Boilers

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Introduction Type of boilers Assessment of boiler

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Introduction What is a Boiler?

Vessel that heats water to become hot water or steam At atmospheric pressure water volume increases 1,600 times Hot water or steam used to transfer heat to a process
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Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Boiler
Introduction Type of boilers Assessment of a boiler

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Types of Boilers What Type of Boilers Are There?

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

1.Flammable boiler 2.Inflammable boiler

Flammable boiler
Theboilerisindustrialboiler,whichis basedoncoal,heavyoil,lightoil orflammablegasasfuel,steamwater.

Inflammable Boilers
Theboilersinwhichtheprocessof combustion ofinflammablematerials producingheat.

Type of Boilers 1. Fire Tube Boiler

Relatively small steam capacities (12,000 kg/hour) Low to medium steam pressures (18 kg/cm2) Operates with oil, gas or solid fuels

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Type of Boilers Water Tube Boiler

Used for high steam demand and pressure requirements Capacity range of 4,500 120,000 kg/hour Combustion efficiency enhanced by induced draft provisions Lower tolerance for water quality and needs water treatment plant 9

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Training Agenda: Boiler

Introduction Type of boilers Assessment of a boiler

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

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Assessment of a Boiler 1. Boiler performance

Causes of poor boiler performance
-Poor combustion -Heat transfer surface fouling -Poor operation and maintenance

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Heat balance: identify heat losses Boiler efficiency: determine deviation from best efficiency
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Assessment of a Boiler Heat Balance

An energy flow diagram describes geographically how energy is transformed from fuel into useful energy, heat and losses
Stochiometric Excess Air Un burnt

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Stack Gas

FUEL INPUT

STEAM OUTPUT

Convection & Radiation

Blow Down

Ash and Un-burnt parts of Fuel in Ash

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Assessment of a Boiler Boiler Efficiency: Direct Method

Heat Input Heat Output

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Boiler efficiency () =

x 100

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Assessment of a Boiler 3. Boiler Feed Water Treatment

Quality of steam depend on water treatment to control
Steam purity Deposits Corrosion

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Efficient heat transfer only if boiler water is free from deposit-forming solids
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Assessment of a Boiler Boiler Feed Water Treatment

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers
Deposit control To avoid efficiency losses and reduced heat transfer Hardness salts of calcium and magnesium
Alkaline hardness: removed by boiling Non-alkaline: difficult to remove

Silica forms hard silica scales

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Assessment of a Boiler Boiler Feed Water Treatment

Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

Chemicals added to boiler to prevent scale Different chemicals for different water type
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Boilers

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Thermal Equipment/ Boilers

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