F.4 C.I.T.

Data Processing
Data Processing Cycle
 Find the maximum, minimum and mean
height of each class in your school
 How will you carry out the task?
 Try to describe it step by step
Data Processing Cycle
 Find the maximum, minimum and mean height
of each class in your school
 Will
you carry out a survey? Interview?
Questionnaire?
 Data Collection
 What will you do then? Group the questionnaires by
class? Then sort?
 Data Preparation
 Input to the computer
 Data Input

 Analyzed by the computer

 Data Processing

 Produce the result

 Information Output
Data Processing Cycle

Data Information

Input Process Output

Information = Analyzed / Processed Data

= Data + Meaning
Data Processing Cycle
Data Information

Source
Document

Data Data Data Data Information

Collection Preparation Input Processing Output

• Questionnaire • Grouping • Checking • Analyzed results

• Interview • Sorting • Error report
• Research • Checking
• …… • ……
Processing Modes
 Batch processing vs Real-time processing
 Batch Processing
 Time lag between data collection and processing

Process
Processing Modes
 Batch processing vs Real-time processing
 Real-time Processing
 Data is being processed immediately when it is
collected

Process
Processing Mode
Batch Processing Real-time Processing
Properties Data are processed in batch Data is processed on-by-one
Time lag between data No or short delay between
collection and processing data collection and processing
Output may be outdated Output is up-to-date
Cheaper More expensive
Slower Very fast
Offline Online

Example Payrollsystem Ticketbooking system

School report printing Online game