Status Paper On Road Safety 2009, Malaysia

STATUS PAPER ON ROAD SAFETY (2009) MALAYSIA

1. National Statistical Trend In Road Accident Road fatalities, serious injuries, road accidents (source: Royal Malaysian Police) For latest accident data records (2009; refer Table A), a casualty (refer Table B) for traffic accident (Royal Malaysia Police) includes 6,218 fatalities; 6,978 serious injured and 12,072 light injuries. Total registered vehicle in the same year estimated at 19,020,000 vehicles whereas total Malaysian population (Statistical Department) at about 28,310,000 people. Findings: Death rates (Refer Table C) i) per 100,000 people = 23.83 ii) Per 10,000 vehicles = 3.55 Pedestrian deaths rate (per 100,000 people & per 10,000 vehicles) (source: Royal Malaysian Police) For latest accident data records (2009), a casualty for pedestrian (Royal Malaysia Police) includes 593 fatalities, 613 serious injured and 1,171 light injuries. Total registered vehicle in the same year estimated at 19,020,000 vehicles whereas total Malaysian population (Statistical Department) at about 28,310,000 peoples. Findings: Pedestrian death rates (Refer Table D) i) Pedestrian death per 100,000 people = 0.31 ii) Pedestrian death per 10,000 vehicles = 2.09 Motorcycle deaths (per number of motorcycles) Based on 2009 data, total number motorcycles are 8,940,230 and 113,962 involved in accidents. About 4,070 deaths (include motorcyclist and pillion rider) recorded. Estimated motorcycle deaths per number of motorcycles involved is 2196. Road accident deaths of children less than 5 years Based on 2009 accident data recorded, total numbers of casualties for children less than 5 years are 107includes 32 deaths, 24 serious injuries and 51 minor injuries have been recorded. Fleet safety records of public or private organisation (deaths/100,000 km) No record / unavailable data at this moment

2. Current National Government policy for Road Safety Currently Malaysians strategies to reduce disabilities from injuries and accident are accident reduction and prevention; and injury reduction. Accident reduction and prevention involves the application of Three Es: education, engineering and enforcement whereas injury reduction involves the application of appropriate safety policies, vehicle and road engineering approaches, and medical and trauma management. Government have provide nationwide road safety targets by 2010 as follows: o 10 deaths per 100,000 population o 2 deaths per 10,000 registered vehicles o 10 deaths per billion vehicle kilometres travelled Furthermore, under Ministry of Transportation of Malaysia, a Road Safety Plan 2006-2010 have been drafted and agreed by the Government to provide guidelines and initiatives for road safety in Malaysia by providing 9 road safety strategies.

Status Paper On Road Safety 2009, Malaysia

3. National Road Safety Indicators Road users Motorcycle daytime head lights campaign (Radin Umar Radin Suhadi. Critical Review of Road Safety in Malaysia. Volume 7, No 1, the Proceeding of the Chartered Institute of Transport in the UK. March 1998) was launched nationwide on July1992 to study the impact of running daytime headlight for motorcyclist to improve the conspicuity of motorcycles. September1992, regulation of compulsory use of headlight was imposed on all motorcyclists. Radin revealed that running daytime headlight reduced conspicuity related motorcycle accident by 29%.

Road Safety Education in Schools: Under Initiative Programmes 2004/2005 (National Road Safety Council, National Road Safety Council Report 2004/2005, 45th Annual General Meeting, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Disember 2005) by Road Safety Council, Ministry of Transport, pilot study on Road Safety Education has undergone in 2005 in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. The purpose of this study is to increase awareness of road safety for school children (mainly in primary school 1, 2 and 3) by providing road safety curriculum (in Malay and English language). Because of positive reaction received, the program maybe extended to all primary school of 1, 2 and 3 in 2006. Usage of helmet, seat belt, child restraints: usage of helmet and seatbelts (front and back) is mandatory in Malaysian Law while the usage for child seatbelt is currently is not a mandatory. Usage of helmet for every motorcycle users (rider & pillion) is a mandatory and provided as a regulation in Road Traffic Act 1987 [clause???]. Whereas for usage of frontal seatbelt written in the same act. Violation of the seat belt law is a compoundable offence with a maximum confine of RM300 (1US$= RM3.80). One study done by Road Safety Research Centre, Univesiti Putra Malaysia (Kulanthayan S., Raha A.R., Law T.H. And Radin Umar R.S. Seat Belt Use Among Car Users In Malaysia. Road Safety Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 2003) shows that the seating position, driving location, education level, enforcement activity, attitude to speeding and night-time driving are the contributing factors that influence the compliance behaviour to seat belt use in Malaysia.When the compulsory helmet law was earlier enforced, 30% reduction in motorcycle fatalities was reported Supramaniam (Supramaniam, V, Belle, V, and Sung, J, Fatal Motorcycle Accidents and Helmet Laws in Peninsular Malaysia, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 16, No, 3, 1984).

Roads The Road Planning Division represents Ministry of Works (MOW) on the Executive Board of the Road Safety Council. This division is responsible for construction and maintenance of roads and associated facilities, such as motorcycle lanes, pedestrian crossings, and others, through its three main agencies: Highway Planning Unit, Malaysia Highway Authority, and Public Works Department. Highway Planning Unit. MOWs Highway Planning Unit assists in identifying the countrys black spot locations. This information is then used by PWD to carry out black spot treatment. Malaysia Highway Authority. The Malaysia Highway Authority is an agency under MOW that deals only with toll road highways. Its main contribution is monitoring highway safety.

Status Paper On Road Safety 2009, Malaysia

Public Works Department. PWD, which is also under MOW, is represented on the Executive Board by its Unit of Road Design (Road Safety). PWD carries out black spot treatment and road safety audits in the country. Planning/design of roads (especially Federal Road) is under provision of Ministry of Works, Malaysia. A numbers of road safety programs were initiated under the MOW to include road safety audit program, motorcycle lane program, hazardous locations improvement and road safety program and low cost countermeasure. Road safety program was initiated by Public Works Department involving auditing works on unsafe road safety elements and then try to improve and elevate the safety by removing the elements as earliest as road planning stage. During earlier stage, priority of road safety program only to Federal Road. In review of the increase of road accident on other type of road (namely State road and Municipal Road) in 2004, Cabinet Committee on Road Safety has agreed that scope of road safety program should be widened to all road types. Motorcycle lane program was earlier initiated by Highway Planning Unit because of close to 57% of road accident involved motorcycle. In review of the current accident condition, then in 2000, the Government has agreed to construct 15 motorcycle lanes in Peninsular Malaysia. Until now, this program still undergoing and being monitored and implemented by PWD. Hazardous locations improvement implemented to raised the safety of Malaysian road especially Federal Roads. The remedial measured was carried out by PWD and in the year of 2010 expenditure to MYR15 was spent to treat 30 black spot areas. Low cost countermeasure was introduced because of the need of urgency in improving localised accident location especially during festive season whereby during these times, a drastic increase of road accident have occurred. Engineering approaches taken are as follows i) Accident prevention (pro-active action); ii) Accident reduction (re-active action); iii) road maintenance; and iv) construct new road. Measure taken are combination of works such as putting up new road signage, road stud, road line painting, transverse bars, hump and etc.

Vehicles
Total Motor Vehicles by Type, Malaysia, 2009

Types

Motor cycles 8,940,230

Cars

Bus

Taxi

Hired Car

Goods Transport 936,222

Others

Total

Total

8,506,080

66,581

79,149

16,579

471,941

19,020,000

Source : Road Transport Department

In review of current practice of vehicle regulation in Malaysia, Road Transport Department of Ministry of Transportation has a say on that particular area. In practice of vehicle maintenance, all goods vehicle should comply with periodic maintenance and sent to PUSPAKOM for inspections. Furthermore, SIRIM has provided some indicator for safety requirement in new vehicles. Nevertheless, local automotive manufacture also realise the important of such safety mandatory regulation been provided for their exported car as the need to comply with the car safety regulation of the exported country.

Status Paper On Road Safety 2009, Malaysia

System & operation For the purpose of accident data, Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) has provided the valuable data to required agencies by recording accident data in Revised Accident Form POL 27 (Pin 1/91). Since the requirement of recording an accident fully implemented on 1992, Highway Planning Unit (HPU), Ministry of Works Malaysia, work as one of the agency utilising those data to be insert to Accident Database. Ministry of Works developed Road Accident Management Systems (RAMS) to identified black spot locations based on accident data provided by Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM). By using RAMS time taken to identify black spot is reduced from 18 months to 1 month only and immediate actions could be taken to remedy the black spots. Using the accident database, hazardous accident location can be identified and further remedial action can be taken to improve the safety of the identified location. As yearly practice and MS ISO requirement, a list of hazardous location will be provided to Road Branch, PWD for improvement.

4. Asian Highway road safety status & trends Asian Highway network in Malaysia includes Table A: Yearly Comparison of Traffic Accident (2005-2009)

Accident Fatal Serious Injury Damage Only Total

2005 5,623 7,600

2006 5,719 7,373 15,596

2007
5,672

2008
5,974

2009

6,218 6,978 12,072

7384 13979

7,019 12,893

Light Injury 25,905

289,136 312,564 336,284 347,185 372,062 328,264 341,252 363,319 373,071 397,330

Table B: Yearly Comparison of Traffic Injuries (2005-2009)

Injuries Fatal Serious Injury Light Injury Total

2005 6,200 9,395 37,417 53012

2006 6,287 9,253 19,885 35,425

2007 6,282 9,273 18,444 27,645

2008

2009

6,527 8,868

6,745 8,849

16,879 15,823 32,274 31,417

Status Paper On Road Safety 2009, Malaysia

Table C: Death Rate per 10,000 vehicles and per 100,000 people (2005-2009)

2005 Total Vehicle* Population ** death/ vehicles death/ people 10,000 100,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

14,816,407 15,790,732 16,825,150 17,733,084 19,020,000 26,130,000 26,640,000 27,173,600 27,728,700 28,310,000
4.18 23.73 3.98 23.60 3.73 23.12 3.68 23.54 3.55 23.83

Table D: Pedestrian Death Rate per 10,000 vehicles and per 100,000 peoples (2005 2009) User Pedestrian Injury Type Fatal Serious Injury Light Injury Total Vehicle* Registered 2005 601 747 2,175 2006 595 711 1493 2007 636 672 1430 2008 598 617 1184 2009 593 613 1,171

Total registered vehicles & total population 14,816,407 15,790,732 16,825,150 17,733,084 19,020,000 26,130,000 26,640,000 27,173,600 27,728,700 28,310,000
0.40 2.30 0.38 2.23 0.37 2.34 0.33 2.16

Population ** Pedestrian Deaths Rate death/ 10,000 vehicles death/ 100,000 people

0.31 2.09

Source: **Statistical Department; *Transport Department, MOT & Royal Malaysian Police