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Oxford: A Guide To Referencing
Oxford: A Guide To Referencing
A GUIDE TO REFERENCING
HOW TO LIST SOURCES USED FOR ASSIGNMENTS
This guide provides examples of how sources are acknowledged in text and reference lists, using the guidelines set out by the Oxford system. Before you write your reference list or bibliography, check with your lecturer/tutor which style they prefer you to use It is important to be consistent All sources used in assignments, essays, reports and theses must be acknowledged REFERENCING IS NECESSARY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM, TO VERIFY QUOTATIONS, AND TO ENABLE READERS TO IDENTIFY AND CONSULT ANY ITEM TO FOLLOW-UP A CITED AUTHOR'S ARGUMENTS
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A. Giddens, Politics, sociology and social theory: encounters with classical and contemporary thought, (Cambridge: Polity Press) 1995, p.37. J. Hughson, Is the carnival over? Soccer support and hooliganism in Australia in Sport and Leisure: Critical Perspectives, eds. G. Lawrence & D. Rowe, (Sydney: Hodder Education), 1998, p. 170.
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Once an item has been cited, there are abbreviations to use to refer to the item if citing it again see Examples of footnote shortcuts on page 4. References are normally listed in numerical order at the end of a chapter or paper. However, they may also be listed the same as a Bibliography in alphabetical order by the author's family name at the end of the paper.
C:\Documents and Settings\staff\Desktop\oxford.doc Created on 23 May 2007 Last Updated: 31 May 2007
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Footnote for an article in an online database: Author/s Initial & Family Name, 'Article Title', Journal Title, Volume & Issue details (Issues Date), page number/s, date accessed, name of database. S. Cannella & F. Lidz, Fever pitch, Sports Illustrated, vol. 102, no. 22, (2005), p. 18, retrieved May 29 2007, Academic Search Premier database.
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Always provide a full citation the first time you refer to a source in 1. J. Smith, We're Livin', Cambridge a footnote. University Press, 1992, page 186. If the very next reference is to a different page in the same source, use the ibid. shortcut. To refer to a work cited in a previous footnote that isn't immediately preceding, use the op. cit. shortcut. To refer to the same page of a work cited in a previous footnote, use the loc. cit. shortcut. 2. ibid., page 107. 3. Smith, op. cit., page 255. 4. Smith, loc. cit.
Remember: you can't use ibid. unless it's immediately below a full citation. Whenever you can't use ibid., it's usually best to use the author's name followed by op. cit. and the page number.
C:\Documents and Settings\staff\Desktop\oxford.doc Created on 23 May 2007 Last Updated: 31 May 2007
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