Than Ooh Too Journal Aug 2011

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Address of KNU President Saw Tamla Baw on 61st Anniversary of Martyrs Day
KNU Statement on SPDC Parliament & Government
KNU Statement on Baseless Accusation by SPDC and Call for Nationwide Ceasefire
KNU Statement on New Military Government & Concerns of Ethnic Nationalities
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August 2011
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OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEADQUARTERS

KAREN NATIONAL UNION
KAWTHOOLEI
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August 2011
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
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August 2011
oElxl
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e>O rh>fwkRCDRzJ vgtDul; (12) oDtHRe>O
cd.fe>fod.f'lv> t[h.fwh>fvH to;orlv>
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oh.feD.fxD.f'D; rRvRuyDRuhRtDR rk>feHRw
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10
August 2011
9389 eH.f zsdxD.f0J tywD>f 5 e>OvDR$

eD>fzDzD tvJRxD.fw>frRvd q>uwD>ftJ.f
b.fvdmfo;'D;ok;cd.fzdw*R zJ o0c [D.f
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'd.f'd.ftgtg b.fq.f rh>fv>eD>fzDzD w>frR
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ud;v> ySRw>fy>>fq>zde>OvDR$ t0J[HuhR
[He>fuhR rl'gv> ok;uh[D.fu0DRylR w
,Hmfb.f'D;Ckx>xD.f'D; to;orl wHR
oud;v> ok;cd.fpDR'g'ge>OvDR$ t0Joh.f
cH*RtHR tJ.fvdmfto; 'd.f'd.ftgtg b.f
q.f w'd;wh'd; zsDto;'fb.fe>OvDR$ eD>fzD
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ok;cd.fpDR'g'g wJq>'.ftDRv> rRw>fy>>f
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pDR'g'g EkmfvDRrRw>fy>>fq>zJ 1986 eH.f
'D; wbsDCDb.fzJ uD>folvhRtd;xD.f ok;
cd.fw>frRvd tqduw>>fwbsD'D; pDR'g'g

vJRxD.f ok;cd.fw>frRvd wbsDCDe>OvDR$
pDR'g'guFdzdeD.f*H>f rh>f0J (08) 'D; pH.fvDR
w>frRvdzJ 1987 eHR zsdxD.f0JtywD>f 2
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[JuhRvDRql ok;uh[D.fu0DRylR'D; vJRw>f
rJmfng xDbde>OvDR$
eD>fzDzDvJRxD.fw>frRvd0HR [JuhR
vDRwkR ok;uh[D.fu0DRylR w,Hmfb.f'D;
vDRb.frl'gv> ok;uh0JR'>; w>fqg[H.f
e>OvDR$ zJt0J[JvDRb.f rl'gv> ok;uh0JR
'>;w>fqg[H.f q>uwD>f 'ft0Jrh>f ySRnD
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td.ftgxD.f0J uG>fuG>f'D; zJxH.fvdmfo; w
bsDv>fv>f ChzsD0Jto;e>OvDR$ ok;cd.fpDR
'g'gwcD rh>fv>b.fvJRw>frJmfng wbd
,l>fCD tCdu[JuhRzsDo;t*D>f wcsK;eD
wbsDb.fe>OvDR$ v>w>fwqdurd.fqdu
r;tylR w>frRto;owl>f uvmfv> ok;
cd.fpDR'g'gt*D>ftCd wpdRo;orltHRe>O
o;yhReD.f0J we>fv>Rb.f'D; b.ftd.fwh>f
uhR0Jv> w>frd.fw>fr;z;'d.ft ylRe>OvDR$
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y'h.fo;wz.f c;oHuHGmf0J'f q.fzduD>fzd
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yxHzduD>fzdwz.f uymf0Jtvk>ftyhSReDw
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tJ.fb.fvdmfo; 'd.f0Jtg0JtylR w>frRo;
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t0Jwymfp>fvDRto;b.f trJmfng'f trl
t'gtd.f'H;v> 'k.f'gtHRyub.f'k;ysDuGHmf
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usJ;p>;rRqgtDR qge>f'H; ttHRwuh>f
vDR$ ok;cd.fpDR'g'g rl'gvDRb.ftDRtod;
rRv>ySJR0Jb.fq.f w>frRo;v>t*D>ftHR
xDbdtd.foh.feD.fuhR0J 'D;o;yhReD.f0J we>f
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usdR td;xD.fuoH.fw>frRvd q>uwD>f t
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tCd yok;uh [D.fu0DRylR yymf*>>fymfus>R
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yeIeU:
August 2011
11
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&dRrh>f*hR wtd.f'D; w>f&J.fw>fusJR 'dol.f'd
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vDR$ y'd.fv> tuG>fw>fv> xHzduD>fzd t
zDcd.fe>Otd.f'D; w>fymfvDRusdmfph w>f&J.fw>f
usJRvDRqD'.fw>fv> w>ful.fb.ful.foh
'D; w>ftd.fql.ftd.fchst*D>fe>O 'ftvD>ftd.f0J
tod; v>w>frRp>R xHzduD>fzd tw>ftd.f
rlw>fvJRxD.f vJRxDt*D>fe>OvDR$ yrh>fuG>f
uD>fy,DRtHRe>O uD>f'Dbh.fusd.fph w>f[JEkmf
e>O 'fy'd.ftoDwzk tw>fymfzsgtzDcd.f
v>w>ful.fb.ful.foht*D>f ymfyeD.f0J (4=
13) rs;u,R'D; w>ftd.fql.ftd.fchs t*D>f
wcD xJ'.f (1=3) rs;u,Re>OvDR$
zJvgr;&S.f 30 oD 2011 eH.f oh
ph.f xD.fuD>fcd.f'D; uwdRvDRw>fzJ r.fvH.f
tylRe>O td.fzsg0J &SJ&SJv> w>ftug'd.f u
w>>fv> urR0J'.fe>O rh>f'.fw>f'k;ql.fxD.f
ok;rk>f'd.fe>OvDR$ v>w>f'Do'> xHuD>f
t*D>fe>O b.ftd.f'D; ok;rk>f'd.fwzkv> t
vlRxD.f [D.fcd.f'Dbh.f tywD>fe>O w>fb.f
rRtDRe>OvDR$ w>fynd.frh>f'fod; u'Do'>
txHuD>fv> utd.fb.f'fv> tylRuGHmf
td.f'D; pDRvd.fpdRyR/ El>f{dRpdR{dRwz.f 'fv>
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uD>foEl wkRCDRtcgb.fe>OvDR$ t0JtHRrh>f
ohph>ftw>fynd.f v>w>frRql.fxD.f ok;
rk>f'd.ft*D>e>OvDR$
w>fv>yb.fqdurd.fwcD ySR
v>ttd.f'D; tvd.fyR/ tEl>ftpD>fe>O rh>f'.f
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t*Rwz.fv>td.f'D; tpDRyR pD.fbGg wz.f
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od;u'k;zsd;uGHmfu'D; uvkmf'l.fv> t*JR
12
August 2011
vdmfv> tcGJ;t,mf'D; w>fpH.fnD.f y>vDR

o;t*D>f y0Joh.fwz.ftHR'D; uol.fxD.fu
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td.fxD.f'D; *>>fus>Rt*D>fe>OvDR$ rh>fw>ft
ug'd.fv> yuvkmf'l.fwz.f ub.fymf
ol.fymfo;e>OvDR$ v>w>fol.fxD.f ok;rk>f
'd.ft*D>ftd.f'D; w>fbs>v>ySR to;td.f
18 eH.f qltzDcd.fwz.f ub.fEkmfvDR ok;
ud;*R'J; ydmfrk.fydmfcGg cJv>mftCd rh>fuG>f
vdRvdRe>O ymfCkmf'D;uvkmf'l.fv> td.fv>
w>fy>zDvmfwz.fe>OvDR$ w>ftHRrh>fw>fv>
y}wDq>tDR'fod; y0Jv>trh>fuvkmf'l.f
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z.fe>OvDR$
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rk>f'd.fb.fxGJwz.f ySR'd.fusd.f'd.fph'D; ySRrR
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19
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21
oElxl
(NLD)'D;(UNLD)
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oElxl
August 2011
23
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
Address of KNU President Saw Tamla Baw on 61st Anniversary of Martyrs Day
August 12, 2011
Dear All the Karen National Union Leaders, Comrades and Karen People,
On this 61st Anniversary of Martyrs Day, while greeting the entire Karen nation, I would like to say
something as follows.
First, I would like to say that we, the Karen people, hold ceremony on Martyrs Day in order to
commemorate and honor the patriotism, faith and sacrifices made for the entire Karen people by martyrs
Saw Ba U Gyi, KNLA officers, comrades and common people, who have given up their lives. On our part,
we must be faithful to the martyrs, who have sacrificed their lives for the Karen people, and carry on their
belief and their undertaking to completion.
The second point is that though we have struggled for liberation from the oppressive rule of the
military dictatorships we have not reached our goal, up to this day. We are still within the process of national
liberation movement. Like martyr Saw Ba U Gyi, many leaders, comrades and common people have
sacrificed their lives. We must continue to walk on our path of revolutionary resistance, which is paved with
the blood and sweat of the martyrs.
Though we have to face various kinds of difficulty and oppression and in spite of the enemys
attempt to drive a wedge and sow division among us, the KNU is still standing firmly. This is because we
struggle on by upholding the aims, visions and convictions of our leaders, comrades and the Karen people
and by upholding the Four Principles of Saw Ba U Gyi as the four political principles in our revolutionary
movement.
The third point I would like to talk about is that though the military dictatorships transform into
different forms, they cling firmly on to chauvinism (master race ideology) and military power. As the
government elected in the 2010 elections governs according to the constitution written under the direction
of the military dictatorship, there is not a single benefit for the ethnic nationalities. The affairs of the ethnic
nationalities submitted for discussion in the parliament are not accepted. The government coming into
power does not have also the will to resolve the political problems of the country. For the breaking up the
revolutionary resistances of the Karen people and the ethnic nationalities, it is scheming to set up indirectly
businesses and development works in the lands of the ethnic nationalities.
For that reason, we the revolutionaries, and the Karen people, supporting the revolutionary
resistance, with revolutionary and political alertness and taking a lesson from the bitter experiences we have
gone through in the past, must counter together the enemys subversion and propaganda to break up the
revolution and all the activities that are harming the Karen people. Finally, in conclusion, I would like to
say, Do not harbor defeatism, but let us fight on, hand in hand and with unity, together with the fellow
ethnic nationality and the democratic forces, until we are able to establish a genuine democratic federal
union.
24
August 2011
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
KNU Statement on SPDC Parliament & Government

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
February 8 , 2011
In May 2008, the SPDC military dictatorship held a rigged referendum on the State Constitution
drafted by the National Convention stacked with its hand-picked delegates. The Constitution
gives 25% of the seats to the military representatives in all elected bodies and the important
ministries to the military men.
Again, on November 7, 2010, the SPDC held a thoroughly manipulated general election,
designed to give a landslide victory to its puppet party, USDA, after marginalizing the NLD,
the ethnic nationality parties and democracy activists in 20 years of brutal suppression through
unfair orders, laws and the use of violence and naked force.
The parliament convened by the SPDC now is nothing but a rubber-stamp parliament and the
government to be formed will be just a puppet under the total control of the dictatorship. The
majority of members of the government will be ex-military men in civilian clothes and this
new government will follow the same principles, policies and programs the military
dictatorship has followed.
The country will continue to be in poverty, instability and chaotic conditions, as the military
dictatorship and its cronies continue to loot the states coffer, the natural resources of the
country and perpetuate the oppressive rule. The dictatorship will continue to allocate more
and more of the state budget to its military apparatus for the elimination of the resistance
forces of the ethnic nationalities and control of the restive population, instead of resolving the
political problems politically, for national reconciliation, durable peace and stability.
In spite of years of urging by the international community, peace and justice loving countries
of the world, the military dictatorship continues to perpetuate its criminal ways of violence,
oppression, greed and aggression. The people of the country, the ethnic nationalities and the
international community are not deceived by the dictatorships attempt to hide behind its
rubber-stamp parliament and puppet government with a civilian faade.
For the reasons given above, we, the KNU, totally reject the military dictatorships parliament
and government that will be formed in the near future and denounce strongly the SPDC
military dictatorship attempt to perpetuate cunningly its oppressive rule.
At the same time, we call earnestly on the international community, peace and justice loving
countries of the world not to recognize the dictatorships parliament and upcoming government,
and to continue pressuring the SPDC military dictatorship to resolve the countrys problems
peacefully through dialogue with the democratic forces and the ethnic nationality forces, to
stop its war of aggression against the ethnic nationalities, particularly against the ethnic
civilians, and to release immediately and unconditionally the more than 2000 political
prisoners.
Supreme Headquarters
Karen National Union
August 2011
25
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
KNU Statement on Baseless Accusation by SPDC and Call for Nationwide Ceasefire
February 23, 2011
We, the Karen National Union (KNU), rejects totally the baseless accusation by the State
Peace and Development Council (SPDC), the military dictatorship of Burma, that the Karen
National Liberation Army (KNLA) troops fired heavy weapons at a lemon farm owned by U Zaw
Lay Htoo in Shwegyin Township, Bago Division, at about 9 am on 17 February, leaving four farm
workers dead and three wounded.
The SPDC further asserted that the KNU was undermining the peace of the State, and
committing destructive acts causing death and injury. The world knows well that it is the SPDC
policy to allow its troops to shoot and kill innocent civilians, burn villages and farms, torture
suspects, commit rape of women etc. in all the KNU areas. In urban areas, the SPDC imprisons
people asking for human rights and freedom, sell narcotic drugs freely and deliberately impoverish
the populations.
The latest accusation is just a smoke screen for the military dictatorship to build up an
offensive against the KNU and the KNLA, which is the armed wing of the KNU. Our troops have
few heavy weapons and unlike the SPDC, they never deliberately fire on civilian targets.
To help solve Burmas problem, we have repeatedly urged the Burmese regime to respond
to calls by the United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, European
Union, United States of America and others, to engage in genuine tripartite dialogue with the
opposition forces, for positive change. However, the regime refuses and instead continues to target
our civilian populations for military attack.
We, the KNU together with the other ethnic nationality forces, are ready for dialogue in
order to resolve Burmas political problems through political means. We call upon the international
community, and peace and justice loving countries around the world to support actively the United
Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to secure a nationwide ceasefire, leading to meaningful
and inclusive dialogue to achieve national reconciliation and a return to democracy and normalcy
in our country.
26
August 2011
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KAWTHOOLEI
KNU Statement on New Military Government & Concerns of Ethnic Nationalities

April 4, 2011
With the 2008 Constitution in hand, which is devoid of any guarantee for the rights of the
ethnic nationalities, and after stage-managing freely the 2010 elections, which did not allow for
free expression of the voters, the SPDC military dictatorship cast its military uniform and set up
itself as a new government, with a civilian faade. We do not believe that this new government,
under the control of the military leaders, will be able to undertake true democratic transition and
ethnic reconciliation necessary for peace and stability in the country.
Since the day the election was held, we have not seen any changes in the areas of the ethnic
nationalities. On the other hand, human rights violations, such as military offensives targeting the
civilian populations of the ethnic nationalities, forced labor, arbitrary arrest, detention and execution
of the innocents by troops of the military dictatorship, continue to exist. The increase of military
activities and human rights violations in some areas is clear evidence that there is no positive
change for the ethnic nationalities under the new government.
After the election, the dictatorship troops force the ethnic nationality civilian populations
daily to carry for them heavy loads of food ration and ammunition and clear landmines. The troops
commandeer trucks, motor cycles and bullock carts of the public and use them for transportation,
security and for clearing landmines. In addition, the arrest, torture and execution of the innocents
continue to occur.
Unlawful arrest, detention, torture, execution and forced labor of the innocent civilians and
the use of them as human shield in the frontline by the Burma army troops are continuing under
the rule of the new government. According to the international law, they are serious human rights
violations and crimes against humanity. They are a concern for us as the very security of life and
survivals of the ethnic nationalities are in question.
It is evident that the military dictatorship does not want change, even when the international
community, the ethnic nationalities and the great majority of the people of Burma are desirous of
positive change. We, the Karen National Union (KNU), call on the military dictatorship again to
institute nationwide ceasefire, as a first step, withdraw its forces from the ethnic nationality areas,
cease military actions targeting the civilian populations and start dialogue for the resolution of
political problems by political means. This demand is the first step for the realization of wishes of
the ethnic nationalities.
In closing, we earnestly call on the international communities, including the United Nations,
to urge the military government cogently to stop its troops from forcing the civilian populations of
the ethnic nationalities for manual labor, looting their properties and targeting the civilian population
for military attack, and to institute nationwide ceasefire and take steps for the emergence of
dialogue.
August 2011
27
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
etz ygvDrefESifh tpdk;&tay: autJef,l - u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;tHk; xkwfjyefaMujimcsuf
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3?
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28
azazmf0g&Dv (8)&uf 2011ckESpf

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pdk;&wdk@udk vHk;0qef@usif+yD;/ ppftm%m&Sif. zdESdyftkyfcsKyfr_ qufvufwnf&Sda&;twGuf aqmif&Gufaejcif;udk tjyif;
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u|Ekfyfwdk@ tav;teuf awmif;qdkyef=um;tyfygonf?
August 2011
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
etz ppftpdk;&opfESifh wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm;\ pdk;&drfylyefcsufrsm;tay:

autJef,l - u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;tHk; xkwfjyefcsuf
ae@pGJ - {+yD 4 &uf 2011 ckESpf
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August 2011
29
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
Armhwyfrawmfonf u&ifjynfolvlxkrsm;udk tumtuG,ftjzpf toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh ygwfouf

autJef,l - u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;tHk;\ xkwfjyefaMujimcsuf
ae@pJG - 2652011
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ygonf?
u&iftrsKd;om; tpnf;tHk;
A[dkXmecsKyf
30
August 2011
oElxl

KAWTHOOLEI
autJef,l - u&ifhtrsKd;om;tpnf;t&Hk;Ou|apmwmrvmabm
(61)Budrfajrmuf tmZmenfaeYoYdk ajymMum;aom rdefYcGef;
=o*kwfv 12&uf/ 2011 ckESpf?
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xrf;aqmif&rSm jzpfygw,f//
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t,ftwGuf aemufqkH;t}udrf ajc a&m raumif;uGufrsm;yg azmfjy rnfqkd
axmuf qGJcH&jcif;yif jzpfavonf?
onfrSm jzpfEkdifygrnfavm/ q&mxuf
acgif taejzifh a&;aum a&;&Jygrnfavm
(2)
[k ar;xm;onf? xkdaqmif;yg;wGif y'kd
vGwfvyfaom u&ifhorkdif; ok .pmyg t}uHycsufrsm;ukd wckcsif;pD jyef
awoetoif;rS 1996 ckESpfwGif xkwfa0 vnf &Sif;jy+yD; y'kd. ar;cGef; uav;ukd
aom EkdifiHopforkdif; avhvma&;pm vnf; &Jonf[lI usaemf ajzcJhonf?
apmif (6) Y orkdif;w&m;cH [laom
yk~Kdvfa&; tK`Wdonf xkd
aqmif;yg;wyk'f usaemfa&;cJhonf? au ol jzwfoef;vmcJh&aom acwfumv
tJef,l bdwfxm;0,fc\kdifrS y'kdwOD; a&; tajctae/ awG@}uHKqHkcJh&aom yk~Kdvf
om;ar;jref;vmaom tK`Wd pmay rsm;. trltusifhESifh vkyfukdifaqmif
rsm;tay: xm;&Sdtyfonfh oabmxm; &Gufr_rsm; tygt0if ywf0ef;usif tae
rsm;ESifh ywfoufI jyefvnf&Sif;vif; txm;ukdyg xif[yfay:vGif aponf
wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfonf? 1994 ckESpf jzpfI orkdif;ESifhvnf; ywfoufae ay
xkwf EkdifiHopf orkdif;avhvma&; pm onf? orkdif;a=umif; tK`Wdukd a&;
apmif (4) wGifyg&Sdaom orkdif;oufao om;&mwGif tcsKd@aom yk~dKvfwkd@. nHh
aqmif;yg; yg tcsuftvuf tcsKd@tay: zsif;r_rsm; tjypftem tqmrsm; vnf;
y'kdu pmjzifh a0zefaqG;aEG;vmI jzpf rvGJra&Smifomyg&Sd.? tjzpfrSef twkdif;
onf? y'kd .oabmxm; tjrifrsm;wGif ocFef;pm ,lEkdifp&m aqmif&ef a&Smif&ef
tK`Wdukd ykdrkdjynfhpkH&eftwGuf ta&; rSwfom;p&m vkdufemp&m/ tm;usp&m
cH yk~Kdvf uG,fvGef+yD;rSom a&;&ef rsm;ukd a&;om;&mwGif c|wf,Gif;csuf
yg&Sdonf? (xkdtcsdefu ouf&Sdxif&Sm; tm;enf;csuf rsm;ukdyg azmfjy&rnfyif
&Sdaeaom zl;wmt,f. tK`Wdukd jzpfonf?
xkdpmapmif (6) wGifyif pwifazmfjycJh
tK`WdqkdonfrSm i,fusKd;
onf? okd@&mwGif yk~KdvftcsKd@. arWm i,femazmfI twif;ESdrfhcs a&;om;aom
&yfcH wm;jrpfr_rsm;a=umifh pmapmif (7) pmayrsKd; r[kwfovkd/ rkd;r$efatmif csD;
wGif qufvuf razmfjyjzpfawmhbJ EkdifiH usL;ajrmufyifhonfh tHhbeef; bkef;awmf
opfpmapmifukd,fwkdifrSmvnf; pmapmif zGJ@ pmayrsKd;vnf; r[kwfa=umif;/ a&;
(7) rSmyif &yfqkdif; oGm;cJh&onf? zl;wm om;cHyk~Kdvf. yifukd,fp\kduf obm0/
t,f ukd,fwkdifuawmh aemufxyf 10
ESpf t=um 2006 ckESpf ESpfv,fykdif;usrS
uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf?) y'kdu ruG,fvGef
csdef a&;aom pmrSm bufvkdufr_rsm; zkH;zd
nm0g;r_rsm; &SdaeEdkifa=umif;/ yk~dKvfw
OD;ukd =oZmtm%m &SdaecsdefY bufr
vkdufbJ trSeftwkdif; vGwfvyfpGm a&;
ygu a&;om;oltwGuf t&m,f&Sd Ekdif
a=umif; a&;om;cH yk~dKvf=oZm tm%m
usqif;csdef/ tm%mvkH;0 r&Sd awmhcsdef/
aoqkH;csdefusrSom a&;oifha=umif;rsm;
t}uHyxm;+yD; acgif;aqmifrsm;. tK
`Wdukd a&;&mwGif wkd@ aumif;uGuf
42
August 2011
pdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;ESifh avhvmrSwfom;
zG,f tytrl tjzpftysuftcsKd@ukd t
aumif;a&m tqkd;yg aumufE_wfwifjy
jcif;omjzpfonf[k orkdif;w&m;cHaqmif;
yg;Y usaemfa&;cJhonf? wqufwnf;
rSmyif yk~Kdvfa&; tK`Wdukd a&;om;
&mY xkdyk~Kdvf. wzufapmif;eif; t,l
tqrsm;ukd t&if;twkdif; jyefvnf
azmufonfcsjcif;rsKd;awmh rjzpfapoifh
a=umif;ESifh vlrsKd;a&;/ bmoma&;t&
ydyQ jzpfapEkdifonfh oabmxm;rsm;/
ukd,fhtrsKd;om; tcsif;csif;aomfvnf;
aumif;/ rdwfaqGEkdifiHrsm;ESifhaomfvnf;
aumif; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfr_ yuGJapEkdif
onfh oabmxm;rsm;ukdvnf; a&Smif
&Sm;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ xkdokd@aom oabm
xm; tcsuftvufrsm;ukd xnfhoGif;
rnfqkdygu pdwfapwemaumif; xm;&Sd
vsuf pma&;ol.tjrifjzifhom qkH;jzwf
wifjy&rnf jzpfa=umif;/ xkdtcsufrsm;rS
vGJI orkdif;a=umif;ESifh ywfoufaom
yk~Kdvfa&; tK`WdwGif xkdyk~Kdvf. t
qkd;taumif; tusKd;ta=umif; [lor#
ukd a'gifhaphatmif rSefrSefuefuef wifjy
Ekdif&rnf jzpfa=umif; usaemfa&;cJhonf?
uG,fvGef+yD;aom acgif;aqmif
tcsKd@ta=umif; taumif;wifjyr_rsm;
ESifh ywfoufI rnfonfhjyemr# r
ay:Ekdifaomfvnf; qkd;uGuf nHhuGuf
oElxl
rsm;ukd wifjyonfh tcgwGif usef&pfolwkd@
tzkd@ pdwfraumif;Ekdif=u? okd@&mwGif
orkdif; rSwfwrf;Y txift&Sm; jzpfysuf
cJhonfh tjzpftysufukd rjzpfcJhyg[k jiif;
qkdzkH;zdI r&paumif;? orkdif;a=umif; ESifh
pyfqkdifaom tK`Wdrsm;ukd a&;om;
&mwGif 0guswck/ pmwa=umif; trSm;cH
I r&? emrnf wvkH;rSm;ygoGm;I r&?
rygvkdufbJ usef&SdaeI vnf;r&? t
jzpftysufrsm;ukd odrDSvkdufolawG tae
jzifh wrifwum *\kwpkduf zkH;zdxdef csef
xm;onfh udPrsm;ukdvnf; od&Sdaxmuf
jy vm=urnfomjzpfonf?
usaemfwkd@ a&;om;aom o
rkdif;rSm tvdrftnm zkH;zdazsmufzsuf r_
awG wif;=urf;jynfhaeaom &efol@orkdif;
ESifh rwl? tjzpfrSefukd tjzpfrSef twkdif;
taxmuftxm; tukd;tum;rsm; jzifh
oabmxm; apwem rSeu
f efpmG / \k;d om;
ajzmifhrwfpGm oWd&SdpGm wifjy&J&rnf
jzpfonf?
orkdif;ukd vdrfIr&/ zkH;zd azsmuf
zsufvkdIr&? &efoluawmhorkdif;jzpf&yf
rSefrsm;ukd tpDtpOf&SdpGm zkH;zdvdrfnm
azsmufzsufr_rsm; yvkyfaecJh+yD; orkdif;rSef
a&;om;olrsm;ukdvnf; axmifxJykd@aecJh
onf? wkd@ tm%mqufvuf wnf
+rJa&;/ vlxkukd tuef@towfr&Sd csKyf
ukdif Ekdifa&;wkd@twGuf tjzpfrSefukd wm;
qD; ydwfyifr_rsm; vkyf&rnfrSm &efol@t
vkyf yifjzpfonf?
okd@&mwGif &efol@wm;qD; ydwf
yifr_rsm;ukd tr_xm;p&m rvkdaom
awmfvSefa&; e,fajrrSmyif raumif;
aom aemufa=umif;rsm; ray:aygufap
a&; ukd,fhtcsif;csif;u [ef@wm;aESmuf
,Sufr_/ arWm&yfcH ydwfyifr_awG&Sdonf?
ta=umif;a=umif;ukd iJh+yD; rxnfhjzpf
onfh tcef;uawGvnf; rsm;pGm&Sd
avonf?
(3)
zl;wmt,frSm u&ifhawmfvSef
a&; rprDuwnf;u u&ifhtrsKd; om;
a&; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJholjzpf+yD;u&if
jrefrm t"du\k%;f ESihf *syefacwfudk jzwf
oef;cJh&ol jzpfonf? u&iftzGJ@}uD; av;
zGJ@jzifh wckwnf;aom u&iftrsKd;om;
tpnf;t\kH; autJef,lukd zGJ@pnf;aom
tpnf;ta0;}uD;ukd wufa&muf cJh&+yD;
rdrde,fajrtwGif; autJef'Dtkd wyfzGJ@
rsm; zGJ@pnf;&mwGif wkdufe,f wm0efcH
tjzpf OD;aqmif yg0ifcJholjzpfonf? jrpf0
u|ef;ay: twGif;wkdufyGJrsm; tEkdifwkduf
um tif;pdefwkdufyGJukdyg axmufulay;
EkdifcJhonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&; twGif;
jrpf0u|e;f ay:wkid ;f / yJc;l \k;d rwkid ;f ESihf ta&S
aumfol;av wkdif;}uD;okH;ck pvkH;wGif
yg0ifcJh+yD; &efol@ppfqifa&;}uD;rsm;ukd }uHK
cJh&oljzpfonf? OU}uD; ref;bZef a&;
qGJcsrSwfcJhaom u&ifhawmfvSefa&;. 'k
wd,vrf;pOfukd u&ifhawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@
tpnf;ESifh u&ifvlxktwGif; oabm
ayguf vufcHvmatmif &Sif;vif;I t
aumiftxnf azmfEkdifa&; u;yrf;aqmif
&GufcJhol jzpfonf? autJef,lukd OD;pD;OD;
aqmifyrnfh EkdifiHa&; OD;aqmifygwD t
jzpf autJef,l wyfOD;ygwDwGif ay:vpf
AsL\kd0ifwOD; jzpfcJhonf?
autJef,l u&iftrsKd;om; t
pnf;t\kH;}uD;. wqpfcsKd; tajymif; t
vJ}uD;rsm;ukd awG@}uKHjzwfoef;vmcJh&ol
jzpfonf? EkdifiHa&; tawG;tac: t&
vnf;aumif;/ trsKd;om;a&;cH,lcsuf ESifh
vlwef;pm; &yfwnfcsuftm; vnf;
aumif;/ ppfa&;tawG@t}uHK/ oabm
w&m;a&;ESifh pnf;\kH;a&; vkyfief;rsm;t
& vnf;aumif; pHerlem yavmuf
atmif tpOftvm &SdcJholjzpfonf?
c\kdifOU}uD;. tK`Wdukd
a&;om;&mwGif u&ifhawmfvSefa&;.
orkdif;0if jzpf&yf}uD;rsm; omru acwf
yif ArmhEkdifiHa&; tajctaersm;yg rvGJ
raoG yg&Sdaernf jzpfonf? r[mrdwf rGef

jynfopfygwDESifh qufqHa&;/ zqyv
acwf EkdifiHa&;jzpf&yfrsm;/ awmfvSefa&;
aumifpDESifh rqvacwftwGif; ausmif;
om;/ tvkyform;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlxk.
qjy tkHur_rsm; 1988 wjynfvkH; t
wkdif;twmjzifh vlxktkHur_ taxGaxG
oydwf}uD;ESifh 8 av;vkH; ta&;tcif;
t+yD; tzrf;tqD;rsm;twGif; e,fpyfa'
o toD;oD;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;wkd@ e,fajr
okd@ vma&mufyl;aygif; =uolrsm;/ au
tJef,l tzGJ@tpnf;okd@ a&mufvm=uol
rsm;/ aohabmbkd;ESifh bk&m;okH;ql e,f
ajrrS ausmif;om;wyfrawmf/ a':atmif
qef;pk=unfESifh tJeft,fvf'D tay: o
abmxm;/ 1990 a&G;aumufyGJ tEkdif&
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm; tygt0if
r[mrdwf 'Drkdu&ufwpf tzGJ@tpnf;
rsm;ESifh vufwGJaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;/ rm
e,fyavm. tOD;tp/ c\kdifOU b0
u;yrf;aqmif&u
G rf r_ sm;/c\kid w
f iG ;f \ku
d f
cwfvmaom jrpfqkHta&; tcif;.
aemufqufwGJ jyemrsm;/ jynfwGif;
+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh 'Drkdua&pDtcGifh ta&;
rsm;twGuf &efolESifh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;
jcif;rsm;/ &efol@xkd;ppfrsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;
twGif;rS cGJxGufvsuf &efolESifh yl;aygif;
oGm;onfh vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm; ponf
ponfjzifh jzwfoef;cJhaom EkdifiHa&;
awmfvSefa&;c&D;wav#muf }uHKawG@vm
cJh&onfh aysmf&$if=unfEl;zG,f/ a=uuGJ0rf;
enf;zG,f/ pdwf"mwftm;rmef wufu
zG,f/ cHjyif;a'gojzpfzG,f ajcmufjcm; pkd;
&drfzG,f jzpf&yfrsm;ESifh trsKd;om;xk t
ay: xm;&Sdaomo abmxm; apwem
rsm;/vlom;yDoaom tawG;tjrifrsm;?
(4)
awmfvSefa&;w&yf taejzifh
ydyQ[lonfrSm &Sdukd&Sdae&rnfomjzpf
onf? rdwfbufydyQESifh &efbuf ydy
Q? &efolESifhjzpf&aom &efbufydyQ
August 2011
43
oElxl
uawmh olaoukd,frao tjywf &Sif;&
rnfhudP? rdwfbufydyQurl ukd,fht
csif;csif;=um;rSm jzpfonfh jyem? o
abmxm; t,ltq rukdufnDr_rsm; ukd
wOD;ESifhwOD; ajyvnfatmif !dE_dif; aqG;
aEG;um tajz&Sm& rnfhudPjzpfonf?
awmfvSefa&;w&yfrSm xkdenf;jzifh om
wpwp wkd;wufckdifrmjcif; jzpfonf
ydyQukd vufrcHEkdifr_onf awmfvSef
a&; tawG;tac:r[kwf?
zl;wmt,f tK`WdwGif zl;
wmt,f ukd,fwkdifomru olawG@}uHK
jzwfoef;vmcJh&aom awmfvSefa&; c&D;
wav#muf acwfyifyk~Kdvfrsm;. aumif;
uGufaum qkd;uGufrsm;yg yg&Sd aernf
jzpfonf? tK`WdqkdonfrSm ykHjyif
'm&DwGif;rS rif;om;/ rif;orD;awGvkd
ajcmufypfuif; oJvJpifr[kwfbJ vlukd
vlyDoatmif azmfjy&aomtvkyf/ acwf
pepf. orkdif;a=umif;ukd xif[yfapaom
tvkyfjzpfaoma=umifh twdwfumvu
yk~Kdvfrsm;. aumif;uGuf/ qkd;uGufrsm;
ukd aemifvm aemufom;rsm; zwf_
avhvm qifjcifr_yEkdifatmif azmfjy&
rnfom jzpfonf?
pmtkyfxJwGif jrpf0u|ef;ay:
wkid ;f ESihf yJc;l \k;d rwkid ;f twGi;f acgi;f aqmif
wyfrSL;tcsKd@ESifh vufwGJvkyf ukdifcJh&pOfu
xkdyk~Kdvfwkd@. oabmxm;apwem rrSef
44
August 2011
uefr_rsm;ESifh t&nftcsif;rJhaom vlxk

qef@usifa&;vkyf&yfrsm;/ jyemrsm;yg
&Sdonf? xkdjzpf&yfrsm;rSm wu,fyif jzpf
ysufcJh+yD; xkdjzpf&yfrsKd;rsm; aemifvm
aemufom;wkd@ r}uKHqkH&apaomiSm zl;
wmt,f taejzifh pdwfapwemrSefuefpGm
\kd;om;pGm ajymqkdwifjyjcif; jzpfonf [k
usaemf,kH=unfonf? okd@&mwGifxkdyk~Kdvf
wkd@. om;ajr;rsm;/ aqGeD;rsKd;pyf rsm;ESifh
wynfhwyef;rsm;rSm awmfvSefa&; t
wGif;Y &Sdae+yD; tcsKd@wynfhrsm;qkdv#if ,
cktcsdefY wm0ef&Sd acgif;aqmifrsm; jzpf
aeum pmtkyfwGif;yg wkd@txuf
acgif;aqmifrsm;. tjypftemrsm;ESifhywf
oufI rsufESmyl=u/ &Suf=u/ rausreyf
jzpf=u&vdrfhrnf[k y'kdwOD;uajymonf?
wu,fawmh zl;wmt,fwGif
ti;taw;r&Sd? yk~Kdvfa&; tmCmw
rsm;r&Sd? 0efwkdr>&d,pdwf r&Sd? ol@tawG@
t}uHK tawG;tjrif oabmxm;rsm;ukd
trsm;tusKd;ar#mf&nfI t&Sdukd t&Sdt
wkdif; wifjycJhjcif;om jzpfonf?
vlwkdif;onf ukd,fhorkdif;ukd
ukd,fh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;jzifh a&;=u
onf? aumif;wmrsm;rsm; vkyfcJhovm;
qkd;wm rsm;rsm; vkyfcJhovm;/ orkdif;u
oufao cHayvdrfhrnf? AkdvfcsKyfwkd@tm;
vkyf}uHr_ aemufuG,fwGif xkdpOfu +Adwd
o#tpkd;& yg0ifa=umif; taxmuftxm;
rsm; awG@cJh&aomfvnf; wu,fwrf; xd

a&mufpGm ckdif;apcJhonfh OD;apmrSm EkdifiH
awmfvkyf}uHr_ w&m;cHtjzpf orkdif;wGif
oGm;+yD jzpfonf? OD;apmrSm xufjruf
aom olwOD;jzpf+yD; awmifol v,f
orm; ta&;awmfykHwGif w&m;\kH; wif
cH&aom *VKefwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;. a&S@aew
OD;tjzpf aqmif&Guf ay;cJholjzpfonf?
ol@rSm aumif;aomvkyfaqmifcsuf awG
vnf;&SdcJhonf? ol@tmCmwrsm; tay:
aemifw&cJha=umif;vnf; axmifwGif;rS
aeI orD;xHokd@ pma&;cJhonf? ,ck
tcsdefY OD;apm. orD;ESifh ajr;jrpfrsm;
toufxif&Sm;&Sdae=urnf jzpfonf?
wkd@tay: rnfokd@yif pmemaxmuf
xm;onfjzpfap wkd@ zcif/ wkd@t
bkd;/ wkd@tab;. vkyf&yftrSm; ESifh
ywfoufI unf;xkd;xm;onfh udPukd
rnfolr# jyifEkdifvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs?
pmtkyfxGuf&Sda&; aESmifhaES;
atmif ajcaxmufqGJ&mY ta=umif;jy
okH;pGJ=uonfh qifajcrsm;wGif pmtkyf
wGif; azmfjyxm;onfh aysmufusm;ppf
a&;enf;tcsKd@rSm &efolzwfrd od&SdoGm; yg
u rdrdwkd@taejzifh tvm;wl aysmuf
usm;enf;rsKd;rsm;ukd xyfrHtokH;yI &Ekdif
awmh rnfr[kwfonfhtwGuf xkdenf;
pepfrsm;ukd azmfjyzkd@&ef roifh[lI vnf;
aumif;/ acgif;aqmifrsm; tcsif;csif; o
oElxl
abmxm;uGJr_rsm; ESifhywfoufI rdrdwkd@

tzGJ@tpnf;wGif; jyemukd txkyf
jznfjyovkd jzpfrnf[lI vnf;aumif;/
oifcef;pm,lp&m aqmif&ef/ a&Smif&ef
avhvmrSwfom;p&m
udP&yfrsm;rSm
vnf; &efolukd vkyfau|;ovkd jzpfaernf
[lIvnf;aumif; apm'uwufp&m
pOf;pm;qifjcifp&m ta=umif;t&mrsm;
yg&Sdaeonf? yk~Kdvf tcsKd@uawmh xkdudP
awGukd &efolu odxm;onfrSm tawmf
yif=um+yD jzpf+yD; tcsKd@udPrsm;qkdv#if rdrd
wkd@ xufyifykdI odaeao;a=umif; ajym
=uonf?
usaemfh taejzifhrl zl;wmt,f
. tawG@t}uHKrsm;twGif; azmfjyxm;
aomjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh ywfoufI rnfonfh
yk~Kdvfa&;cifrifr_rsm;/ rnfonfh qifajc
qifvufrsm;/ rnfonfh +cdrf;ajcmufr_
rsm;ukdrS ae&may;vdrfh rnfr[kwfacs?
q/ b,m/ a'go/ arm[ rnfonfh
t*wd w&m;r# rvkdufpm;bJ apwem
oef@oef@jzifh trSefw&m;. rsufESmukd
om axmuf\_ wifjy&rnf jzpfavonf?
(5)
toufxif&Sm; &SdpOfrSmyif
tK`Wd pmtkyfxGuf&Sda&; twGuf
um,uH&Sifukd,fwkdif tm;wufoa&m
u;yrf;cJhaomfvnf; pmtkyftwGif; yg
0ifonfh tcsuftvuf rsm;ESifhywf

oufI ukduf!dukd;um;&rnfh pmapmif
pmwrf;rsm; &SmazGpk aqmif;&jcif;/ "mwf
ykH rSwfwrf;rsm; pkaqmif;&jcif;ESifh taxG
axG ta=umif; udPrsm;a=umifh pmtkyf
xGuf&Sda&; aESmifhaES;=uef@=um cJh&onf?
usaemfukd,fwkdifu cspfcifav;
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45
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47
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48
August 2011
awG[m apmbOD;}uD;udk ydk+yD;txif}uD;

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ol jzpfw,f? qHk;jzwfcsuf cs&mrSm trSm;
t,Gif; r&Sdatmif tm\kHy+yD;pOf;pm; a0
zef tuJjzwfqHk;jzwfavh &Sdw,f? u&if
trsKd;om;a&;udk vufjzef@toem;cH
awmif;I r&Edkifbl;? vufeufudkif wdkuf
yGJeJ@om &Edkifw,fqdkwJhav;eufwJh cH,l
csuf&Sdol jzpfw,f? yk~dKvfa&; cH,lcsuf
ay:rSm pHerlem xm;avmufw,f?
ynmwwfu|rf;
OPm"e
oElxl
aygu,f0+yD; &mxl;*k%fxl;awG&Sdayr,fh
b 0ifjrifhjcif;r&Sdbl;? apmbOD;}uD;&J@ 0wf
pm;qif,ifaexdkifpm;aomufr_awG [m
x,fx,f0g0g r&Sdbl;? vlvwfwef; pm;
tqihfrsKd;eJ@ aexdkifw,f? 1948ckESpf ae@
wae@rSm apmbOD;}uD;/ u|Efkyf/ ref;*sdef;
xGef;atmif/ apm[Hwmomar$; wdk@[m
trsKd;om;pnf;\Hk;v_H@aqmfa&; twGuf
ajrmif;jrc\dkif/ vyGWmr@e,f/ w,fyif
udkif;aus;&Gmokd@
a&muf&SdoGm;w,f?
u|Efkyfwkd@a&muf+yD; aemufwae@rSma'o
wpf0dkuf&Sd vlxktpnf;ta0; w&yf
jyKvkyfw,f? tpnf;ta0; rusif;yrD
acgif;aqmifawG[m wnf;cdktdrfrSm t
pnf;ta0;usif;y&m ryfodk@toGm;
rSm vlxku wef;pD+yD; zm;pnfwD;umyef;
ukH;pGyf *k%fjyKzkd@pDpOfw,f? vlxku apm
bOD;}uD;udk bdvyfjyef 0wfvHkawmf&
u&ifacgif;aqmiftjzpf +Adwdo# bk&if
cHrsm; 0wfpm;ovdk cef@nm;pGm 0wfpm;
vmw,fvdk@ rSwf,l=uw,f? 'gayr,fh
apmbOD;}uD;[m umuD abmif;bDwdk/ p
ydk@&Syf tus0wf+yD; tpnf;ta0; wuf
vmwm udk awG@&wJhtcg thH=ooGm;=u
w,f?apmbOD;}u;D [m\d;k \d;k usihfjrifjh rifh
}uHwwfoljzpfw,f? pdwfaeoabmxm;
\d;k om;jzLpifw,f? vlwikd ;f udk twef;t
pm;ra&G; vl&,fvdk oabmxm;+yD; quf
qHw,f?
udk,fcsif;pmempdwf&Sdw,f?
trsKd;om;twGuf wu,fudk,fusKd;pGef@
oljzpfw,f? rdrd&J@v,f,m tvkyform;
rsm;tay: pmempdwf&Sdw,f? trsKd;om;
a&;vkyfief; vkyf&mrSm trsKd;om;a&;tm
\Hkwckwnf;om xm;&Sd+yD; ajcpHkypf vkyf
udkifw,f?
apmbOD;}uD;[mrdrd&J@ av;euf
wJh cH,lcsuftwdkif;u&iftrsKd;om; vGwf
ajrmufa&;twGuf rSefuef jywfom;wJh
awmfvSefa&;udk a&S@aqmif azmfxkwfcJhol
jzpfw,f? awmfvSefa&;tay:rSmav;euf
jywfom;r_eJ@ oPm&Sdw,f? awmfvSefa&;
vkyfief;awGudk tcuftcJ awG=um;rS
&J&ifhwnf+idrf jywfom;pGm a&SaqmifcJh
w,f?
1949 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 31 &uf
ae@rSm vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; pwif
vm+yD; apmbOD;}uD;[m A[dkacgif;aqmif
awGjzpfwJh u|Ekfyf/ apmpdkif;au/ paumarm
av;/ apm[Hwmomar$;/ ref;*sdef;xGef;
atmif/ OD;Zef/ apmb,fvDESifhtwltif;
pdefwdkufyGJtwGif; tcuftcJ jyem
aygif; ajrmufrsm;pGm }uHKawG@&+yD; awmf
vSefa&; t&nftcsif;awG &cJhw,f?
tif; pdefwdkufyGJ[m 1949 ck ar 25 &uf
ae@txd &ufaygif; 111 &uf &Snf=um
cJh+yD; aemufrSm tif;pdefrS qkwfcGmcJhw,f?
tif;pdefrS qkwfcGmawmh awmfvSefa&;
'%fudk rcHEkdifwJh ref;*sdef;xGef;atmif/
apmb,fvD/ OD;Zefwdk@rSm awmfvSefa&;udk

pGef@cGmoGm;=uw,f? awmfvSefa&;rSm
acgif;aqmif&ef apmbOD;}uD;/ u|Efkyf/apm
pdkif;au/ apm[Hwmomar$;eJ@ paumarm
av;wdk@ usefcJhw,f? tif;pdefrSqkwfcGm+yD;
u|Eykf [
f m tif;pdecf \dik f xef;wyif+rdK@e,f
&Sd =umtifazmif;&Gmudk a&muf=uw,f?
tJ'D&GmrSm tpnf;ta0;vkyf+yD; acgif;
aqmifawG wm0efcGJa0=uw,f? apmb
OD;}uD;/ apmpdkif;au/ paumarmav;wdk@
awmifilodk@ oGm;a&muf+yD; A[dkvkyfief;
rsm;udk wm0ef,l vkyfaqmif&ef u|EfkyfESifh
apm[Hwmomar$;wdk@ jrpf0u|ef;ay: a'
orSm wm0ef,lxrf;aqmifzdk@jzpfw,f?
1950 =o*kwfv 12 &uf[m
u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;twGuf qHk;\_H;r_}uD;
wckjzpfwJh auuGJ0rf;enf;zG,f&mae@bJ
jzpfygw,f? tJh'Dae@rSm acgif;aqmif}uD;
awGjzpfwJh apmbOD;}uD;eJ@ apmpdkif;auwdk@
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xdkaumhul;&GmrSm &efol@vufcsufeJ@ u
&ihftrsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf
toufpGef@oGm;cJh&w,f? apmbOD;}uD;
[m touf 45 ESpfrSm uG,fvGefcJhw,f?
vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&; wm0efudk
wpfESpfausmfavmufom xrf;aqmif
oGm;&&Smw,f?
apmbOD;}uD;&J@ rSefuefwJh a&S
aqmifr_a=umifh jywfom;wJh u&ifhtrsKd;
om;vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ b0wdk;wufr_ awmf
vSefa&; jzpfay:vmw,f? apmbOD;}uD;
[m rdrdtay:usa&mufwJh wm0efawGudk
ajymifajrmufatmifjrifpGm xrf;aqmifcJh
oljzpfw,f? u&ifhawmfvSefa&;eJ@ u&ifh
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;udk pwifazmf
xkwfay;ol jzpfw,f? ol@&J@&nf&G,fcsuf
tvHk;pHk atmifjrifa&;twGuf u|Efkyfwdk@
qufvuf wdkufyGJ0if=u&OD;rnf jzpf
a=umif; wifjyvdkuf&ygw,f?
ref;bZef
(OU}uD; ref;bZefruG,fvGefrD
oEl;xl;wGif a&;cJhaom aqmif;yg;)
August 2011
49
oElxl
tem*gwftwGuf
vif;vufap&m
To Be Shine For The Future.
a'ge aevif;
usaemfonf EdkifiHa&;orm; r
[kwfovdk ordkif;q&m (odk@ ) pma&;q&m
wa,mufvnf; r[kwfacs? odk@aomf
wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm;tay: usaemf.
apwem ,lqcsufudk xif[yfaponfh
taejzihf usaemfjrifor#/ =um;or#/ zwf
or#/ rSwfor# ta=umif; t&mrsm;xJrS
aumif;Edk;&m&m ta=umif;t&m wcsKd@
udk oifhavsmfovdk aygif;pyfaESmzGJ@um
aqmif;yg; wpfyk'ftjzpf a&;om;vdkufyg
onf?
vuf&Sd (jrefrmEdkifiH) [kac:=u
+yD; wdkif;&if;om;rsm; jzpf=uaom ucsif/
u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ rGef/ Arm/ &cdkif/ &Srf;
vlrsKd;tjyif tjcm;vlrsKd;pk vlenf;pk t
ygt0if aexdkif=uonfhEdkifiH (odk@ ) wdkif;
jynfonf aemufcH ordkif;a=umif; pm
rsufESmudk jyefvSef=unfhv#if u&ifvl
rsKd;uom a&S;OD;pGm a&muf&Sdaeonfudk
50
August 2011
ordkif; pmrsufESm rsm;u azmfjycJh=uonf?

u&ifvlrsKd;rsm;onf TEdkifiHodk@ a&muf&Sd
pOftcgu u&ifvdk aumfvm; (0g) pdrf;
vef;pdkjynfaomwdkif;jynf [k OD;pGm
a&mufESifhaeonfh u&ifvlrsKd;rsm;u ac:
a0:orkwfcJh=uonf? ArmvlrsKd;rsm; 0if
a&mufonfhaemufydkif;wGif EdkifiHtm%m
ydkifrsm;u (Arm jrefrmEdkifiH) [k jyef
ajymif;ac:a0:oHk;pGJum ,ae@xdwdkif EdkifiH
. rSwfausmufwiftrnf emrtjzpf
usefwdkif;&if;om;rsm;. OD;aESmufESvHk;xJ
wGif pGJusef&pfygavawmhonf? tb,fh
a=umifh pGJusef&pf&ygoenf;[k tar;&Sd
aomf tajz&Sd&rnfrSm "Rwmygvm;? t
ajzuawmh &Sif;ygonf? ,ae@wdkif;&if;
om;vli,frsm; taejzifh xdkar;cGef;. t
ajzudk aocsmpGmpOf;pm;rdv#if ra0;vS
onfh vli,frsm;. jrefrmhacwfynma&;
a&pD;a=umif;wGif pkefar#maepOf/ twdkcsKH;
ajym&rnfqdkv#if twef;ausmif; ynm

a&; (jrefrmhordkif;) pmrsufESmwckwGif
(wdk@Arm tpnf;t&Hk;. au;a=umfoH
rsm;) xJrS Armjynfonf wdk@jynf/ Arm
pmonf wdk@pm/ Armpum;onf wdk@
pum;/ wdk@jynfudkcspfyg/ wdk@pmudkjrwfEdk;yg/
wdk@pum;udk av;pm;yg qdk+yD; usaemf
ausmif;aepOfwkef;u jyefvnfjrifa,mif
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ta&;r&&Sb
d J Armpmay,Ofaus;r_uo
kd m
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=um;xm;onfudk wdkif;&if;om; vli,f
rsm;taejzifh owdjyKrdrnf xifygonf?
odk@a=umifhvnf; u&if owif;aqmif;yg;
&Sif (q&mref;xufacgif) u (Arm) [l
aom pum;vHk;onf jrefrmh pG,fpHkusrf;
wGif (wdk@Arm tpnf;t\Hk;) rSvI
GJ tjcm;
oElxl
rnfonhfae&mwGifrS rawG@&a=umif;
u&if owif;pOf (aqmif;yg;u) wGif
axmufjy a&;om;xm;onfudk awG@&
onf?
apmapmu xkwfazmfcJhonfh
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jynfxkwf) pmtkyfwpftkyf zwfzl;onf
rsm;udk enf;enf;av; qufpyfay:vGif
atmif jyef+yD;a0iScsifao;onf? usaemf
zwfcJhonfh pmtkyfacgif;pOfonf jrefrm
qdkwmbmvJ [lIyif jzpfonf? t
a=umif;t&mtcsKyfrSm jrefrm [lonf
wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;udk qdkvdkjcif; jzpf+yD;
xdkwdkif;&if;om;rsm; pkaygif;aexdkifonfh
TEdkifiHonfjrefrmEdkifiH[kyif t"dy`g,f
zGifhqdk a&;om;xm;onfudkvnf; zwfod
&Sd&ygonf? 'g[mvnf; zwf&olrsm;
tzdk@ pdwfESvHk;at;csrf;rnfvm;/ 'grSr
[kwf awGa0pdwfawGrsm; jzpfaervm;
qdkwm wdkif;&if;om; vli,frsm; tae
jzifh avhvmoHk;oyf&rnfrSm ,ae@vl
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azmfjy xm;ovdk jrefrm [laom a0g
[m& t"dy`g,fudk zGifhqdka&;om;xm;
vifhupm; tb,fha=umifh jrefrmtp
waumif;u/ jrefrmtp ausmufqnf
u[k ordkif; tar;rsm; xyfwif&yg o
enf;? rSefygonf? jrefrmrif;.tponf
waumif;u jzpf+yD; jrefrmvlrsKd;.tp
onf wdbufjynf ta&Sajrmufbuf
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wla=umif; aqmif;yg;&Sif q&m ref;xuf
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jrefrmtp ausmufqnfu [lonf
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vnf;&Sdonf?
vli,frsm;twGuf &Sif;vdkuf
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f u
kd jf zpfaernfqv
kd #if&Si;f &Si;f av;ESihf
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vli,frsm;tm; rD;armif;xdk;jyvdkufcsif
onf? yxrar;cGef;.tajzonf wdkif;
&if;om;rsm;. OD;aESmuf tawG;tm\Hk
xJ wGif jrefrmEdkifiH [k pGJusefcJh&jcif;rSm
(vuf&jdS refrmjynf ynma&; oif\;kd !$e;f
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csifonfhqoabmxm;udk uav;vl
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oHk;pGJ ac:a0:wwf=ujcif; jzpfonf? wcsKd@
uvnf; Armjynf/ ArmEdkifiH tjzpf
vnf; ac:a0:=uonf?
aemufar;cGef;wpfck. tajz
rSm jrefrmESifhArm jrefrm qdkonfrSm
usaemfwdk@EdkifiHom;rsm;. tac:ta0:
jzpf+yD;/ ArmqdkonfrSm udkvdkeDacwf
t*Fvdyfwdk@. ac:a0:yHk (Burma) - bm;
rm;rSArm jzpfvma=umif;udk ordkif;avh
vmolrsm;u qdk=uonf? xdk@a=umifh ,
ae@vli,frsm; odprSwfjyK&rnfrSm jref
rmESifhArm toHk;tE_ef;onf wdkif;&if;
om;tm;vHk;udk tpGJjyKaom trnf
r[kwfa=umif;ESifh jrefrmESifhArm onf
twlwlyifjzpf+yD; vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;om jzpf
a=umif; odapvdkygonf?
,ae@vli,frsm; taejzifh t
wdwfordkif;a=umif;ESifh yPKy`efjzpfysuf r_
rsm;udk avhvmoHk;oyf+yD; EdkifiHwm0ef
twGuf aumif;rGefpGm xrf;aqmifEdkif&ef
yPKy`efwGif vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufonfrsm;udk
v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_jyKrSom tem*gwf
rdrdEdkifiHESifh vlrsKd;twGufzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufEdkif
rnfjzpfonf? ordkif;udkavhvmw,fqdk
wm rt zdk@eJ@ olrsm; ESyfwmudk rcH&
zdk@twGuf jzpfonf[k pma&;q&mwpf
OD; u a&;om;xm;onfukdzwf\&_ onf?
u|Efkyfwdk@EdkifiHrSmusawmh ordkif;oifwm
[m usaemfwdk@twGuf vHk;0 t oGm;zdk@
eJ@ r[m0g'Dorm;rsm;&J@ ESyfwmudkacgif;

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rdkif;udk avhvmzdk@awmif vli,frsm; t
aeeJ@ cyfa=umifa=umifjzpfaervm; r
odbl;? ra=umufygESifh vli,fwdk@a&? w
\kwfpum;yHk wck&Sdygao;onf? bmvJ
qd k a wmh wd k ; wuf a omvl r sKd ; onf
pmzwf=uI pmzwfaomvlrsKd;onf wdk;
wuf =uayonf? [lIjzpfonf?
'ga=umifh vli,frsm;taejzifh udk,fhvlrsKd;
udk wdk;wufapcsif&if pmrsm;rsm;zwfzdk@
vnf; vdk jyefowJh? vli,fwdk@pmrsm;rsm;
zwfEdkifzdk@twGuf pmrsm;rsm;wwfzdk@a&m
rvdkaeay bl;vm; t&yfvli,fwdk@? ,
ae@vli,f rsm;tzdk@ aiGt&if;tESD; rsm;
rsm; &SdrSom tajccHynmudk &SmrSD;Edkifo
vdk EdkifiHa&; ESifhpD;yGm;a&; tajctae
aumif;rGefrS omv#if jzpfEdkifacs&SdrnfrSm
rvGJyg? tJ'g[m rSm;,Gif;aom (odk@ )
vltrsm;. tcGifhta&;udk rvdkvm;aom
r[m0g'D orm;wpfpk. tqufquf
tkyfcsKyfr_vkyf &yfrsm;udk rD;armif;xdk;jyo
vdkufovdkyif jzpfaernfvm; qdkonfrSm
vli,frsm; taeESifh awGa0p&mt
a=umif;r&Sdyg? EdkifiHom;wdkif; pmwwf
ajrmufcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGm oGm;vmvkyfudkif
pm;aomufcGifhESifh pOf;pm;awG;ac:ydkifcGifh
tcGifhta&;&&Sda&;. t"du w&m;cHrSm
vuf&Sdtkyfpdk;ol tpdk;&jzpfaomfvnf; rd
rdwdk@Xmae vlrsKd;rsm;tzdk@ vlom;wdk@.
&oifh&xdkufonfh tajccHvl@ tcGifht
a&;&&Sda&;twGuf ,ae@vli,frsm; t
aejzifh wHk@jyefv_yf&Sm;r_ jyKrSomv#if tc
&mus rnfxifygonf? vuf&Sdt&mtm;
vHk;c|wfcsKHusaeonfh u|Efkyfwdk@EdkifiH .
t"duw&m;cHonf rnfolrnf0gqdkonf
rSm TEdkifiHomru uBmuyg od&Sdae
onfrSmvnf; vli,frsm;twGuf t
qef; r[kwfawmhacs? u|Efkyfwdk@EdkifiH'Drdk
ua&pDr&&Sdoa&G@ uav;vli,frsm; t
ygt0if EdkifiHom;tm;vHk; vuf&Sd tkyfpdk;
ol ppftm%m&Sifwdk@. EdkifiHa&; tkyfcsKyf
August 2011
51
oElxl
r_}udK;qGJ&maemufodk@ vdkufu& rnfrSm

rkcs {uefyg? 'Drdkua&pDr&Sdonfh r[m0g'D
tkyfpk. \_yfaxG;aom (0g) w&m;r#wr_
r&Sdaom EdkifiHa&;tkyfcsKyfr_pepf atmuf
wGif acwfynmwwf vli,frsm; tygt
0if EdkifiHom;tm;vHk; vufndK;axmif
acgif;+idrfh vkyfrSmvm;? 'Drdkua&pD &&Sda&;
twGuf awmfvSefa&; oabm w&m;
udkarG;rSm vm;qdkwm wdkif;&if;om; vl
i,frsm; tygt0if EdkifiHom;tm;vHk; ,
ckrSmyif aocsmpGm qHk;jzwfoifhyg+yD? wdkif;
&if;om; vli,facgif; aqmifwcsKd@u
udk,fhvlrsKd; udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh tcGifht
a&;&&Sda&;twGuf pdwf"mwfxufoefpGm
v_yf&Sm;aqmif &Gufae=uonfudk usefvl
i,frsm; taejzifh tqdkyg vli,facgif;
aqmifrsm;. vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay:
tm;ustwk,l+yD; yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif
&Gufzdk@&ef tcsdefoifhyg+yD?
ra0;vSonfh ppftm%m&Sif
etz. jyKvkyfusif;ycJhaom 2010 - ck
ESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (7) &ufae@wGif twkt
a,mifygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a&G;
aumufyGJ.&v'fudk OD;armh=unfhrnf qdk
v#if jynfaxmifpk }uHhcdkifa&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;
wdk;wufa&;ygwD (}uHhzGwfygwD) odk@r[kwf
etz vufudkifwkwfygwDudkom tEdkif&
&Sda=umif; EdkifiHydkif toHv$ifhXmerS ajym
qdk a=unmvdkufonfudk uBmwv$m;
52
August 2011
jyp&m rsufESmr&Sd avmufatmifyif

EdkifiHom; taejzifh 0rf;enf; a=uuGJp&m
jzpfraebl; vm;t&yfvli,fwdk@? ppftm
%m&Sifwdk@. EdkifiHa&;rsufvSnfhjyr_onf
r[kwfw\kwf qdkovdkyif rJvdrf/ rJcdk;om
ru EdkifiHom;rsm;qDrS twif;t"R rJvk
,l aumufcH&&Sd aeonfudk ewfod=um;
ru omrefvl om;uyg txif;om;
jrifawG@cJh&onfrSm tHh=op&m r[kwfyg?
udk,fnHhudk,fcH qdkovdk olwdk@. rw
&m;r_ vkyf&yfrsm;udk usaemfwdk@vufydkuf
=unfhaevdkyif jzpfayrnfavm? odkwnf;
r[kwf wdkif;&if;om; tm;vHk; pnf;vHk;
nD!$wfr_rwnfaqmuf Edkifjcif;yif jzpf
ayrnfavm? r[mhr[m r[mpdwf
}uD;0ifol tm%m&Sif tqufquf.
rw&m; &ufpuf,kwfrmr_ vkyf&yfrsm;
onf ,ckyifr[kwf? vGefcJhaom twdwf
ord k i f ; pmrsuf E S m uyif v #if E d k i f i H o m;
jynfolrsm;tay: tenf;enf;tzHkzHk r
w&m;rif;vkyf tkyfcsKyfaecJh=uonfrSm
,ae@wdkif;&if;om; vli,frsm; taejzifh
rvSnfh=unfhbJESifh jrif&/ =um;&/ }uHKawG@
cHpm; aecJh=u&onfom r[kwf ygvm;?
1948 - ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)
&ufae@wGif (,cktac: jrefrmEdkifiH)
vGwfvyfa&;&&Sdaomfvnf; wdkif;&if;om;
tm;vHk;u vGwfvyfa&;. toD;tyGifhudk
,ae@xdwdkif wpfpufuav;r#cHpm;ydkif
cGifhr&&Sdonfudk vli,frsm;tm; cHpm;jrif

a,mifapcsifygonf? tapmydkif;wGifajym
cJhonfhtwdkif; (awmfvSefa&;oabmw
&m;) udk vli,frsm;. pdwfudk,fpDY arG;
rSomv#if puf\y_ &f &HG mS zG,af umif;aom
tkyfpdk;ol tm%m&Siftqufquf.tkyf
csKyfr_,&m;udk +zdKcGif;zsufqD;Edkifrnf jzpf
onf? odk@rSom om,maumif;rGef aom
'Drdkua&pD tjynfht0&Sdonfh zuf'
&,fjynfaxmifpk EdkifiHawmfopfqDodk@
OD;vSnfhcsDwufEdkifrnfjzpfonf? Tae&m
wGifzl;ref;a&mbwfZefa&;onfh (zm;uyf
wdkufyGJ) ta=umif;t&mxJrS rSwfrSwf&&
jyef+yD; a0iS&v#if The purpose of the
revolutionary war is peace. awmfvSef
a&;ppfyGJ. &nf&G,fcsufrSm +idrf;csrf;a&;
jzpf onf?[k a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf?
,ae@ u|Ekfyfwdk@ awmfvSefa&;vkyf&jcif;
onf tem*gwf EdkifiHom;jynfolvlxkrsm;
. +idrf;csrf;r_udk &nfar#mfI vkyfaqmifae
=ujcif; r[kwfygavmvli,fwdk@? &efol.
'%fudk jyefvnfckcHumuG,fonfh tae
jzifh wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pkrsm;u vuf
eufudkif awmfvSefcJh=uonfrSm ,ae@xd
wdkif =um;&/ jrif&/ }uHKae=u&onf r
[kwfygvm;? odk@jzifhvnf; pma&;q&m
wpfOD;u tzdESdyfcHrsm;. awmfvSefwdkuf
cdkufr_ atmifjrifa&;twGuf cH,lusifh
oHk;&rnfh awG;ac:ar#mfjrifa&; w&m; (0g)
atmifyGJvrf;!$efr_w&m;onf awmfvSef
a&; oabmw&m;jzpfonf? [k zGifhqdk
a&;om;xm;onfudk awG@&onf? ppftm
%m&Siftkyfpk. tkyfcsKyfr_pepfudk +zdKcGif;
zsufqD;Edkif&efESifh tem*gwf+idrf;csrf;aom
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkpepf wnfaqmuf
Edkif&ef ,ae@wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm;.
OD;aESmuftm\Hx
k w
J iG f t"du &So
d ifo
h nf
rSm awmfvSefa&;oabmw&m;aywnf;?
wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm; tqufquf cH
pm;ae&onfh ppfab;ppf'%fESifh r[m0g
'D ppftm%m&Sifwpfpk. rw&m;tkyf
csKyfr_'%fudk vGwfajrmufzdk@&eftwGuf
oElxl
,ae@vli,frsm; atmufusrcHbJ vGwf
ajrmufa&; vkyfief;utoD;oD;rS wpf
a'gifh wpfae&mwGif 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm;um
wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm;tm;vHk; yl;aygif;
vkyfaqmifrnfqdkv#if tem*gwf vli,f
rsm;. b0ESifhEdkifiHtvif;a&mifoef;vm
rnfrSm rvGJ{uefyg? (Freedom consists
not in doing what we like, but in
having the right to do what we ought.)
vGwfvyfa&;qdkwm udk,fvkyfcsifwm
udk vkyfwmr[kwfbJeJ@ udk,fvkyfoifhwm
udk vkyfwmjzpfw,f wJh? vGwfvyfa&;
[k qdk&jcif;rSm wdkif;jynfudkom vGwfvyf
a&;&aomfvnf; jynfe,f/ wdkif;&if;om;
tm;vHk;u vGwfvyfr_r&SdonfrSm vuf
awG@vli,fwdk@ cHpm;ae&onfh twdkif;yg?
uJ &Sif;oGm;+yDvm;vli,fwdk@a&? vGwf
vyfa&;wm0efudk rxrf;aqmifcsifaomf
vnf; tem*gwftwGuf wdkif;jynfESifh
jynfoljynfom;rsm;u +idrf;csrf;r_udk vdk
vm;awmifhwae=uojzifh +idrf;csrf;r_&Sd
aom (0g) twkta,mif rygaom vGwf
vyfa&;onf vli,frsm;taejzifh vkyf
oifh vkyfxdkufonfrsm;udk jyKvkyf&ef
aqmf=oazmfusL;&m a&mufraebl;vm;
vli,fwdk@? vli,frsm;twGuf tcsdefr
aESmif;rD ,ckyif pvkyfzdk@&ef jyifqifvdkuf
ayawmh? raemufusa=u;aygh t&yfvl
i,fwdk@a&?
,ae@vli,frsm;taejzifh wdkif;
jynfESifh vlrsKd;+idrf;csrf;+yD; vGwfvyfpGm
aexdkifEdkifa&;twGuf wwwfwtm;
wufupGm yg0ifv_yf&Sm; aqmif&Guf&m
wGif&J&ifhjcif;ESifh a=umuf&GH@jcif; [l
aom pdwftm\Hkudk cGJjcm;odjrifwwf&ef
tvGef ta&;}uD;ayonf? xdk@a=umifh
a';Apfbif *l&D,efu (Courage is the
knowledge of how to fear what to be
feared and how not to fear what
&J&ifhjcif;
qdkonfrSm a=umuf&GH@oifhonfht&mudk
rnfodk@ a=umuf&GH&rnfESifh ra=umuf&GH@
oifhonfh t&mudk rnfodk@ ra=umuf&GH@
&rnfudk oifjyaom todynmjzpf
onf [k qdkxm;ygonf? 'ga=umifh vl
i,frsm;tzdk@ vkyfief;udk taumift
xnfazmfv_yf&Sm;
aqmif&Guf&mwGif
a=umuf&GH@oifhonfht&mESifh ra=umuf&GH@
oifhonfht&mwdk@udk tajccHxm;+yD;&J&ifh
jcif;[laom oWdudk arG;xkwfay;&ef vdk
tyfayonf? odk@rSom vli,frsm;.OD;
aESmufESvHk;xJwGifrnfonfht&mudk
vkyfaqmif&rnfESifh rnfonfht&mudk
vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufonf [laomtawG;
rsm;udef;0yf aernfjzpfonf? (Reach
ought not to be feared.)
high, for stars is lie hidden in your

soul, Dream deep, for every dream
rufaom tem*wfjynfolvlxk. vGwf

vyfa&; yef;wdkifa&Sodk@ jrefqefpGm qdkuf
a&mufaernfrSm oHo,&Sdrnf rxifyg?
tcsdefr&Sdawmhbl;? v_yfomv_yf&Sm;ay
awmh vli,fawG acgif;av;warmharmh
aygh? odk@jzifhwpfckajym&OD;rnf? vkyfief;
wckckjzpfap vkyfaqmifonfh ae&mwGif
vli,frsm;taejzifh trSef qdkonf
xuf trSm; qdkonfu ydk+yD;}uHK}udKuf
jzwfoef;&rnfrSm rvGJraoGyg? pdwfr
avmprf;ygESifh vli,fwdk@a&? uwfo&if;
*a&[rfu trSm;wpfck[m wjcm;jyK
zG,f&mrsm;udk jyKvkyfzdk@ enf;vrf;wpfck
omjzpfygw,f? [k qdkxm;awmh vlqdk
wm trSm;rsm;udk awG@&SdrSom rSef&mudk
odapw,f r[kwfa&mhvm;? jrefrmpum;
yHkwck &Sdao;onf vli,fwdk@? ysuftpOf
jyifc% qdkwmvli,fwdk@ t+rJwrf; o
wd& aernf[k ,Hk=unfygonf?xdk@
a=umifh trSm;udkod&if trSefqdkwmawmh
&Sd&rnf? trSm;wckjyKrd&if trSefwckudk
&SmazGawG@ &Sdovdkaygh vli,fwdk@a&?
q&mawmf OD;aZmwduu vGwfvyf
aompdwf [lonfh acgif;pOfjzifh a&;
om;xm;onfh pmom;wcsKd@wGif Do
you own thinking! udk,fh^m%fESifh
udk,f pOf;pm;yg? Find your own
pathways. udk,fhvrf;udk udk,f&Smyg?
Take the risk! pGef@pm;yg? Without
justice there is no freedom. w&m;r#
wr_r&Sd&if vGwfvyfr_r&Sdbl;? A man
jrifhjrifh rSef;yg/
=u,fav;awGu ESvHk;om;xJrSm udef;
atmif;aew,f? eufeJpGm tdyfrufruf
yg/ pdwful;tdyfrufwdkif; yef;wdkif&J@ a&S
ajy;tjzpf oGm;aew,fwJh? 'Dpum;
vHk;onf txufuazmfjycJhonfh &J&ifh
jcif;ESifh awmfvSefa&; oabmw&m; wdk@
udk aygif;pyfr_ jyKvkdufrnfqdkv#if ,ae@ without a purpose is lost in chaos.
wdkif;&if;om; vli,frsm;. pdwful;tdyf &nfrSef;csuf OD;wnfcsufr&SdwJh ol[m
\_yfaxG;r_xJrSm vrf;aysmufae w,f?
I will never be slave. b,f awmhrS
u|efb0 ta&mufrcHbl;? [k a&;om;
azmfjyxm;onf? Todk@qdkv#if wdkif;&if;
om;vli,frsm; taejzifh trSefw&m;
bufrS &yfwnf+yD; udk,fh^m%fESifh udk,f
pOf;pm;zdk@/ udk,fhvrf;udk udk,f&Smzdk@ESifh pGef@
pm;zdk@awmh vdkonfrSefaomfvnf; wdkif;
jynfESifhjynfoltrsm;b0 om,m0 ajym
precedes the goal.)
August 2011
53
oElxl
r_uakd &S;\_um v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u

G &f m wGif
jynfoltrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif rS
omv#if atmifjrifjzpfxGef;r_ tusKd;udk
&&SdEdkifrnfjzpfonfudk owdrlvdkufprf;yg
ESifh? jynfolomtrd jynfolomtz
qdkovdkaygh? wyfrawmfomtrd wyfr
awmfomtz vdkawmhrvkyfygESifh? Tr#
a&;jy&v#ifjzifh vli,frsm;taeESifh em;
vnf oabmaygufvdrfhrnf[k ,Hk=unf
rdygonf? Union is strength, Freedom
is our duty. pnf;vHk;jcif;onf tiftm;
jzpfovdk vGwfvyfa&;onf usaemfwdk@.
wm0efjzpfonf? qdkonfh pum;&Sdovdk
aumuf\dk;r#if trsm;tjym;onf qif
wpfaumifudk wkyfaESmifxm;Edkifonf?
[lonfh (t*Fvdyfpum;yHk) wpfckvnf;
vli,frsm;tm; jyefvnf owd&apcsif
onf? trsm;ESifhqdkifaomvkyfief;udk vkyf
aqmif&mwGif trsm;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufrSomv#if rdrdwdk@ar#mfrSef;aom
&nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkifudk atmifjrifa&muf
ESifhrnfjzpfonf?
t"durSm wdkif;&if;om; vli,f
rsm; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_udk wnfaqmuf
+yD; udk,fwwfEdkifonfhurStwl,SOfwGJ
I yl;aygif;yg0ifvkyfaqmifoifhonf? apm
apmuyif azmfjyxm;onfh q&mawmf
OD;aZmwdu. a&;om;pmxJwGif &nf
rSef;csuf OD;wnfcsufr&Sdonfh olonf
&_yfaxG;r_xJwGif vrf;aysmufaeonf?
qdkonfh pum;onfvnf; vli,frsm;t
wGuf rSwfom;p&myif? tb,fa=umifh
54
August 2011
qdkaomf usaemfwdk@EdkifiHtwGif; vl@tcGifh

ta&;&&Sda&;ESifh tem*wfzuf'&,fjynf
axmifpkwnfaqmufa&;udk OD;wnf&nf
rSef;+yD; Target Group ypfrSwf tkyfpk
taejzifh r[m0g'udk vufudkifusifhoHk;ae
onfh ppftm%m&Siftkyfpkudkomv#if ypf
rSwfxm;awmfvSef+zdK cGif;&rnfjzpfonf?
xdk@jyif q&mawmf OD;aZmwduu w&m;
r#wr_ r&Sd&if vGwfvyfr_r&Sdbl;[k t
xufrSm azmfjyxm;w,faemf? tm%m
&Siftkyfpk. w&m;r#wr_r&Sdonfh tkyfpdk;r_
atmufwGifwdkif;oljynfom;rsm; twGuf
vGwfvyfr_qdkonfrSm tb,frSm &SdtHh
enf;? jynfwGif;ppfrD;udk zefwD;+yD; wdkif;
&if;om; vlrsKd;tm;vHk;tay: &ef&Smonfh
r[m0g'Dppftm%m&Sifwpfpkonfvm
rnhf&efudk umuG,fjcif;rjyKbJ at;csrf;
pGm aexdkifpm;aomufae=uonfh jynfol
vlxu
k ykd if &ef&mS csi=f u+yD; ppfa&;wGiw
f zH/k
EdkifiHa&;wGif woGifjzifh xdk;cGJowfjzwf
t"Rvk,uf ae=uonfrSm uBmygru
t0Dpdi&Juom odavmuf+yD xifygonf?
q&mawmf OD;aZmwdu. txufua&;
om;pmwpfckjzpfonfh b,fawmhrS u|ef
b0ta&mufrcHbl;? qdkonfh pmwrf;
wpfckyg&Sdonf? wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif KYO
u&ifvli,ftpnf;t\Hk;. aqmifyk'f
wpfckudk usaemfjyefvnfjrifa,mif/ =um;
a,mifrdygonf? aqmifyk'fuawmh u&if
vdk ('k;vDRySD>fuk>fo;o[D.f ol.fxD.funD
p>RoGJ.foD) jzpf+yD; teD;pyfqHk; t"dy`g,fzGifh
qdk&rnfqdkv#if u&ifhrsKd;qufopf wnf
aqmufzdk@/ u|efpdwfudk+zdKcGif;=updk@ [kqdk

&ayrnf?
xdk@a=umifhwdkif;&if;om; vli,f
rsm;tm;vHk; u|efb0udkb,fawmhrS t
a&mufrcHESifh? ppfrSefaom acgif;aqmif
aumif;. pdwftawG;udkarG;+yD; KYO
u&ifvli,ftpnf;t\Hk; aqmifyk'fxJ
uvdk wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm; tm;vHk;
vufcHusifhoHk;&rnfh aqmifyk'fwpfckudk
usaemfay;vkduf&aomf ppfrSefaomt
em*wf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wnf
aqmufzdk@/ u|efpdwfudk+zdcif;=updk@ [k
wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm;twGuf auseyf
ESpfoufvdrfhrnf[k ,Hk=unfrdygonf? t
xufuqdkovdk ppfrSefaom acgif;aqmif
aumif;wOD; ay:xGef;vma&;twGuf
tifrwefrS &Sm;yg;vSonf rSefaomfvnf;
vli,frsm;. udk,fxJwGif acgif;aqmif
pdwf/ acgif;aqmiftawG;rsm; udk,fpD
udk,fiS &Sd=urnfjzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh ,ae@vli,frsm;
u|efpdwfudk azsmufzsufap+yD; ppfrSef
aom wdkif;jynf.tem*wf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufzdk@&eftwGuf
ppfrSefaom acgif;aqmifpdwf/ acgif;
aqmiftawG; rsm;jzifh v_yf&Sm;r_jyK&if;
tem*wfEdkifiHudk OD;aqmifOD;&Guf jyKEdkif
onfhvli,frsm; tqaygif;ru xGef;vif;
aygufajrmufEdkifygapom;?
Taqmif;yg;tm; a&;om;&m
wGif u&ifvlrsKd;rsm; OD;pGmyxr (,ckt
ac: jrefrmEdkifiH) odk@ 0ifa&muf a=umif;ESifh
KYO u&ifvi
l ,f tpnf;t\H;k aqmif
yk'fudk tajccHum a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpf
aomfvnf; wdkif;&if;om;vli,f rsm;.
b0tem*wfukd a&S;\_@azmfusL;onfh t
aejzifh pyf[yfa&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfaom
a=umifh trSm;rsm; ygcJhonf&Sdaomf wdkif;
&if;om; vli,frsm;tm;vHk; cGifhvGwfem;
vnfay;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k
,Hk=unfrdyg
a=umif; t&if;cHapwemjzifh ?
a'ge aevif;

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OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEADQUARTERS

OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEADQUARTERS

KNU Statement on SPDC Parliament & Government

OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEADQUARTERS

OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEADQUARTERS

KNU Statement on New Military Government & Concerns of Ethnic Nationalities

OFFICE OF THE SUPREME HEADQUARTERS

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