
FCD
1
0.1
5
10
xf
y
25
0.01
4.0
100
16.0
63.8
500
128
255
0.001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
well
1000
FCD=500
100
10

xf
y
4.0
1
16.0
63.8
255
0.1
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
Horizontal well
188
APPENDIX
189
Nomenclature
pi
- initial formation pressure [psi]
BHFP
- bottom hole flowing pressure [psi]
- formation compressibility [psi-1]
cf,w, o, g
- fluid compressibility water, oil, gas respectively [psi-1]
ct
- total system compressibility [psi-1]
- fluid viscosity [cp]
- fluid FVF [RB/stb]
- depth [ft]
qD
- dimensionless flow rate
pD
- dimensionless pressure
tDxf
- dimensionless time in function of the fracture half-length
qD1
- dimensionless flow rate for well 1
qD2
- dimensionless flow rate for well 2
qDtfs
- dimensionless flow rate for two fracture system
- formation temperature [oR]
ppi
- initial pseudopressure
ppwf
- bottom hole pseudopressure
Cf
- fracture flow capacity
kf
- fracture permeability [md]
kfe
- equivalent fracture permeability [md]
190
- fracture width [ft]
we
-equivalent fracture width [ft]
- formation flow capacity
- formation permeability [md]
- formation net pay thickness [ft]
xf
- fracture half-length [ft]
rw
- wellbore radius [ft]
- skin [-]
FCD
- dimensionless fracture conductivity [-]
- formation porosity [%]
- fracture porosity [%]
fe
- equivalent fracture porosity [%]
qp,j
- volumetric flow rate of phase p in connection j
Twj
- connection transmissibility factor
Mp,j
- phase mobility at the connection
Pj
- nodal pressure in the grid block containing the connection
Hwj
- well bore pressure head
- unit conversion factor (0.001127 in field units)
- the segment angle connecting with the well (2) for the well located in
the center of the grid block
Kh
- effective permeability times net thickness of the connection.
ro
- pressure equivalent radius of the grid block
Dx, Dy
- the x- and y- dimensions of the grid block
191
Kx, Ky
- x- and y- direction permeabilities
- production time [days]

Lale - Thesis Fracture Face Interference of Finite Conductivity Fractured Wells Using Numerical Simulation

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Lale - Thesis Fracture Face Interference of Finite Conductivity Fractured Wells Using Numerical Simulation

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UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA

FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE OF FINITE CONDUCTIVITY FRACTURED

FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE OF FINITE CONDUCTIVITY FRACTURED

A THESIS APROVED FOR THE

Copyright by SVJETLANA LALE 2008

Table of Content ...

List of Tables xvi

From Conventional to Unconventional Reservoirs .

Tight Gas Reservoirs ...

Shale Gas Reservoirs .......

Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation ....

Fractures Types ...

Fracture Flow Regimes ...

Problem Statement ......

Thesis Organization ....

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND TYPE CURVES .

Agarwal Finite Conductivity Type Curves ....

Bennett Finite Conductivity Type Curves .

3. NUMERICAL MODELING VERTICAL WELL ...

Steps For Type Curve Development .... 23

Numerical Model ......... 23

Reservoir Discretization Into The Blocks ..

Data Input of Fluid and Reservoir Properties ....

Other Data Included in Numerical Model ..

Time Steps ......

Verification of Numerical Model .... 36

Constant Flow Rate Case ....

Constant Pressure Case ...

NUMERICAL MODELING POINT SOURCE

Numerical Modeling Methodology... 44

Numerical Model ..... 44

4.2.2. Constant Pressure Rate Case for Point Source

5. FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE FOR VERTICAL WELL ..

5.1. Fracture Face Interference Definition ...

5.2. Vertical Well Numerical Model ........

5.3. Constant Flow Rate Case ...... 58

6. FRACTURE FACE INTERFERENCE FOR POINT SOURCE

6.1. Point Source (Horizontal Well) Numerical Model

6.2. Constant Flow Rate Case ......

6.3. Constant Pressure Case .....

6.4. McAlister Well Data .

7. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH RESULTS .

7.1. Constant Flow Rate Case ........

7.2. Constant Pressure Case ...

7.3. Sensitivity Analysis of Change of Fracture Half-Length .......

7.4. Sensitivity Analysis of Change of Number of Grid Blocks

8. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .....

8.2. Recommendations for Future Work

Appendix A4 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case and

Appendix A5 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255

Appendix A6 Data File For FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case, xf/y=128

Appendix A7 Data File for FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255

Appendix A8 Data File for FCD=100, Constant Pressure Case, xf/y=255

Appendix A9 Data File for FCD=100, Constant Rate Case, xf/y=255

Table 1 FCD=1 Results of Numerical Simulation and

Table 4 - FCD=25 Results of Numerical Simulation and

Table 5 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and

Table 6 FCD=500 Results of Numerical Simulation and

Table 7 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,

Table 8 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,

Table 9 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,

Table 10 Production Data and Dimensionless Time

Table 11 FCD=100 Results of Numerical Simulation and Dimensionless Time,