Effect Uncle Toms Cabin had on working class in Britain and France The working class sympathized with

Abolitionists and Slaves in North America. This made it difficult for the governments to support the South in the Civil War. Order of events: Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott, Harpers Ferry, Lincoln-Douglas Debates Kansas Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott, Lincoln Douglas Debates, Harpers Ferry. Bleeding Kansas- why did popular sovereignty not work? Even though some people just went looking for fortune, abolitionists sent a flow of people in hopes of making Kansas anti-slavery. Southerners quickly sent small groups of armed slave owners to the land, and a battle ensued. Dred Scott decision A small case regarding a black man on free soil claiming his own freedom. The supreme court used it in order to establish that states have no right to take a way the slaves slave owners as this would count as taking away property. This also meant that popular sovereignty was basically null. It also ruled that slaves arent citizens and cant sue in federal courts. It also determined that the compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. Lecompton Constitution A State constitution for Kansas written by proslaveryites. The constitution could only be voted on with slavery or without slavery. If voted w/o slavery, there would be a provision that protected the slave owners already residing in Kansas. This constitution was approved by President Buchanan, but unaccepted by Senator Douglas. Eventually, it boiled down to letting the people choose. Free-soilers voted against it, and it was dropped. It did however, create a large split in the democratic party. Freeport Doctrine Douglass statement to Lincolns question during the Lincoln Douglas debate. No matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. Laws to protect slavery would be passed by the state territories as per the peoples wishes. He basically stated a truth backed by history, that if the public opinion doesnt support a ruling of the government, the law would not be enforced. Souths reaction to Harpers Ferry It led southerners to believe that all northerners were crazy abolitionists bent on the brutal destruction of slavery. Increased tension between the two areas. Candidates and platforms of the 1860 election Douglas (northen Democrats)- popular Sovereignty, and support of the fugitive slave law. Breckinridge (southern Democrats)- Extension of slavery into territories, and annexation of cuba. Bell (Constitutional Union Party, aka Do Nothing party)- support the union staying together, support the constitution (down the middle) Lincoln (republican party)- Nonextension of slavery, protective tariff, no abridgement of

rights, pacific railroad, internal improvements (for the west) and free homesteads from public domain. Purpose of Union Party A moderate group whos main goal was saving the union and following the constitution. How did South react to Lincolns election South Carolina seceded, followed by other states. Lincolns opposition to the Crittenden Compromise The Crittenden Compromise banned slavery above the 30 60 line, federal protection for slavery below the line, and allowed the new states to chose whether they supported slavery or not. Lincoln rejected the compromise because he felt that it went against his platform (aforementioned). His refusal signaled no compromise would save the union at this point. Why Buchanan did nothing while many southern states seceded the Union? He didnt believe they could secede because the constitution didnt allow states to legally secede, and he couldnt find anything within the constitution that would legally allow him to forcibly stop them. Chapter 20 Why was Fort Sumter fired upon- how did it start the Civil War? Lincoln sent a naval force to reinforce Fort Sumter, and the South viewed it as an act of aggression. April 12, 1861, Carolinians shot at the fort. After 34 hours, they surrendered. This pissed off the north, and gave them an excuse to declare war. Why were Border States crucial to both sides? The south needed them, as they would double the manufacturing capacity of the south, and increase its size. If they joined the south, the north would be faced with a much more formidable foe, and lowered chances for victory, and likelier chances for loss. Participation of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Civil War- what side and why? The Five Civilized tribes sided with the South because they themselves owned slaves. Strengths and weaknesses of the South and the North South: Strengths- VERY strong generals, a reason to unite and fight, men more suited to fight based on lifestyle Weaknesses- Few railroads, weak navy, weak economy (very few factories), overall shortage of supplies, fewer men North: Strengths- Sheer manpower, Naval advantage, strong economy, railroads (easier transportation) much more supplies. Weaknesses- mediocre commanders (Lincoln normally commanded), men not as well prepared for life as a soldier, men didnt have a reason to rally behind. Union blockade- why did the British at first try not to break it? The British were importing grain (there was a shortage) from the north, and they were afraid of angering the Americans who held the cheapest and most abundant supply. Napoleon IIIs interference in Mexico

Napoleon tried to take advantage of the civil war to take over Mexico. He established an emperor down there. But after the Civil War ended, Seward (secretary of state) prepared to march south to Mexico, so Napoleon ditched. Jefferson Davis v. Lincoln- use of arbitrary powers during war-time Jefferson Davis wielded little arbitrary power due to his belief in states rights, and the states refusal to work together. Lincoln, proclaimed blockades, increased the size of the army, suspended habeas corpus, advanced $2 million to three private citizens for military purposes, arranged supervised voting in border states, and shut down several newspapers and arrested editors on the grounds of obstructing the war. Womens changing roles in society because of the Civil War Women took over the jobs of men during the war. Women joined the government, or joined the industrial world. They also contributed to the war, by disguising as soldiers to fight, spy missions, or as doctors/nurses. Trent affair The south sent over two diplomats to Britain. The north stopped the British ship, Trent, and stopped the two diplomats. The incident nearly created animosity between the north and Britain, but the issue was resolved once the prisoners were released, and ignored britains actions. No apologies were made, but the whole issue was dropped. Industrial boom in the North during the war- why and what industries flourished People took advantage of the need for goods, and produced shoddy work for expensive prices. Millionaires were born. Goods such as clothing, horses, guns, etc. Machines were created to do labor as well, like the sewing machine. Draft in North and South The South established the draft a year earlier than the north due to lesser number of fighters. They took anyone from ages 17-50. The north established the draft, but it favored the rich. They had the option of paying 300$ to have someone else go in their place. It also led to riots in the North.