အေရးေတာ္ပံု ၄ ေစာင္တြဲ

ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
ta&;awmfyHk(4)apmifwGJ
1974 ar=ZGef tvkyform;ta&;awmfyHk
1974 'DZifbm OD;oefpsmyeta&;awmfyHk
1975 ZGef a&$wd*Hkta&;awmfyHk
1976 rwf r+dif;&mjynfhta&;awmfyHk
rmwdum
-1-
1974 ar-ZGef
tvkyform;ta&;tcif;
&Jabmf0if;xdef
qifrvkdufoabFmusif;wkdufyGJ
oabFmusif;rSm usaemfu tvkyform;aumifpD0ifwOD;jzpfygw,f? tvkyform;xkua&G;cs,f+yD; wifajrmufvkdufwJh
ukd,fpm;vS,fyg? aumifpDuae+yD; usaemfhukd xkwfvkyfa&;twGif;a&;r;/ pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;twGif;a&;r;/ pHjya&G;cs,fa&;
twGif;a&;r;qkd+yD; wm0efoHk;ck ay;ygw,f?
tck VOA rSm vkyfaewJh OD;cspfOD; (37) ESpfqkdwmu usaemfwkd@ aumifpDOuUyg? olu pm&if;ukdifcsKyf? usaemfwkd@
oabFmusif;rSm vc usyf 1200 eJ@ bm;qkH;aeygw,f?
aumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk tywfwkdif;xkdif&w,f? wufa&mufwJholawGxJrSm OD;cspfOD;/ Akdvfr;&J!Gef@/ aumifpDtaxGaxG
twGif;a&;r;/ aemuf Xmeqkdif&m tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,fawG?
qifrvkdufoabFmusif;ukd ,l*kdpvyfu tultnDay;wm/ odef; 650 ukefusw,f? ,l*dkpvyftif*sifeD,mawGeJ@ twl
wltvkyfvkyf&w,f? v#yfppfeJ@ywfoufwJh taemuf*smreD v#yfppfqD;rif;ukr`%D &Sdw,f? wyfqifxm;wJhpufawGu ta&S
*smr%DupufawG? pufkHxJrSm oabFmvGef;vrf;awG/ oabFmukd wae&mu wae&mul;ajymif;ay;wJh Transmitter
a&uef}uD;awG/ oabFmwnfaqmufa&;pufHk tvkyfHkawGaygif;pkH/ Xmeaygif;pkH&Sdygw,f? tvkyform;awGqkdwmuvnf; rsm;
aomtm;jzifh ukd;wef; q,fwef;orm;awG tvkyform;aygif; 1000 cef@&Sdw,f?
usaemfwkd@taeeJ@ wefcsdefokH;axmif&SdwJh ar,koabFmutp &efrsKd;atmifppfoabFmtxd ukef;ay:wif}u&w,f? Five
Stars u jynfawmf!Gef@oabFmvnf; wif&wmyJ? vkyf&wJhtvkyfu twwfynmjrifhw,f? wcsKd@tvkyfawGu odyfyifyef;
w,f? bma}umifhvJqkdawm@ pufeJ@vkyf&r,f@[mawGukd vltm;eJ@vkyfae&vkd@jzpfw,f? Oyrmqkdygawm/h wef0ufavmuf
av;wJh[mqkd&if csdef;bavmufeJ@ r&rSmjzpfayr,f@ vl 4-5 a,mufeJ@rae&awmh vlawG[m ta}umtjcifawG jyKwfxGuf
ukef+yDvm; cHpm;&w,f? aemuf oabFmyefum}uD;awG jzKwfwJhtcg 12 aygifwl}uD;eJ@ wtm;v$J,v$Jkduf+yD; zwf}u&wm/
ar,kyefumqkd&if 2 wef 3 wefavmufav;w,f? tJ'g}uD;ukd csdef;bavmufeJ@jzKwf/ wleJ@kduf&wJh tvkyform;awG[m
waygif; wefcl; aeyl}uD;xJrSm pOf;pm;om}unfhyg? oabFm0rf;xJ av;zufaxmuf0if+yD; &ypf (Rivet) kduf&wJhtcgrsKd;qkd&if
aocsifapmfeHw,f? 'gayrJh &wJhvcusawmh odyfenf;w,f?
usaemfwkd@aumifpDu vlawG[m &efukefwkdif;rSm&SdwJh pufHktvkyfHkawGukd r}umr}um avhvmcGifh&ygw,f? bDyDtkdif/
*kefeDpufHk/ orkdif;csnfr#ifeJ@ txnfpufHk ponfjzifha&mufzl;w,f? 'Dtay:u usaemfwkd@tvkyform;awG E_dif;,SOf+yD;
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ponf axmifhaygif;pkHu=unfhygw,f?
OyrmbDyDtkdif (aq;0g;pufHk) rSmqkd&if uav;xdef;Xme&Sdw,f? pnf;urf;owfrSwfr_jrifhw,f? tcef;xJ0if&if bdeyf
cwf0if/ ykd;owfxm;wJh0wfpkHawG vJ+yD;rS0if&wmrsKd;?
avhvma&;u jyefvm&if aumifpDtpnf;ta0; xkdif&w,f? xkwfvkyfa&; b,fvkdwkd;atmifvkyf&rvJ aqG;aEG;}uw,f?
'Dae&mrSm rqvacwft&m&Sd}uD;awGeJ@ olwkd@vnfywfaewJh ,EW&m;}uD;ta}umif;ukd rdrdeJ@qufpyfaewJhtydkif;uae+yD;
ajymcsifw,f?
wa,mufu Akdvfr;}uD;wifpkd;/ o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;rSm OD;omausmf+yD;&if olyJ? olu 'DrSm udk0if;xdef/ cifAsm;odwJh
twkdif; usaemf[m tpkd;&t}uD;wef;t&m&Sdjzpfw,f? 'gayrJh usaemf bmrSvkyfvkd@r&bl; wJh?
tJ'D aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rSmyJ usaemfu xkwfvkyfa&;rSm M 6 vkH;vkd@ ajym}uw,f? man vl/ machine pufu&d
,m/ market aps;uGuf/ money qkdwJh ykdufqH/ method enf;ynmeJ@ management ac:wJh pDrHcef@cGJr_? usaemfwkd@pufHkrSm
acwfrDSzkd@qkd&if usaemfwkd@tvkyform;tm;vkH;ukd twwfynmjrifh&r,f? pufHkukd acwfrDzkd@ M 6vkH; wyfqif&r,f? usaemf
wkd@ odyfyifyef;aew,f? vpmuenf;w,f/ tm[m&urvkdufEdkif/ cGeftm;vnf;r&Sd/ acwfuvnf;rrDawmh u&def;eJ@vkyf&r,fh
[mukd vlawGeJ@ r,ae&w,f? 'ga}umifh M 6vkH; udpP tjrefpOf;pm;ay;}uyg vkd@ajymvkdufw,f?
'kAkdvfr;}uD;!Gef@atmif qkdwm&Sdw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u olu &efvkH;atmifppfa&,mOf&J C.O jzpfw,f? Akdvfae0if; pmwkduf
}uD;pma&;vkyfaepOfu ol@ukdxdef;ay;&wmqkdawmh b,fol@rS*krpkdufbl;? ol@txufu AkdvfcsKyfaomif;wifvm&ifvnf;
salute ray;bl;? rjrifcsifa,mifaqmifaewm? usaemfwkd@&@J taxGaxGrefae*smu OD;rsKd;cifqkdwJh &cdkifukvm;}uD;/ olu puf
-2-
Hkukd odyfzGH@zd;apcsifw,f? odyfwkd;wufapcsifw,f? tvkyform;awG&Jb0udk aumif;apcsifw,f? 'gudkodwJhtcg ol@ txuf

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awmfrsm;rsm;u ol@udk bk&m;rxl;&Hkwr,fyJ?
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a,bk,stm;jzifh cif}uw,f? t&m&Sda&m wyfom;awGyg cif}uw,f? b0t&ukd rcifvkd@rjzpfbl;? vl 200-300 avmufpD;
wJh/ wefcsdef 3000 avmuf&SdwJhppfoabFm}uD; yifv,fxJoGm;wJhtcg tvkyform;awG vkyfay;vkdufwm raooyf&if vkd&m
ra&muf ao&Gma&mufoGm;Edkifw,f? oabFmaygufqif;&if usaemfvufrSwfxkd;rS xGufcGifh&wmqkdawmh usaemhfukdta&;ay;
ygw,f?
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twGufxkd;ay;&wmyg? usaemf tvkyform;awGeJ@ twlxkd; twlpm;aecJhw,f/ oabFmusif;rSm pm}unfhwkdufzGifhw,f/ twl
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bufu rD;&xm;tvkyform;awG tif;pdefbuf csDwufoGm;}u+yD qkdwJhowif;}um;ae}u&+yD?
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vkdufw,f? tvkyform;awG wajzmajzma&muf&SdvmcsdefrSmawmh usaemfu pm;yGJwvkH;ay:wuf&yfvkduf+yD; oydwf oydwf
vkd@wkdifvkdufwmeJ@ arSmuf arSmuf qkdwJhtoH}uD;u wkef[D;xGufay:vmw,f? aemufawmh wjcm;pufHkawGbuf
csDwuf}uw,f? 0,f'ga&Sm@ (Weldershop) bufa&mufawmh &Jabmftvkyform;taygi;f wkd@/ 'kd@&JtcGifhta&;awGukd&zkd@
wkdufyGJ0if}ur,f? 'DtwGuf 'kd@ tvkyfrvkyf}uawmhbl;? pufHkawGydwfr,f vkd@ a}unmvkdufw,f? &Jabmfbefa&$u tvkyf
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vkdufw,f?
&Jabmfbefa$OD;aqmif+yD; tvkyform;awGu a'gufum (Docker) bufukdxGufoGm;}uw,f? &Jabmfbefa&$[m u&def;
ay:wufvkduf+yD; tvkyform;&Jabmftaygif;wkd@/ cktcsdefrSm usaemfwkd@tvkyform;awG&J tcGifhta&;ukd awmif;qkdr,f? &
atmifawmif;qkdr,f? EGm;arG;&if jrufau|;&r,f? vlarG;&if qefay;&r,f vkd@ a[majymw,f? tvkyform;xk}uD;u
'kd@ta&; 'kd@ ta&; vkd@ auG;a}umf}uw,f?
tJ'DvkdeJ@ usaemfwkd@wawG t,fvufx&Du,fa&Sm@/ r&Sif;a&Sm@/ &SpfbDvf'if (shipbulding)/ aemuf 0,f'ifa&Sm@/
umyifwm (Carpenter)/ abmf'D (Body) a&Smh/ tif*sif&DyJ&m;a&Smh (engine repair shop)/ 0ef}uD;Hk; (TLC)/ OD;omausmfHk;
(oabFmusif;xJrSmyJokH;w,f) awGbuf vSnfhvnf}uw,f?
tJ'Dae@u OD;omausmfrvmbl;? olu tv,fxyfrSmaew,f? 0ef}uD;Hk;rSm trsKd;om; trsKd;orD;0efxrf;awG &Sdw,f?
olwkd@ukd usaemfuajymw,f? oabFmusif;wckvkH;ukd tvkyform;awGodrf;vkduf+yD? tJ'Dawmh cifAsm;wkd@ tvkyform;awG
eJvufwGJ+yD; oydwfarSmufyg? twlwuG usaemfwkd@tcGifhta&;awGudk awmif;qkd}ur,f? r&rcsif;awmif;rSmjzpfw,f? cifAsm;
wkd@ tvkyfrqif;}uygeJ@ vkd@?
olwdk@wkH@jyefr_u aumif;ygw,f? tvkyfrqif;}uygbl;? tJ'Duae aq;cef;xJoGm;w,f? a'gufwmpDpDeJ@ em@pfrav;
wifwifrl &Sdw,f? olwkd@ESpfa,mufvkH; tvkyform;awGeJ@cifw,f? apwemvnf;aumif;}uw,f? aq;ay;vnf; &ufa&m
-3-
w,f? wufx&mqkdufuvif;qkd vufwckyf}uD;ay;wm? olwkd@u tdrfjyefzkd@jyifae}u+yD? usaemfu tvkyform;awGukd ypf

roGm;zkd@/ twlvufwGJwkdufzkd@ awmif;yefygw,f? olwkd@vnf; tvkyform;awGukd pmem+yD; rsuf&nf0kdif;vm}uw,f? aemuf
awmh twlvufwGJwdkufzkd@ oEMdmefcs}uw,f?
tvkyform;&JabmfawGu usaemfhqD a&mufvm}uw,f? &Jabmf0if;xdef/ wcsKd@t&m&SdawG oydwfukdzdcGJzkd@ ud;pm;ae
w,f? tJ'Dawmh usaemfwkd@ bmvkyfrvJ/ kduf}urSmvm;vkd@ ajymwmeJ@ [m/ rvkyf}uygeJ@/ xdef;odrf;xm;yg? 'DrSmHk;zGifhxm;
wmyJ/ 'Dudkac:cJhyg qkdawmh/ r}umcif aumifpDOuUOD;cspfOD;/ 'kOuUOD;tkef;armif/ aemuf twGif;a&;r;ukdvSjrifhygvmw,f?
olwkd@rsufESmawGvnf; raumif;}ubl;? usaemfu OD;rsKd;xGfwkd@/ OD;cspfOD;wkd@cifAsm;? pdwfr&SdygeJ@/ vkHcHa&;twGuf ac:&wmyg?
usaemfwkd@ukd ,kHapcsifw,f? cifAsm;wkd@udkrowfygbl;? ckvkdtjyifrSmvkyfaewmudk tvkyform;awGu cifAsm;wkd@tay:
oHo,jzpfaew,f? 'ga}umifh vkHcHa&;tcef;rSmae}uyg vkd@ajym+yD; xdef;xm;vkduf&ygw,f? vkHcHa&;aomhawGtyg aomh
tm;vkH;ukd usaemfukdifxm;ygw,f?
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ukdbefa&$/ t}uHay;ukdwifjrifh ponf wm0efay;}uw,f? OuUtaeeJ@ tkwfwkdifwwkdifay:wuf rkdufukdzkef;ukdif+yD; rdef@cGef;
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c%c% "mwfvkdufcH&wmwkd@ bmwkd@jzpfukefw,f?
qdkcsifwmu vkyfief;cGif[m tEW&m,fruif;bl;? tEW&m,fuif;atmif &Jabmfwkd@ awmif;qkd}u&vdrfhr,f? aemufwck
&Jabmfwkd@ tvkyfqif;wJhtcg 7 em&DcGJ a&mufvmEdkifzkd@ 6 em&Duwnf;u tdrfuxGuf&w,f? rkd;csKyfrStdrfjyefa&mufw,f?
tcsdefawG trsm;}uD;ukefoGm;+yD? waeukef tvkyfxJrSmyJ epfae}u&w,f? &wJhvpmuodyfenf;w,f? 'ga}umihf 'DrSm tcef;
&zkd@ vkdvm+yD? tdrfcef;&zkd@ awmif; qkd&r,f?
tkdAmwkdifudpPvnf; ajym&r,f? tkdAmwkdifukd wv 27 em&DyJ vkyfcGifh&Sdw,f? 'kd@ vufawG@vkyfay;}u&wmu em&D 100
ausmfw,f? em&DausmfawG[m a';atmhzf (dayoff) eJ@yJjyef&w,f? qkdcsifwmu tkdAmwkdifvkyfc tjynfhr&bl;? &wJhvpmu
odyfenf;? wcsKd@us bm;qkH;ae+yD? ykdrkd;&Sif; wifay;oifh+yD? csKyfvkduf&if vkyfcawGodyfenf;w,f? tkdAmwkdif wtm; vkyfae&
w,f? vkyfief;cGifuvnf; tEW&m,f}uD;rm;w,f? 'ga}umifh 'gawGtwGuf 'kd@wkduf}ur,f? qefvakH vmufpGm&zkd@ awmif;qkd&
r,f? vpmwkd;ay;zkd@/ &mxl;wdk;ay;zkd@/ aetdrf&&Sdzkd@/ ukefaps;E_ef;usqif;zkd@awGvnf; awmif;qkd}u&r,f?
aemufawmh usaemfu auG;a}umfoH wkdifay;vkdufygw,f?
qefvkHavmufpGm&&Sda&; ('kd@ta&;/ 'kd@ta&;)
ukefaps;E_ef;usqif;a&;
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aetdrf&&Sda&;
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vkyfief;cGiftEW&m,fuif;a&; ( ? )
vpmwkd;jrifha&;
( ? )
aemufwqufwnf; oabFmusif;rSm&SdwJh a&wyfukdvnf; xyf+yD;awmh yef}um;&w,f? 'Dtcsdefu a'gufwifxm;wJh
a&wyfoabFm 5 pif;&Sdw,f?
&efvkH;atmif/ &efrsKd;atmif/ okawoD/ e*g;a=u;/ e0&wf oabFmay:u wyfr;wyfom;taygif;wkd@/ &Jabmfwkd@udk usaemf
wdk@ tdrfjyefcGifhray;awmhbl;vkd@ vnf;a}unmvkdufw,f? (usaemfu }um;jzwf+yD; &JabmfawGukdar;vkdufw,f?)
ar;? ? a'gufwifaewJhtcsdef oabFmay:rSm pwif;bkdif (standby) vm;?
-4-
ajz? ? olwkd@bmom vkyfae}uwmyJ/ kd;kd;ae}uwmayg@? tdrfrSmaeovkdae}uwmyJ?

ar;? ? olwkd@u oabFm}uD;xm;cJ@+yD; urf;ay:wufwm&Sdovm;?
ajz? ? r&Sdbl;av?
'Dae&mrSm ajymzkd@vkdwmu oabFmwpD;rSm wyfcGJwcJG&Sdw,f? 5 pD;qkd 5 cGJ&Sdw,f? wpD; wpD;ukd 'kAkdvfr;}uD; (C.O)
odk@r[kwf Akdvfr;wa,muf tkyfcsKyfw,f?
okawoDoabFmu t0gqkdufprpf (Seismic) / 'Daumifu wefzkd;odyf}uD;w,f? tJ'DacwfaiGaps;eJ@ukd odef; 50-60
avmufay;&w,f? &efrsKd;atmifu pwD;oabFm/ 'kwd,urBmppfwkef;u r[ma&,mOf ('kAkdvfr;}uD; tkyfcsKyfw,f)/ &efrsKd;
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rqv vkyfcsifovkdvkyfaewmuwykdif;yJ? *ufpwifem (Gestener) eJ@kduf+yD;;a0iSw,f?
aemuf rdef;cvkwf&Sd&m w,fvDzkef;Hk;rSm usaemfoGm;xkdifw,f? pufHktoD;oD;ukd qufoG,f}unfhw,f? usaemfwkd@pufHk
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ajymwmukd vufcHoGm;w,f? aemuf trSwf 1-2 opfpufawGu ukd,fpm;vS,fawG a&mufvmw,f? aqG;aEG;}uw,f?
b0wltvkyform; tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;}uw,f? usaemfwkd@uvnf; qufom;ukd,fpm;vS,f v$wfaqG;aEG;wmawG&Sdw,f?
qufv$wfzkd@ jyifaepOf pufHkaygif;pkHu tvkyform;awG a&mufvmjyefw,f? olwkd@cHpm;csufawG &ifzGifh}uw,f? orkdif;
csnfr#if/ *kefeDpufHku tvkyform;awG a&mufvm+yD; a[majym}u/ &ifzGifh}uwkdif; 'kd@ta&; 'kd@ta&; axmufcHoHawGeJ@
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qkdawmh bmrsm;vJ/ ulnDwmayg@ vkd@ajymw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefu usaemfwkd@XmerSm a&wyfuvmwnfay;xm;wJh v#yfppfXme

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vm&w,f? aemufxyfqkH;&_H;r_}uD;wck&Sdao;w,f? ckvkd awmif;qkdvm}u+yD;rS awmif;qkdcsuf bmrSr&bJeJ@ usaemfwkd@oydwf

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u usaemfwkd@udk aoewfawGeJ@csdefxm;vkduf=uw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm usaemfu Akdvfr;&J!Gef@vufukdvdrfvdkuf+yD; cifAsm;wkd@
awG@csifwJh Akdvfr;&J!Gef@qkdwm a[m'DrSmyJ? tJ'Dawmh ol@udkvkdcsif&if usaemfwkd@awmif;qkdcsufawGudk vkdufavsmyg? csufcsif;
jyefv$wfay;r,f? usaemfwkd@awmif;qkdaewmrSm tvkyform;awGeJ@ vkyfom;jynfolw&yfvkH;twGuf ukefaps;E_ef;usqif;a&;/
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w,f? cifAsm;wkd@qDu tm%mukdvkaewmr[kwfbl;? tJ'Dawmh usaemfwkd@udkwdkufr,fh aoewfajymif;awGukd wae&mukd
vSnfhvkdufyg?
-7-
ppfwyfbufu t&m&Sd}uD;taygif;wkd/@ usaemfwkd@ukd rwkdufygeJ@? cifAsm;wkd@wkduf&rSmu wae&mjzpfw,f? usaemfwdk@[m

vkyfom;jynfolw&yfvkH;twGuf awmif;qdkaewmjzpfw,f? usaemfwkd@[m qkd&S,fvpfpepfukd wnfaqmufaewmjzpfw,f?
tvkyform;vlwef;pm;[m qkd&S,fvpfpepfukd b,fawmhrSopPmrazmufbl;? qkd&S,fvpfpepftwGuf tvkyform; vlwef;
pm;u tckwdkufyGJ0ifaewmjzpfw,f?
('Dtcsdef aemufuae xyfkdufvmwJh yef;zvufawG vmykd@vkd@zwf=unfhvdkufawmh qkd&S,fvpfacwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;
atmif&rnf? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;wifOD; oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygap qdkwmawGygw,f? xdyfarGukdufcHae&csdefrSm a&mufvmwm
jzpfvkd@ 'Dtwkdif;xm;vdkuf+yD;)
tJ'Dawmh ppfwyfu wyfr;wyfom;taygif;wdk@/ cifAsm;wkd@ wyfudkjyefoGm;=uyg? usaemfwdk@[m qkd&S,fvpfpepfukd wnf
aqmufaewJhtwGuf qkd&S,fvpfpepf&J&efolr[kwfbl;? aemufjyefqkwf=uyg? 6-&ufnwnvkH; tjyeftvSefajymvm
vkduf=uwm 7-&uf eHeuf 4-em&Dxkd;awmh rD;usnfwvkH; aumif;uifukd azG;ueJxkd;wufvmw,f? usaemfwkd@rSm &nf&G,f
csufwck&Sdw,f? wnvkH;tcsdefqGJxm;+yD; rkd;vif;wmeJ@ &efukefw+rKd@vkH;rSm&SdwJhpufkHawG xyf+yD;aqG;aEG;zkd@vkdw,f? 'ga=umifh
usaemfu Akdvfr;&J!Gef@udk cifAsm;wkd@qD usaemfjyeftyfr,f? cifAsm;wkd@u aoewfajymif;awG wae&mvSnfhvdkufygvkd@ vSrf;
ajymvkdufw,f? Akdvfr;&J!Gef@u zkdk;0if;xdef/ ppfwyfuawmh wu,fypfawmhr,f? udk,fhukd armif&ifwkd@ tav#mhay;vdkufygvkd@
cyftkyftkyfajymw,f? Akdvfr;&J!Gef@/ cifAsm;vnf;usnfqHwawmifh usaemfvnf;usnfqHwawmifhyJ? ao&ifawmh twlao
=urSmyJ? tJ'ga=umifh cifAsm;taeeJ@ vkyfom;jynfolawGtay:rSm wu,foHa,mZOf&Sd&if/ wu,fopPm&Sd&if rypfygeJ@vkd@
ppfwyfudk rkdufukdzkef;eJ@ ajymay;ygqkd+yD; rkdufukdzkef;xkd;ay;vkdufw,f?
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rajymbl; wJh? 'Dawmh usaemfu Akdvfr_;/ cifAsm;uvnf; wyfrawmfudkopPm&Sdw,f? usaemfuvnf; tvkyform;awGtay:
rSmopPm&Sdw,f/ jynfolay:rSmopPm&Sdw,f? tJ'Dawmh ESpfa,mufao,ao=uwmaygh? wa,mufusnfqHwawmifhpDeJ@vkd@ ajym
&if;eJ@ jyefqkwfcJhw,f? 'Dtcsdef OD;jr[efeJ@ udkausmf}uD;cif vmajymjyefw,f? ppfwyfuwufvm+yD? urf;ajcuaewufvmwm
jzpfw,fwJh? wcsKd@&JabmfawGrvnf; bmvkyf&rvJ vmar;=uw,f? bmrSrvkyfeJ@/ 'Dtwkdif;awmif;qkd}ur,f? bmrSrvkyfeJ@/
bmukdrSrvkyfeJ@vkd@ trdef@ay;vkdufw,f? 'Dtcsdef zswfceJowd&vkdufwm&Sdw,f? b,fvkdwkH@jyefrvJ? usaemhfvufxJrSm
oabFmusif;wckvkH;u aomhawG&Sdw,f? yg0gpaw&Sifukd azmufcGJvkd@&w,f? oabFmusif; a&vkHusif;ua&awG azmufxkwf
vkdufvkd@&Sd&if oabFmawGysufoGm;Edkifw,f? *rf;xkd;arSmufckHjzpfoGm;r,f? 'DrSma&wyfppfoabFmawGuvnf; &Sdaew,f?
oabFmusif;jymusoGm;atmif vkyfEdkifw,f? &yfuGufxJrSm&SdwJhjynfolawGvnf; jymuswJhtxJygoGm;Edkifw,f? 'Dtcsdef
uGrf;jcH&yfuGufwckvkH; ppfwyfu0kdif;xm;+yD;+yD/ tajctaeawGu tJ'Dvkd&Sdw,f? udkausmf}uD;cifu aemufrSm uGefrif'kdwyf
awG a&mufvm+yDvkd@ owday;w,f? uJAkdvfr;=um;wJhtwkdif;yJ? usKyfwkd@uawmh taocH+yD;wkduf&awmhr,f? 'Dawmh Akdvfr;
&J!Gef@vufudkvdrfvdkuf+yD; oleJ@twljyefoGm;cJhw,f? uGefrif'kdwyfvmr,fhae&mukd OD;wnfvkdufw,f? a&S@a&mufoGm;wmeJ@
pypf+yD? Akdvfr;&J!Gef@ukd ay; ay; vkd@vnf; yg;pyfuatmfawmif;w,f? a[h tvkyform;awG rif;wkd@qefr&bl;? a[m'gyJ
&r,fuGvkd@ vnf;uH;0g;w,f? ajymajymypfypf vkyf=uw,f? bufeuf (v#HpGyf)awGeJ@ wufxkd;w,f? tvkyform;&JabmfawG
[m taxG;vkdufvJusukefw,f? wcsKd@a&uefxJusw,f? 'Dtcsdef Akdvfr;&J!Gef@u &J!Gef@qkdwmusaemfyJ atmf+yD;kef;w,f?
usaemfuvnf; v$wfay;vkdufygw,f? vufxJuygoGm;wJhtcg a[h &J!Gef@&+yDa[h ayghaemf? rkd;uvif;aeyg+yD? vrf;ay:u
aoG;awGuawmh apG;apG;eDaeygw,f? aoG;cJawG aoG;pD;a=umif;awG? &JabmfwcsKd@ *sDo&D;usnfqH azmufxGufoGm;vkd@ ajc
axmufrSm taygufawGeJ@? &Jabmfoef;atmifqkd&if yg;pyf}uD;jywfxGufoGm;+yD; v#m[m uyfaus;eJ@nyfxm;ovkdyJ? o,fEdkif
oavmuf &JabmfawGukd ayG@ayG@+yD;awmh aq;cef;xJoGif;&w,f?
a'gufwmpDpDuvnf; rsuf&nfawGeJ@ idkae&Smw,f? a'gufwmpDpDeJ@ wifwifrlwkd@ awmf&Smygw,f? vlem&JabmfawGukd
aq;xkd;ay; ywfwD;pD;ay;ygw,f? '%f&m&&JabmfawGqkdwm trsm;}uD;? ukwifay:rSmrqef@vdk@ }urf;cif;ay:rSmcsxm;&w,f?
&Jabmfwifarmif/ olu pum;rajymEdkifawmhbl;? olurD;owfpufukdEdk;aewkef; aemufuae *sDo&D;eJ@ypfvkd@ ptkdxJ usnfqH
0ifoGm;w,f? ol@em;oGm;awmh r&awmhbl;ayghaemf/ vufcgjyw,f? tvm;wl &Jabmfoef;atmifuvnf; acgif;cgjy&Smw,f?
&Jabmfbzl;uawmh em;xifudkv#HpGyfeJ@ txkd;cHxm;&vkd@ yg;pyfuaoG;awG AGufueJ AGufueJ tefusaeygw,f? 'Dvkdav#muf
=unfhtm;ay;aepOf &JabmfawGu usaemfhukdajy;ckdif;ae=uw,f?
usaemfu &Jabmfwkd@/ usaemf &Jabmfwkd@eJ@twl taocHr,f? jy\emawGukd usaemf&Sif;r,f? b,fawmhrS &Jabmfwkd@udk
rpGef@cGmbl;? tJ'Dawmh &Jabmfwkd@eJ@twl usaemf&Sdr,f? ud;pifukd usaemfwufoGm;r,f? &Jabmfwdk@tay:rSm xm0pOf opPm&Sd
r,f? &Jabmfwkd@udk b,fawmhrS opPmrazmufbl;vdk@ ajymaecsdefrSmyJ ppfwyfuuy`wdefwa,muf tcef;xJa&mufvm+yD; a[h/
0if;xdef qkd+yD;awmh *sDo&D;eJ@vSrf;axmufxm;w,f? aemufawmh usaemfhukdvufajrmufckdif;+yD; tjyifudkac:xkwfoGm;w,f?
-8-
oydwfvrf;r}uD;rSm aoG;awG aoG;cJawG trsm;}uD;ygyJ? tJ'Dvrf;ay:rSm uGefrif'kdAkdvf}uD;jzpfolu usaemfhudkaqmifha=umifh

xkdifckdif;w,f? rif;ighudkypfcsifypfav? iguawmh xkdifp&mrvkdbl;? igw&m;cHr[kwfbl;? rif;wkd@w&m;cHyJ? ypfvkdufprf;yg ajymrS
'Daumifu usaemfhukd OD;cspfOD;wkd@/ OD;tkef;armifwkd@/ OD;xGef;&Dwkd@ukd usaemfcsKyfxm;wJhtcef;xJ jyefxnfhw,f? OD;cspfOD;u
usaemfhqDu aomhawGawmif;w,f? olu &JabmfawGawmh tawmfrsm;rsm;usukef+yD/ udk0if;xdef vdk@vnf;ajymw,f? olukd
aomhtm;vkH;ay;vkdufygw,f?
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ukd zGifhcsypfvkdufw,f? aemufrdef;*dwf}uD;ukd zGifhjyefw,f? 'Dtcsdef wkdif;r; vkd@,lq&olwa,muf rmpD'D;um;}uD;eJ@ oabFm
usif;xJ 0ifa&mufvmw,f? tvkyform;awG&J aoG;awGay:eif;+yD; ppfom;awGu oGm;vmae=uw,f? 7-em&DavmufrSm
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aemufwae@
atmiftwdwf (pdwfynm)
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aemufykdif; eHeuf 6;00 em&DavmufrSmawmh toHrsm; wdwfqdwfoGm;ygawmhonf?
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pdwfr0ifpm;=u?
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rsufESmxm;wnfwnfav;awG jzpfae=uonf? wckckawmh xyf+yD;jzpfOD;rnf xif=uonf? ausmif;rydwfv#ifawmh aocsmyg+yD
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'Dta=umif;awG ajymjzpfOD;rnfxifygonf? eHeufzefvnf; bmjzpfOD;rnfrod?
tJh'Dae@ nbuf 9;30 ausmfausmfavmufrSm?
urm&Gwf*wfbufut0if OD;cspfvufzuf&nfqkdifem;a&mufawmh ausmif;om;wpku cGyfa'gif;tvHxkwf+yD; atmfvm
=uonf? 'kd@ausmif;om;awG 'DvkdyJ=unfhae=uawmhrSmvm;? tvkyform;awGeJ@ yl;aygif;=ur,f? rif;wkd@ taqmifawGu
qif;cJh=uyg? rif;wkd@ a=umufae+yDvm; qkdwJh toHawGxGufvmw,f? atmf+yD;ajym=uw,f? pkpkaygif;ausmif;om;t&G,f
(30) avmuf&Sdrnfxifygonf? usaemfwkd@u zkdife,f&D;,m; aemufqkH;ESpform;awGrkd@ tay:qkH;xyfu atmufukdikH@=unfh
aerdygonf? atmufxyfokd@qif;vmawmh avScg;xdyfrSm&yfae=uwJh q&mawG awG@ygonf? q&mrsm;. rsufESmrSmawmh pkd;&drf
onfht&dyfuav;rsm; awG@ae&onf? ukd,f&Sdefowfvkdufonf? atmufqkH;avSum;ukd iHk@=unfhvkdufawmh napmifh
ukdwif=unfu atmufqkH;avScg;xpfeJ@uG,f+yD;&yfaeonf? taqmif0wHcg;}uD;ukdawmh aomhcwfxm;vkduf+yDjzpfygonf?
-9-
olwkd@u oHbm*smwHcg;}uD;ukdqGJzGifh=uonf? ydifwl vltkyf}uD;tm;ESifhrkd@ wHcg;}uD;yGifhoGm;onf? taqmifxJukd ausmif;

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q&mwcsKd@u &yfae=uonf?
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oDcsif;wyk'fukd xkd;vkdufw,f? wa,moHoufoufygyJ? wwDwd wDwD wd wJh wJh wJh w,f wDwJh w,f
w,f atmf/ rdrdodvkdufygonf? pkd;}uD; cHpm;csufawGaygufuGJaeyg+yD? ol@oHpOfukd usaemfzwfrdvkdufonf? igwkd@
Armjynf0,f rdbwkdif;uuG,f Akdvfatmifqef;vkd ol&Jaumif;awG arG;&r,f?
ol@ wa,moHukdepfarsm&if; &ifqkd@rsuf&nfusrdonf? ESpfcgxyfem;axmif+yD;awmhrS vm/ pkd;}uD;? jyefr,fuGm/ ig
yJcl;jyefr,f? rif;vkdufcJhOD;rvm;? igawmh &efukefu oli,fcsif;tdrfrSmyJ aecJhawmhr,f? rif;wkd@ jyef=uawmhuGm awmuf
wJh?
igodygw,f? owWda=umifwJhpm&if;xJrSm ighukdwkd@xm;vkdufyg? wauG@auG@awmhuH&ifav [k rdrdpdwfxJrSmyJ wif;xm;
cJhonf? qufrajymbJ tay:xyfjyefwufcJhonf?
ausmif;vnf; oHk;vvm;/ av;vvm; ydwfoGm;+yD[kod&onf? txkyfawGjyif+yD;awmh taqmifay:u cyfokwfokwf
qif;vmcJhonf? ysufpD;oGm;wJh wHcg;}uD;vnf; vdrfaumufaevkd@? taqmifvnf; vSnfhr=unfhawmh+yD? wa,moHvnf; a0;
a0;usefcJh+yD? tJ'Dwkef;u AdkvfatmifausmfaecJhwJhtcef;rSmaecJhwJh owWda=umifwJh pdwfynmausmif;om;wa,mufav?
atmiftwdwf (pdwfynm)
ESpf (30) qdkonfrSmvnf;

armifarmifwdwf (ABSDF)
- 10 -
olay;zwfaomrSwfwrf;udk =unfhrd&if; wOD;csif;wa,mufcsif;. yHk&dyfrsm;udk vSpfueJvSpfueJ jyefawG;rd&if;ESifh ?

tdk c%av;vdkygvm;? rae@wae@uvdkygvm;? 'gawG[m tdyfrufawGr[kwf/ edrdwfyHkawGr[kwf? yuwd? yDbd?
olajymovdk olu'DESpftwGif;rSmyJ xGufcJhovdk/ 'DtvkyfawGudkyJ wufuGxufoefpGmeJ@ vkyfaeqJrdk@?
'dk@usefcJhwJh (52) OD;udk tawmfav;pkxm;&w,f? wcsKd@u EdkifiHjcm;a&mufukef+yD/ wcsKd@ujynfwGif;rSm? wcsKd@u awmfvSef
a&;e,fajrxJrSm? &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;/ wdkufwdu
k fqdkifqdkif/ wdk@ (3) a,mufuawmh 'DxJrSm&Sdae=uav&J@wJh? tif; wcsKd@uawmh
uG,fvGefoGm;=u+yD?
olajymovdkygyJ? ol[musaemfwdk@xJrSm toufti,fqHk;? axmifusumpuqdk&if usaemfwdk@b0awGuwqpfcsKd;rdk@
rsufESmav;awGraumif;=u? wuUodkvf0if;xJu csufjcif;axmifxJa&muf axmifuscJhjcif;jzpfonf? tJh'Dwkef;u olu oDcsif;
qdkjyonf? tqdkaumif;/ tuaumif;yif? ZmwfxJvdkufzdk@aumif;a=umif;vnf; ajymjzpf=uonf? oluusaemfwdk@udk yH;wm
&,fwm jrifcsifvdk@wJh ?
,ck ol ti,fqHk;yif touf (50) jynfhawmhrnf? awG;rd&if; usaemfhkyfudkvnf; jyefjrifrdonf? E_wfcrf;ar$;/
rkwfqdwfar$;/ em;o,far$;wdk@yif jzLae=u+yD? acgif;rSmawmh =umqHacsmif;av;rsm;u uGuf=um;=um;&Sdae+yD?
'Dtjzpftysufordkif;udkawmh yg0ifywfoufonfholrsm;u a&;=uygrnf? 'Dtjzpftysufv_yf&Sm;rsm;u udwifaqmif&Guf
xm;=uonfr[kwfyg? 'Dvdkjzpfvmvdrfhrnf[kvnf; xif=urnfr[kwf?
tJ'DZifbm (1) &ufae@nbufrSmawmh usaemfwdk@ (5) OD;qHkrd=uonf? tif;vsm;aqmifutjyef tif;0aqmifa&S@rSm

xdkif+yD;awmh ajymjzpf=uonf? pdk;}uD; (&[dkif;ul;wdk@&Gm- pdwfynmwwd,ESpfausmif;om;) up+yD;ajymjzpfonf?
'dk@qDudk OD;oef@tavmif;}uD;a&mufvm+yD? 'dk@wm0efvnf;jzpfw,f? 'dk@bmvkyf=urvJ/ 'g[m EdkifiHa&;toGifeJ@awmh
qdkifvSwmr[kwfbl;?
udkaomif;at;/ apmvSaiG/ udkjrifh[efeJ@ usaemfwdk@u ai;+yD;=unfhaeygonf? 'l;,m;pD;u&ufav; raomufwwf
aomufwwfeJ@ zGmae&if; usaemfu tif;vsm;aqmifbufu *pfwmoHav;rsm;=um;&ovm;vdk@ em;pGifhaerdygonf?
tif;vsm;olwdk@ 'Dtcsdeftdyfawmhrnf? vdrfz,fvdrfz,fZmwfvrf;pxm;olrsm;u *Dwmav;ESifh vGrf;jyae=uygonf? tJ'Dwkef;
u rmrD&,f&Smay;uG,f &nf;pm;vdkcsifw,f qdkwJh wuUodkvfxGef;aemifoDcsif;u acwfpm;aewkef;av? qHyif&Snf}uD;
awGESifh qHyif&Snfxm;wdkif; vrf;o&Jvm;/ *wkH;wHk;wdkif; bkef;}uD;vm; qdkwJhtar;awGeJ@ rqvacwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;&J@
tawG;awGudk wwfEdkifovdk acsyae=uwJhtcsdef? bmyJajymajym qHyif&SnfeJ@a&m twdkeJ@a&m ausmif;om;awGu pmrwwf
olyaysmufa&;pDrHudef; twGuf vkyftm;ay;cJh=uonf?
'DZifbm (5) &ufae@ajrmufrSmawmh usKduUqHuGif;xJu OD;oef@tavmif;udk (Convocation) bGJ@ESif;obifcrf;rxJodk@

o,faqmifvm=uygonf? usaemfwdk@tpDtpOfxJwGifrygyg? udkwifarmifOD;/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfuq&mro*jrifhESifh udkwifpkd;
(pdk;}uD;) wdk@a[majym+yD; tavmif;udkodr;f vdkufjcif;jzpfonf? 'Dvdkjzpfvmatmif olwdk@tpDtpOfwcsKd@ &SdEdkifygonf?
'DZifbm (6) &ufae@wGifusaemfwdk@ wuo0if;udk&Sif;/ zkef;qdk;awmudkrD;d_@/ *lae&mpaqmuf=uonf? if;ae@eHeufydkif;yif
rEWav;aqmiftD;pDudk usaemfwdk@zGJ@onf? vuf&Sdausmif;wufaeaom pdwfynmausmif;om; (5) a,muf/ jrefrmpm
wa,mufyJjzpfygonf? wcsKd@tv,fwef;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;/ ae@ausmif;om;rsm;u olwdk@Edkif
wmudkyJvkyf=urnf? tD;pDwGifryg0ifvdk=u/ cdkif;or#yl;aygif;vkyf=urnf[k qdkygonf? cifAsm;wdk@/ tpfudk}uD;wdk@uom !ef=um;
yg/ twwfEdkifqHk;0dkif;vkyfrnf? OD;oef@psmyetavmif;umuG,fzdk@/ vHkcHa&;,lzdk@/ owif;axmufvSrf;zdk@/ &duQm/ pm;p&m/
qufoG,fa&;rsm;udk olwdk@uwm0ef,lay;rnf? owif;xl;v#if vmydk@rnf? tv,fxyfudk jyef=um;a&;Hk;xm;yg[kqdkonf?
pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS udkpkd;!$ef@ (pwkwESpf-ajymif}uD;) uawmh A[kd (bGJ@ESif;obifcrf;r) a&m/ rEWav;aqmiftD;pDtjzpfa&m
olwdk@em;vnfxm;=uonf? acgif;av;w+idrfh+idrfhESihf awmfawmfav;v_yf&Sm;oGufvufwJh ausmif;om;wOD;yif? tJh'Dwkef;u
touf (24) ESpfatmufrsm;jzpf=uoudk;?
'DZifbm (7) &ufae@nbuf rJcGJqHk;jzwf=uonf? v_yf&Sm;aeaomausmif;om;rsm;udk rzrf;zdk@/ OD;oef@tavmif;ESihf
xdkufwefaom ae&mwckjzpfEdkifonfh uefawmfrifyef;jcHydk@zdk@? aemuf 'D wuo0if;xJrSmyJjrKyfzdk@?
a':at;at;oef@/ ODwifjrifhOD;/ OD;cef@/ qpf'eDcef@ (OD;oef@wl) wdk@u rEWav;aqmifvm+yD; olwdk@oabmxm;udk ajym=u
ao;onf? at;at;csrf;csrf;yJ jzpfapcsifonf? psmyeudpP+yD;oGm;v#if OD;oef@txdrf;trSwfvnf;jzpf/ ol.qENvnf; jzpfonfh
pm=unhfwdkufwckjzpfapcsifonf? if;wdk@.qENudk usaemfwdk@em;axmifonf?
- 11 -
usaemfwdk@uawmh 'Dwuo0if;xJrSmyJ jrKyfapcsifonf? wuo0if;onf t"dyg,f&SdvGef;onf? ordkif;tpOftvm

}uD;vGef;onf? 'DrSmwif +idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD;[k usaemfwdk@av;pm;aom OD;oef@tavmif;ukd jrKyfapcsifonf? rqv tpdk;&u
cGifhycsifrS cGifhyrnf? usaemfwdk@u wuUodkvfe,fajronf vGwfvyfaome,fajrjzpfonf? wuUodkvfausmif;wkdif;onf
rnfonfhtpkd;&ESifhr#rqdkif/ tJ'Dwdkif;jynfuykdifonf? ausmif;om;rsm;wGif tpdk;&r&Sd/ olykefr&Sd/ t=urf;zufr_r&Sd/ cGJjcm;r_r&Sd&?
vlrsKd; bmom omoemutp vGwfvyfcGifh&Sdonf? ta&miftqif;/ t,lqpGJtpGef;rsm;vufrcH? vGwfvyfaom tawG;
tac:t,ltqrsm;jzifhom rdrdtem*wfESifh wdkif;jynf.wdk;wufr_tem*wfrsm;udk qufpyfaeonf[k xifcJh=uonf?
ausmif;uxGuf&ifawmh ta&mifawGajymif;/ aumif;raumif;u ordkif;a=umif;awG&Sdrnf[k awG;xifcHpm;ae=uonfh tcsdef
vnf; jzpfcJhygonf?
'Dawmht"d<yg,f&Sdaomae&monf wuo0if;yif? Adkvfatmifausmfausmufwdkifav;udk nzuf za,mif;wdkifxGef;xm;
onfvnf; awG@&onfrdk@ 'Dae&mudk a&G;cs,fqHk;jzwf=ujcif;jzpfonf? rqvtpkd;&uawmh udufrudufrod/ jy\emawmh
jzpfrnfudk od=uonf? aemufqHk; (62) ckESpfeJ@ vGefcJhwJh ZGef (6) &ufuvkd AHk;cGJ+yD;ypfowfEdkifonfxd awG;=uonf? rwwfEdkif/
aemufrqkwfcsif=u? vmrJhab; ajy;=urnfvm;/ ajy;awG@=urnfvm;qdkwmawmh tJ'DtcsdefrSod&ayawmhrnf[k cyfayghayghyJ
awG;xm;rd=uonf?
tif;'DZifbmqdkawmh aqmif;&J@owWd at;jrjr&moDav;ucHpm;ae&yg+yD? yDjyifvSaomaqmif;&moDobifudk trd

wuUodkvf}uD;rSm at;csrf;vSypGmjzifh cHpm;&awmhrnfawmh r[kwfygacs? rpfwrf; Mid-term pmar;yGJu (10) rSwfzdk;rdk@
pmusuf&wmvnf; ysif;ysif;? tm;upm;&moDuvnf;jzpfawmh olav;wdk@wodkuf tajy;avhusifh=uayawmhrnf? usaemfwdk@
'*Hkaqmifu *syfqifvrf;eab;wGif&Sdawmh tm;vHk;udkjrif&onf? q,fausmfoufwdk@. oGufvufjrL;uG/ vSyyHkESifh &ifckefp&m
rsm;udk awG@xdcHpm;&p+rJ? auGkyfuav;vdkvSyolrsm;/ ,rif;kyfav;vdkvSyolrsm;/ umwGef;xJu ZmwfaumifawGvdk kyfoGif
av;rsm;eJ@ wcgw&Hremvdkp&maumif;atmif wGJav#mufvmwwfaom twGJav;rsm;udk =unfh&if;eJ@ pdefyef;yif}uD;rsm;udk
cJESifhaumufaygufwwfaom oli,fcsif;wcsKd@udk owd&ae rdjyefygao;onf?
pdefyef;yif/ a&wrmyif/ ydawmufyif}uD;rsm;/ uHhaumfawm/ opfykwfyif/ wHwm;jzL (,ckawmh eDoGm;acs+yD)/ tif;vsm;
uefabmif/ tif;vsm;a&jyif/ avSavSmf&Gufwdkuftoif; ? ESif;aiG@oufoufav;rsm;eJ@ tif;vsm;&J@ eHeufcif;a&aiG@jzLjzLav;
rsm;u uefa&jyifxufwGif,Sufvdrfae=urnf? ESif;aiG@at;at;/ a&aiG@aEG;aEG;av;rsm;=um;rSm vrf;av#mufvmwwf=u
aom ajc&mav;rsm;ykdif&Sifwdk@um; ? wcgwcg0if0ifvmwwfonfh pdefyef;yifxufu O=ooHryDwyDuvnf; ?
omrefqdk&ifawmh uHhaumfawm[k rdrdwdk@wifpm;xm;onfh &efukef0dZm-ody`HwuUodkvf0if;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf
0if;}uD;onf =unfEl;p&m/ vGrf;armp&mrsm;ESifh jynfhaeawmhrnf? uHhaumfwap> tajcmufcH&+yD; t+rD;tarmufrwnfhbJ &Sdae
wwfaomolwdk@vnf; wpHkw&mudkar#mfvifh&if; ai;arm&if;ESifh &ifxJ[mwmwmESifhyif &Sdaeacsawmhrnf? 'DZifbmausmif;
ydwfwdk@wGif rcGJcsifbJcGJcGm&awmhrnf? usaemfwdk@u 'Dvdkajym=uonf? vdrfz,fvdrfz,fZmwfvrf;av;rsm;ESifh twdtvif;
ra=unm&Jaom twGJav;rsm;. rsuf0ef;udkawmh zwfrdygonf?
=uifem=uvGef;olrsm;twGufawmh rcGJ&ufp&m/ rcGJ&ufp&m 'DZifbmygyJav? 'Dausmif;ydwf&ufawGuawmh olwdk@
twGuf rajzp&m aEGurBmvdktylawGyJaygh? 'DZifbmrSm olwdk@rcsrf;=uygbl;? vGrf;wwf=uygw,f? tJ'golwdk@tpm; cHpm;
=unfhrdwmav?
'Dvdk'DZifbmrsKd; oHk;}udrfjzwfcJhzl;aom usaemfwdk@vdk pm=urf;ydk;pmawavrsm;uawmh tiSm;zDvifav;rsm;eJ@ [dkwuGuf/
'DwuGuf a&;csifp&m ?
'DESpf'DZifbmrSmawmh pm=unfhwdkuf topfaqmufvkyfaeojzifh uHhaumfawmav;udk wjcrf;zsufvdkuf&onf? rdrdtyg
t0if ausmif;om;tcsKd@u xdkodk@aqmufonfudk rudufvS? wjcm;wae&maqmuf&if&&J@om;eJ@ [kawG;rdonf? uHhaumf
&GufauGawmav;xJ vrf;av#muf&onfudku t&omyif? xdkifcHkav;rSmxdkif+yD; =uifempGm xrif;cGH@au|;ae=uaom olav;
rsm;u wcgw&H &GufajcmufawGay: ajcvSrf;}uJ}uD;rsm;ESifh av#mufvmae=uaomtoHa=umifh olcdk;vlrdovdk &Suf&G@H[ef
av;rsm;/ +yD;awmh tJ'DcHkwef;av;awGrSmyJ wOD;wnf;xdkif+yD; uAsmpav; pmpav;awG &cJhwmwdk@rsm; rcHpm;&ava&mh
ovm;/ aqmufvkyfcGifhay;vdkufwJh ausmif;uq&mwdk@-ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;r;wdk@&,fvdk@ a'gre\ xGufrd=uao;onf?
uHhaumfawmudk aESmif;vli,fawG jrif=u&awmhrnfr[kwf/ &ifemrdcJhjyefygonf?
wu,fawmh 'DuHhaumfawmomr[kwf? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;r/ opfykyfyif/ t"dywdvrf;r/ *syfqifbk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;/ RC
tyef;ajzcef;r/ wuotaqmuftOD; (,ckawmh vGifjyif zkef;qdk;ae&m) wdk@[m rsm;pGmaomausmif;om;rsm;. Zmwfvrf;
rsm;/ ordkif;a=umif;rsm;udk pcJh=uonfyif? *E<0iftcspfZmwfvrf;rsm;/ tEkynmonfrsm;? EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;olrsm;/ ajymif
- 12 -
ajrmufaom owWdaoG;ESifh pGef@v$wfolrsm;/ awmfvSefa&;ordkif;rsm;ESifh oufqdkifae=uonfyif? wuUodkvfa&mufzl;/ uHzl;=u

aom/ wufae=uaomausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;. aemufcHyef;csDum;wcsyfyif?
usaemf vGrf;armaerdygonf? vGrf;vnf;vGrf;ygonf? armvnf;armygonf? usaemfvnf; trdwuUodkvfe,fajrudk
cspfaom ausmif;om;wa,mufrdk@ygav?
tJ'D 'DZifbm (7) &ufn (10) em&DavmufuygyJ? udkvwf}uD;wdk@vlpku vmajymoGm;onf? igwdk@wm0efaus+yDuGm

wJh? rif;wdk@ EC awGyJqufvkyf=uawmh? wdk@yifyifyef;yef;aqmufvkyfcJh&wJh *l}uD;udkawmh OD;oef@tavmif;udk c%avmuf
xnfhxm;apcsifw,fuGm? rif;wdk@oabmygyJ? wdk@'DrEWav;aqmif EC awGzufu ESpfrJvm;/ oHk;rJvm;/ &+yD;awmh [dk; uGefAdk
au;&Sif;zufu A[kdaumfrwDawGu ajcmufrJvm;/ ckESpfrJvm; &w,fvdk@od&w,f? 'Drkdua&pDt&qdk&ifawmh wdk@_H;oGm;+yD?
'gayrJh rif;wdk@wwfEdkif&ifawmh =uH=uOD;aygh? igawmhxifygw,f? wdk@ausmif;om;trsm;pku 'DrSmwif jrKyfcsif=uwm? igwdk@
uawmh (6) &ufae@uwnf;u ae@rtdyf nrtdyf/ ae@rD; nrD;eJ@ vkyfoGm;wm +yD;oGm;+yD? tck txufwef;ausmif;om;av;
awGu olwdk@tkyfeJ@olwdk@ *ludkapmifhae=uw,f?
igwdk@awmh 'DavmufyJ wwfEdkifw,f? jyeftdyf=uOD;r,f? +yD;&if jyefvmcsifvnf; vmcJhr,f? wdk@rd@awGvnf; wdk@jyefoGm;
csifoGm;=ur,f? rif;wdk@qufvkyfaygh?
udkvwf}uD;wdk@tzGJ@ tkwf*lvkyfzdk@ wm0ef,lxm;=uygonf? olu RIT (BE) bGJ@&+yD;om;? oabFmom;vkyfaeonf [k
od&onf? cyfxGm;xGm;/ cyfawmifhawmifh? ol@udk enf;enf;armh+yD;rS ajymvkd@&onf? 'DZifbm (6) &uf/ wuouGif;}uD;&Sif;+yD;
awmh *laqmufzdk@ae&ma&G;=uonf? rdrdESifh tjcm;ausmif;om; (2) OD;u yef;&Hq&mudkoGm;ac:=uonf? awmifilaqmifwHcg;
wm0efusausmif;om;rsm;u zGifhray;I ausmfwuf+yD;oGm;&onf? =uHawmok\efteD;u emewfawm&yfuGuftpGefrSm
&SmawG@onf? yef;&Hq&m}uD;u rvdkufjzpf? ol@wynfhwa,mufudk ypPnf;wcsKd@ESifhxnfhvdkufonf? rdrdwdk@rSmvnf; awmifil
aqmif*dwfudk jyefausmf+yD; 0ifcJh&ao;onf? tapmifhausmif;om;av;rsm;u rdrdwdk@udk,fay: &Sm=uao;onf? tzsufypPnf; yg
rygqdkwmudk?
a&mufwmESifh wcgwnf; ajrwl;=uonf? aygufwl;udkvk+yD; wl;=uonf? wufuGvGef;onfh ausmif;om;i,frsm;udk
=unfh&if; yDwdrsuf&nf0Jrdonf?
nzuf (8) em&Da&mufawmh udkvwf}uD;wdk@vlpk jyefvm=uonf? tmZmenfukef; (AHk;cGJrcH&rSD) u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
tkwf*ltwdkif; twdtuswdkif;+yD; ,lvmcJhjcif;jzpfygonf? if;twdkif; twdtusaqmufrnf[kajymonf? usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;
oabmusvufcH=uonf?
cifAsm;wdk@xrif;pm;+yD;=u+yDvm;? [m b,fpm;&OD;rSmvJ? xrif;uta&;r}uD;bl;av? at;Asm? [kd *sifrf
(tm;upm;Hk) xJrSm udkwifpdk; (csLaw;/ lyaA'aemufqHk;ESpf) eJ@ udkpdk;!Gef@ (ajymif}uD;/ pD;yGm;a&;aemufqHk;ESpf) wdk@tzGJ@u
xrif; ',f}uD;ESifh csuf+yD;au|;ae=uw,f? eD;eD;av;yJ/ oGm;pm;vdkuf=uygOD;?
atmf 'DrSmvJ odrf}uDaps;zufuvSLxm;wJh wdk@[l;a=umfawG&Sdw,f? 'gu '*Hkbdvyf&nfpufHkuvSLvdkufwJh u&if
aqmf'geJ@ bdvyf&nf&Sdw,f? tcsKd&nfawGav? ,loGm;ygOD;vm;
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oJbdvyfajr b,fu&rnfenf;/ usaemfawG;rdonf? 'guolwdk@wm0efyJav?
tif; tjyifxGuf tvSLcH&ifawmh tzrf;cH&rSm aocsmw,f? pm=unfhwdkuftopfuvnf;aqmufaewkef;? usaemf
qufpyfawG;rdfvdkufonf?
a[haumif/ udkvSaiGa&? wkd@b,fvdkvkyf=urvJ? OD;oef@tavmif;}uD;udk olwdk@o,foGm;=uawmhr,f? ightxifawmh

toHv$ifhHkem;a&mufwmeJ@ trftdkifawGu &efjzpf[efaqmif+yD; wdk@vltkyfwef;}uD;xJrSm jy\em&Smr,f? tJ'DtoHv$ifhHkudk
cJeJ@aygufr,f? rSefawGuGJoGm;&if txJrSm&SdwJhtapmifhwyfu ppfom;awGu wdk@ukdypf&if kwfkwfoJoJjzpf+yD; tacgif;}uD;eJ@
tavmif;}uD;u vrf;ay:rSm uGJxGufoGm;r,f? wdk@ausmif;om;awG ydk+yD;oduQmus&awmhr,f? tzrf;cH&awmhr,f? axmifxJ
ra&mufwmawmif vr;fray:rSmyJ typfcH&awmhr,f? taocH&awmhr,f?
usaemfu tcspfcif&qHk;ESifh t&if;ESD;qHk; twef;wl ^m%fus,fav; apmvSaiG (pwkwESpfpdwfynm) udk ajymrdygonf?
usaemfwdk@pdwfynmausmif;om; (5) OD;rSm rEWav;aqmifudkodrf;xm;+yD; tD;pDtjzpfwm0ef,lxm;=uolrsm;jzpfygonf?
apmvSaiGu A[dk owif;ESifhqufqHa&;udkwm0ef,l/ usaemfu bma&;ESifhvHkcHa&;/ udkaomif;at;ESifh udkjrifh[efwdk@u jyef
=um;a&;ESifh axmufvSrf;a&owif;wm0ef,l/ pkd;}uD;uawmh pnf;Hk;qufqHa&;ESifh taqmifvHkcHa&;/ twGif;tjyifqufqH
- 13 -
a&;udk wm0ef,lae=uonfjzpfygonf? wdwdusus pepfwusESifh vkyfae=uonfawmh r[kwfyg? todw&m;ESifh wm0ef,lae

=ujcif;jzpfygonf?
rEWav;aqmifa&S@wGif udkxGef;ausmf+idrf;/ udkbdkbdkausmf+idrf; (zqyv OD;ausmf+idrf;.om;ESpfOD;) wdk@OD;aqmif+yD; ,m,D
aq;ay;cef;av; zGifhxm;onf? vHkcHa&;wcsKd@udkvnf; wm0efyl;wGJ,lxm;=uonf? udktif'l;/ udkwifarmifOD; (Av}uD;)/
udk&JjrifhESifh udkOm%fay: (pma&;q&mrif;vl) wkd@u owif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;[k pmwrf;av;rsm;wyfum ausmif;xdkifcHkav;rsm;
rSmxdkif+yD; oa&mfpmrsm;/ umwGef;yHkrsm;/ &xm;aomowif;rsm;udk csufjcif;yif vufa&;pmvHk;ESifha&;=u+yD; uyfxm;=uyg
onf? udk,fEdkifaomwm0efrsm; udk,fhzmom,l+yD; wpdwfw0rf;xJ vkyfae=uonfrSm tHh=op&myif?
'Dae@&Spf&ufrSm *l}uD;vnf;+yD;oGm;yg+yD? *laemufzufu udkrsKd;jrifh (yef;csD) wdk@&J@ wr[kwfcsif;vuf&mjzpfvmwJh OD;oef@
yHkwl yef;csDum;}uD;aemufcHwJh pifjrifh}uD;vnf; tenf;i,ft+yD;owfzdk@yJ vdkygawmhonf? rae@u (7) &uf'DZifbmae@u rJcGJ
qHk;jzwfcJh=uonfhtwdkif; 'D*l}uD;udk 'DvdkyJxm;+yD; uefawmfrifyef;jcHxJudk OD;oef@tavmif; ydk@&ygawmhrnf? rauseyf=uyg/ rydk@
csif=uyg/ rwwfEdkifygav? 'DeHeuf udk;em&DcGJavmufrSm uGefAdkau;&Sif; (bGJ@ESif;obifcef;r) xJu OD;oef@psmyetacgif;udk
o,fvm=uawmhrnf[k a=unmvdkufygonf?
tpDtpOfu a&S@qHk;uausmif;om;tcsKd@ESifh bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;/ +yD;awmh yef;acGrsm;/ +yD;awmh tacgif;}uD;udk xrf;vm=u
rnf? if;a&S@wGif psmyeaumfrwDOuUudk=unf0if; (tift,fvf'Dtrwf/ r*Fvm'Hk) u uefawmhyGJudk acgif;ay:rSm&Guf+yD;awmh
vkdufygvmrnf?
vlawGu _yf&Sufcwf+yD; t"dywdvrf;ay:rSmjynfhoGm;onf? wa&G@a&G@ESifh vmae=uonf? udk=unf0if; (pwkwESpfocsFm)
rSm tyH;awG/ yDwdawG awG@&onf? rsufvHk;tpHkrSm 0rf;omrsuf&nfpav;rsm; vnfaeonf[kxif&onf?
apmvSaiGu tavmif;a&mufvmonf[kod&awmh atmufuq
dk if;oGm;onf? tm;vHk;atmufudk vdkufqif;oGm;=u
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ausmfavmufyJ &Sdao;onf[kod&I rEWav;aqmif tv,fxyfodk@ jyefwufvmcJhonf? usaemfhpdwful;u onf tavmif;
onftacgif;}uD;udk acwW*lxJodk@oGif;apcsifonf? 'grS *laqmufxm;olrsm;/ wuo0if;udk &Sif;vif;ay;cJholrsm;/ vHkcHa&;
ausmif;om;i,frsm;/ &duQmxrif; vmcsufay;olrsm;/ vma&muftm;ay;=uaomolrsm; auseyf=uayrnf? Edk@r[kwf&ifawmh
jy\emwufEdkifonf?
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qufoG,fxm;onfhrdkufudk udkifvdkufygonf? b,folrSr&Sdaoma=umifh ydk0rf;omrdoGm;onf? rdkufwvHk;udk vnfyif;rSm ywf
xm;+yD; wvHk;udk yg;pyfESifhawhxm;vdkufonf? rEWav;aqmifa&S@&Sd t"dywdvrf;r}uD;ay:rSm vlawGyGwfodyfaeonf? udk,fvHk;
awG rjrif&awmh? acgif;awGyJ jrif&awmhonf? udk=unf0if;u acgif;ay:uuefawmhyGJudk usroGm;atmif xdef;xm;+yD;awmh
vrf;z,fcdkif;aeonf? pum;tjyeftvSefajymoHawGu qlnHaeonf? usaemfowd&vdkufonf? rdkufudkzkef;wckudk udkif+yD;
awmh idkifae&mrS jynfolvlxk}uD;eJ@ ausmif;om;rsm; &[ef;awmfrsm;cifAsm; oHk;cgwdwdtoHjrifhatmfawmhrS atmufu
toHrsm;+idrfoGm;onf? tvnfxyfrS rdkufudkzkef;udkifxm;aomusaemfhudk =unfhae=uonf?
usaemfwdk@u OD;oef@udk 'Dae&mrSmryf+yD; *k%fyzdk@ pnf;a0;qHk;jzwfcJh=uayrJh um,uH&SifawGjzpfwJh OD;cef@ (OD;oef@
tpfudk)/ qpf'eDcef@(OD;oef@wl)/ a':at;at;oef@wdk@eJ@ rJcGJqHk;jzwfwJhtcg uefawmfrifyef;jcHudk ydk@&rSmjzpfygw,f? wu,f
awmh 'DOD;oef@tavmif;[m usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;eJ@vnf; oufqdkifygw,f? 'Dtavmif;}uD; tjyifra&mufcif qHk;jzwfcsuf
ay;Edkifygao;w,f
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jrKyfwmurS oifhawmfygOD;r,f? [kwfw,fa[h toHawGuxGufay:vmygonf? wcsKd@u rEWav;aqmif0if;xJudk ajy;0if
vm=uygonf? olwdk@u usaemf&Sd&m tv,fxyfudk vmcsifyHkay:ygonf? r&awmhyg? usaemf aomhcwfcJh+yD;jzpfygonf? bm*sm
wcg;ukd qGJv_yfoGm;+yD;aemuf jyefxGufoGm;=uygonf?
'DrSmryfrJholeJ@/ [dkrSmryfrJholawGudk usaemf toHeJ@qHk;jzwf+yD;awmh rJcGJ=unfhygr,f? 'gu cifAsm;wdk@qENt&yg? uJ
'Dawmh wuovGifjyifrSm jrKyfr,fqdkwJholrsm;u vufckyfwD;=uyg?
vufckyfoHrsm; [D;xGufvmygonf? oHk;av;rdepf=umrS vufckyfoHrsm;twD;jywfoGm;onf? aemuf uefawmfrifyef;jcH
rSmjrKyfzdk@ qdkwJholrsm; vufckyfwD;ay;=uygOD;qdkawmh vufckyfoHrsm;u [dkwuGuf/onfwuGuf?
[kwfuJh/ =um;wJhtwdkif;ygyJ? 'DrSmyJ jrKyfrSmjzpfygw,fcifAsm;? OuUudk=unf0if; pdwfysufoGm;rnf[k xifvdkufygonf?
rwwfEdkifawmhyg?
- 14 -
udkvwf}uD;wdk@ OD;pD;aqmufvkyfxm;aom *l}uD;xJodk@ psmyeacgif;}uD;udk xnfhvdkufygonf? toHrsm;wdwfoGm;=uyg

onf? aemufrS atmfajymvdkufaom toHwoHudk =um;vdkuf&ygonf? ukvor*~tvH}uD;udv
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wJh? uAsmu,m rdkufudkzkef;jzifh atmf[pfvdkuf&ygao;onf? tvHudktjyifxkwfyg? *lxJ rxnfh&ygbl;? toHrsm;um;
a&moGm;acs+yD?
usaemfrdkuf (2) vHk;udk zsufqD;ypfvdkufygonf? ud;wcsKd@udkvnf; zsufqD;jzwfawmufvdkufygonf? aemuf taqmif
atmufxyfudk qif;vmcJhygonf? atmufxyft0ifwcg;rSm yGifhae+yD; ab;cef;rwck. wcg;0tay:zufwGif rEWav;aqmif
xdef;odrf;a&;pcef; [ka&;xm;a=umif;awG@&ygonf? cHkawGvnf; &Sif;vif;xm;ygonf? touf}uD;}uD;/ ezl;ajymifajymifESifh
vl}uD;wa,mufudkawG@&ygonf? rEWav;aqmiftayguf0 ab;aygufi,frSxGufvm+yD; *l&Sd&mudk vmcJhygonf? wdk;oGm;Ir&
awmhyg? &[ef;ysKdrsm;uydwfxm;ygonf? &[ef;ysKd oHk;xyf/ av;xyfavmuf ydwfxm;a=umif;awG@vdkufygonf? tavmif;udk
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wynfhawmf rEWav;aqmifu tD;pDyg bk&m;? wynfhawmfuo
dk Gm;cGifhyyg? ukvor*~tvH}uD;udkxnfh+yD; jrKyfrdrSm
pdk;vdk@yg bk&m;? bkef;}uD;wyg;u vSnfh=unfh+yD;awmh 'umav; 'DvdkoGm;vdk@r&awmhbl;? 'dk@vnf; vrf;z,fay;vdk@r&awmh
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uGm? a&mh/ 'umav;? usKyfycHk;ay:uyJoGm;awmh? usaemf apG@ueJygoGm;onf? zdeyfwzufusefcJhonf? usefwzufu
bkef;awmf}uD; ycHk;ay:usoGm;onf? udpPr&Sdbl;? rif; 'dk@ycHk;ay:uom av#mufoGm;awmh? usaemf rav#mufwwfyg/
ukef;ukef;}uD;av;bufaxmufjzpfaeygonf? [dkzufuwGef; 'Dbufua&G@ESifh *lem;a&mufoGm;ygonf?
*la&S@wGif acgif;pnf;teDpnf;xm;aom txufwef;ausmif;om;av;rsm;u wxyfcHxm;onf? *ludkvnf; yef;&Hq&mu
pydwfae+yDjzpfonf? nDwdk@/ ighnDwdk@ ukvor*~tvH}uD;udk *lxJxnfhroGif;zdk@ ajymay;yg? tvHudk*lay:rSmyJ v$rf;xm;ygvdk@?
'DtvH}uD;udk aoG;pGef;atmifvkyf&J&if vkyf=uygap vdk@ajym+yD; jyefxGufcJhonf? tjyefrSmvnf; bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;&J@
ykcHk;xufujyefvmcJh&onfrdk@ &ifxJqdk@eihfoGm;cJhygonf?
tv,fxyfjyefa&mufawmh vltawmfpHkaeyg+yD? rdrdwdk@rEWav;aqmifu tD;pDrsm;udk tjypfajymawmhrnfcH&awmhrnf[k
xifrdygonf? aemuf'DudpPuvnf;
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rawG@&/ udktkef;armif}uD;ESifhvdkufoGm;[efwl.? udkaomif;at;uawmh xHk;pHtwdkif; acgif;av;cyfarmharmhESifh usaemfhudk
=unfhaeonf?
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'D*lAdrmef}uD;qufvkyf+yD;wdkufyGJazmf&awmhr,f? 'D*l}uD;+yD;oGm;wmeJ@ r+yD;ao;bl;/ udkwdwf
rif;wdk@ b,fvdkoabm&ovJ
olwdk@u igwdk@uawmh qufvkyf&rSmyJ? 'DrSmyJ 'dk@&ifqdkif&awmhr,f? ZGefv (6) &ufae@/ vGefcJhwJh (6) vu tvkyform;
awGudk aemufydwfqHk;ypfowfcJhwm rif;wdk@todyJ r[kwfvm;?
'gjzifh 'D*l}uD;udkqufaqmuf/ w&m;a[m pnf;Hk;ae&if;eJ@ 'dk@ tvkyform;awGeJ@ aygif;rdatmifpDpOf=ur,f? tvkyf
orm;wcsKd@u 'dk@eJ@ vmyl;aygif;+yD;xGufvm&rSm enf;enf;wGef@ae=uw,f? 'dk@udkvnf; r,Hkao;bl;vdk@xifw,f?
tvHaxmif r,fuGm cGyfa'gif;tvH/ omoemhtvH/ tvkyform;tvH? 'DoHk;vufaxmifr,f?
tvkyform;tvHuaum?
wlwHpOftvHyJaygh?
[m 'gqdk&if 'dk@udk uGefjrLepftvHaxmifw,fvdk@ ajym=urSm?
olwdk@u =u,feDygw,f?
'dk@ua&m
=u,feDygvnf;&w,f/ rygvnf;&w,f?
'dk@udk uGefjrLepfvdk@ pGyfpGJ&ifaum
epf epfuGm/ wdkufyGJ0ifzdk@yJ? udkaomif;at;u pdwfr&SnfpGmeJ@ usaemfhudkajym+yD; pkduf=unfhaeygonf? &ifxJrSm&SdwJh
tvHk;}uD;vnf; usoGm;yg+yD?
ig tdyfa&;ysufvGef;vdk@ toH0ifae+yD? tay:qHk;xyfudkoGm;+yD; em;OD;r,f?
rif; bmjzpfvdk@ rdkufudkzkef;awG zsufqD;vdkufwmvJ?
- 15 -
[m rif;wdk@vnf;odom;yJ?
(74) 'DZifbmrS &Jabmfrsm;udkOD;!Gwfv#uf
armifarmifwdwf (ABSDF)
OD;oef@ta&;tcif;
pufr_wuUodkvfpdk;0if;
ukvor*~twGif;a&;r;csKyfa[mif; OD;oef@onf 1974 ckESpf/ Edk0bFmv 25 &ufae@ tar&duefEdkifiH e,l;a,mufrd@wGif
uG,fvGefcJhygonf? urBm@ukvor*~tzGJ@}uD;onf OD;oef@.kyfuvmyfudk }uD;us,fcrf;em;pGm urBm@ukvor*~tzGJ@0ifEdkifiH
aygif;pHkrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh aemufqHk;*g0&yvkyfI OD;oef@.rdom;pkqENt& rdcifwdkif;jynf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif OD;oef@
kyfuvmyfudko*vf&ef tpDpOfrsm;udk yvkyfygonf?
OD;oef@uG,fvGefa}umif; odvdkuf&wJhtwGuf rsKd;cspfpdwf&SdwJh jrefrmwrsKd;om;vHk; ,lusHK;r& 0rf;enf;a}uuGJjcif; jzpf}u
ygonf? urBmhtv,frSm jrefrmh*k%fudkaqmifcJhwJhOD;oef@/ tm&Swkdufom;OD;oef@onf urBm.t}uD;rm;qHk;aom wm0ef
0wW&m;&Sdonfh ukvor*~twGif;a&;r;csKyf&mxl;udk ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifcJhonfh jrefrmwOD;jzpfygonf?
xdktcsdefu usaemfonf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvf aemufqHk;ESpfausmif;om;/ tif*sifeD,mbJG@ESifh vufwurf;tvdk
aemufqHk;ESpf0ufwGif a&muf&Sdaeygonf? rSm;wJhae&mESifh rSm;wJhtcsdefrSm usaemf a&muf&Sdaeonf[k qdk&ayrnf?
1974 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@ OD;oef@kyfuvmyf jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ a&muf&Sdvmygonf? ae0if;ppftpdk;&onf
+yD;pvG,foabmjzifh OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk jrif;ydifuGif;a[mif; usKduUqHuGif;wae&mwGif ryfi,fwckomaqmufay;+yD;
}uufajceDtoif;0ifvli,frsm;ESifhom tapmihfcsxm;ygonf? 'DZifbmv 5 &ufae@/ ae@vnf (1) em&DwGif }uHawmoif;csKdif;
odk@ ydk@aqmifo*vfrnf[k jynfolvlxkudk a=unmcJhygonf?
EdkifiHawmfpsmyetjzpf wcrf;wem; *k%fyo*vfvdrfhrnf[k ,lqaeonfh jynfolvlxkonf ae0if;ppftpdk;&.
vspfvsL&_jcif;/ OD;oef@.*k%foduQmudkrSraxmuf/ vkyf&ufavjcif;&,fvdk@ jynfol}um;0,f wqifhpum; jyef@ES@Hvdk@ rauseyf/
0rf;enf;a'gorsm; aygufuJGapcJhygonf?
- 16 -
wcsdefwnf;wGif wuUodkvfausmif;aygif;pHkrS ausmif;om;wdk@onf psmyeaumfrwDrsm; zJG@pnf;+yD; psmyevdkufygydk@aqmif/

aemufqHk;*g0&yvkyf&ef pDpOf}uygonf? yxrtpDpOft& bwfpfum;rsm;iSg;+yD; usKduUqHuGif;rSmpkkH;&ef ausmif;om;udk,fpm;
vS,frsm; bwfpfum;rsm; oGm;iSg;ygonf? bwfpfum;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk oufqdkif&mrS ausmif;om;rsm;udk riSg;&bl;vdk@
wm;jrpfxm;ygonf? bwfpfum;iSg;&rf;vdk@r&aoma}umifh wuUodkvfaygif;pHkrS ausmif;om;rsm; &efukef0dZmESifhody`HwuUodkvf
wGifpkkH;+yD; usKduUqHuGif;odk@ ajcvsifjzifhcsDwufzdk@ tpDpOfajymif;vdkuf&ygonf?
psmyetcef;em;ae@/ usaemfwdk@pufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;onf &&ma'g@*spfum;rsm;udkiSg;+yD; &efukef0dZmESifhody`H
wuUodkvfpk&yfodk@ oGm;a&muf}uygonf? usaemfwdk@a'g@*spfum;rsm; 0dZmESifhody`HwuUodkvfe,fajrudk0ifonfESifh t&if
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om;xkonf +idrf;csrf;a&;ydokum}uD;OD;oef@. aemufqHk;c&D;odk@ vdkufygydk@aqmif&efESifh aemufqHk;*g0&yvkyf&ef pnf;urf;wus
csDwufvma}umif; a=unmygonf vrf;c&D;wavsmufrSmvnf; auseyfjcif;tjyHK;eJ@ vltkyf}uD;rsm;u udqdk}uonfomru
aomufa&rsm;/ zD;}urf;iSufaysmoD;rsm; a0iSay;jcif;jzifh ajcvsifavsmufvmaom ausmif;om;rsm;ukd tarmajyapygonf?
OD;oef@kyfuvmyfxm;&Sdonfh usKduUqHuGif;onf OD;oef@udk aemufqHk;*g0&y&efa&muf&Sdaeaom vltkyf}uD;ESifh jynfhv#H
aeygonf? kyfuvmyfxm;&Sd&m ryftwGif;wGiv
f nf; OD;oef@rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh oufqdkif&mvl}uD;rsm;u ae&m
,lxm;ygonf? rsKd;cspfpdwf&Sdaomvli,frsm;/ *k%fyxdkufoludk *k%fy&rnf[k tod&Sdonfh vli,fwuUodkvfausmif;om;
xk}uD; pepfwus/ usKduUqHuGif;twGif;odk@ 0ifa&mufaomtcg rdbjynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;. vufckyfoHrsm;onf rdk;+cdrf;oH
uJhodk@ uGif;jyifwckvHk; zHk;v$rf;oGm;ygawm@onf? yJG}unfhpifrsm;wGif rdbjynfolwdk@ESifh jynfhv#HaeI ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;
onf OD;oef@kyfuvmyfxm;&Sd&mryf. ta&S@bufuGif;jyifwGif ae&m,l&avonf?
rGef;vGJcsdefjzpfI yljyif;vSonfh tyl&SdefatmufwGif bma}umifhrsm; OD;oef@.psmyeudk +yD;pvG,fpDpOf&oenf; qdkonfh
ar;cGef;onf jynfolausmif;om;wdk@. &ifudkylavmifapcJhonfomru rauseyfjcif;qdkonfh cHpm;csufudk ausmif;om;jynfol
wdk@&ifxJrSm cHpm;vdkuf&ygonf? TwGif ausmif;om;xk.v_yf&Sm;r_onf pwifvmygawmhonf? avmfpyDumuae
ausmif;om;rsm;udk v_H@aqmfpnf;kH;vmygawmhonf? +idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD; OD;oef@twGuf *lAdrmef&&Sda&;/ 'dk@ta&;/ 'dk@ta&;
[lonfh auG;a}umfoHESifhtwl ausmif;om;rsm; v_yfv_yf&G&Gjzpfvmygawmhonf? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ta&;ay:
pnf;a0;+yD; aemufqHk;+idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD; OD;oef@tm; xdkufoifhaompsmyetcef;em;jzifh o*vf&efqHk;jzwfygonf?
+yD;pvG,fwnfaqmufxm;aomryf jrif;ydifuGif;a[mif; }uHawmokomef Ttcsufwdk@onf tkyfqdk;vSay
onf? xdk@a}umifh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u wuUodkvfe,fajrodk@ jyefvnfo,faqmifI xdkufoifhaom psmyetcrf;em;ESifh
+idrf;csrf;a&;*lAdrmef}uD; wnfaqmufrnfjzpfa}umif; auG;a}umf}uavonf? wqufwnf;rSmyJ rqdkifolrsm; ryfwGif;rS
z,f&Sm;ay;&ef ausmif;om;xku a=unmvdkufygonf? v#yfwysuftwGif; tajctaersm; ajymif;vJoGm;ygonf? ryf
twGif;rS }uufajceDvli,frsm;/ OD;oef@aqGrsKd;ESifhrdom;pkrsm;/ oufqdkif&mvl}uD;rsm; ryftjyifodk@ xGufcGmoGm;ygonf?
ryftwGif;odk@ ausmif;om;rsm; 0ifa&mufae&m,lxm;vdkufygonf?
toHcsJ@pufrS ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u if;wdk@onf OD;oef@. kyfuvmyfudk wuUodkvfe,fajrodk@ jyefvnf
o,faqmif+yD; xdkufoifhaom psmyetcrf;tem;jzifh o*vfI *lAdrmefaqmufvkyfay;rnfjzpfa}umif;/ if;twGuf OD;oef@.
rdom;pkESifh aqGrsKd;rdwfaqGrsm;qDrS cGifhawmif;ygonf? OD;oef@.tpfudk OD;cef@udk toHcsJ@puf&Sd&modk@ zdwfac:vdkufygonf?
toHcsJ@puf wyfqifxm;onfh a'g@*spfum;ta&S@wydkif;/ um;pufxm;&Sd&mae&monf ausmif;om;wdk@. ,m,DpifjrifhozG,f
jzpfoGm;+yD; ausmif;om;tygt0if vltkyf}uD;.tm&Hkonf xdkpifjrifhodk@ a&mufae}uonf? OD;cef@ pifjrifhay:odk@wufa&muf+yD;
ausmif;om;wdk@tm; pdwfvdkufrmefyg ryvkyf&ef/ tpdk;&ESifhqef@usif+yD; ryvkyf&ef/ enf;pepfrSefuefpGm aqmif&Gufzdk@&ef
wdkufwGef;ajym}um;oGm;avonf? tajctaeudkapmifh}unfhaeaom vlxk}uD;ESifhausmif;om;xkwdk@onf tjrefqHk;
wuUodkvfe,fajrodk@ OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudko,faqmif&ef auG;a}umfvmygawm@onf?
- 17 -
aemufqHk; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk ykcHk;ajymif;o,f,l+yD; vGrf;ol@yef;acGwifaqmif&m wkd,dk

wmypfuyfum; acgifrdk;ay:odk@wif}uygonf? ausmif;om;ESifh oHCmawmfrsm; +cH&Hvsuf/ axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom
ausmif;om;xk}uD;. csDwuf&mvrf;a}umif;twGif;rS OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk vm&mvrf;twdkif; wuUodkvfe,fajrodk@ jyefvnf
o,faqmifoGm;ygonf? vrf;wavsmufvHk;wGifvnf; vltkyf}uD;awGESifh jynfhusyfae+yD; ausmifom;xkwdk@. auG;a}umfoH
rsm;onf t&m&mudk zHk;v$rf;aeygonf?
wuUodkvfe,fajr t"dywdvrf;twdkif; kyfuvmyfudko,faqmif+yD; bGJ@ESif;obiftaqmuftOD;a&S@wGif ,m,Dpifjrifh
yvkyfI jyifqifxm;ygonf? wuUodkvfe,fajrwckvHk;wGif ausmif;om;/ t&yfom;/ &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh jynfhv#H
aeygonf? rauseyfEdkifonfh ausmif;om;rsm;.auG;a}umfoHrsm; qufwdkufxGufay:vmygonf?
1962 ckESpf Zlvdkifv (7) &uf/ 12 ESpfvHk; aoG;pnf;r_r&SdcJ@aomausmif;om;rsm; Tae@wGif jyefvnfpkkH;rdI
ae0if;ppftpdk;&tm; ausmif;om;xku wefjyefwdkufyJG0if&ef zefwD;aeonfh toGifaqmifaeygonf? EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf&Sdonfh
wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;.v_yf&Sm;r_ wpcef;xvmygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;udk enf;trsKd;rsKd;oHk;+yD; Oya'trsKd;rsKd;xkwfI
xGufaygufr&Sdatmif ae0if;ppftpdk;&onf zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhonfomru/ qdk&S,fvpfpepfwnfaqmufa&;qdkonfh em;axmifvdk@
aumif;aom a0g[m&rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;wdk@tm; r_dif;wdkufcJhygonf? tzdESdyfcH&aom jynfolvlxkESifhausmif;om;rsm; ,ck
vufiif;udpPwGif xGuf&yfaygufudk &SmonfrSm obm0usvSayonf? EdkifiHa&;auG;a}umfoHrsm; tHk;tHk;uGuf aygufuGJvm
ygawmhonf?
bGJ@ESif;obifcef;ra&S@wGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk tmvHk;u*g0&y}uygonf? xdk@haemuf bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rtwGif;odk@
oHCmawmfrsm;+cH&Hvsuf OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk o,faqmifygonf? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;r&Sd pifjrifhay:wGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk
xm;+yD; ta&;ay:psmyeaumfrDwDzGJ@pnf;vdkufygonf? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rtwGif;ESifh teD;ywf0ef;usif wuUodkvfe,fajronf
vltkyf}uD;jzifh jynfhv#Haeygonf? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;ra&S@jrufcif;jyifwGif ausmif;om;rsm;ae&m,lxm;+yD; um;acgifrdk;ay:rSaeI
vufwzufwGif rdkufukdzHk;udkifvsuf vufoD;vufarmif;wef;+yD; ausmif;om;wOD;csif; wufa&muf&ifzGifh}uygonf? bmudkrS
*krpdkufEdkif}uawm@yg? 12 ESpf umveD;yg; E_wfydwfa&iHkaecJh&aom ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdk@&ifwGif;rS EdkifiHa&;cHpm;csuf
rsm;udk [pfatmfauG;a}umfygawm@onf?
ajymawmh qdk&S,fvpf'Drdkua&pD/ vkyfawm@ wygwDaumif;pm;a&;/ tiwfab;qdkufaeonfh jynfolvlxkudk,fpm;
ausmif;om;rsm;u ae0if;ppftpdk;&udk atmufudkvnf; jyef}unfhygOD;/ um;0,fwdkufaqmufESifhom tcsdefzef;raeygESifh [k
wzkH/ trsKd;rsKd;aompum;vHk;rsm;ESifh av#mufvJae}uavonf? wufa&mufem;axmifaeaom ausmif;om;xkESihf t&yfom;
wdk@ vufckyfoHrsm; wazsmif;azsmif;ESifh axmufcHcsD;jrifhae}uavonf?
1974 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (6) &uf? OD;oef@kyfuvmyf bGJ@ESi;f obifcef;rtwGif; xm;&Sda}umif; }um;odI &efukefqifajczHk;
rS vltrsm;tjym; vma&muf*g0&y}uavonf? bGJ@ESif;obifpifjrifhay:&Sd toHcsJ@puf pum;ajymcGufESifh vGwfvyfpGm pum;
ajymqdkcGifh&Sdonfqdkonfh 'Drdkua&pDppfppfudk ausmif;om;rsm;u okyfazmfaeygonf? ausmif;om;rsm; &J&ifhajymifajrmufpGm
wOD;csif; pifjrifhay:odk@ wufa&mufI rdrdwdk@.cHpm;csufrsm;udk &ifzGifh}uygawm@onf? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;vkH;jynfh&Sd vltkyf}uD;
vufckyfoHrsm;ESifh axmufcHtm;ay;}uygonf? ,m,DpsmyeaumfrDwDrS a=unmcsufw&yf xGufay:vmygonf? OD;oef@.
psmyeudk ae0if;ppftpdk;&taeESifh EdkifiHawmfpsmyetjzpf yvkyfay;&ef awmif;qdkaompmudk EdkifiHawmfaumifpDodk@ ydk@vdkuf+yD
jzpfa}umif;/ tu,fI ,ae@nae (4) em&Dwdwdtxd jyef}um;csufwpHkw&mr# r&&Sdygu/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf jynfolvlxk
tultnDESifh rdrdwdk@zmom psmyetcrf;tem;yvkyfI +idrf;csrf;a&;tkwf*lAdrmef wnfaqmufrnfjzpfa}umif; a=unmvdkufyg
onf? wcsdefwnf;rSmyif tHk;tkH;uGufuGufvufckyfoHrsm;ESifh bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rwckvHk;udk rdk;csKef;ouJ@odk@ zHk;vGrf;oGm;ygawmh
onf?
em&DvufoHwdk@onf wa&G@a&G@vnfywfaeygonf? ausmif;om;ESifh t&yfom;udk,fpm;vS,fwdk@ wOD;csif;tvSnfhus
pifjrifhay:odk@ wufa&mufrdef@cGef;ajym}uygonf? Eke,faomESvHk;om;ydkif&Sif rdef;cav;rsm;yif olwdk@. &ifxJrSxGufvmaom
pum;vHk;rsm;onf rdef;rom;rsm;ESifhrS rudkufnDbJ/ rmausmjywfom;vSayonf?
vlwdkif; em&Dw}unfh}unfhESifh (4) em&Dudk apmifhar#mfae}uygonf? aemufawm@ (4) em&Dom xdk;oGm;aomfvnf;
EdkifiHawmfaumifpDrS vHk;0wkef@jyefajz}um;jcif;r&Sdonf@twGuf/ ausmif;om;/ t&yfom;/ oHCmawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;.
oabmwlnDcsuft& ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;a[mif; (1962 ckESpf Zlvdkifv (7) &ufae@wGif/ ausmif;om;or*~
taqmuftOD;}uD;onf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl ae0if;ppftpdk;.AHk;'%f xdrSefyduJGzsufqD;jcif;cHcJh&ygonf) ae&mudk &Sif;
vif;+yD; OD;oef@twGuf tkwf*lwnfaqmuf o*vfrnfjzpfa}umif;/ xdkwqufwnf;rSmyif +idrf;csrf;a&;*lAdrmefudkvnf; wnf
aqmufrnfjzpfa}umif; qHk;jzwf}uygonf?
- 18 -
qHk;jzwfcsufcsonfESifh ausmif;om;/ t&yfom;rsm;ESifh oHCmawmfrsm; or*~a[mif;ae&mudk pwif&Sif;vif;I &efukef

pufr_wuUodkvf ydokumXmeESifh rd@jyXmerSausmif;om;rsm; wm0ef,lyHkqGJ+yD; OD;oef@tkwf*lESifh ,m,D*lAdrmefudk aqmufvkyfyg
onf? pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf/ ynma&;wuUodkvf/ 0dZmESifhody`HwuUodkvf/ aq;ausmif;rS wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl
txufwef;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;aygif;pHkwdk@rS ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; yg0ifvkyftm;ay;}uygonf?
1974 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (7) &uf/ n (7) em&DtcsdefwGif ausmif;om;/ oHCmESifh OD;oef@rdom;pkwdk@onf ta&;ay:
tpnf;ta0;udk rEWav;aqmifwGif yvkyfygonf? xdktpnf;a0;wGif tzGJ@0if (11) OD;yg0ifygonf? OD;oef@.nDOD;aomif;u
&efukefwdkif; jynfol@aumifpDuxkwfvdkufaompmudk xkwfjyygonf? OD;oef@udpPESifhywfoufI tkwf*lwnfaqmufa&;ESifh
*lAdrmefwnfaqmuf&ef uefawmfrifyef;+cHwGif ae&may;rnfjzpfa}umif;/ ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; ta&;,lzrf;qD;rnf r[kwf
a}umif; yg&Sdavonf? OD;aomif;taeESifh OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk tjrefqHk;o*vfcsif+yDjzpfa}umif;/ 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@ (12)
em&DtcsdefY o*vfa&;tpDpOfpwif&ef ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ajym}um;ygonf? a'gufwmwifjrifhOD; (OD;oef@.
om;ruf) uvnf;/ rdrdudk,fwdkif yHkpHa&;qJGxm;aom OD;oef@.tkwf*lAdrmefudk uefawmfrifyef;+cHwGif aqmufvkyf+yD; o*vf
&ef jyifqif+yD;jzpfa}umif;/ ausmif;om;ESifh oHCmawmfrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;pDpOf&ef yef}um;oGm;avonf? OD;oef@psmyeudpPESifh
ywfoufI ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ oHCmawmfrsm; tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;}u+yD;/ tpnf;a0;.qHk;jzwfcsufudk trsm;
oabmwlnDcsufjzifh qHk;jzwfrnfjzpfa}umif;/ wOD;csif;qEN,lrnfjzpfa}umif;/ xdktpnf;a0;wufa&mufoltm;vHk; oabmwl
nDavonf? yxrOD;qHk; OD;oef@kyfuvmyfo*vfa&;tpDpOfudk 'DZifbmv 8 &ufae@/ 12 em&DwdwdwGif pwif&ef oabm
wlnD}uavonf? qufvufI atmufygtcsufESpfcsufudkaqG;aEG;+yD; qHk;jzwfrJcGJ&ygrnf?
(1) OD;oef@.kyfuvmyfudk bGJ@ESi;f obifcef;rrS ausmif;om;or*~ae&m/ ausmif;om;rsm;aqmufvkyfxm;aom
OD;oef@tkwf*lay:wGif wifI OD;oef@rdom;pkrsm;/ jynfolvlxk/ ausmif;om;/ oHCmawmfrsm; aemufqHk;*g0&y+yD; uefawmfrif
yef;+cHodk@o,faqmif&ef?
(2) OD;oef@.kyfuvmyfudk ausmif;om;ESifhjynfolwdk@. ac|;ESifhwnfaqmufaeonfh OD;oef@tkwf*lwGifo*vf+yD; OD;oef@
*lAdrmefudk ausmif;om;rsm; toufESifhaoG; paw;cJ@onfh ausmif;om;or*~ae&mwGifwnfaqmuf&ef?
wOD;csif;qEN,lvdkufaomtcg (7) rJ (4) rJESifh yxrtcsufudk oabmwlnD}uygonf?
(7) rJxJrSm OD;aomif;/ a'gufwmwifjrifhOD;/ oHCmawmfESpfyg;ESifh usefausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,foHk;OD;yg0ifygonf?
(4) rJxJrSm usaemfwdk@pufr_wuUodkvfrS ausmif;om; (3) OD;ESifh aq;wuUodkvfudk,fpm;y aq;ausmif;om;wOD; tyg
t0if ausmif;om; (4) OD;onf 'kwd,tcsufukd rJay;ygonf?
TwGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk (7) rJ (4) rJESifhqHk;jzwf+yD; uefawmfrifyef;jcHwGif o*vfrnfjzpfygonf? jrefrmhtoHv$ifhkH
a&'D,kdrSvnf; 8-12-1974 &uf 12 em&Dtcsdew
f Gif psmyetcrf;tem;pwifrnf[k a}unmygonf?
ausmif;om;ESifhoHCFmwdk@onf ausmif;om;xkESifhjynfolvlxkudkudk,fpm;yI/ Ttpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufvmjcif;
jzpfygonf? rJcGJ&mwGif ausmif;om;ESifhoHCFmawmfrsm;.qENrsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aeygonf?
tajctaejzpf&yftm;vHk;udk jyefvnfpDppfaomtcg/ ae0i;fppftpdk;&onf/ +yD;pvG,f OD;oef@ (urBmhukvor*~ twGif;
a&;r;csKyfa[mif;) kyfuvmyfudk }uHawmoif;csKdif;wGifo*vf&ef tpDtpOfyvkyfygonf? ausmif;om;ESifhjynfolvlxkonf
rauseyfEdkifI av;pm;*k%fyxdkufaomOD;oef@tm; EdkifiHawmfpsmyetcef;em;yvkyfay;&ef ae0if;ppftpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkcJhyg
onf? jynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;wdk@. awmif;qdkr_udk wHk@jyefr_r&SdI/ aemufqHk; ausmif;om;wdk@ toufaoG;eJ@paw;cJhonfh
ausmif;om;or*~a[mif;ae&mwGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudko*vf+yD; tkwf*lESifh *lAdrmefwnfaqmufygonf?
or*~taqmuftOD;ae&mwGif vkyftm;ay;aeaom jynfol ausmif;om;rsm;/ bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rwGif; OD;oef@kyfuvmyf
udk apmifha&Smufaeaom jynfolausmif;om;rsm;/ t"dywdvrf;ray:wGif tvaiGaumufcHaeaom jynfolausmif;om;rsm;/
OD;oef@kyfuvyfudk aemufqHk;vma&muf*g0&y}uaom jynfolw&yfvHk;.vdktifqENonf pm}unfhwdkuftaqmufOD;ae&mrS
tkwfcsyfrsm;udk wa,mufwvufESifh vufqifhurf;o,f,l wnfaqmufaeonfhtkwf*lwGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk o*vf+yD;
qufvufI OD;oef@*lAdrmefaqmufwnf&efjzpfygonf?
vluav;&,f/ tzGm;vnf; tkwfwcsyfavmuf 0ifo,f,lukodkvfyyg&ap qdkonfh tzGg;wdk@. toHESifhrrsSonfh
vkyftm;jzifh OD;oef@tkwf*laqmuf&mwGif tzGm;tdkvnf; yg0ifvkyftm;ay;cJhygonf? tkwf*lESifh*lAdrmefwnfaqmuf&mwGif
vkyftm;ay;ae}uonfh jynfol/ &[ef;oHCmESifh ausmif;om;wdk@twGuf xrif;xkyfrsm;udk &yfuGufrsm;rS vma&mufvSl'gef;
}uygonf? xrif;xkwfrsm;wGifvnf; ighnDwdk@/ rif;wdk@&JhrSefuefwJhvkyf&yfudk igwdk@tm;ay;w,f? vkyfief;+yD;qHk;onfxd
qufvufvkyfaqmifyg qdkonfhpm&Gufi,fuav;rsm;jzifh jynfolvlxkqENudk ajym}um;aeygonf? xdkwGifru rauseyfEdkif
- 19 -
onfh OuUvmy&yfuGufujynfolwdk@onf ausmif;om;jynfoltrsm;twGuf xrif;xkyftvcHonfhtzGJ@udk wm;jrpfonfh

&Jpcef;udk rD;&SdhzsufqD;vdkufygonf?
bGJ@ESif;obifcef;r&Sd [pfwdkifrdkufukdzkef;rSvnf; ausmif;oluav;wOD;. &ifzGifhcsufed*kH;csKyfpum;vHk;rsm; (usr vuf&Sd
ae0if;ppftpdk;& vkyfyHkudkifzHkav;awGudk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf'Drdkua&pDusus a0bef&wJhtwGuf rsm;pGmrStm;&auseyfvSyg
w,f? tckvdkajymvdk@ usrudkzrf;+yD; axmifcs&ifvnf; usraxmifxJrSmaekHygyJ? bma}umifhvnf;qdkawmh axmifxJrSmrS
xrif;av;rSefrSefpm;&rSm) 'D Eke,faomausmif;oluav; jzpfvifhupm; oluav;.cHpm;&r_wdk@onf jyif;xefvSygonf?
&efukef0dZmody`HwuUodkvfe,fajrwckvkH;onf ajccsp&mr&Sd/ jynfolvlxk}uD;ESifh jynfhv#Haeygonf?
rEWav;aqmif (11) OD; psmyeaumfrDwDtpnf;a0;+yD;onfESifh ausmif;om;rsm; tkyfpkuJGoGm;ygonf? pufr_wuUodkvfrS
ausmif;om;oHk;OD;onf aemufxyfqufvufI psmyetpDpOftpnf;ta0;udk uef@uGufonfhoabmESifh qufvuf rwuf
a&muf}uawmhbJ/ tkwf*lwnfaqmuf&m ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;a[mif;ae&mudk pufr_wuUodkvf.pk&yfvdk@ owf
rSwfvdkufygonf? wa,mufwqifh/ wa,mufem;qdkouJhodk@ OD;oef@.kyfuvmyfudk ausmif;om;jynfolwdk@ ac|;ESifhwnf
aqmufonfhtkwf*lwGif o*vf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufygonf? or*~a[mif;0ef;usifwckvk;H udk pufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
ae&m,lapmifh}uyfvdkufygonf? OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk tkwf*lay:wGif aemufqHk;*g0g& y+yD;jcif; *lydwfo*vf&ef bdvyfajr
(Concrete cement mixture) ESifh y&Hq&m (Masonary) tqifoifh&Sd&ygonf? wufnDvufnD/ wm0efudk,fpDESifh
ausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwf}uygonf?
bJG@ESif;obifcef;rwGifvnf; OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk toufaoG;ESifhumuG,fapmifha&Smufrnfh taocH (12) OD; ausmif;
om; ausmif;olrsm; cGwfa'gif;acgif;pD;eDrsm; OD;xdwfwGifpD;I jcH&Hapmifh}uyfae}uygonf?
'DZifbm (8) &uf/ rGef;wnfh 12 em&D 1974 ckESpf?
bJG@ESif;obifcef;r0ef;usifwckvHk;/ wuUodkvfe,fajr t"dywdvrf;wavsmufvHk;wGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk aemufqHk;
vma&muf *g0g&*k%fy}uaom jynfolrsm;ESifh jynfhv#Haeygonf? ausmif;om;or*~a[mif; ywf0ef;usifwckvHk;udk pufr_
wuUodkvfausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; vufwGJrjywfapmihf}uyfxm;ygonf?
OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rrS rsm;jym;vSonfh ausmif;om;xk}um;rS cJ&mcJqpf ausmif;om;or*~ae&m
a[mif;odk@ o,faqmifvm&avonf?
or*~a[mif;ae&mtkwf*lESifh ,m,D*lArd mefwdk@onf wa,mufwvufeJ@ wnfaqmufcJhygonf? OD;oef@kyfyHkyef;csDum;
csyfonf *k%f&SdvSygonf? tvHawmfoHk;ck v$ifhxlxm;ygonf? Ak'<bmomtvHawmf/ ukvor*~tvHawmfESifh ausmif;om;
or*~ cGwfa'gif;tvHawmfwdk@onf atmif&rnfqdkonfhtoGifaqmifvsuf aumif;uif,HwGif wvlvlvGifh tvHawmfrsm;
wifhw,fx,f0g ysHjrL;ae}uygonf? wcsed fuTae&monf ausmif;om;rsm;pkpnf;&m ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;}uD;
wnf&SdcJhygonf? q&m}uD;OD;oef@onf urBmwGif jrefrmjynfom;wdk@.*k%fudk aqmifcJhonfomru rdrd.aemufqHk;c&D;rSmyif
EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;/ EdkifiHjcm;owif;axmufrsm; aemufqHk;rSwfwrf;wifowif;,l&ef a&muf&Sdae}u&ygonf? xdk@xufru
wcgrSpkpnf;r_r&SdcJhaom bkef;awmf}uD;rsm; te,fe,f&yf&yfrSvma&mufI ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;vufwGJvsufaeonf
rSm tHhzG,f&mjzpfygonf?
OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk ausmif;om;wnfaqmufaom tkwf*la&Shpm;yGJay:wGifwifI/ oHCmawmfrsm;/ OD;oef@rdom;pkrsm;/
EdkifiHjcm;oHwrmefrsm;/ jynfolausmif;om;rsm; aemufqHk;*g0g&y}uygonf?
tpDpOft& OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk uefawmfrifyef;jcHodk@ o,f,lrnf[k a}unmvdkufonfEiS fh OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk
or*~0if;twGif;rS b,fudkrSrxkwf&bl; qdkonfhauG;a}umfoHrsm; wcJeufqlnHoGm;ygawmhonf? or*~ae&ma[mif;a&Sh&Sd
rEWav;aqmifcef;r toHcsJ@pufrS OD;cef@taeESifh jynfolESifhausmif;om;xkudk arwWm&yfcHpum; tenf;i,fajym}um;oGm;yg
onf? OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk ausmif;om;rsm;wnfaqmufxm;aom tkwf*lwGif xm0&o*vf&ef auG;a}umfoHrsm; qlnH
oxuf qlnHvmygonf? tajctaerSm oufqdkif&mausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wpHkwckrSryvkyfygu/ usefausmif;
om;rsm;u twif;0ifa&mufo*vfrnfh tajctaewGif&Sdaeygonf?
aemufqHk; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk ausmif;om;rsm;wnfaqmufaom tkwf*lwGifom
xm0&o*vfrnfjzpfa}umif; a=unmvdkufonfhtcsdefrSom ausmif;om;xkESifhjynfolrsm; vufcHauseyf}uavonf? a=u
nm+yD;onfhtwdkif; ausmif;om;rsm; OD;oef@kyfuvmyf ykckH;ajymif;o,f,l+yD; tkwf*lwGif o*vfvdkufygonf? bdvyfajr
(concrete cement mixture) uvnf; tqifoifhjyifxm;onfhtwGuf/ y&Hq&m (Masonary) vufpGrf;ESifh tkwf*ludk
xm0&ydwfvdkufygonf? atmif+yD atmif+yD atmif+yD [laomauG;a}umfoHrsm; rdk;uJGvkrwwf jrnf[def;oGm;ygonf?
- 20 -
oHCmawmfrsm; y&dwfw&m;em+yD; taocHausmif;om;wyfzGJ@u urBmhukvor*~tvHawmfESifh tkwf*lukdvusfm&pfoHk;ywf/

ywf+yD; tav;yygonf? xdk@aemuf ukvor*~tvHawmfudk tkwf*lxufwGif v$rf;cHvdkufygonf?
if;ae@nbufwGif ae0if;ppftpdk;&bufrS jrefrmhtoHuwqifh ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;oef@rdom;pk.qENudkjiif;y,fI
ausmif;om;rsm;wnfaqmufonfhtkwf*lwGif OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk o*vfa}umif;/ pm}unfhwdkuftaqmuftOD;twGuf
xm;aom aqmufvkyfa&;ypPnf;rsm;udk tvJGoHk;pm;yvkyf+yD; tkwf*laqmufonfhtwGuf/ jynfolydkifypPnf;zsufqD;r_ESifh ta&;
,lay;&ef/ &efukefwdkif;aqmufvkyfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;rS pmydk@a}umif; a=unmygonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh *lAdrmefqufvufwnfaqmuf&ef/ taocHwyfzJG@trnfwyfum +idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD;OD;oef@
twGuf toufudky"merxm;bl; qdkonfhcH,lcsufESifh OD;oef@tkwf*ludk apmifha&Smufxm;ygonf? rauseyfEdkifonfh jynfol
vlxk}uD;ESifhausmif;om;wdk@onf ae0if;ppftpdk;&. wygwD0g'udk qufvufuef@uGuf qENjyae}uygonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;onf ydkrdkIpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfvmygonf? wOD;udkwOD; nDtpfudkarmifESrozG,f apmifha&Smuf}uygonf?
ae0if;ppftpdk;&. olv#Kdtrftdkif (Military Intelligence-MI) rsm;udk rsufajcrjywfppfaq;I zrf;rdaomtrftdkifrsm;udk
ausmif;om;rsm;u kdufESufowday;vdkuf}uygonf?
w&uf ESpf&uf ausmif;om;rsm;onf qufvufI *lAdrmef+yD;pD;a&;twGuf qufvufvyk fudkifae}uygonf? oHCm
awmfrsm;/ ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;ESifh jynfolwdk@onf ae0if;ppftpdk;&. owif;pmrsm;ESifha&'D,kdwdk@rS trsKd;rsKd;_wfcs
a0zefr_rsm;udk cH,lae}u&ygonf?
oHk;&ufajrmufae@ 'DZifbm (10) &ufae@ 1974 ckESpf ae0if;ppfwyfonf ausmif;om;rsm;udkEdSrfeif;&ef wdwfwqdwf pDrH
ygonf?ppfwyfonf &efukef0dZmody`HwuUodkvfe,fajrwckvHk;udk odrf;ydkufvdkufygonf? e,fajrwckvHk;twGif;odk@
t0iftxGufudk ydwfvdkufygonf? 11-12-74 reuf 2 em&DwGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhqENjyolrsm; trsm;pktdyfarmuscsdef
avmufwGif t"dywdvrf;&Sd t"duyifr0ifaygufwHcg;}uD;tm; u&def;}uD;jzifhwGef;vSefzsufqD;I ausmif;0if;twGif; 0ifa&muf
zrf;qD;}uygonf? xdkodk@0ifa&muf&mwGif bJG@ESif;obifcef;rae&muGufvyftm; rD;armif;rsm;xdk;+yD; &Jrsm;u 'dkif;umrsm;/
vufudkifwkwfrsm;jzifh pwif0ifa&muf+yD; rsufa&AHk;rsm; ajraumfpufrsm;/ armfawmfum;rsm;toHk;y+yD; qENjyolrsm;tm;
vlpkcGJum OD;oef@tkwf*ltm;vnf;zdcsI kyfuvmyftm; jyefvnfazmf,l+yD; a&$wd*Hkbk&m;teD; uefawmfrifyef;jcHab;&Sd ocif
udk,fawmfr_dif;tkwf*lab;ae&modk@ nwGif;yifajymif;a&$@jrKyfESHygonf? xdkodk@ }urf;wrf;pGmzsufqD; zrf;qD;onfhtwGuf ausmif;
om;wcsKd@ aoqHk;cJh}u&ygonf? wcsKd@rSmawmh ppfzdeyfpmxdI tkd;usKd; wkwfrsm;.kdufcsuf'%fa}umifh acgif;uJG+yD;vJusol
rsm;vnf;&Sdygonf? vufeufrJhaom jynfol oHCmawmfrsm; ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsKyfum;ay:odk@ twif;t"rR zrf;qD;
wifaqmifI nwGif;csif;yif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifodk@ ydk@ygonf? o,faqmif&mppfum;.taemufydkif; trdk;tumrJhwGif
tm;vkH;udk yqpf'l;wkwf/ vufESpfzufudk acgif;ay:wif/ acgif;ikH@ v_yfr&atmifxdkifcdkif;+yD;/ ppfum;.aemufydkif; av;buf
a'gifhwGif ppfom;av;OD;onf/ *sDo&D;aoewfrsm;ESifh csdefxm;ygonf? ppfkyf&Siu
f m;rsm;wGif ppfyJGrStusOf;orm;rsm;udk zrf;qD;
ouJhodk@ ae0if;ppftpdk;&onf ausmif;om; jynfol &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk rw&m;zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifcJhygonf?
nydkif;rSpwifzrf;qD;+yD; tif;pdefaxmifodk@ydk@aqmifaom aemufqHk;ppfum;onf eHeuf (*) em&Dtcsdefxdjzpfygonf? Tjrif
uGif;onf jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;twGuf &ifeifhzG,f&m rwwfomvdk@ vufydkuf}unfhae&onfh tajctaewGif a&muf&Sdaeyg
onf?
jrefrmAk'<bmomxHk;pHudkrS*krpdkuf/ tkw*f ludkazmufcJG+yD; o*vf+yD;onfhkyfuvmyfudkxkwf,ljcif;/ jynfol/ oHCmawmf
ESifh ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwfzrf;qD;jcif; qdkonfhowif;udk}um;onfh jynfolvlxk}uD;rSm
ae0if;ppftpdk;&.vkyf&yfudk vufcHEdkifpGrf;r&SdonfhtqHk; eHeuf *;30 tcsdefavmufwGif &efukefrd@wGif tpdk;&ESifhoufqdkifonfh
jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfygwD ,lepfkH;rsm;/ &Jpcef;rsm;/ kyf&SifkHtcsKd@udk rD;_d@zsufqD; wefjyeft}urf;zufqENjy}uygonf?
igwdk@wygwDaumif;pm;a&; qdk&S,fvpf0g'udk xdyg;vm&ifawmh ae0if;ppftpdk;&onf rnfoludkrS toufcsrf;omay;
rnfr[kwfa}umif; wkyfjynfrS uGefjrLepfacgif;aqmif}uD; armfpDwkef;.pum;ESifhEd_if;I tm%monf aoewfajymif;0wGif
&Sda}umif; jynfolvlxk}uD;tm; vufawG@owfjzwfjyygonf?
ppfwyf.ajymi;f0udk jynfolwdk@tm; csdef&G,fypfcwfESdrfeif;ygonf? &efukefrd@wGif;wGif aoewfoHrsm; zHk;v$rf;vsuf
vlaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm aoG;ajruscJh&ygonf? &efukefrd@wGif;0,f ppfe,fajrouJhodk@ wifhum;}uD;ESifhvSnfhvnfvsuf/ *sDo&D;
aoewf}uD;rsm;ESifh ypfcwfaeygonf? &efukefrd@wGif;udkvnf; ppftkyfcsKyfa&;a'otjzpfowfrSwf+yD;/ nrxGuf&trdef@rsm;
xkwfjyefygonf? zrf;qD;rdonfhjynfolrsm;udk jynfolydkifypPnf; csKd;azmufzsufqD;r_qdkonfh rw&m;yk'frwyfcg axmif (3) ESpfrS
axmif (5) ESpfcsum tpGrf;jyaeygonf? OD;oef@psmyeudpPwGifyg0ifaom jynfol oHCmawmf ausmif;om;rsm;udk ae0if;
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ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trftdkif (MI) yk*~dKvfrsm;udktoHk;yvsuf aetdrfrsm;rS vdkufvHzrf;qD;ygonf? Eke,fi,f&G,fvSonfh

ausmif;om;uav;rsm;yifrcsef tif;pdefaxmifxJoGif;xm;ygonf?
&maygif;rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;ESifhjynfol &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; toufqHk;_H;cJhygonf? axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom
ausmif;om; jynfolwdk@udk axmifcsxm;onf? usefausmif;om;rsm;onf tdk;ypftdrfypf ynma&;qHk;H_qHk;cH+yD; olwdk@.
zrf;qD;r_rS a&Smifwdrf;ae&ygonf? a&Smifwdrf;ae&aom ausmif;om;wcsKd@onf awmwGif;awmfvSefa&;tzJG@pnf;rsm;odk@ wcsKd@
a&muf}uygonf? wcsKd@vnf; EdkifiHjcm;wdik f;jynfrsm;odk@ cdk;xGufyHk;vsSKdae&ygonf? olwdk@.b0a&S@a&;onf rnfuJhodk@zefwD;
rnfudkum; rnfolurSrajymEdkifatmifjzpfygonf?
aumufcH&&Sdaom&HyHkaiG 300000 usyf rnfolxHwGif&Sdaeonfudk pma&;oltaeESifh owif;rSefrod&Sdaomfvnf; pm;&rJh
aomuf&rJh 0wf&rJhtajctae}um;rS TrsSaomaiGyrm%udk OD;oef@*lAdrmefwnfaqmuf&ef v'gef;}uaom vlxk}uD;.
apwemudk od&SdEdkifygonf?
*k%fyxdkufoludk *k%fy&rnfqdkonfudk omrmeftod^m%f&Sdolwa,mufyif od&Sdygonf? urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD;
OD;oef@udk todOm%f&Sdonfh vlom;tm;vHk;u xdkufoifhpGmo*vf&ef ud;pm;cJhaomfvnf; rarsSmfvifhonfh wkef@jyefcsufrsm;
a}umifh jrifraumif; }um;raumif; toufrsm;pGmpaw;+yD; aoG;ajrusum +idrf;csrf;a&;zcif}uD;psmyetcrf;tem;udk +yD;qHk;
vdkuf&ygonf?
&ifaoG;i,fwdkif; ,Ofaus;vdrRm&rnf
&ifaoG;i,fwdk@urBm +idrf;at;om,m&rnf
&ifaoG;wdk@acwf qef;opfa0qm&rnf
a'gufwmrif;wifrGef
ta&;}uD;qHk;aom +idrf;csrf;a&;udk EdkifiHa&;orm;vufxJwGif rxm;oifhyg
OD;oef@ (urBmhukvor*~/ twGif;a&;r;csKyfa[mif;)
Peace is too important to be left exclusively to the politicians.
UThant (Former UN Secretary-General)
ywfrd@ (Perth, W. Australia) ausmif;om;rsm;. aw;oDcsif;?

urBmra}ubl;
urBmra}ubl; igwdk@aoG;eJ@a&;cJh}uwJh armfuGef;awG
awmfvSefa&; 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyJGtwGif;rSm usqHk;aom
a}omf ol&Jaumif;wdk@a&
tmZmenfawG aewJhwdkif;jynf &J&Jawmuf'dk@jrefrmjynf
udk,fawmfr_dif; &mZ0ifawGvnf; &dkif;cJh&+yDtzdk;a&
ocifatmifqef; EdkifiHawmfvnf; aoG;pGef;cJh+yD tza&
a}omf vkyf&uf}uay ayw&may:rSm jynfoltavmif;awG
twkH;tkH;eJ@ vJydumae
nDtpfudkwdk@ayw&may:rSmpD;wJhaoG;awG rajcmufao;bl;
rawGa0eJ@'Drdkua&pDwdkufyJGtwGif;rSmusqHk;aom
a}omfol&Jaumif;wdk@awG tcdkiftrmyDjyif awmfvSefypfyav
'dk@cspfwJh 'dk@jrefrmjynf
*********************************************************************************
wcsdefu 'DZifbm 1974 ckESpf/ usaemfonf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfwGif rSm;wJhtcsdefeJ@ rSm;wJhae&ma&mufcJhonf[k

xifcJhygonf? Ttcsdefonf usaemfhtwGuf trSefqHk;tcsdefjzpfcJhonfomru usaemf.rSefaomae&monf &efukefpufr_
wuUodkvfjzpfcJhygonf? odk@r[kwfygu usaemfonf Tae@Tae&mudk a&muf&Sdrnfr[kwfyg?
pufr_wuUodkvfpdk;0if;
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arv(20)2002
aemful;r.trSwfw&
aX;aX;0if; (74)
5/12/74 &ufae@n pm=unfhpm;yGJay:rSm pmudkpdwfr0ifpm;bJ zwfaecsdef n (8) em&D jrefrmhtoHowif;udk em;axmif
aeaom arar.tpfudk zsmyHkrd@e,ftrwf (zqyv) Adkvfbwifhu ae0if;uawmhvkyfcsvdkufjyef+yD ajymawmh usru
bmjzpfvdk@vJ bb ar;wJhtcg OD;oef@udk ol@rdef;ra':cifaroef;&J@ *lajc&if;rSm ay;vdkufw,f/ OD;oef@vdkvlrsKd;udkawmh 'Dvdk
vkyfzdk@raumif;bl;vdk@ajymw,f?
usru bmrSrodao;wJh t-x-u (4) wmarGu (7) wef;ausmif;olqdkawmh OD;oef@qdkwmb,folvJ vdk@ar;vdkuf
w,f? OD;oef@[m (UN) rSmwwd,urBmppf}uD;rjzpfatmif olpGrf;aqmifcJhvdk@ urBm@EdkifiHtoD;oD;u odyfawmfwJhOD;oef@
b,fuvJ ar;awmhrS OD;oef@[mArm/ Arm[mb,frSmvJqkdrS jrefrmjynfajryHkav;udk urBmuodatmif trsKd;*k%f
aqmifwJhOD;oef@udk xdkufwefwJhAdrmefwckawmh vkyfay;oifhw,fvdk@ bbuajymawmh usrwdk@jrefrmvlrsKd;xJrSm 'Davmuf
awmfwJhvludk wtm;*k%fycsifwJhpdwfawG &&SdcJhw,f? 'ghtjyif ae0if;[m ocifEkqDutm%mudk rw&m; 1962 up+yD;
odrf;ydkufcJhvdk@ ae0if;udkt&rf;rkef;cJhw,f? oltkyfcsKyfwJhtcsdefup+yD; ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;udkzsufqD; jrefrmvlrsKd;
jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;udk zsufqD;owfjzwfcJhwm vlwdkif;todygyJ?
AdkvfcsKyfaoqHk;oGm;jcif;[m jrefrmvlrsKd;awG@&J@b0 aoqHk;oGm;ovdk jzpfcsif&mawGjzpfysufukefw,fqdk+yD; bbu
usrudk tjrJwrf; em;oGif;cJhw,f?usrtouft&G,feJ@ 'gawGodvm&jcif;[m usrbba=umifhyJjzpfygw,f?
aemufwae@reuf ausmif;oGm;r,fqdk+yD; oli,fcsif;cifoufrmeJ@ESpfa,muf OD;oef@psmye&Sd&m wuUodkvfausmif;0if;
twGif;udk vrf;av#muf+yD;vmcJh&m "rRm&Hka&S@ vSnf;wef;rD;yGdKifhxdyfudk a&mufvmcJhawmh nae 3;30 &Sdae+yD? vltkyfudkawG@+yD;
oli,fcsif;u olrvdkufawmhbl;qdkwmeJ@ usr[m bGJ@ESif;obifcef;ra&S@udk a&muf&SdoGm;+yD; txJrSm OD;oef@&J@tacgif;ay:
+idrf;csrf;a&;tvHtkyf+yD; pifjrifhay:wifxm;wm usrawG@vdkuf&w,f?
&[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;vlxkawG tvkyfrsm;ae=uw,f? usru ausmif;om;tpfudkwa,mufudkoGm;+yD; usr txu
(4) wmarGu (7) wef;ausmif;olyg? OD;oef@psmyejzpfajrmufa&;twGuf yg0ifcsifvdk@ygoGm;ajymawmh/ oluusrudk uav;r
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wa,mufjzpfa=umif;/ OD;oef@vdkyk*~dKvfwa,muf[m *k%fyxdkufolwa,mufjzpfa=umif;/ ae0if;[m ol@xufomvdk@ remvdk
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w,f? tJ'geJ@ usr[m t0wfwxnfudk,fwckeJ@ ausmif;0if;xJrSmae+yD; ae0if;tpdk;&raumif;a=umif;w&m;udk &ufquf
a[maewm (10) &ufae@rSm arareJ@tpfrawGu usrwdk@udk zrf;awmhr,fqdkwmodvdk@ vmac:w,f? *dwfrSmwm0efuswJh
tpfudkwa,mufu aX;aX;/ eifhtareJ@tpfrvdk@ajymw,f/ oGm;awG@rvm;vdk@ vmac:w,f? usru tarr&Sd/ tpfrr&Sd/
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wef;pD+yD; um;ay:wufzdk@ apmifhae&ygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm *ludk u&def;eJ@qGJwifaewm awG@&ygw,f? reuf (5;50) em&DrSm
tif;pdefaxmifudk a&muf&SdcJhygw,f?
usrwdk@eJ@b0wl ausmif;om;ol/ jynfol aps;a&mif;olutp trsKd;orD; (167) a,muf tzrf;cHcJh&w,f? (12) &uf
ae@reuf (9) em&DavmufrSm axmifydkifeJ@ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; (4-5) OD;cef@u ausmif;olawGxGufcJhvdk@ajymawmh usr tcef;
xJuaexcsdefrSm twlwlvkyfcJhwJh pkpkrm idkw,f? ola=umufw,fwJh? usrudkrxGufygeJ@wJh? usru vkyf&Jw,f cH&Jw,f?
xGufr,fqdk+yD; xGufcJhawmh ausmif;ol (7) a,mufavmuf&Sdr,f/ usrwkd@xGufwJhvlawGxJrSm axmufvSrf;a&;wa,mufu
eifwdk@xJrSm aemful;rqdkwm b,folvJ vdk@ar;wJhtcg usrux+yD; usryJvdk@ajymvdkufawmh aemufuae ajcaxmufudk
jzwf&dkufvdkufwm a&S@udkvJusawmh rsufESmudkapmifeJ@tkyf+yD; ppfa=uma&;&Hk;cef;xJrmS yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;eJ@ tppfaq;cHcJh&ygw,f?
axmifqdkwm edAmefr[kwfrSef;odayrJh usrvHk;0ra=umufcJhygbl;? tpuxJu olwdk@awmfvSef&if 'Dvdkjzpfr,fqdkwm
usr&J@bbu erlem&Sd+yD;om;yJ/ ra=umufvdk@vkyfcJhwJhtwGuf aoonfhtxd usraemifwr&bl;?
- 23 -
em&DeJ@ae@&ufawGrSm usrb,frSm&Sdw,f? bmawGvkyfw,f/ ae0if;raumif;a=umif;awG a[mcJhw,fvdk@ tppfcHcJhw,f?

usr 'DvdkawGa[majymwm b,folajrmufay;vdk@vJwJh? usru b,folrSajrmufay;wm r[kwfbl;/ usrpdwfeJ@usr vkyfwm
vdk@ajymcJhw,f? 'gtrSefyJ? 1975 ckESpfxJrSm bbudk (4) v ac:zr;fcJhao;w,f?
7-4-75 ckESpf tif;pdefppfcHk&Hk; (1) rSm Adkvfr;v_difbGm; (a&wyf) uOD;pD;+yD; tvkyf=urf;eJ@axmif'%f (5) ESpfcscJhw,f?
trsKd;orD; (167) a,mufxJrSm (166) a,mufvGwf+yD; usrwa,mufxJ axmifuscJhw,f?
usrwdk@ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkwifarmifOD;udk ajcmufvHk;jyL;wvufeJ@ vSnf;wef;rSm zrf;qD;cJhw,f? ol@udk vlowf
vufeufudkifqmifr_eJ@ raorcsif;ud;uGif;pGyfIowfap qdk+yD;ud;rdef@ay;cJhw,f? ()&uf ae@ reuf (5) em&DrSm usrwdk@aemuf
zuf vlowfpifrSm a=u;pnfwD;+yD;ac:oGm;wJhae@[m usraxmifxJrSm ta=uuGJqHk;ae@wae@ygyJ?
axmifxJrSm (3) ESpf (4) vaecJh+yD; (7-4-78) &ufae@rSm axmifuvGwfcJhygw,f? axmifuxGufwkef;u usr wdkufydwf
cHae&wJhtcef;u xGufcJh&ygw,f?
axmifuxGufvdk@ ausmif;tyfzdk@ ausmif;udka&mufawmh &moufyef ausmif;uxkwfvdkuf+yDwJh? ae0if;tpdk;& a=unm
wJhausmif;om; (52) a,mufrSm usrwa,mufyJ rdef;uav;/ toufti,fqHk;/ eHywf (52) jzpfvdk@ygyJ?
1988 ckESpf ta&;tcif;jzpfvmwJh tcsdefrSm usrwdk@ 1974 OD;oef@/ 1975 a&$wd*Hkoydwf/ 1976 ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;
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- 24 -
vnf; tcsdefydkif;0ifulay;=uw,f? 1982 ck ESpfukefydkif;avmufrSm yJcl;dk;rjyefqif;&if; wyf&if;r;Adkvfrif;odef;wdk@eJ@twl usqHk;

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jzpfol) qdk&if (10) &ufae@usrS tjyifrSmaecJhzdk@ vdktyfwJhtwGuf vkyfazmfudkifbufawG&J@qHk;jzwfcsufeJ@ jyefxGufoGm;&wm
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- 25 -
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- 26 -
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- 27 -
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zdk@twGuf tvm;tvm&Sdaeawmh vufckyf=obmoHtpm; y&dowfqDu tkwfcJusKd;eJ@ajymif;zl;dk;awGyJ &vmavtHk;rvm;
pOf;pm;awG;awmaerdw,ff?
bmyJjzpfjzpfaygh tar&,f? avmavmq,fawmh om;udktarvnf;rykdifbl;? om;ukd,fom;vnf;rydkifbl;? 'Dntpnf;
ta0;rSm taygif;toif;aumif;awG wu,fnDw,fqdk&ifawmh t0DpdudkyJoGm;oGm; om;vdkufawmhr,fvdk@ qHk;jzwfxm;
w,f? tarhom; olwdk@vdktm;r&SdayrJh awmifhxm;ygw,f?
ab;urdkbdkif;zkef; wywf&pfav;&J@toHu wdk;vdkufus,fvdkuf
- 29 -
uvif... uvif/ uvif... uvif/ qwfueJ acgif;axmif=unfhvdkufw,f? atmf 'g rEWav;aqmif&J@ tcef;xJrSmrS
r[kwfbJ? rJaqmufwdkufcef;av; wcef;xJrSmygvm;? c&D;uH/ vrf;uH/ usD;vef@pmpm;/ acwWwnf;cdkae&wJhigygvm;? tif;...
zkef;uawmh rudkifrcsif; qufatmfaer,fhyHkyJ? [Jvdk... trdef@&Sdyg? usaemfapmvSaiGyg? bmudpP&SdygovJ? [Jvdk... usr
aX;aX;0if; (74) av tpfudk? toHrrSwfrdbl;vm;? atmf... rdaemfvm;? uJ... ajym ajym/ tpfudkem;axmifaew,f?
'Dvdk tpfudk&J@... ? ESpfywfvnf&ufeD;vm+yDav? tpfudk@qDupmrlawG tqifoifhjzpf+yDvm;? tJh'g vSrf;owday;wm? tpfudk
u c%c%arhwwfw,fqdkvdk@av?
aus;Zl;yJ aX;aX;a&? tpfudkvnf; pma&;aeusr[kwfawmhbl;? a&;+yD;jyefzwf/ ruduf&ifqkwf+zJeJ@ wcgrSr+yD;Edkif
awmhbl;? bmyJjzpfjzpf w&ufESpf&uftwGif; tpfudkt+yD;owfEdkifrSmyg? aus;Zl;yJaemf? +yD;wmeJ@ udkat;atmifqD tjrefqHk;
ydk@ay;vdkufr,f... bdkif... bdki.f .. ?
apm{&mvd_if
OD;oef@ta&;tcif; rdrdukd,fawG@jzpfpOf
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tv,fwef;ausmif;om;b0a&mufawmh ynma&;ta=umif;/ ausmif;om;wa,muf&J@ b0&nfrSef;csuf[m bmvJqkd
wmawGudk tawmftoifh odvmcJh&ygw,f? txufwef;ausmif;om;b0 a&mufvmawmh ausmif;om;b0EdkifiHa&;tod
rdbrsm;&J@ awmfvSefa&;tawG@tuHrsm;vnf; odcJh&awmh a&S@qufoGm;&rnfh rdrdtem*gwfb0 ar#mfrSef;csufrsm;vnf; &SdcJhyg
w,f?
usaemfhrdbrsm; uGefjrLepfygwDrSm wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; yJcl;kd;r anmifav;yifckdif aus;awmpk&GmrSm usaemfeJ@ usaemfh
tukdukd arG;cJhw,fvkd@ tar&J@ajymjycsuft& odcJh&ygw,f? taz&@Jtaygif;toif;rdwfaqGrsm; tdrfukdvmvnfwkdif; olwkd@
ajymjy=uwJhpum;awG/ tazh&J@'kdif,m&DawG zwfcJhrdwJhtod[m usaemfh&J@ txufwef;ausmif;om;b0rSm wuUokdvfa&muf
+yD; bGJ@wckck&atmif ud;pm;r,f? bJGJ@&+yD;&if bmvkyfr,fqkdwmawG usaemfhtawG;xJrSm trsm;}uD;&SdcJhygw,f?
usaemfhtaz&J@ ajymaeuspum;wcGef; em;xJrSmpGJaew,f? a,musfm;yDowJh vlwa,muf[m
(1) bGJ@wck&&r,f/
(2) &[ef;wufzl;&r,f/
(3) axmifuszl;&r,f/
vdk@ajymcJhw,f? eHygwf (1) eJ@ (2) ukdawmh tawG;xJrSm &Sif;w,f? (3) tcsufukdawmh pOf;pm;p&mawGtrsm;}uD;eJ@ tawG;
rsm;cJh&w,f?
tazuusaemfhukd ajymcJhwJh t"dutcsuf&Sdao;w,f? rif; 0dZmbJG@,l&r,f? (LLB) bGJ@ukdajymwmyg? tazh&nf&G,f
csufu usaemfhukd EdkifiHa&;vkdif;bufukd v_yf&Sm;apcsifw,fvkd@ xifygw,f? uHtm;avsmfpGmyJ usaemfwkd@acwfrSm (8) wef;
tpdk;&ppf yxrOD;qkH;ESpfrSmyJ 0dZmeJ@atmifcJhygw,f?
wuUokdvfa&mufcsifaZmeJ@ pmud;pm;cJhygw,f? usaemfwkd@&Gmbk&m;ysKdrS a0grd@ukd ajcvsif (45) rdepf/ tazmfrsm;eJ@ (8)
wef;atmiftxd wufcJhygw,f? (8) wef;atmif+yD; (9) wef; (10) wef;ukd a0grd@txueJ@ yJcl;trSwf (4) 0dZmausmif;rSm
wufcJhw,f? usaemf wuUokdvfra&mufjzpfcJhwJhta=umif; jzpfvmcJhygawmhw,f?
usaemfhyifukd,fADZ r[kwf&ifrcHcsifwJhpdwf taygif;toif;rsm;twGufqkd&if tjrJwrf; acgif;ra&SmifcsifwJhpdwf&SdwJhusaemf
yJcl;trSwf (3) ody`Hausmif; ESpf (50) ajrmufa&$&wkobif nwnrSm usaemf yJcl;qHawmfwGif;&yfuGufae+yD; yGJoGm;=unfh
cJhw,f? tJh'DnrSmyJ trSwf (4) ausmif;rSoli,fcsif;rsm;eJ@ vrf;o&Jrsm; kduf=uygw,f?
vdyfjymuefa'gifh/ jr0wDykHESdyfwkdufem;rSm n (11) cGJcef@rSm usaemfvnf;ygoGm;+yD; &efjzpf=uygw,f? usaemfwkd@vlenf;vkd@
ajy;cJh&w,f? trSwf (4) ausmif;a&mufawmh vlpk+yD; aemufae@tpDtpOfqGJjzpfw,f? aemufae@ ausmif;wufcgeD; nu
&efjzpfwJhxJygwJh tjcm;tkyfpkrS trSwf (5) eJ@ (6) ausmif;rS (2) a,muf usaemfwkd@ausmif;a&S@ pufbD;eJ@tvm
usaemfeJ@pHodef; (abmvkH;orm;) (2) a,muf ausmif;a&S@rSmxGuf+yD;kdufvkd@ twGif;vlemtjzpf aq;kHwifvkduf&+yD;/ usaemf
wkd@ (2) a,muf ausmif;xkwfcHvkduf&ygw,f?
a&mufcsifvSwJh wuUokdvfeJ@vnf; a0;cJh&ygw,f? (2) }udrf tjyifrSajzawmhvnf; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;xJa&mufaeawm
(10) wef;ratmifcJhyg?
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usaemf pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJa&mufaecsdef a0grd@txurSm (10) wef; (bD) eJ@atmifcJh=uwJhxJu oHacsmif;u vuf

axmufrD;&xm;kHykdif vkyfaew,f? tkef;=unfu tif;pdefpDtkdif'DrSm 'k&Jtkyfjzpfaeygw,f?
OD;oef@ tar&duefe,l;a&mufaq;kHrSm aoqkH;oGm;a=umif;eJ@ ol@&J@kyftavmif;ukd jrefrmjynfjyefykd@+yD; *loGif;o*vfr,f
vkd@od&awmh 0rf;omrdw,f? *k%f,lrdw,f?
0rf;om&jcif;u jrefrmjynfom;wa,mufjzpfwJh EdkifiHacgif;aqmif (ukvor*~twGif;a&;r;csKyf) wOD;u aoonfh
wkdifatmif rdrdEdkifiHukdjyef+yD; ta&mufvmcsifwJhol/ rdrdwkdif;jynfukdcspfwJhol/ wefzkd;xm;wJhol/ EdkifiHh*k%fukd xdrf;odrf;csifwJhol
wOD;ygvm;vkd@od+yD; 0rf;om&jcif;yg?
*k%f,lrdwmu urBmhukvor*~rSm wkdif;jynfuay;vkdufwJhwm0efukd qxufxrf;ykd; tvkyfwm0efausyGefatmif vkyf
EdkifcJhwJhol/ urBmwckvkH;&Sdjynfolrsm;/ acgif;aqmifrsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS *k%fyrSwfwrf;wifavmufatmif vkyfEdkifcJhwJhol
jrefrmjynfom;wa,mufygvm;vkd@ *k%f,lrdcJh&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
usaemfukd,fwkdif wuUokdvfausmif;om;wOD; rjzpfcJhayrJh &efukef0dZmody`HwuUokdvf/ aq;wuUokdvf(2)/ pufr_wuUokdvf
(orkdif;aqmifrsm;)/ usaemfhtukdwufcJhwJh tif;pdef (*sDwDtkdif) pufr_ody`Hausmif;rsm;ukd usaemfhtpfudkeJ@a&mufcJhbl;ygw,f?
OD;oef@tavmif; &efukefa&mufwmeJ@ oGm;csifcJhygw,f? 'gayrJh ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh (10) &ufae@ &efukef0dZmody`H
wuUokdvf0if;tm; ppftkyfpkrS0ifa&mufrzrf;cif ae@wae@rS oGm;jzpfygw,f?
usaemfeJ@usaemfholi,fcsif; vufaxmufkHykdifoHacsmif;wkd@ESpfOD; &efukefoGm;r,f? wuUokdvf0if;xJoGm;r,fvkd@ qkH;jzwf+yD;
vmcJh=uygw,f/
&efukefa&muf&if a0grd@txurS (at) jzifhatmifcJhol oli,fcsif;a&$vS (pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvf aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om;)
eJ@oGm;awG@r,f? oli,fcsif;wa,mufjzpfwJh tif;pdefpDtkdif'D0if;xJ rdom;pkeJ@aewJh 'k&Jtkyfoli,fcsif;tkef;=unftdrfrSm wnf;
r,fqkd+yD; oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf a0grSpxGufcJh=uygw,f?
eHeuf (7) em&DpxGufwJhum;eJ@ &efukefukdvmcJh=uygw,f? &efukef0ifcgeD; axmuf=uH@&mbmawmxJ&Sd vSnf;vrf;
(ajreDvrf;) =um;ukd usaemfwkd@ESpfa,muf vSrf;=unfhrdw,f? jrif&wJhjrifuGif;u &efukeft0ifb,fbufrSmyg? TE 11 um;
rsm; wef;pD+yD;&yfxm;wm awG@&ygw,f? ae@vnf 10 cGJavmufrmS yg? usaemfpdwf0ifpm;rdw,f? usaemfholi,fcsif;ukdvnf;
ajym+yD; a[haumif/ [kdrSmppfum;awG trsm;}uD;wef;pD+yD; &yfxm;wmawG awG@vm;? &JabmfawGvnf; vufeuftjynfhtpkHeJ@
wifxm;w,fuGvkd@ ESpfa,muf=unfh&if;eJ@ vrf;rSmajymjzpfcJhygw,f? bm&,fvkd@awmh rajymjyEdkifwJh tawG;awGeJ@vmcJh&if;
tif;pdefpDtkdif'Dem;a&mufawmh bwfpfum;ay:rSqif;+yD; usaemfwkd@oli,fcsif; 'k&Jtkyftkef;=unf&J@tdrfukd vkdufar;+yD; a&mufcJh
=uygw,f?
tkef;=unftdrfukda&mufawmh usaemhfoli,fcsif;u vmuG oli,fcsif;wkd@/ xkdif=uOD;? bmvmvkyfvJ? b,frSmwnf;rvJ?
b,foGm;rvkd@vJ? ar;cGef;rsm;ar;+yD; igawmh tvkyfawG_yfaew,fvkd@ ajymygw,f? ol@trsK;d orD;u a&aEG;=urf;tkd;eJ@
pm;p&m,l+yD; vmcsay;w,f? usaemfwkd@vnf; pm;&if;/ aomuf&if;/ usaemfwkd@ESpfa,muf vm&if;udpPukd ajymjyygw,f?
tkef;=unf/ igwkd@ &efukefwuUokdvf0if;xJrSm&SdwJh OD;oef@tavmif;ukd oGm;=unfhcsifw,f? aemuf+yD; a&$vS txJrSm&Sd
w,fvkd@ od&w,f? ol@qDvnf; oGm;awG@csifvkd@ajymjyygw,f?
usaemfholi,fcsif;tkef;=unfu ausmif;rSmxJu yef;csDynmukd u|rf;usifoljzpfygw,f? a[haumifawG/ rif;wkd@ owdxm;
+yD; oGm;=unfh=u? igbmvkyfaew,fvkd@ rif;wkd@xifovJvkd@ ar;ygw,f? olu yGifhyGifhvif;vif;yJajymygw,f? wrd@xJom;
tcspfqkH;oli,fcsif;awGjzpf=uygw,f?
olvkyfaewmawG ajymjyw,f? ig pDtkdif'DrSm&SdwJh qkdifu,feJ@um;eHygwfawGtm;vkH; topfjyefa&;aew,fvkd@ ajymjy
ygw,f? [kwfygw,f? ol uufaq;eJ@ eHygwfjym;trsm;}uD;ukd jyefa&;wmjzpfygw,f?
rif;wkd@ b,frSmtdyf=urvJ? ightdrfrSmyJ jyefvmtdyf=uuGm? igxrif;csufxm;r,f vkd@ajymygw,f? usaemfwkd@uvnf;
wuUokdvf0if;xJ a&mufcsifae+yD? oli,fcsif;vSa&$ESifhvnf; awG@csifae+yDqkdawmh oleJ@ c%pum;ajym+yD; igwkd@'DrSmyJ jyefvm
tdyfr,f? oGm;tkH;r,fuGm vkd@ajym+yD; &efukefwuUokdvf0if;xJukd xGufvmcJh=uygw,f?
wuUokdvf0if;ukd vSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh t&yfom;awG/ ausmif;om;awG trsm;}uD; t0iftxGufvkyfaewm awG@&yg
w,f? 0if;em;a&mufawmh usaemfwkd@ukd t&yf0wfeJ@vlwcsKd@ wukd,fvkH;ukdESH@atmif &SmazGppfaq;jcif;cH&ygw,f? ppfaq;cH+yD;
t"dywdvrf; t0ifaygufa&mufawmh tvSLcHwJh aiGzvm;ukdifausmif;olrsm;/ ezl;rSm ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;pnf;xm;wJh
ausmif;om;rsm;ukd awG@&ygw,f? wcsKd@ t0ifuwHcg;wkdifxdyfrSm xkdifaewmvnf; awG@&ygw,f?
t0ifutvSLcHausmif;olrsm;zvm;xJukd wa,muf (25) usyfwefw&GufpDxnfh+yD; 0ifcJh=uygw,f? OD;oef@tkwf*leJ@
OD;oef@yef;csDum;}uD;uvnf; tkwf*l&J@aemufrSm axmifqJGxm;wmawG awG@&ygw,f? zvm;xJ ykdufqHtvSLaiGxnfh+yD;wmeJ@
- 31 -
wck owdoGm;&vkdufygw,f? oHacsmif;a&/ wkd@awG@cJhwJh vrf;uppfum;awG &yfxm;wJhta=umif; owif;ykd@ay;&ifaumif;r,f

vkd@vnf;ajymrdw,f? oHacsmif;uvnf; at;/ aumif;w,f? b,fol@ajym&rvJ vkd@ar;w,f? 'geJ@ usaemfwkd@vnf; ezl;pnf;
pnf;xm;wJh ausmif;om;wa,mufukd usaemfwkd@ a0guae vmwJhausmif;om;awGyg? vrf;rSmawG@cJhwm ajymjyrvkd@? b,fol@
ukdajymjyjy&rvJ vkd@ar;ygw,f? tJh'Dausmif;om;uvnf; owif;ay;vkd@&r,fh ausmif;om;rsm;ukd jyay;ygw,f? usaemfwkd@
vnf; jrifawG@or#tm;vkH; ajymjyygw,f? wu,f[kwfr[kwfvnf; usaemfwkd@udk ar;ygw,f? usaemfwkd@ESpfa,mufvnf;
owif;ay;+yD;wmeJ@ pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvf aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om; a&$vSeJ@awG@csifa=umif;/ a0grSvmwJh ausmif;om;rsm;
jzpfa=umif;/ oleJ@ausmif;aebufawGjzpfa=umif; ajymjy+yD;/ ezl;pnf;ausmif;om;rsm;rSwqifh ar;jref;cJhygw,f? yxrawmh
&Sdw,fvkd@ jyefodcJh&ygw,f? bmwm0ef,laew,f ajymjycJhygw,f?
aemufawmh rawG@apcsifvkd@vm;/ usaemfwkd@ukd pdwfrcsvkd@vm; awmhrodyg/ r&Sdbl;vkd@ tajz&cJhygw,f? 'geJ@ usaemf
wkd@ESpfa,mufvnf; or*~taqmuftOD;rSmvkyfaewJh a[majymyGJrSm oGm;xkdif+yD;=unfhcJhygw,f?
aoaocsmcsm=unfhrdwmuawm hOD;oef@tkwf*leJ@ yef;csDqGJxm;wJhydwfum;ygyJ? *lukdxkdifckH&Snfrsm; wvkH;vSef/ wvkH;
arSmufqif+yD; 0kdif;ywfxm;ygw,f? twGif;eJ@eHab;rSm ezl;pnf;teDpnf;xm;wJh ausmif;om;rsm; wm0ef,l+yD; apmifh=uwm
awG@ygw,f? tkwf*leJ@yef;csDum;teD;rSm 0ifaygufwckydwfxm;+yD; tmrcHaomh}uD;rsm;eJ@ oHud;rsm;cwfxm;wm awG@&ygw,f?
'gawGukd=unfh&if; tkwf*l&J@nmbuf aemufbufrSm tkwfykHrsm;&Sdygw,f? tkwfykHay:rSm pum;ajymwJhae&mvkyfxm;+yD;
ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm; wvSnfhpDpum;ajym=u/ jyef=um;a&;Xmeuvnf; axmufvSrf;a&;b,fESpfa,mufukdrdxm;w,f/
pum;ajympifjrifh&J@b,fbuf taemufbufwkduftjrifh jywif;aygufawGuae uifr&mrsm;eJ@ ckd;kdufaew,f ponfrsm; em;
axmifcJh&ygw,f? rdef@cGef;ajym=uwJh ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;/ +yD;awmh &[ef;oHCm (200) avmufu y&dwfw&m;rsm;
&Gwfzwf=uwmvnf; awG@&ygw,f?
jyef=um;a&;Xmeu rSwfwrf;wifajym=um;wJh tcsufwckudk trSwf&ygw,f? tvmvrf;rSm &duQmjzwfcHae&pOfrSm
ig;ajcmufwjym;ukd ac|;cHtustwGif;xJ 0Suf,lvmwJhausmif;olwOD;ukd rSwfwrf;wifa=umif; =um;vkduf&ygw,f? aemuf
ausmif;olwOD; ajymwJhtxJrSm trSwf&rdwmuawmh OD;oef@tavmif;ukd wuUokdvf0if;xJ o,fvmprSm olta&;tcif;xJ
rygbJ tdrfukdjyefoGm;cJhw,f? tdrfa&mufawmh tdyf&mxJvJS&if; jyefpOf;pm;=unfhrdcJhw,f? iguawmh wa,mufxJjyefcJhw,f?
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ygw,f? tdrfjyefcsifpdwfrsm;vnf; aysmufuek fygw,f? rcHcsifwJhpdwf/ 0rf;enf;a=uuGJr_rsm;/ v_yf&Sm;ae=uwJh ausmif;om;rsm;&J@
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wkd@ESpfa,muf rjyefcsifayrJh todr&SdbJ/ bmvkyf&rSef;rodeJ@ oli,fcsif;tkef;=unftdrfukd jyefzkd@qkH;jzwf+yD; wuUokdvf0if;xJrS
jyefxGufcJh=uygw,f? t"dywdvrf;rS tjyifukda&mufzkd@ vltkyf=um;xJ wem&Dcef@=um wajz;ajz; wa&G@a&G@/ ausmif;om;rsm;&J@
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oli,fcsif;tdrfa&mufawmh rkd;csKyfyg+yD? oli,fcsif;ukda&$vSeJ@ rawG@cJh&wJhta=umif;/ vrf;rSmt&SmcH&wJhta=umif;/
jrifuGif;rsm;ta=umif; ajymjycJhygw,f? oluajymw,f? igajymom;yJ/ rif;wkd@owdeJ@oGm;vkd@ [kajymygw,f?
vrf;rSm&Smaewm olodaeykH&ygw,f? tdrfjyefa&muf+yD; xrif;pm;csifpdwfvJr&Sd/ pdwfxJrSmrcHcsifpdwf/ 0rf;enf;0rf;ompdwfeJ@
razmfjyEdkifwJha0'emukd cHpm;ae&ovkdyJ? tJ'Dn ol@tdrfrSmyJ olau|;wJhxrif;pm;+yD;/ reufa0gjyefr,f qkH;jzwf+yD; tdyf&m0if
cJh=uygw,f? usaemfhpdwfxJ ausmif;0if;xJrSmawmh wckckawmhjzpfawmhrSmyJ vkd@pOf;pm;aerdw,f?
usaemfwkd@awG@cJhwJh vrf;u&yfxm;wJhppfum;awGeJ@ ppfom;awG&J@jrifuGif;&,f/ oli,fcsif;tdrfa&mufawmh olvkyfaewJh
um;eHygwfawG ajymif;a&;aewJhjrifuGif; (2) ckukdpOf;pm;+yD; bmrsm;jzpfvmtkHrvJvkd@ xifcJhygw,f?
usaemfwkd@ESpfa,muf um;rDSzkd@ apmapmtdyf&mrSx+yD; oGm;awmhr,f oli,fcsif;vkd@ E_wfquf+yD; um;*dwfukdxGufcJh=u
ygw,f? igvnf;tvkyf&Sdw,fuG vkd@ajym+yD; aemufrSat;at;aq;aq; vmvnf=uygOD;uGm vkd@ajym+yD; usefcJhygw,f?
um;*dwfrSm tapm}uD; rkef@[if;cg;xkdifpm;aewHk;rSmyJ ppfum;rsm;wpD;+yD;wpD; armif;vmwmawG@&ygw,f? um;ay:
vSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh jrifuGif;u ausmif;om;rsm;/ &[ef;rsm; tm;vkH;ikwfwkwfxkdif/ acgif;ay:vufESpfbufwifxm;+yD;/ um;
aemufrSm aoewfukdifxm;wJh ppfom;av;-ig;a,muf vkdufygoGm;=uwm awG@&ygw,f? um;wef;&J@jrifuGif;uawmh rqkH;yg?
um;*dwfem;rSm =um;vkduf&wJhowif;uawmh tif;pdefaxmifrqef@vkd@/ ukefoG,fa&;*kda'gifawGxJrSmvnf; ykd@aew,fqkdwJh
owif;yg?
- 32 -
oli,fcsif;eJ@tjyefvrf;rSm igwkd@awG@cJhwmawG rSefw,faemf? olwkd@ jyifqifcsdefawmh &avmufaumif;yg&@Jvkd@aygh?

usaemfpOf;pm;aewJh tazajymwJhwwd,tcsufu usaemfhtaz qifjzLawmf ppfqifa&;eJ@ axmif (3) ESpf
tif;pdeftaqmif (3) rSmae+yD; jyefxGufvmawmh usaemfwkd@rdom;pk oGm;tudrSm/ 0ifoGm;awmh tom;t&nf aumif;
aumif;eJ@ jyefxGufvmawmh wJG+yD;xGufvmcJhwJh taz&@JaxmifwGif;tawG@tuHrsm;rS usaemfodcJh&ygw,f?
axmifxJrSm ynmwwfolrsm;/ EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;/ tawG@tuH&ifhusufolrsm;/ awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;&J@ tawG@tuH
zvS,fr_&vm'frsm;/ vl@b0&@J cg;oD;wJhtawG@tuHrsm;/ b0rSm&yfwnfoGm;zkd@ wnf+idrf&ifhusufr_rsm;[m vl@avmu}uD;rSm
a,musfm;aumif;awG a&muf&r,fh b0wuUokdvf}uD;ukd qkdvdkygvm;vkd@ tazh&J@qkdpum;ukd todtrSwfy&if; 1974
&efukef0dZmody`HwuUokdvf OD;oef@ta&;ukd wufa&mufcJh/ jrifcJh&wJh/ wuUokdvfra&mufcJhwJh e,fausmif;om;wa,muf&J@
ukd,fawG@tawG@tuHukd r#a0cHpm;ay;vkdufygw,f?
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udk ukd,fwdkifudk,fus 'dk@rzwf&bJ rif;jyefajymjyoavmufyJ od& vufcH&r,fqdkwm w&m;enf;vrf;usrus rif;[mrif; jyef
pOf;pm;=unfhygtHk;...
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w,fvdk@vnf; usaemfxifygw,fav?
udk,fh0rf;emudk,fomod vdk@yJajymvkduf&rvm;? udk,fhta=umif;eJ@udk,frdk@ raumif;omwmyJvm;rod/ usaemf bmrSjyef
rajym/ apm'uwufraeawmh? pmtkyfyHk=um;rSm oufawmifhoufom usaemfvSJavsmif;aerdwJh taetxm;twdkif;
quf+idrfaevdkufw,f? usaemfhrsufcGHawG ydkav;vmovdk ol@pum;oHawGvnf; usaemfem;xJrSm AvHk;AaxG;jzpf+yD; wjznf;
jznf;wdk;nif;vmw,f? 'Daemuf usaemftdyfaysmfoGm;cJhw,f? olb,ftcsdefjyefoGm;ovJ/ bmawGajymao;ovJ usaemfrod?
6-12-1974 wuUodkvfbGJ@ESif;obifcef;ra&S
a':vma':nm-bkef;}uD;eJ@ OD;ae0if;ZeD;a':cifaroef;udk tm;&yg;&uavmfwkwfaewJh tm*rav;wa,muf yxr
n&J@a[majymyGJudk yGJpvdkuf+yD; arSmif&DysdK;wmeJ@ wuUodkvf0if;xJudk w&m;emy&dowfawG wzGJzGJ0ifvmrpJjzpfaew,f?
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rDS&mrSqGJpk+yD; rD;yHkao;ao;av;awGzdk=uw,f? vufzsm;ajczsm;awG taiG@"mwf&atmif rD;uifae=uwmvnf; wcsKd@tzGJ@
awGusawmh wa,mufeJ@wa,muf wdk;a0Syl;uyfxkdif=u&if; tat;"mwfudk tHwkqef@usifae=uw,f? ajyma[maeolawG&J@
ydkifEdkifu|rf;usifr_eJ@ csufusvufusjzpfr_tay: rlwnf+yD; wa0ga0gyGJus&,farmoH/ vufckyfoHwajzmif;ajzmif;eJ@ =obmay;oH
awGudkvnf; jywfawmif;jywfawmif;=um;Edkifw,f ...
bGJ@ESif;obifw0dkuf t"dywdvrf;r&J@ wzufwcsuf wcsKd@ae&mawG[m yef;cHawGeJ@ uHhaumfyif&dyf rdk;aewma=umifh
arSmif&dyfcdkvdk@aumif;wJhae&m acsmifuswJhae&mav;awG jzpfaew,f? tJh'Dae&mawGrSmvnf; v_yfv_yf&G&G ol@y&dowftkyfpkeJ@
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a[majymyGJudktmHkpdkufaewJh vltkyf}uD;eJ@ tvSrf;enf;enf;a0;wJhae&mrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf kwfkwfoJoJ bmwpHkwckrSrjzpfbJ
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bmjzpfwmvJ... bmjzpfwmvJ... wa,mufeJ@wa,mufvdkufar;=u/ pyfpk=ujyefw,f? wcsKd@u ajracG;awG/ acG;tawG
vltkyfxJ0ifvma&maew,f/ owdxm;aemf? wcsKd@uvnf; bmrSrjzpfavmufygbl;/ jrLeDpy,fu acG;avacG;vGifhawG vdkuf
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- 33 -
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aqmifrsm;xJu wa,mufaygh? ol@udk vlodvnf;rsm;ygw,f?
rEWav;aqmifrSmzGifhxm;wJh jyef=um;a&;Xmeudk owif;awG tqufrjywfvdSrfh0ifvmw,f? owif;vnf;yg/ twif;
vnf;yg/ wdkifpm/ ypfpm/ vlaysmuf&Smcdkif;wm tpHkygyJ? wcsKd@owif;awGusawmh vlukd,fwdkifE_wfeJ@ay;w,f? pmeJ@ a&;&if
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wefzdk;udkawmh udk,fhenf;udk,fh[efeJ@udk,f tuJjzwf&/ pDppf&wmaygh? wwfwJhynmraeomqdkovdk oufqdkif&mu|rf;usifol
awGuvnf; vrf;!eft}uHay; enf;ay;=uav&J@? 'DtcsdefrSmawmh bmvdkovJ/ bmodcsifovJ/ a&ueftoifh=umtoifhyJ?
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yJ? 'ga=umifhvnf; wuUodkvf0if;twGif;udkpdrfh0if+yD; vlxky&dowf=um;xJrSm &efyGJdkufyGJzefwD;rJht}uHtpnf/ ausmif;0if;
twGif; y&dowfwcsKd@udk tvH&SL;vkyf/ r[kwfrrSefowif;v$ifh/ aoG;qlatmifv_H@aqmf+yD; ausmif;0if;tjyifukd qGJaqmif
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b,fvdk&Sdr,fawGudkyg tao;pdwfowif;ay;ydk@=uwmjzpfw,f? tm%m&tpdk;&taeeJ@ tzsufvkyfief;awGudk wck+yD;wck
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tm;enf;csufrsm;/ v$JrSm;r_rsm;udkrl axmifhpdatmif r}uD;=uyfEdkifcJh/ tckacwfpum;eJ@ajym&&if vl@tcGihfta&;xdyg;r_udpP wcsKd@
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1962 eJ@ tJ'Dumvrwdkifcifu wuUodkvfausmif;om;a[mif; tpfudkt&G,f/ OD;av;t&G,fyk*~dKvfwcsKd@tajymudk jyef
azmfjy&&if... ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifudwif pDpOfZmwfwdkufr_eJ@ trdef@ay;Xme cdkifckdifrmrmxm;&Sd+yD; rxdef;csKyfEdkifwJh 'DvdkrsKd; vlxktHkuGr_
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&Snfwwf+yD; rdk;pif;pif;vif;wmawmif Zmwfrodrf;Edkif/ 'grSr[kwf Zmwfodrf;raumif;wmawG jzpfEdkifw,fqdkwmygyJ?
psmyeaumfrDwD (2) &yf tawG;tjrifrwlr_udk jyefvnfowd&jcif;
OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk uefawmfrifyef;+cHqDydk@rvm;/ wuUodkvf0if;xJ wnfaqmufaewJh*lrSmyJ xnfhoGif;o*vfrvm;
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&Sdr,f? usKyfwdk@qDu ukd,fpm;vS,fawmif;xm;w,f? b,fuudk,fpm;vS,fawG b,fvdktcsKd;us yg0if=urvJawmhrodbl;?
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jrKyfa&;yJ?
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nDtpfudkESpfa,muf usKyfxdkifaewJhae&mudk a&mufvm+yD; rEWav;aqmifaumfrDwD oabmxm;tajymif;tvJ&Sdr&Sd wD;acguf
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tcsif;csif;rsufrSef;wef;+yD; tenf;i,f&if;ESD;r_&Sdxm;w,f... psmyeA[dkaumfrDwDxJu wa,mufu tpnf;ta0;pawmhr,f
qdk+yD; vmac:wmeJ@ usKyfwdk@oHk;a,muf xyfvdkufoGm;=uw,f? tpnf;ta0;pm;yGJ0dkif;rSm udk,fpm;vS,f (10) OD;ausmf
- 34 -
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pdwfxJrSmawmh b,fa0hnm0dkufeJ@ wmxGufpuwnf;u tajzmifhr&Sd tauG@awGcsnf; avSmfae&w,f? tckvnf; 0JjyefwauG@
jzwf&ayOD;r,f? toufwdkcsifvnf;wdkawm/h rwwfEdkifbl;? &ifarmpGmeJ@ yifhoufr&Snf}uD;wcsufudkawmh av;av;yifyif cs
vdkuf&awmhrSmyJ ...
???
rEWav;aqmifjyef=um;a&;taeeJ@ &&SdwJhowif;awGteufu twnfy&tcufcJqHk; owif;uawmh (8) &ufae@nrSm
0ifvmwJh owif;wckygyJ? tJh'guawmh OD;oef@kyfuvmyfudk uefawmfrifrydk@eJ@/ ydk@&ifvnf; uefawmfrifa&mufrSmr[kwfbl;?
vrf;rSmyJ tpazsmufcH&vdrfhr,f qdkwJhowif;ygyJ? 'Dowif;eJ@ywfouf+yD; rEWav;aqmifaumfrDwDeJ@ oufqdkif&mtodkif;
t0dkif;u jzpfEdkifajc&Sdw,fvdk@ em;vnfcJhayrJh rEWav;aqmifaumfrDwDtay: tr_ywfEdkifwJhtwGuf vHk;0a&ikHE_wfydwfaecJhw,f?
'DudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; tcsdefwefrS vlxkbmomvlxk udufovdkqHk;jzwfygapqdk+yD; apmifh=unfhcJhw,f? wu,fvdk@ uefawmfrif
udk oGm;ydk@&r,fqdk&ifvnf; tavmif;udk toufeJ@vJ+yD; umuG,f=uzdk@ udk,fhzmomudk,f }udwfpDpOfxm;vdkufw,f?
???
tavmif;udk wuUodkvf0if;twGif;rSmyJ jrKyfvdkufwJhae@
nbuf aumif;aumif;av; tdyfpuf&w,f? *dwfawGrSmawmh vHkcHa&;ydkpnf;=uyfxm;w,f? &wJhowif;awGt&
pDppf+yD; zrf;rdwJh axmufvSrf;a&;oHk;toHzrf;puf/ uifr&mtao;pm;eJ@ tjcm;rouFmzG,f&mypPnf;qdkwmawGudk vHkcHa&;
*dwfawGu rdrdwdk@aumfrDwD!ef=um;csufeJ@tnD rdwJhae&m vlxka&SarSmufrSm xkacszsufqD;cJh=uwmjzpfw,f?
- 35 -
(10) &ufae@eHeuf (10;00) em&Dowif;

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(2;00) em&Dowif;rSmawmh aygif;pyfxm;wJhowif;twkdif; tvm;wludkufnDaewJh pDrHcsufwckvHk;udk owif;vmydk@ay;wm
jzpfw,f? &efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf todkif;t0dkif;xJu aomhcsufyk*~dKvfwOD;&J@ udk,fa&;t&m&SdxHu vmwmjzpf+yD; ol@wlrvdk@
qdkwJh wuUodkvfausmif;olrSwqifh ydk@ay;jcif;jzpfw,fvdk@ rSwfrdaeao;w,f? 'Dowif;awGudkvnf; aemufqHk;0if&Sif;wJhtxd
vlod&Sif=um; xkwfjyefjcif;rycJhyg?
vufOD;r_&Sd&Sd vdktyfovdk udwifpDrHaqmif&Guf&rnfrsm;udkrl tcsdeftcgESifhtajctae tcGifhtcgay:rlwnf+yD; aqmif
&GufpDrH wkH@jyefEdkifcJh=uygw,f?
10-12-74 noef;acgifausmf (2;00) em&D
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0ifvmawmhr,f? rvGwfruif;jzpfEdkifwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;awG bm&Sdao;vJ? t+yD;&Sif;ypfawmh... tdyfr_efpHkr$m;eJ@ usaemfx+yD;
toifhxkyfxm;wJh pmxyf}uD;udk ay;vdkufw,f? ol aoaocsmcsmppfaq; rD;&_dypfvdkufw,f? +yD;awmh ESpfa,mufom; *dk&S,f
(ac:) vSatmif (RIT) vkyfxm;wJh aiGpm&if;yg&SdwJh aiGxkyfudk taqmifwGif; acsmifusvHkcHwJhwae&mrSm oGm;zGufxm;
vdkuf=uw,f? wjcm;odoifhwJhvlawGvnf; aiGxm;wJhae&mjyay;cJhw,f?
tajctaeuawmh vmr,fhab; ajy;awG@r[kwfbJ/ vmr,fhab;udk aoG;at;at;eJ@ apmifhaewmygyJ? zJorm;pum;eJ@
ajym&&ifawmh oydwf0iftdwf0if tEdkifydkif;xm;+yD;om;jzpfaevdk@yJ? aecJhoifholawG aecJh=u/ tjyifxGufoifholawG xGufoGm;
Edkif=uatmif em;vnfr_tjynfheJ@ pDpOfaqmif&GufcJh=uw,f?
eHeuf (3;00) em&DcGJcef@
a[haumif ...xawmh/ rif;wa,mufyJ usefawmhw,f? atmufqif;=ur,f? ppfwyfawG/ &JawG ausmif;xJudk
0ifvmae+yD? jrefjrefvky.f .. usKyfudkvmac:wJhol[m csufcsif;yJ jyefajy;xGufoGm;w,f? usKyfvnf; ol@aemufu xyfcsyf
ruGmvdkufoGm;w,f?
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vHkxdef;awG tvHk;t&if;eJ@0ifvmw,f? ausmif;0if;tjyifrSm oHcsyfumum;/ tm;rwfum;awG 0ef;&Hxm;w,f? wuUodkvf
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ppfwyfeJ@vHkxdef;awGu tkyfpkawGcGJ+yD; 0dkif;zrf;vdk@&wJholawGudk oHk@yef;vdk acgif;ay:vufwif aexm;cdkif;w,f? aemufqHk;
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oGm;w,f? usKyfeJ@cyfapmif;apmif;avmufrSm apmxGef;wa,muf yg0grsufrSefr&SdawmhbJ rsufpduaoG;,dkpD;usaewm apmif;
apmif;taetxm;eJ@ =unfhjrifvdkuf&w,f?
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- 36 -
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Ak'<bmomtygt0if ,Ofaus;wJhbmomwkdif;/ vlrsKd;wdkif;[m romwacguf/ ausmif;q,facgufqdk+yD; oma&;xuf

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(10;00) em&Drdk@yg? 'DvdkeJ@yJ vlwaomif;eD;yg;uae ig;axmifausmfavmufyJ wuUodkvf0if;xJrSm &Sdawmhw,f? xyfxkwf&if
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taerSmvnf; &Sdaew,f?
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'DvdkyHkpHeJ@ rdk;}uD;csKyfv#ifawmh...
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- 37 -
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txdkifrysuf? xdkpOfu rdk;&dyfav&dyf (q&mpGrf;/ q&mrdk;wdk@yg0ifa&;om;)/ dk;r&dyfajc/ pufwifbmrD;awmuf/ atmufwdkbm
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- 38 -
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OD;oef@udk urBmuodovdk 8-4 vkH;&Jabmfrsm;udk urBmuodae.? aumif;r_ycJh=uonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh EdkifiH.aus;Zl;
opPmudk usaemfwdk@ wae@w&ufr# rarhoifh? EdkifiHjcm;a&mufae=uolrsm; a&=unfaomufv#if a&wGif;wl;cJholrsm;. aus;Zl;
opPmudk odwwf=uzdk@vdkygonf? Tum; awmfvSefa&;opPmjzpf.?
OD;oef@psmyeta&;tcif;}uD;udk tpfudkawmfrsm;jzpfonfh udkwifpdk;/ udkjrifh[ef/ udkwdwf/ udkaomif;at;/ udkvSaiGwdk@ESifh
vufwGJI yg0ifqifEGJcJh.? olwdk@rSm rEWav;aqmifa&S@wGif psmyeaumfrwDjzpfI tvkyfrsm;ae=u.? OD;oef@tkwf*l wnf
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rm;onfh vlxky&dowfudk rawG@uHzl;?
TtawmtwGif; tdrfjyef=urnfholrsm;udk ynmoifaxmufyHha&;toif; (rdom;pk0dkif;) &HykHaiGrS aiGxkwfay;&onf? rdrd
udk,fwdkifvnf; tdrfjyefcJhonf? apmapmpD;pD; bmvdk@tdrfjyefcJhwmvJ-a=umufvdk@vm;-'grsKd;ra=umuf&bl;? usaemfhararonf
om;udk ,ckuJhodk@ w&Hwcgr# rwdkufwGef;cJhzl;? ODoef@[m wu,fhbk&m;'um}uD;yg wJh? tar. yxrqkH;aomwyfvSef@oH?
ararhaw;oHudk =um;a,mifaerdonf? tdrfa&muf+yD; aemufwae@ ausmif;0if;xJ0ifodrf;+yD; ausmif;om;awGudk zrf;qD;oGm;
a=umif;od&.?
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udkpdk;at;wdk@ESifhom qHkjzpf=uonf? jyuQ'defxkwfI &HykHaiG&Sm=u&.? aomif;ESifhcsDI &HykHaiG&xm;.? r*~Zif;xkwf&ef
pdkif;jyif;=uonf? rdom;pk0dkif;r*~Zif;? &cdkifwefaqmifr*~Zif; &HykHaiGxJrS ,m,DxkwfokH;+yD; jyefqyf&efjzpfonf? &cdkifoli,fcsif;
rsm;ESifh 0kdif;0ef;v_yf&Sm;cJh=uonf? &ufawG vawG odyfrsm;r=umvdkuf?
1975-ckESpf ZGef (6) &uf tvkyform;oydwf ESpfywfvnfawmhrnf? toif;&HykHaiGudk bma&;r;xH udwiftyfxm;
vdkuf.? ajcpkHypf0ifawmhrnff? ordkif;ausmif;aqmifwGifpma0&ef zefacsmif;vdSrfh.? pwifv_yf&Sm;=u+yD? rd@xJxGuf+yD; Hk;awG
wufum v#Kd@0Sufpma0=uonf? ZGef (6) ESpfywfvnfoydwf}uD; atmifjrifpGmay:xGufvmonf? rd@xJpDwef;vSnfhvnfum
a=unmcsufawG yvlysHatmif xkwfa0=u.? &uf=umoGm;+yD? aemufqkH; a&$wd*kHbk&m;wGif pcef;cs=u&.? ZGefv 11-&uf
eHeuf 4-em&DY a&$wd*kH&ifjyifrS tif;pdefaxmifodk@ wef;ydk@onf?
2-vr# ppfa=uma&;0if+yD;aemuf wdkufrStaqmifodk@ydk@onf? awG@ygav+yD? a[-rif;ygvmovm; taqmiftay:
xyfrS udkwifpdk;.toH? olu usaemfvGwf+yD; wae&ma&mufoGm;apcsifonf? b0wuUodkvfwGif ausmif;om;ESifh tvkyf
orm; aygif;pnf;rd=uav+yD? axmifxJaepOf usaemfhtoJESvkH;udk r#m;okH;pif; typfcH&.? udkwifarmifOD;udk ud;ay;owfvdkuf
onfhae@? b0rSwfwrf;jzpfonf? aemufwpif;-rdbxufyifcspfonfhtzGm; qkH;onfhae@? aemufqkH;wpif;/ tpfudk}uD;
udkoef;a&$ (=o*kwfaoG;) tif;pdefaxmifwGif;rSmyif &efolowfvdk@aooGm;a=umif; odvdkuf&onfheHeufcif;? aqmif;wGif;?
rsuf&nfylawG pD;qif;ae.? tjyifursuf&nfESifh axmifxJursuf&nf odyfonf;qjcif; b,fwlyghrvJ?
armifvlysKd (rdom;pk0dkif;)
16-12-2005
jrwfEdk;zG,f&m &wemayrkd@...
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1974 'DZifbmv OD;oef@ta&;tcif;pjzpfawmh pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvf 'kwd,ESpfpmoifcef;rsm;rSm usaemfwufaeqJjzpf
onf? ae@ausmif;om;rkd@ ql;avum;*dwfu trSwf (9) vif;av;um;}uD;rsm;ukd q,fhig;jym;ay;pD;u tif;vsm;uefapmif;ESifh
vrf;oG,fav;omjcm;onfh usaemfwkd@ausmif;a&SrSwfwkdifokd@ a&mufygonf? tJ'Dae@eHeufu rSwfrSwf&& trSwf (9) um;ay:
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uqif;qif;csif; jynfvrf;ay:rSaeI pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvf0ifvrf;twkdif; bGJ@ESif;obifa&S@ukd OD;wnfxm;aom t"dywdvrf;

wav#muf a'gh*spfum;rsm; pDwef;xm;onfukd rsufaphwqHk; awG@vkduf&onf? bmjzpfae=uonfukd pkHprf;aep&mrvkd?
ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;csKyfa[mif; OD;oef@psmyeukd usKduUqHuGif;odk@ vdkufydk@=uzdk@ ausmif;om;xkpkHk;ae=ujcif;
jzpfonfudk odvdkuf&onf? pmoifcef;wGif;odk@ ajcOD;rvSnfhrdawmh? uH&mum;wpD;ay:wufI usKduUqHuGif;odk@ vdkufcJhawmh
onf? v_yf&Sm;wufuGaeaom ausmif;om;xk.tm;rmefudk =unfh&if;=unfh&if; ...wcgrSr&&Sdzl;aom tiftm;w&yf &ifwGif;
Y jzpfay:vmonf? ,if;tiftm;ESifhrdrd/ rdrdESifh,if;tiftm; cGJjcm;r&awmh? aemifESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtxd rdrdonf ,if;tiftm;
. tpdwftydkif;w&yf jzpfaeawmhrnfqdkonfudk xdkpOfu pdk;pOf;r#r&dyfpm;rdcJh?
OD;oef@kyftavmif;udk wuUodkvf0if;twGif;okd@ rqvtm%mykdifwkd@. vkdtifqENukd qef@usifI &[ef;oHCmESifh
ausmif;om;jynfol aygif;pkIo,fvmcJh=uonf?
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om;jynfoltaygif;u jrefrmh*k%faqmif om;aumif;&wem[k rSwf,l=uonf? xkdufxkdufwefwef *k%fyvkd=uonf/ EdkifiH
awmfpsmyetjzpf owfrSwfI crf;crf;em;em; o*vfvkd=uonf? Akdvfae0if;um; jynfol@tjrifukdem;rvnf/ jynfol@oabm
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ol@ZeD; a':cifaroef;*lajc&if;wGif o*vfaponf? Ttcsufu taxGaxGrauseyfr_jzifh avmifrdufaeaom ausmif;om;
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twl usaemfa&mygoGm;onf? rSwfrSwf&& tif;,m;aqmiftaqmifxJtxd nDri,fwdk@cGifhyI 0ifa&muftvcH=u&onf?
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ae=uonfh txufwef;ausmif;rSnDi,frsm;. kyfyHkv$mu Tta&;tcif;udk pGef@cGmoGm;&ef wdkufwGef;Ed_;aqmfaeonfh twW
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om;xk&J &ifzGifhyGJu ausmif;om;ta&; awmif;qdka&;rSonf ppftkyfpkzwfcsa&; auG;a=umfoHtxd nHvmonf? kyfuvmyf
udk ,cifwuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~ taqmuftOD;a[mif;ae&mwGif jrKyfESHzdk@qHk;jzwfcsufu tajrmftjrif&Sd+yD; EdkifiHa&;
t"dy`g,f jynfh0vSonf? ppftkyfpktay: ausmif;om;ESifh&[ef;jynfolwdk@. t}uD;tus,fxdk;ESufcsufjzpfonf? aqmufvuf
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ae=uonfh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;udk jrif&onfhjrifuGif;u urBm@tvSyqHk;&_cif;rsm;teuf wcktygt0ifjzpfonf? =unfh
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azmfxkwf&onfESifh bGJ@ESif;obiftxufxyf tcef;i,fwckodk@ ac:xkwfIppfar;&onf? wcsKdrxdef;EdkifI &dkufrdESufrdonfh
tqifh&SdayrJh tvGeftu|Hrjzpf=u? a[majym+yD; jyefv$wfvdkufwmyJjzpfonf?
OD;oef@kyftavmif;udk ajrjrKyfonfhae@uawmh pdwftv_yf&Sm;&qHk;jzpfonf? jyef=um;a&;udpP&yfrsm;wGif wm0efusaeI
rEWav;aqmifay:rSm &Sdae&onf? rEWav;aqmifay:wDudkay:rS OD;oef@nDOD;cef@u y&dowf}uD;udkrdef@cGef;ajymawmh ol@tem;rSm
usaemf&yfaerdonf? ouf}uD;&G,ftdkwa,muf &d_uf}uD;wiifidkauG;aeonfhjrifuGif;u usaemfh&ifwGif;rSm ar;cGef;aygif;rsm;pGm
aygufzGm;aponf? Tar;cGef;rsm;udk ,ae@wdkif usaemfajz=um;ae&OD;rnfqdkwm xdkpOfu a&;a&;r#usaemfrawG;qEdkifcJh?
OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif &maygif;rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;/ &[ef;jynfolrsm; tzrf;cHcJh&onf? 'DtvSnfhwGif usaemf
a&Smifwdrf;EdkifcJhayrJh aemufwvSnfhjzpfonfh (75) ZGef (6) ta&;awmfyHkwGifawmh usaemfra&Smifomawmh? usaemfvnf;
tzrf;cH&I tif;pdefaxmifa&mufcJh&onf?
(75) ZGef (6) ta&;tcif;onf (1974) ZGefv tvkyform;ta&;tcif; wESpfjynfhta&;awmfyHktxdrf;trSwftjzpf
ausmif;om;ESifhtvkyform; yl;wGJqENjyoydwfarSmufonfh xl;jcm;vSonfhta&;awmfyHkjzpfonf? ausmif;om;ta&;udk
rawmif;qdkawmh? ppftkyfpkzsufodrf;a&;auG;a=umfoHudk wdkufdkufwifonfh EdkifiHa&;tESpfom&jynfh0aom wdkufyGJjzpfonf?
ae0if;-pef;,kppftkyfpktm; azmfxkwfwdkufyGJ0ifcJhonfh ajAmifpdefac:wdkufaomwdkufyGJjzpfonf? T&ufrwdkifcifuyif ausmif;
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om;xkESifhtm%mydkifwdk@ tm;prf;ae=u+yDjzpfonf? ynma&;wuUodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;u p ppfae+yD? ausmif;om;awGu

rqvudktvkyftauG;y&rnfh ynma&;udk pdwfr0ifpm;awmh? ausmif;om;wcsKd@ ajreDukef;naps;utjyef 0if'grD,m
tapmifh*dwfwJrS tapmifhppfom;wcsKdESifh &efjzpf=uonf? tJhonfxJrSm usaemfholi,fcsif; ynma&;wuUodkvfu aX;armif
=unf (awmifom) ESifhudkudk (rvd_if) wkd@ygonf? taqmifjyefvmI usefausmif;om;rsm;udkpkpnf;+yD; ,if;tapmifh*dwfwJudk
zdypfvdkufonf? tm%mydkifwdk@u rwkH@jyefao;? w&m;cHtppf b,folvJqdkwm &SmaeqJjzpfonf?
yGJpwmuawmh ZGefv (6) &uf? usaemfwdk@pmar;yGJawGu odyfeD;ae+yD? tJonfhae@ ausmif;a&mufawmh b,fvdku
b,fvdk pvdkufonfrod/ ausmif;om;awGudk xGuf=uxGuf=u[k pmoifcef;jyifyudk twif;xGufap=uonf? q&m awGu
vnf;rwm;? tv#Kdtv#KdxGufoGm;=uonf? rnfonfhtiftm;awGu Ed_;aqmfvdkufonfrod? pmoifcef;awGrSm vlr&Sdawmh?
pmoifcef;awGrSm ydkpwmvdkufuyfae=uonfhvlpkxJ usaemfa&mygoGm;onf? aemufawmh usaemfwkd@vlpk ynma&;
wuUodkvfa&S@ jynfvrf;ay:rSm a&mufoGm;=uonf? pmar;yGJajzaeaom ausmif;om;awGudk pmar;yGJrajzzdk@pnf;&Hk;&if;
vrf;ay:ac:vm=uonf? aq;wuUodkvfzufuvlwpk aygufcsvmonf? usaemfwdk@aygif;rdoGm;+yD; jynfvrf;twdkif; trd
wuUodkvfqD csDwufvm=uonf? b,folawG b,fwkef;uwnf;u pDpOfxm;onfrod? cGyfa'gif;tvHawG wvlvlwufvm
=uonf? toHcsJpufawG um;ay:wif=u+yD? usaemfwdk@wOD;csif;um; r_avmufaomtiftm;r[kwf? odk@aomf usaemfwdk@
aygif;pkr_u rukefrcrf;Edkifaom tiftm;}uD;vSonfh pGrf;yum;pk}uD; jzpfoGm;av+yD? b,ft&mrS usaemfwdk@udk r[ef@wm;
Edkifawmh? ,if;tiftm;vd_if;vHk;}uD;onf jynfvrf;r}uD;twdkif; wa&Ga&G@csDwufaeonf? &nfrSef;&mae&mum; 1974 ckESpfu
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tzrf;cHausmif;om; vGwfajrmufa&;-'kd@ta&;/ 'kd@ta&;?
tzrf;cHtvkyform; vGwfajrmufa&;-'dk@ta&;/ 'dk@ta&;?
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ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;ygap?
ta&;awmfyHk atmif&rnf?
usaemfwdk@. aomif;*%ef;r#aomtiftm;pkudk rnfolr#r[ef@wm;&J=u? &efolrqvwdk@ tidkufrdoGm;yHk&onf? jyifqif
r_rJhyHk&onf? vrf;wav#muf jynfolwdk@tm;ay;r_a=umifh usaemfwdk@ ydkwufuGvmonf? tif;pdefaxmifudk usaemfwdk@ 0dkif;
vdkuf=u+yD?
tif;pdefaxmif}uD; b,fhES,f0dkif;r,f?
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usaemfwdk@um; toH0ifaeatmif atmf=uonf? twGif;xJu nDtpfudkrsm;. toHudk=um;&wdkif; vltkyf}uD;u
wcJeuf=obmay;=uonf?
ausmif;0if;xJudk usaemfwkd@jyefa&mufvm+yD; bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rudk odrf;vdkuf=uonf? udkrsKd;Edkif (jynf-lyaA'
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taejzifh jyef=um;a&;udk wm0ef,l&onf? tJonfae@u tif;pdefaxmif0dkif;+yD;tjyef t"dywdvrf;twdkif; usaemfwdk@ ausmif;
0if;xJ0ifvmpOfrSmyJ ausmif;ydwfvdkufa=umif; tpdk;&ua=unmonf? usaemfum; qHk;jzwf+yD;+yD? taru om;}uD;jzpfol
usaemfhudk bGJ@wck tifrwef&apcsifonf? +yD;cJhwJh tvkyform;ta&;tcif;wkef;uvnf; ae@ausmif;om;rdk@/ tvkyform;
ta&;tcif;tquftoG,f jywfawmufaeaomom;xHudk csufjcif; a=u;eef;pmwapmif a&;ydk@vmonf? om;}uD;-tar
aeraumif;/ csufjcif;jyefvmyg wJh?
tckawmh bmrS*krpdkufEdkifawmh? bGJ@r&rnfhta&;/ tzrf;cH&awmhr,fhta&; awG;rylEdkifawmh? a=umifudkjcLqGJrd+yD?
bmjzpfvmawmhrnf/ bmawGvmawmhrnfudk rawG;Edkifawmh? udkrsKd;Edkifwdk@ESifh vufcsif;csdwfI vkyfEdkifoavmuf/ vkyfwwf
oavmuf vkyfcJh=uonf? txl;ojzifh bDyDtdkiftkyfpk/ ordkif;csnfr#iftkyfpkwdk@um; wufwufuGuG&SdvSonf? odk@aomf ...?
bmyJjzpfjzpf/ (73-74-75) oHk;ESpfwm wuUodkvfrSm aecJh&onfhb0onf usaemfhb0tm; wqpfcsKd;tvSnfhtajymif;
jzpfapcJhonf? bGJ@r&cJhayrJh ,if;bGJ@xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm wefzdk;}uD;rm;aom tawG@tuHwdk@udk wuUodkvfu oif=um;
ay;vdkufonf? pD;yGm;a&;ynm rwwfayrJh EdkifiHa&;ynm txdkuftavsmuf &cJhonf? vlyifyef;ayrJh udk,fhudk,fudk,f ,Hk=unf
r_tjynfhjzifh &$ifvef;aecJhonf? "rRESifht"rRudk cGJjcm;odcJhonf? usaemfwdk@ wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0onf EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJ
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rsm;ESifh jynfhv#rf;aeaom umvjzpfonf? jynfolwdk@. 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk t+yD;wkdifajrjrKyfo*vfvdkufonfh (1974)

tajccHOya'tm; twnfyvdkufonfh umvjzpfonf? jynfolwdk@. taxGaxGrauseyfr_udk Tumv. jyif;xefaom
EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJrsm;u a&mifjyef[yfazmfjycJhonf? ppfu|eftjzpf EGHepfrcH [laompdwf"mwfjzifh tkwfeH&Hudk acgif;ESifhwdkuf+yD;
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&efrSwyg; tjcm;r&Sd[laom pdwf"mwftjrif yGifhvif;vmonfhtcsdefjzpfonf? TvkdumvrsKd;wGif wuUokdvfokd@
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20/12/05
1975 ZGef ESpfywfvnfv_yf& Sm;r_

ausmfrif (pufr_)
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OD;oef@ta&;tcif;jzpfvdk@ ausmif;&uf& Snfydwfxm;&muae 1975 arvavmufrSm ausmif;awGjyefzGifhvdkufygw,f?
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pepfopf qdkwmawG& J@'%fudkawmh usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awGyJ cg;pnf;cHcJh=u&wm jzpfygw,f? avmavmq,frSmvnf;
pmoifaqmifeJ@ vlaeaqmifawG rvHkavmufr_/ ynmoif=um;a&; taxmuftulypPnf;awG rvHkavmufr_/ z,f& Dum;
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tJ'Dtcsdefu EdkifiHawmfaumifpDjzpfwJh a'gufwmvS[efeJ@ ynma&;0ef}uD; (a'guw
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rrSwfrd) wdk@OD;pD;wJh rqvxdyfoD;wpk[m ausmif;awGvSnfh+yD; ausmif;om;awGeJ@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r,fqdk+yD; vkyfvmygw,f?
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twGuf jynfolawGu 0ef}uD;um;vdk@yJ tac:rsm;=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@oli,fcsif;wpkuawmh vkyfyGJ}uD;yJ jzpfrSmyJqdk+yD;
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- 42 -
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- 43 -
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2
ta&;awmfyHk (atmif& rnf)
tif;pdefaxmifudka&mufwJhtcg axmifudkywf+yD; au;a=umfoHrsm;atmf=uygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmawmh toHawGu
tjrifhrm;qHk;jzpf+yD; rdk;vHk;nHaeygawmhw,f? wae&mrSmawmh au;a=umfoHawGatmf[pfwmudk acwW& yf+yD; axmifxJu
toHudk em;pGifh=unfh=uygw,f? txJuvnf; jyef+yD;atmfwJhtoHudk oJhoJh=um;&ygw,f? tusOf;uscHae&wJh usaemfwdk@
nDtpfudk tvkyform;/ ausmif;om;awG& J@ toHygvm;vdk@awG;rd+yD; emusnf;cHjyif;pdwfawG wzGm;zGm;ay:vmygw,f? cHjyif;
pdwfawGeJ@ au;a=umfoHawGudk xyf+yD;atmf[pf=uygw,f?
au;a=umfoHawGatmfae&if;u usaemfh& J@pdwfawG[m twdwfumvodk@ jyef@vGifhoGm;ygw,f? e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ trsKd;
om;vGwfajrmufa&;umvrSm ausmif;om;or*~rS arG;xkwfay;vdkufwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;[m jynfolawGeJ@twl
&yfwnfvufwGJ+yD; &J& J& ifh& ifh wdkufyGJ0ifcJh=uw,f r[kwfygvm;? jrif;cGmwcsufayguf& if rD;[kef;[kef;awmufap&r,f
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkA[def;&J@ e,fcsJ@tay: &J& ifhjywfom;pGm pdefac:uH;0g;vdkufoH? or*~pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf
yif r[kwfygvm;? xdkpdwf"mwfum; ,ck usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG udk,fxJodk@vnf; pD;qif;pdrfh0ifaecJh+yDjzpfonf? 'gwifru
,ck usaemfwdk@ au;a=umfae=uwmawGvnf; xdkpOfuau;a=umfoHrsm; wywfvnfvmjcif;yif r[kwfygvm;?
tJ'DvdkawG;rdwJhtcgrSm usaemfhwudk,fvHk; =uufoD;arG;nif;rsm; xoGm;ygawmhw,f?
twdwfodk@ysH@vGifhoGm;wJh usaemfhpdwfawGudk jyefvnfpkpnf;vdkufw,f? 'Daemuf au;a=umfoHrsm;udk tm;rmefopfawGeJ@
au;a=umfvdkufygw,f? axmifudkwywfywf+yD;wJhtcg tif;pdefvrf;twdkif; jyefvSnfhvm=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@uawmh bGJ@ESif;
obiftxd jyefrvdkufawmhbJ ausmif;rSmyJ ae&pfcJhygw,f? ausmif;awGudk &uftuef@towfr&dS ydwfvdkuf+yDqdkwmudk
=um;odvdkuf& ygw,f? ausmif;om;xk& J@wdkufyJGudk zcGJzdk@twGuf ppftpdk;&[m xHk;pHtwdkif; ausmif;awGudk ydwfvdkufwm jzpf
ygw,f?
ed*Hk;
tJ'Dae@rSmyJ oydwfpcef;udk a&$wd*HkapwDodk@ ajymif;a&$@oGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; aemufae@reufusrSyJ vdkufoGm;
awmhr,fqdk+yD; taqmifrSmyJ em;aevdku=f uygw,f? 'gayrJh reufvif;tm;}uD;rSm ppftpdk;&vHkxdef;awGu a&$wd*Hkbk& m;
ay:wuf+yD; ausmif;om;awGudk zrf;oGm;ygw,f?
ppftpdk;&[m ausmif;om;awGu w&m;wJhtcGifhta&;awG +idrf;csrf;pGme@J awmif;qdkqENjywmudk enf;vrf;wus
rajz&Sif;bJ t=urf;zufzcGJcJhjyefyg+yD? 'Dvdkt=urf;zufzdESdyfvdkuf& if +idrf0yfoGm;r,fvdk@ wvGJxifaeygw,f? ausmif;om;wdkufyGJ
awG& Sdaewm ausmif;om;or*~& Sdaevdk@yJqdk+yD; ordkif;0ifausmif;om;or*~ taqmuftODudk AHk;cGJzsufqD;cJhw,f? 'gayrJh
ausmif;om;wdkufyGJawG aysmufuG,foGm;ygovm;? ausmif;om;xk& Sdaeor# or*~pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf[m &SdaerSm
jzpfygw,f? rw&m;zdESdyfr_awG& Sdaeor#/ w&m;wJhtcGifhta&;awG qHk; H_;aeor# cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwfu iHk@cHaerSmr[kwfyg? tcGifh
omwdkif; wHk@jyefwdkufyGJ0ifaerSm jzpfygw,f? 'gudk ordkif;u oufaojycJh+yDjzpfwJhtjyif quf+yD;awmhvnf; jyOD;rSmjzpfygw,f?
or*~pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf t"Gef@& Snfygap?
ausmfrif (pufr_)
wdrfryfaysmufuG,faeaom
rSwfwkdifwck
(wkdufyGJ0iftvkyform;a[mif;wOD;)
- 45 -
usaemfwkdjrefrmEdkifiHaq;0g;pufkHonf tif;pdefrde,ftaemuf}uKdukef;&Sd }uKdukef;blwmESifh uyfvsufwnf&Sdonf?

pufHk.ta&Sbuf ukduf (500) ausmfavmufwGif &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykHukd pwifaygufzGm; zefwD;vkdufaom &efukefpufr_
wuUokdvf (RIT) wnf&Sd+yD;/ pufHk.ajrmufbuf ukduf (200) avmufwGif tif;pdefrD;&xm;pufacgif;jyifpufkH wnf&Sdonf?
1974 ck/ ZGefv (6) &ufae@ oydwfrarSmufcif ZGef 1 &ufESifh ZGef 2 &ufaeY pufHktoD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm;onf pufHk
t&m&Sdrsm;. rr#waomtkyfcsKyfa&;/ 0efxrf;rsm;tay: zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_/ &mxl;ESifhtcGifhta&; ydwfqkdr_rsm;ESifhywfouf+yD;
rauseyfr_rsm; wtkHaEG;aEG;jzpfae}uonf? XmetoD;oD;&Sdukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf wdwfwqdwfajymqdkndE_dif;+yD; qENjyoydwf
arSmuf}u&ef qkH;jzwfcsufcs}uonf? usaemfwdk jrefrmEdkifiHaq;0g;pufHkenf;wl tif;pdefrD;&xm;pufkHvnf; oydwfarSmuf
awmif;qdk&ef jyifqifae}uonf? ZGefv (6) &ufaewGif wydifwnf;qENjy}u&ef pufHkESpfHkonf wdwfqdwfpGmqufoG,f
xm;=uonf?
1974 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4) &ufaewGif if;pufHkESpfHkrS acgif;aqmiftvkyform;wcsKdukdzrf;qD;I axmifxJxnfhvkdufonf?
if;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf txuft&m&SdESifhtqifrajyolrsm;/ rqvygwDukdqefusifolrsm;/ qENjy&ef pnf;kH;acgif;aqmif
onf[k txifcH&olrsm;jzpfonf?
rD;&xm;pufacgif;jyifpufHkrS tvkyform;rsm;onf qENjy&efowfrSwfxm;aom ZGef(6)&ufaetpm; ZGef (5)
&ufaenaerSp+yD; pufHktjyifokd rxGuf}uawmhbJ zrf;qD;xm;aom tvkyform;rsm;ukd jyefv$wfay;a&;ESifh if;wkdESifh
oufqdkifaomawmif;qkdcsufrsm; awmif;qkd+yD; pwifIoydwfarSmuf}uonf?
usaemfwdk@bDyDtdkifpufHkwGifvnf; 1974 ZGefv (6) &ufaewGif usaemfwdkaq;0g;pufHkrS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf ykHrSef
tvkyfpcsdefxuf apmpD;pGma&mufvm}u+yD; ndE_dif;xm;onfhtwdkif; oydwfarSmuf&ef jyifqif}uonf? pufHkrS O}o&SnfqGJ+yD;
tcsufay;vkdufonfESifh wydifeuf XmetoD;oD;&Sd 0efxrf;tm;vkH;onf oydwfoydwfarSmufarSmuf [laom auG;a}umf
oHrsm; auG;a}umf+yD; pufHkyifrwHcg;aygufwGif pkHk;}u&efjzpfonf?
usaemfwkdoydwfarSmuf&ef tcsdefowfrSwfcsufrSm eHeuf 9;30 jzpfaoma}umifh oydwfarSmufcsdefukd wufuGpGm apmifh
pm;&if; tvkyform;rsm;rSm rdrdwm0efukd ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifae}uonf?
9;30 rdepf pufHkrSO}o&Snf qGJvkdufonfESifhwydifeuf usaemfwkd@onf pufHkyifrwHcg;}uD;ukd ajy;ydwf+yD; aomhcwfvkduf
ygonf? rnfolr# t0iftxGufrjyKvkyf&ef trdefxkw+f yD; yifrwHcg;aomhudkvnf; odrf;xm;vkdufygonf?
pufHkukdxdef;csKyfxm;+yD;aemuf usaemfwkdonf tpkvkduftzGJvkduf wm0efrsm;ukd cGJa0csrSwf}uonf? tqifhqifhwm0ef
cGJa0r_tzGJrsm;rSm (1) pufHktwGif;tjyifvkHcHa&;tzGJ/ (2) owif;ESifhjyef}um;a&;tzGJ/ (3) usef;rma&;ulnDr_tzGJ/ (4)
pnf;kH;v_H@aqmfa&;tzGJ/ (5) &duQmo,f,lpkaqmif;a&;tzGJ@wkd@jzpfonf? usaemfwkdpufHk. awmif;qkdcsufrsm;rSm1? zrf;qD;xm;aom rD;&xm;pufacgif;jyifpufHkrSvkyfom;rsm; jyefv$wfay;a&;
2? 0efxrf;vpmwkd;jrifha&;
3? ukefaps;E_ef;usqif;a&;
4? aepm;vkyfom;rsm; tjrJwrf;0efxrf;tjzpfcefa&;
5? tvkyform;rsm;tm; qefqDESifhrD;zkdacsmifokH;ypPnf;rsm; tcrJhay;a0a&;
6? tvkyform;rsm; zGJ@pnf;ykHt& tcGifhta&;&m tm;vkH;ceftyfa&;
7? oufomacsmifcsda&; csufcsif;ay;
8? tEW&m,fa}u; csufcsif;ay;
9? jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;ygwD tvkdr&Sd/ ppftm%m&Sif usqkH;ygap ponfwdkjzpfonf?
(rD;&xm;pufacgif;jyifpufHkrS zrf;qD;xm;aom tvkyform;tm;vkH;ukd 7/6/74 aenae 6 em&DwGif jyefv$wfay;vkduf
onf?)
7/6/74 aeeHeuf 11 em&D 45 rdepfavmufwGif pufHkr;Akv
d fr;}uD;odrf;armif 'kpufHkr;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;r;ESifh Xme
refae*smrsm;onf usaemfwdktvkyform;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vma&mufawGqkH+yD; tvkyform;w&yfvkH;. awmif;qkdcsuf
ESifhywfouf+yD; olwkd@taejzifh tvkyform;0ef}uD;ukd wifjyr,f/ cifAsm;wkdtvkyform;xktm;vkH; oydwfvSef+yD; tdrfjyef}u
yg? aemufaeawGrSmvnf; +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;eJ udk,fus&mXmetoD;oD;awGrSm tvkyfcGifjyef0if=uygvdk@/ arwWm&yfcHygw,fvdk@
ajymygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwkd tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;ux+yD; 'Dawmif;qkdcsufawG[m ukd,fpm;vS,f
acgif;aqmifawG&J qkH;jzwfcsufjzpfw,f/ vG,fvG,feJ qkH;jzwfcsufukd tajzay;vkd@r&bl;/ tvkyform;xkw&yfvkH;ukd ar;jref;
+yD;awmhrS tajzay;EdkifrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf 8/6/74 aeeHeuf 9 em&DrSm tajzay;ygr,f vkdjyefajymvkdufonf?
- 46 -
xkd@aemuf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tvkyform;xkw&yfvkH;tm; txuft&m&Sdrsm;ESifh ndEd_if;aqG;aEG;csufrsm;ukd jyef

ajymjyonf? usaemfwkd@twGuf ta&;t}uD;qkH;awmif;qkdcsufwckrSm oydwfvSef+yD;aemuf tvkyform;rsm;ukd rzrf;qD;ygbl;
[laom tmrcHuwdpum;yifjzpfonf? xkdha}umifh tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhwuG tvkyform;xkw&yfvkH;.
qENt& if;wkdukd cH0efuwdvufrSwfxkd;ckdif;&ef qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfvkduf}uonf?
8/6/74 aeeHeuf (6) em&DwdwdwGif pufHkr;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; 'kwd,t}udrfawGqkH}uaomtcg
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u oydwfvSef+yD;ygu tvkyform;awGukd rzrf;qD;ygbl;qkdwmukd tmrcHvufrw
S fa&;xkd;ay;&ef awmif;qkd
onf?
pufHkr;rsm;u usaemfwkdawmif;qkdcsufawGtm;vkH; &atmifaqmif&Gufay;rnf/ usaemfwkdukdvnf; rzrf;qD;zkd tmrcHyg
w,f/ uwdvnf;ay;ygw,fqkd+yD; tvkyform;rsm;.a&SrSmyif tmrcHuwdvufrSwfa&;xkd;+yD; ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;vufokd
ay;tyfcJhonf?
9/6/74 nae (4) em&DwdwdtcsdefwGif usaemfwkd@ tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tvkyform;xktm;vkH; oabm
qENt& oydwfvSefvkduf}uygonf? 9/6/74ae wGif tvkyform;tm;vkH;onf at;csrf;pGmjzifh tvkyfcGifokd jyefqif;}u
ygonf?
if;wkdonf olwkduwdtwkdif; zrf;qD;jcif;rjyKaomfvnf; usaemfwdk.awmif;qkdcsufawGukd tvkyform;xktm;vHk;u
ay;vdrfhEdk; ay;vdrfhEdk;eJ apmifhar#mfvm&m &ufrSv/ vrSESpfodkom ajymif;vJvmcJhaomfvnf; bmwckrS&vmjcif;/ ay;vmjcif;
r&Sdacs? vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;onfudk odvmaomtcg XmetoD;oD;rSm&Sd=uaom ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tvkyform;xktm;vHk;
wdkonf rausreyfESifh rcHr&yfEdkifjzpf+yD; ESpfywfvnfaejzpfaom 6/6/75 aeeHeuf 9 em&D 30 rdepfwGif oydwfarSmufqENjy
}uygawmhonf?
usaemfwkd@aq;0g;pufHktjyif tif;pdefrD;&xm;pufacgif;jyifpufHk/ orkdif;ESifhcsnfr#iftxnfpufHk/ *kHeDpufHk/ qifrvkduf
oabmFusif;/ ukef;vrf;o,f,lykdaqmifa&;vkyfief;ESifh tjcm;pufHki,f ajrmufjrm;pGmonfvnf; oydwfarSmuf}u+yD; awmif;
qkdcsufrsm; awmif;qdk}uonf?
usaemfwkd aq;0g;pufHktwGif;rS qENjyawmif;qkdcsufrsm; awmif;qkdaepOf */6/75 nae 4;30 wGif vufeuftjynfh
tpkHjzifh jrefrmpum;em;rvnfaom wkdif;&if;om;ppfom; (70) cefu pufHkukd0kdif;xm;+yD; ppfom;tcsKdonf yifrwHcg;
aygufukd ausmfwuf0ifa&mufvm}uum usaemfwkdtvkyform;tm;vkH;ukd aoewfESifhcsdef+yD; 0kdif;xm;vkdufygonf? xkd@
aemuf Akdvfr;wa,mufa&mufvm+yD; cifAsm;wkdtm;vkH; pufHktjyifukdxGuf+yD; ukd,fhtdrfukd,f at;at;aq;aq; jyef}uyg?
pufHkukd usaemfwkdodrf;vkduf+yD? usaemfwkdtrdefay;wmukd rvkdufem&if ypf&ygvdrfhr,f? cifAsm;wkdukd rdepf 30 tcsdef
ay;r,f? pufHkxJrSm wa,mufrSrypfcsifbl; vkdajym+yD; rsufaxmifheD}uD;eJ }unfhaeygonf?
ukd,fpm;vS,fESifh tvkyform;rsm;onf rausreyfjzifh tH}udwf+yD; vufoD;ukduspfuspfygatmifqkyf&if; a'goawGukd
rsKdodyfum pufHktwGif;rS toD;oD;xGufcGmay;&awmhonf?
if; 8/6/75 aenrSmyif usaemfwdkjrefrmEdkifiHaq;0g;pufHkrS Xmeukd,fpm;vS,facgif;aqmif trsKd;orD;okH;a,muf tyg
t0ifvl (33) a,mufukd nwGif;csif;vdkufvHzrf;qD;+yD; emrnfqkd;jzifhausmf}um;aom tif;pdeftusOf;axmifokd ykdvkduf
ygonf?
12/7/75 aewGif ppfckHHk;zGifh+yD; 10 ESpf/ 13 ESpf/ 16 ESpf toD;oD;jypf'%fcsrSwfvkdufygonf? tjcm;pufHktoD;oD;rS
acgif;aqmifrsm;udkvnf; usaemfwkdESifhtwl tif;pdet
f usOf;axmif ud;wkdufokd ykdaqmifvkdufygawmhonf?
wdkufyJG0iftvkyform;a[mif;wOD;
bDyDtdkif (1974-75)
(jrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@rSaus;Zl;yonf?)
74-75 ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;rsm;udk jyefvnfowd&jcif;

a'gufwmodef;vGif
apmvSaiG rJaqmufuae usaemhfudkzkef;qufygw,f? OD;oef@ta&;tcif; ESpfywfvnfrSm pmapmifwckxkwfcsifw,fwJh?
usaemfhudk a&;zdk@ ajymygw,f? usaemfu csif;rdkifrSmae+yD; ausmif;q&m/ q&mrawGeJ@ jrefrmjynfu tvkyfvmvkyf
=uolawGudk oifwef;ay;aeygw,f? apmvSaiGudk usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;b0 ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;umvrSm &if;ESD;cJh
ygw,f? oli,fcsif;awGtzrf;cH&+yD; usaemf0&rf;ajy;jzpfawmh apmvSaiGu ol@Zmwdrd@uav;udkydk@+yD; usaemfudk apmifha&Smuf
- 47 -
ygw,f? tESpf (20) ausmft=umrSm apmvSaiG&J@toHudk yxrqHk;jyef=um;&awmh ausmif;om;b0ujzpf&yfawGeJ@ ajy;v$m;

ykef;atmif;&if; rme,fyavmpcef;udk vmcJh&wJhc&D;pOfawGudk jyefvnfowd&rdygw,f?
usaemfu pufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om;jzpfygw,f? orkdif;0if;xJu ausmif;aqmifawGrSm ae&ygw,f? usaemf
wuUodkvf'kwd,ESpf (1974) ZGefvrSm *kefeDpufkHeJ@ csnfpufutvkyform;awG qENjyygw,f? usaemfwdk@ ausmif;aqmifeJ@
eD;awmh oGm;=unfhygw,f? qef&&Sda&;/ vpmwdk;jrifha&;/ vkyif ef;cGifom,ma&; pwmawGudk awmif;qdk=uygw,f? qENjywJh
vltkyf}uD;udk ppfwyfuypfcwfwm udk,fwdkifawG@jrif&ygw,f? 'DZifbmvusawmh OD;oef@ta&;tcif;jzpfygw,f? OD;oef@
psmyeudk usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG oGm;=uygw,f? psmyeudk usKduUqHuGif;uae wuUodkvf0if;xJ o,f,lvmawmh
usaemfvnf; vdkufygvmcJhygw,f? aemufwae@rSm usaemfwdk@ yJcl;rd@uausmif;om;awG tdrfjyef=uawmh usaemfvnf;
yJcl;udkjyefcJhygw,f? uHawG@cJh&wJhjzpf&yfawG &ifrSmpGJusefcJhygw,f? tvkyform;awG ypfowfcH&wm/ ausmif;om;awG tzrf;cH
=u&wm rarhEdkifp&mjzpfcJhygw,f?
1975 rSm ausmif;jyefzGifhawmh wuUodkvfudk jyefvmcJhygw,f? ZGefvrSm ynma&;0ef}uD;eJ@ tpdk;&wm0ef&SdolawG[m
pufr_wuUodkvfudkvm+yD; ausmif;om;awGudk a[majymygw,f? olwdk@&J@a[majymcsufrSm wdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&; usqif;&wm
tvkyform;awG tvkyfrvkyfbJ qlqlylylvkyfvdk@jzpfw,f? v,form;awG pyg;tjynfht0 ra&mif;vdk@jzpfw,f vdk@ajymyg
w,f? usaemf[m v,form;om;wOD;jzpfygw,f? usaemfrdbeJ@aqGrsKd;awG &GmrSm b,fvdkcufcJ=uw,fqdkwm usaemf
odw,f? rESpfu tvkyform;awG usaemfhrsufapha&S@rSm owfjzwfc&H w,f? usaemfhpdwfawG Edk;=um;vm+yD; jyefajymcJhygw,f?
tvkyform;awG xrif;r0vdk@ qefawmif;wm cifAsm;wdk@u usnfqHawGyJay;cJhw,f? v,form;awG 0rf;pmygrusefatmif
tpdk;&udkoGif;&wm usaemfodw,f? rw&m;wm cifAsm;wdk@yJjzpfw,f? 'Dpum;[m usaemfhudk ausmif;xGufzdk@jzpfvmygw,f?
1976 ckESpfrwfvrSm ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;&mjynfhyGJudk ausmif;om;awGOD;aqmif+yD; usif;yygw,f? a&$wd*Hkbk&m; awmifbuf
rkcfteD;u ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;&J@ *lAdrmefa&S@rSm usif;y=uygw,f? usaemfu y&dowftjzpf yg0ifwufa&mufcJhygw,f? rd_if;&m
jynfhyGJt+yD;rSm wuUodkvfawG ydwfvdkuf+yD; tpdk;&u ausmif;om;qdk;rsm; udk wuUodkvfrS xkwfy,fvdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif;
a=unmygw,f? yJcl;rd@e,faumifpDu usaemfhudkac:+yD; ausmif;xkwfwJhpm ay;ygw,f? usaemftaru ighom;rdkufw,f vdk@
ajymygw,f? usaemfrdkufwm r[kwfyg? ausmif;om;wa,muf[m pmoifcef;jyifyrSm jzpfysufaewJh t&mudpPawGeJ@
qufpyfaeygw,f? ywf0ef;usifom,m&if pmoifcef;vnf; om,mygw,f? ywf0ef;usifudk om,matmifvkyfzdk@ usaemfwdk@
vnf; wm0ef&Sdygw,f?
ausmif;xkwfcH&+yD;wJhtcg EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_awGeJ@ usaemfydk+yD; eD;uyfvmygw,f? (1977) ckESpf Zlvdkifv 7 &ufae@rSm
usaemfwdk@oli,fcsif;awG ZlvdkifqJAif; txdrf;trSwftcrf;tem;udk ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;&SdwJhae&mrSm vkyfzdk@
pdkif;jyif;cJh=uygw,f? 62 ckESpfu ausmif;om;or*~ ausmif;om;a[mif;}uD;awGu ausmif;aqmifawGrSm jzef@a0ygw,f?
ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh (7777) tcrf;tem;rjzpfcJhyg? Zlvdkif (7) &ufreufrSm rkd;t}uD;tus,f&Gmaewm/ 0dZmody`H
wuUodkvfu ausmif;om;awGudk q&mawGu twef;r&Sdbl;vdk@ ajymvdkufwJhtwGuf rd@xJuausmif;om;awG ausmif;
rvmwm/ taqmifaeausmif;om;tcsKd@ ta&;tcif;jzpfw,fxif+yD; tdrfjyefoGm;=uwmawGa=umifh usaemfwdk@tcrf;tem;
rusif;yjzpfcJhwmyg? (1978) rSmawmh udwifv_H@aqmfjcif;rybJ Zlvdkif (3) &ufae@ pufr_wuUodkvfrSm ta&;tcif;udk
pwifygw,f? &nf&G,fcsufu ausmif;om;ta&;tcif; t&Sdef&vm&if Zlvdkif (7) &ufae@rSm txdrf;trSwftcrf;tem;
usif;yrSmjzpfygw,f? rar#mfvifhbJ ta&;tcif;udkpwifcJhwJh ausmif;om;wpk zrf;qD;cH&ygw,f? usaemfwdrf;a&SmifcJh+yD;
0&rf;ajy;jzpfcJhygw,f?
apmvSaiGwdk@nDtpfudkawGu usaemfhudk anmifwkef;rd@rSm&SdwJh olwdk@&J@rdbtdrfudk ydk@xm;ygw,f? anmifwkef;eJ@
yef;waemf=um; {&m0wDjrpfurf;ab;u &Gmomat;&Gmuav;u wGJzufausmif;rSm ausmif;q&mvdkawmh usaemf
ausmif;q&moGm;vkyfygw,f? usaemfh&J@ausmif;q&mb0[m &Gmom;at;&GmrSm pwifcJhygw,f? ausmif;q&mb0rSm aysmfay
rJh usaemfh&J@&nf&G,fcsufu pmoifzdk@vmcJhwmr[kwfbJ EdkifiHa&;t& acwWwdrf;a&Smifaejcif;om jzpfygw,f? apmvSaiG&J@ pDpOf
ay;csuft& 'kwd,ESpf pmoifESpfrSm rme,fyavmpcef;udk xGufcGmcJh&ygw,f? usKdufxD;dk;bk&m;awmifajcuae
aomif;&if;jrpfurf;a&mufwJhtxd (12) &ufwdwd awmifawG/ awmawGjzwf+yD; ajcvsifav#mufcJh&ygw,f? rme,f
yavmpcef;a&mufawmh AdkvfcsKyfjr/ apmoef;atmif/ zl;paumv,fawm/ AdkvfcsKyfjrarmif/ apmwmt,f/ apmpHvif;/
OD;pdk;atmifwdk@eJ@ awG@qHkpum;ajymcGifh&ygw,f? oEl;xl;pmapmifrSmvnf; jrefrmjynfynma&;pepfeJ@ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;
aqmif;yg;awG a&;cJhygw,f? usaemfh&nf&G,fcsufu vufeufudkifwdkufyGJrSm yg0ifzdk@r[kwfbJ vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_udk OD;wnfwJh
twGuf jynfwGif;udkjyefcJhygw,f? ausmif;q&mvkyf&if; vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_/ ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm;r_awGrSmyg0ifzkd@ tcGifhtcgapmifhae
cJhygw,f?
- 48 -
1980 rSm tpdk;&u taxGaxGvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifha=unmawmh usaemf &efukefjyefvmcJhygw,f? &efukefrSm usL&Sifjy

&if; pmay;pm,lwuUodkvf wufa&mufcJhygw,f? 1982 rSm rar#mfvifhbJ usaemftzrf;cH&ygw,f? oli,fcsif;awG vGwf+idrf;
csrf;omcGifheJ@vGwf=u+yD;rS usaemfu axmifxJjyef0if&ygw,f? ESpfESpft=um axmifuvGwf+yD; pmay;pm,lwuUodkvf pajz
ygw,f? r[mody`HpwufwJhESpf 1988 rSm ta&;tcif;awGjzpfawmh usaemfyg0ifcJhygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;aqmif+yD;
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf xlaxmifawmh usaemf yJcl;wdkif;pnf;Hk;a&;vkyfief;rSm yg0ifcJhygw,f? 1990 a&G;aumufyGJ
t+yD;rSm xyfrHzrf;qD;cH&ygw,f? axmifujyefvGwfvm+yD; 1993 rSmusaemf jrefrmjynfu xGufcGmvmcJhygw,f?
usaemfhtawG;rsm;udk jyefvnftqHk;owf&&if ausmif;om;qdk; wa,muf[m ausmif;q&mjzpfvmcJhygw,f? tck
tcg ausmif;q&mrsm;udk vrf;!efwJhq&m jzpfaeyg+yD? usaemfwdk@wawG[m ynmrvdkvm;vdk@ pmroifcsifvdk@ qlylcJh=uwm
r[kwfyg? usaemfwdk@ywf0ef;usif +idrf;csrf;om,mzdk@/ w&m;r#wzdk@ yg0ifaqmif&GufcJh=ujcif;om jzpfygw,f? 'Drdkua&pD0g'
xGef;um;vmzdk@ wpdwfwydkif; yg0ifcJh=uwm jzpfygw,f? acwftqufquf ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;awGrSm yg0ifcJh=uwJh
ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk*k%fy&if; usaemfhtawG;udk ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufygw,f?
a'gufwmodef;vGif ('DZifbm 2005)
&J&ifh=u,f wifarmifOD;
kyfyHkv$m tydkif;tprsm;
aumif;ndK
wdkufyGJawGu ol&Jaumif;udk arG;zGm;ay;w,f/ ol&Jaumif;qdkwm ordkif;acwfawG&J@ rSwfausmuf/ a&$tppfqdkwm
i&JrD;udkra=umufbl;?
ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ausmif;om;qdkwm ordkif;pOfwavsmufrSm wdkufyGJawGeJ@om tpDt&Djynfhv#rf;aecJhw,f? ausmif;
om;pdwf"gwf/ ausmif;om;ordkif;qdkwm Armjynf&J@ rw&m;r_qef@usifawmfvSefwJhvrf;a=umif;rSm xif&Sm;cJhw,f? usaemfwdk@
vufxJu wdkufyGJ0ifcGyfa'gif;tvHu tpOftvmt& vufqifhurf;o,fvmcJhwJhtvHjzpfygw,f?
ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ausmif;om;wdk@&J@ wdkufyGJpOfawGxJu (1974) rSmjzpfyGm;cJhwJh OD;oef@ta&;tcif;[m urBmhtv,f
rSm ArmjynfrsufESmri,fa&;twGufqifEGJcJhwJh ausmif;om;wdkufyGJyg? OD;oef@qdkwmu usaemfwdk@ jrefrmt,ltqt& ajym&
&if p}u0aw;rif;aygh? acwfay:EdkifiHa&;toHk;tE_ef;t&ajym&if ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;csKyfjzpfw,f? OD;oef@[m
wurBmvHk;uav;pm;&wJh urBmacgif;aqmif}uD;vnf;jzpfw,f? jzpfyGm;vkqJqJ urBmppfyGJ}uD;udk z,f&Sm;EdkifcJhwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;
orm;}uD;vJjzpfw,f? OD;oef@uG,fvGefawmh ol&J@ &kyfuvmyfudk ArmjynfrSm ryfESHay;zdk@ qEN&SdcJhw,f? ol@&J@ &kyfuvmyfudk
av,mOfeJ@trdEdkifiHqD o,fvmwJhtcsdfefrSm 'Dpsmyeav,mOfjzwfoef;&mvrf;wav#muf EdkifiHawGu tajrmufypfazguf
*k%fy=u&w,f?
'gayrJh OD;oef@&J@&kyfuvmyf Armjynfudka&mufvmawmh rqvtpdk;&u 'DvdkwurBmvHk;u av;pm;&wJh/ wefzdk;xm;wJh
acgif;aqmif}uD;udk omrefolvdkigvdkvlawGvdkoabmxm;+yD; t}uHyufpufpGm }uHawmocFsKid f;rSm r_yfESHzdk@ pDpOfcJhw,f? 'g[m
rqvtpdk;&&J@acgif;aqmif}uD; OD;ae0if;&J@ oabmxm;ao;odrfr_jzpfw,f? 'g[m Armjynf vlxkw&yfvHk;udk apmfum;&m
vnf;a&mufcJhwJhtwGuf tpOftvmt& rw&m;r_udk acgif;iHk@rcHwwfwJh/ &dk;om;+yD;wufuGwJh ausmif;om;awGu qef@usif
uef@uGufcJh=uw,f? OD;oef@&J@&kyfuvmyfudk ukvor*~axGaxGtwGif;a&;r;&mxl;eJ@ xdkufwefpGm r_yfESHo*vfzdk@ ausmif;om;
awGu ud;pm;=uw,f? 'DrSmwif tpdk;&eJ@ ausmif;om;awG[m xdyfwdkufawG@cJh=uw,f? tpdk;&u vufeufrJhausmif;om;
awGudk vlrqefpGm &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfcJh=uw,f?
'Dvdkt=urf;zufowfjzwfr_udk wzufowfcHcJh&wJh ausmif;om;awG[m vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;udk
a&mufcJh=uwm[m tifrwefrS obm0uswJh jzpfpOfwckygbJ?
tckqdk&if (26) ESpf&SdcJhyg+yD? usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG&J@ &ifxJrSmawmh rae@wae@uvdkyJ cHpm;ae&qJygbJ? OD;oef@
ta&;awmfyHkuae+yD; xGufay:vmcJhwJh ol&Jaumif;wOD;udkvnf; trSwfw& &SdaeqJygbJ? 'Dol&Jaumif;uawmh udkwifarmif
OD; jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh oleJ@ywfoufwJh tcsuftvufawG[m &Sm;yg;cJhygw,f? usaemfu ausmif;om;pdwf"mwfudkudkifpGJ+yD;
ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk wdkufyGJ0ifaewJh ausmif;om;wyfrawmf0ifwa,muftaeeJ@ OD;wifarmifOD;ta=umif;udk yDyDjyifjyifod
csifaecJhwm=umyg+yD? 'gayrJh tajctaeuray;bl;? usaemfuvnf; ordkif;okawoDwa,muf r[kwfawmh pepfwus
okawoe rvkyfEkdifbl;? usaemfu ausmif;om;wyfrawmfu &Guf=urf;a&usKd &Jabmfwa,mufr#om?
- 49 -
wcgw&HrSm trSwfrxif tjzpftysufawG[m trSwfxifxif ta=umif;t&mawGudk xkqpfwwfw,f? ta=umif;

t&m cdkifcdkifrmrm odyfr&SdvSbJ usaemf[m ygvDref'Drdkua&pD&J@ twGif;a&;r;jzpfol OD;cspfaqGeJ@ odu|rf;cJh&w,f? olu
usaemfhudk wpHkwckacgif;pOf owfrSwfr_r&SdbJ ta=umif;t&maygif;rsm;pGm ajymjyw,f? 'Dvdkajym=u qdk=u&if; udkwifarmif
OD;ta=umif;udk a&mufoGm;=uygw,f?
udkwifarmifOD;&J@ &kyfyHkv$mudk tefu,fOD;cspfaqGu olrSwfrdoavmufa&;cs,fjywmu
udkwifarmifOD;u t&yftarmif;aumif;+yD; vlacsmwa,mufjzpfw,f/ oyfoyf&yf&yfaewwf+yD; t+rJwrf; qHyifwdkwdkyJ
xm;wwfw,f? pum;enf;w,f?ajym&ifvnf; wefzdk;&SdwJhpum;udkom ajymavh&Sdw,f? wckckudkvkyf&if pdkufvdkufrwfwyf
vkyfavh&Sdw,f? tm;oGefcGefpdkufvkyfwwfw,f? t+rJwrf;vef;qef;wufuG aewwf+yD; ,Hk=unfcsufjyif;xefw,f?
udkwifarmifOD;/ &pfcswfwifarmifOD;/ udkjrifha&$qdk+yD; trnfokH;rsdK;&Sdw,fvdk@ OD;cspfaqGu ajymjyygw,f? udkwifarmifOD;eJ@
pwifoduGrf;&yHkukd od&ygap qdkawmh tefu,fOD;cspfaqGu
- cifAsm;wdk@vnf; odwJhtwdkif; (1974) rSm OD;oef@psmyeeJ@ywfouf+yD; tpdk;&u ausmif;om;awGudk &uf&ufpufpuf zdcGif;
ESdrfESif;w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@u awmxJa&mufaewm 4-5 ESpfavmuf&Sd+yD?
- rd@jywdkufyGJta=umif;awmh usaemfrodwmrsm;w,f? tJ'DrSm ausmif;om;awGu awmcdkvm=uw,f? awmcdkw,f
qdkawmhvnf; 'Dausmif;om;awG[m oef&moef&m vuf0J vuf,mawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;awGqDudk oGm;=uw,f?
b,folb,folawGqdkwmudkawmh tJ'dtcsdefu usaemfvnf;rodbl;? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGjzpfwJh udkwifarmifOD;u
jynfajy;awGeJ@aygif;oGm;+yD; udkjrifhpdk;uawmh AuyawGqD a&mufoGm;+yDvdk@ a=unm=uwmawGudkawmh =um;ae&w,f?
tJ'Dvdk ausmif;om;awG wzGJzJGa&mufvmaewJhtcsdefrSm usaemfu aemufwef;&Hk;rSm wyfem;+yD; &Hk;vkyfief;awGudk ulnDaewJh
tcsdef/ tJ'DrSm usaemfwdk@qDu 'kAdkvfr;}uD;u t&ifu wyfrawmf&J@ +Adwdo#oHcsyfum,EW,m;wyfrSm wyf=uyf}uD;/ olu
usaemfhudkac:w,f/ pmwapmifay;w,f? (PDP) pmu usaemfwdk@&J@ twGif;a&;r;csKyfyg/ (vyw) ppfOD;pD;csKyfvnf;jzpfwJh
AdkvfcsKyfoGif&J@pm/ pmxJrSma&;xm;wmu tckv$wfvdkufwJholudk ar;jref;pHkprf;jcif;rvkyfygeJ@/ olta=umif; odp&mrvdkbl;?
ol@udk tajccHppfynm ppfuGyfuJr_ynmeJ@ vufeufu|rf;usifr_awGudk oif=um;ay;vdkufyg qdk+yD;ygw,f? oifwef;q&mawG
tjzpfeJ@ usaemf&,f/ q&mayguG,f/ q&m0if;=unf&,fudk wm0efay;w,f? azgufcGJa&;oifwef;udkawmh tJ'Dtcsdefu
(PDP) &J@azmufcGJa&;wm0efcHjzpfwJh 'k-Adkvfr;}uD;wifxGef;u oifwef;ay;w,fvdk@ od&w,f? tJ'Dvlu cifAsm;ar;wJh
udkwifarmifOD;ygyJ?
oifwef;u (One Man Army) jzpfayrJh wyfzGJ@}uD;wzGJ@udk oifwef;ay;ovdkrsdK; tawmfjyif;jyif;xefxefay;wm 'Dvdk
jyif;xefyifyef;wJhoifwef;udk udkwifarmifOD;[m rnnf;rnLbJ ud;pm;cJhw,f? 'D (One Man Army) oifwef;[m (15)
&ufavmufyJ=umcJhw,f? (One Man Army) oifwef;awG+yD;vdk@ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG[m olwdk@csif;qHkwJhtcg
vGwfvyfwJhausmif;om;tzJG@tpnf;wck xlaxmif=uzdk@ aqG;aEG;=uw,f? ppftm%m&Sifqef@usifa&; vufeufudkifausmif;
om;or*~qdk+yD; zGJ@pnf;=uw,f? 'Dppftm%m&Sifqef@usifa&; vufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~udk usaemfwdk@&J@ (PDP) ygwDu
axmufyHhw,f? t}uHay;w,f/ ulnDw,f/ vGwfvyfwJhtzGJ@tpnf;wcktaeeJ@ todtrSwfycJhw,f/ usaemfwdk@ygwDvdkyJ
(KNU) uvnf; todtrSwfycJhw,f? (PDP) eJ@ (KNU) aqG;aEG;wdkifyif+yD; wyfr[m (6) e,fajrxJrSm&SdwJh zvl;{&d,m
xJrSmwae&m/ tJ'Dzvl;&J@ wzufurf;rSm wae&m/ tJ'D (2) ae&mrSm 'Dvufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~&J@&kH;awG zGifhcGifhay;cJh
w,f? 'gwifr[kwfao;bl;? &HyHkaiG&&Sda&;twGuf zvl;aps;wef;rSm qdkifwqdkifwnfay;w,f? rwnfaiGtjzpf (PDP) u
aiGoHk;aomif; xkwfay;cJhw,f? tJ'Dqdkifudk ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwa,mufjzpfwJh udkarmifqef;u wm0efcHtjzpf wm0ef
,l&w,f?
'Dppftm%m&Sifqef@usifa&; vufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~udkzGJ@awmh usaemfwdk@ygwDrSm t&if&Sdae=uwJh tpOftvm
ausmif;om;awGuvnf; 'Dor*~xJudk ul;ajymif;oGm;=uw,f? 'gudk ygwDuvnf; cGifhyw,f? or*~zGJ@pnf;=uawmh OuUu
tmZmenfol&Jaumif;}uD;jzpfwJh udkwifarmifOD;ygbJ? 'k-OuUu rk'Hkausmif;om;acgif;aqmifjzpfwJh udkoef@Zif/ twGif;a&;r;
u udk&Jjrifhpdk;/ 'D udk&Jjrifhpdk;qdkwmu AuyawGeJ@ yl;aygif;oGm;w,fvdk@ tpdk;&u a=unmxm;wJh udk&Jjrifhpdk;ygyJ? trSefu
udkjrifhpdk;[m AuyawGeJ@yl;aygif;oGm;wm r[kwfygbl;/ usaemfwdk@ (PDP) udka&mufvmwmyg? ,ckxufwdkif ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&Sd
ae+yD; awmfvSefa&;wm0efawGudk ol@enf;ol@[efeJ@ qufvufxrf;aqmifaeqJyg/ wGJbuftwGif;a&;r;tjzpfeJ@ udkpdefjrifh/
oluawmh (1970) wuUodkvfa&$&wktxdrf;trSwfqENjyyGJrSm armfvrdifwuUodkvfuae &moufyefausmif;xkwfcHxm;&wJh
oljzpfw,f?
'Dvdkor*~zGJ@+yD;awmh tydkif; (2) ydkif; cGJvdkufw,f? udkwifarmifOD;eJ@ wcsdK@acgif;aqmifawGu rd@jyvkyfief;awGudk vkyf=u
w,f? usefwJhacgif;aqmifawGu awmwGif;vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;udk vkyf=uw,f?
- 50 -
rd@jyvkyfief;awGtjzpfeJ@ udkwifarmifOD;tygt0if usaemfwdk@ygwDu (One Man Army) oifwef;ay;xm;wJh ausmif;

om;awG[m rd@jyuausmif;om;awG/ olwdk@udkaxmufcHolawGeJ@ qufoG,f+yD; rd@jywdkufyGJawG qifEGJzdk@ud;pm;=uw,f? tpdk;&
&J@ tcsuftcsmuswJh ae&mawGudk rdkif;cGJzsufqD;zdk@ vkyfaqmif=u&w,f?
'Drd@jyvkyfief;awGvkyfudkif=uwJh tkyfpkxJrSm usaemfhtaeeJ@ rSwfrSwf&&&SdaewJh ausmif;om;ESpfa,muf&Sdw,f/
wa,mufuawmh rqvtpdk;&u ud;rdef@ay;uGyfrsufwmcHcJh&wJh/ usaemfukd,fwdkif oifwef;ay;vdkuf&wJh udkwifarmifOD;/
aemufwa,mufuawmh tif; ESpfawG=umawmh emrnfawGarhukef+yD/ q&mwyfrawmfrif;&JxGef;&J@om;vdk@ ajymw,f?
oluawmh rd@jyvkyfief;awGvkyf&if;eJ@ usHK'dk;acsmif;rSm a&epfw,f/ a&epfawmh tpdk;&ppfwyfu vltkyfeJ@u,fzdk@ ud;pm;w,f/
awmfvSefa&;orm;rSef; od[efrwlygbl;?
'gayrJh 'Dausmif;om;u rif;wdk@&J@ aoG;ayaewJhvufudk igrudkifbl; vdk@ajym+yD; taocHw,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@&J@ (PDP)
v#dK@0Suf&JabmfawGeJ@ ukefonfawGujyefajym=uw,f? tifrwefav;pm;p&maumif;wJh ausmif;om;awGyg?
'DvdkyJ awmwGif;vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;wdkufyJGawGrSmvnf; usqHk;cJh&wJh ausmif;om;awG&SdcJhw,f? 'Dppftm%m&Sif
qef@usifa&; vufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~u usaemfwdk@ygwD&J@ taumif;qHk;uGefref'dkwyfjzpfwJh aygufusKdif;wyfzGJ@eJ@ wGJ+yD;
v_yf&Sm;w,f? 'DaygufusKdif;uGefref'dkwyfzGJ@&J@wyfr;u ppftm%m&Sifqef@usifa&; vufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~zGJ@awmh
usaemfwdk@ygwDuae ul;ajymif;oGm;+yD; 'Dor*~&J@ wGJbuftwGif;a&;r;wm0efudk,laewJh udkpdefjrifhygyJ?
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w,f? &efukef-rEWav;&xm;vrf;rSm wdkufyGJawG azmfEdkifcJhw,f? 'DwdkufyGJawGxJrSm ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwa,mufjzpfwJh
udkatmifEdkif (0ef}uD;OD;ausmf+idrf;&J@wl) [m usqHk;cJh&w,f? udkatmifEdkifqdkwm rd@jyvkyfief;awGvkyf&if; udkwifarmifOD;udk
rqvuzrf;rdoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm 'Dvufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~&J@ OuUwm0efudk qufvuf,lcJhwJhol jzpfw,f/ udkatmif
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armifOD;qdkwmudk usaemfol@udk oifwef;ay;wJh umvrSma&m/ oifwef;+yD;oGm;wJh umvwcktxd udkwifarmifOD;rSef; rodcJh
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jyefcsufawG vkyfvdkufwJhoabmvnf; ygr,fxifygw,f?
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rSwfrSwf&&jzpfapwJh jzpf&yf&Sdovm; qdk&ifawmh txufrSm usaemfajymcJhovdk tm;opfpmapmifu ol&J@ (2) }udrfajrmuf
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tawG@tuHawGeJ@ ol&J@ awmfvSefa&;tay: oabmxm;udk ar;jref;=uw,f?
'DyGJrSm udkwifarmifOD; ajymoGm;wmudk rSwfrdoavmufajym&&if t"dutcsufuawmh (3) csufyJAs? bmvJqdkawmh
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vm&rSmyJ qdkwJhoabm&,f aemufqHk;tcsuftaeeJ@ ausmif;om;awG vufeufudkifw,f/ t=urf;zuf=uw,f qdkwmvnf;
aoG;uGae=uvdk@r[kwfbl;? ppftm%m&Siaf wGu ausmif;om;tygt0if vufeufrJhvlxkudk &ufpufpGm "m;rdk;tkyfcsKyfae
w,f/ usaemfwdk@[m tqifhwckrSm rd@jywdkufyGJawGtjzpfeJ@ oydwfwdkufyGJawGudk qifE$JcJh=u+yD; vuf&Sdtaetxm;rSm ausmif;
om;awG&J@ EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_udk tqifhwckqDudk jrifhwifzdk@vdkvmw,f? 'gha=umifh vufeufudkif&wmjzpfw,f/ rd@jyvkyfief;
awGudk tm;&atmifvkyf+yD;&if awmwGif;vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;udk xdxda&mufa&muf OD;aqmifv_yf&Sm;r,f/ yDjyifwJh
ausmif;om;wyfrawmfw&yf ay:vmatmifud;pm;r,f? (PDP) uvnf; 0dkif;0ef;ulnD=uzdk@ qdk+yD;ajymoGm;w,f?
'gayrJh ausmif;om;wyfrawmfudk olzGJ@pnf;cGifh romcJhbl;? oludk,fwdkif OD;aqmifwnfaxmifxm;wJh ppftm%m&Sifqef@
usifa&; vufeufudkifausmif;om;or*~[mvnf; (1978) ckESpfrSm usaemfwdk@ (PDP) eJ@twl tm;enf; ysufjy,foGm;cJh&
w,f/ oludk,fwdkifuawmh rqv&J@ud;pifrSm ol&Jaumif;yDopGm wdkif;jynfeJ@vlrsdK;twGuf toufpGef@oGm;cJhw,f?
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rSwfrSwf&&ayghAsm/ usaemfwdk@ygwD&,f (KNU) &,f olwdk@or*~&,f aygif;+yD;/ zvl;wdk@ 0rf;cgwdk@rSm 7th July tcrf;
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tcrf;tem;r;vkyfwJh AdkvfatmifrsdK;u zwfcdkif;vdk@ usaemfudk,fwdkif zwfay;cJh&bl;ygw,f?
tif; olwdk@or*~&J@tvHu tck cifAsm;wdk@&J@tvHvdkyJ cGyfa'gif;tvHyJAs/ rSwfrdoavmuf 'Dor*~rSm OD;aqmifyg0if=uwJh
ausmif;om;awGu udkwifarmifOD;/ udkpdefjrifh/ udkatmifEdkif/ udk&Jjrifhpdk;/ udkarmifqef;/ udkatmifjrifh/ a'gufuvyf ac: udkodrfOD;
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jzpfol OD;cspfaqGtm; aus;Zl;txl;wif&Sdygonf? )
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txu tvuausmif;om;av;awG[m vHkcHa&;wm0ef,l&mrSm av;*GawGygyg=u+yD; vufvnf;ajzmifhwJhtwGuf
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rwdk@cJhygbl;? ppftpdk;&ydkifypPnf;awG taqmuftOD;awGudkom aoaocsmcsmypfrSwfxm;+yD; au|;wmjzpfygw,f? (11) &ufae@
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awG@ae&ygw,f? reufup=um;&wJh aoewfoH[m naeapmif;usrS wdwfygw,f? (11) &ufae@rmS yJ rqvu ppftkyfcsKyfa&;
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jyefw,f? aemufwcsD xyfcs=uw,f? 'Dwcgawmh &efukefrd@xJrSm ppfom;awG pdaeatmifcsxm;+yD;jzpfvdk@ (11) &ufae@
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avmuf =um=umwdkufyGJ0ifvdk@r&bJ ypfcwfowfjzwfcH&+yD; +idrfoGm;&w,f? 'DtHkuGr_ESpf&uftwGif; ppftpdk;&&J@xkwfjyefcsuf

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+idrf;csrf;pGmeJ@ qENjyawmif;qdkcJhwmudk ppftm%m&SifawGup+yD; t=urf;zufzdcGJwmjzpfw,f? t"duacgif;aqmifawG tm;vHk;
vdkvdk axmifxJa&mufoGm;wJhtcg usefwJhausmif;om;awGudk xdef;EdkifwJholr&Sdawmhvdk@ tckvdkaygufuGJyGifhxGufoGm;wm
wu,fawmh bmrSrqef;ygbl;? ausmif;om;qdkwmuvnf; b,facwfrSmrS oDaygrif;pdwf"mwf/ uif;0efrif;}uD;pdwf"mwfrsKd;
r&SdcJhygbl;?
tJ'Dawmh 'DZifbm (12) &ufae@uyJ OD;oef@ta&;awmfyHk&J@ aemufqHk;jzpfoGm;+yDvm;? tJovdkajymr,fqdk ajymvdk@&Edkif
ayrJh ausmif;om;awG&J@aemufqHk;awmh vHk;0r[kwfygbl;? wu,fawmh ausmif;om;awG&J@aemufqHk;qdkwm &Sdudkr&Sdygbl;?
bmvdk@vJqdkawmh aemufxyf (6) vt=umjzpfwJh 1975 ZGefvrSm ausmif;om;awG[m ppftm%m&SifawGukd xyfrHtHwk
cJhjyefygw,f? 'gudk ppftpdk;&uzdcGJ+yD; ausmif;om;awGudk &meJ@csD axmifcscJhjyefw,f? 'gayrJh ausmif;om;awG[m aemufxyf
(9) vt=umjzpfwJh 1976 rwfvrSm rd_if;&mjynfhta&;awmfyHkudk qifE$JwdkufyGJ0ifjyefygw,f? &mcsDtzrf;cH&jyefw,f? axmifxJ
a&mufwJhausmif;om;awGuvnf; tvHrvSJbJ wdkufyGJawGw+cdrf;+cdrf; qufwdkuf=uwmygyJ?
1977 ckrSm (7) av;vHk;vkyfzdk@ud;yrf;csuf/ 1978 rSm tHkuGzdk@ud;yrf;csufawGuawmh pzdk@=uHwkef;rSmyJ tzdcHvdkuf&w,f?
'gawGtm;vHk;[m EdkifiHwumvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtzGJ@wdk@/ EdkifiHwum=uufajceDwdk@/ vl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=unhfa&;tzGJ@wdk@u
jrefrmjynfudk pm&if;xJxnfhrxm;wJhtcsdefrSm vkyfcJh=uwmyg? tJ'Daemuf 1980 rSm rqvppftpdk;&u (280) eJ@vGwf+idrf;
csrf;omcGifhay;awmh ausmif;om;awG&J@ pGef@v$wfwdkufyGJ0ifr_awGudk EdkifiHa&;orm;a[mif;}uD;awGu opPmazmufvdkuf=uyg
w,f? 'geJ@yJ 1988 txd a&pkefarsmoGm;wmjzpfw,f? 1974 ckESpf tvkyform;ta&;awmfyHkeJ@ OD;oef@ta&;awmfyHk vlowfyGJ
awGjzpf+yD; aemuf (13) ESpft=umrSmrS Armjynfudk urBmu awG@&Sd oGm;=uygawmhw,f?
b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf rsKd;qufawG[m wquf+yD;wquf udk,fvkyfEdkifoavmuf tajctaeay;oavmuf twwfEdkifqHk;
wm0efausatmif vkyfoGm;=uwmcsnf;ygyJ? tajctaeay;oavmufxufawmh b,folrSausmfvGef+yD; vkyfvdk@r&cJh=uygbl;?
b,facwfyJa&mufa&muf ausmif;om;awGuawmh rw&m;wmudk b,fawmhrS acgif;iHk@+idrfcHaerSmr[kwfygbl;?
(Taqmif;yg;a&;jzpf&ef v_H@aqmfr_jzpfcJhaom q&mrjra=u;rHktm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?)
*gr%d
- 54 -

အေရးေတာ္ပံု ၄ ေစာင္တြဲ

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အေရးေတာ္ပံု ၄ ေစာင္တြဲ

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