ymasundara dsa

(Bakaja Zoltn)

A Bhagavad-gt tantsa

ymasundara dsa
(Bakaja Zoltn)

A Bhagavad-gt tantsa

jaszja praszdd bhagavat-praszd jaszjpraszdn na gatih kut 'pi dhjjan sztuvamsz taszja jasasz tri-szandhjam vand gurh sr-csaranravindam

ymasundara dsa
(Bakaja Zoltn)

A Bhagavad-gt tantsa Felels Kiad: Kozk Mihly (Manorama dsa) www.lal.hu www.krisna.hu

Ll Kiad, 2004 Krisna-vlgy, 8699 Somogyvmos, F u. 38. Tel.: (85) 340-130

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Tbb olyan knyvvel tallkoztam mr, amelynek a bevezetsben a szerz arra kri az olvast, hogy prblja meg fken tartani a kvncsisgt s szpen sorjban, lap lap utn, az elejtl a vgig olvassa a mvet a megfelel hats elrse rdekben. Ez a munka nem az ilyen alkotsok kz tartozik. Azoknak, akik a filozofikus elmlkedst rszestik elnyben, azt javaslom, hogy elszr az els fejezettel ismerkedjenek meg, azokat pedig, akik a mindennapok praktikus tetteiben rzik inkbb otthon magukat, arra btortom, hogy az utols rsszel kezdve, fordtott sorrendben olvassk a hrom fejezetet. A Bhagavad-gt nem egy bizonyos kaszt vagy felekezet rszre rdott. Az emberek minden rtege tmutatst kaphat belle arra vonatkozlag, hogyan szabadulhat meg az let elkerlhetetlen gytrelmeitl, s rheti el a lelki let tkletes szintjt. Azokat az embereket, akiket inkbb a dolgok elmleti alapja rdekel, a tuds segtsgvel vezeti el a tudatos cselekvs tkletessgig, mg azokat, akik a tettek embereinek valljk magukat, a cselekvs tudatostsn t juttatja el a blcsek letszemllethez. ppen ezrt gy reztem, hogy ha csak azt a tanulmnyt jelentetnm meg, amelyet most e knyv els fejezeteknt olvashatnak, s amit eredetileg egy nll rsnak szntam, csak fl munkt vgeznk, mert az ilyen szraz szvegelemzs csak kevs ember figyelmt kpes lektni. Ezt megfontolvn egy msik fejezetben rszletesen bemutattam, hogy a Gt vgkvetkeztetst kimond versben javasolt folyamat elemei hogyan jelennek meg az egsz mben, majd miutn ezt mg mindig tlontl teoretikusnak talltam, egy kvetkez fejezetben a lehet legegyszerbben lertam, mit kell tennie annak, aki a mben javasolt bhakti-jga gyakorlatait be akarja pteni mindennapi letbe. Aki ilyen tetteket vgez, az ksbb termszetes mdon vgyni kezd arra, hogy minl tbbet megtudjon elmleti htterkrl, azokat pedig, akik megismerik a Gt ptkezsnek isteni harmnijt, ez ktsgkvl arra fogja inspirlni, hogy komolyan vegyk s beptsk letkbe tantsait. ymasundara dsa 2004. februr 24. Sr Purusottama Dsza Thkura megjelensi napja 5

A BHAGAVAD-GT TANTSA

Mit tant a Bhagavad-gt?

A Bhagavad-gtt, a hindu Biblit szles krben ismerik a vilgon. Immr vszzadok ta nem csak a hinduk, de az eurpai rtelmisg egy rsze is nagyra rtkeli vlt vagy vals tantsait s itt meg is llhatunk. Vlt, vagy vals. Egy katolikus pappal folytatott diskurzusom sorn beszlgetpartnerem gy adott hangot vlemnynek: A Biblinak tbb mint ezer fle magyarzata van. Nem lehet egyszerre mindegyik rvnyes. Mgis, az ezernyi magyarzat ezernyi felekezetet szlt, melyek tantsai, gyakorlatai kisebb-nagyobb mrtkben eltrnek egymstl. Mi a helyzet a Bhagavad-gtval, mely a Biblia harminchromezer versvel ellenttben csak htszz strfbl ll, s gy jval knnyebben tlthat? A krdsfelvetsbl knny kitallni, hogy ez esetben is hasonl a helyzet. E tanulmnyt mgsem a klnfle hindu felekezeti csoportok tagjainak sznom elssorban, hanem a nyugat filozofikus gondolkods embereinek, akiknek szintn megvan a maguk sajtos Gt rtelmezse. A mvet nyugati csodli legtbbszr azrt magasztaljk, mert olyan tolerns a klnbz vallsos megkzeltsekkel szemben. Ezt elszeretettel emlegetik fel a ma npszer filozfia altmasztsra: mindenkinek megvan a maga tja, minden t ugyanoda vezet A vallsfilozfusok vlekedse is hasonl. A. L. Hermann pldul gy r:
[A Bhagavad-gtban] a felszabaduls elrst clz eszkzk kzl egyik sem jobb a msiknl. Inkbb arrl van sz, hogy egy adott mdszer jobban illetve kevsb felel-e meg az egyni guna1 szempontjbl.

A torta habjt pedig a klnbz ezoterikus krk rtelmezsei alkotjk, melyekkel sajt, gyakran szinkretista nzetredszerket prbljk altmasztani. E tanulmny clja a nyilvnval flrertsek s flrertelmezsek korriglsa egy si indiai, Dzsaimini Muninak
1

A gunk az anyagi energia klnbz minsgei, amelyek az egyni hajlamok kialakulsban jtszanak szerepet.

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BHAKTI-JGA A MINDENNAPOKBAN foglal egy hat rszbl ll, sarangatinak nevezett folyamatot. Knyvnk msodik fejezetben arra kerestnk pldkat, hogyan jelenik meg a sarangati hat eleme a Bhagavad-gt lapjain. Ebben a fejezetben arrl ejtnk nhny szt, hogy mit kell tennie ma, 2004-ben annak, akit rdekel a bhakti-jga folyamata, s tbb hasznot reml a Gt tanulmnyozsbl, mint amit pusztn a vilgirodalom egy klasszikusnak lvezete, vagy egy letnt kor filozfiai rendszernek megismerse nyjthat. A bhakti sz odaads-t, a jga kifejezs pedig sszekapcsolds-t jelent. A bhakti-jga nem ms, mint a llek s Isten kztti szeretetteljes kapcsolat helyrelltsa. Az elz fejezetben mr lertuk a bhakti-jga t legfontosabb gyakorlatt s azt, hogyan jelennek meg ezek a Gtban. Most nzzk meg, miknt gyakorolhatjuk ezeket a mindennapi letben. Az els a bhaktk (az odaad hvk) trsasgnak felkutatsa. Ahogyan nem vlhat valakibl orvos vagy pedaggus pusztn egy pr knyv tanulmnyozsval, az odaad szolglat elemeit is megfelel tapasztalattal rendelkez emberek trsasgban kell elsajttanunk. Ha valaki olyanok trsasgt keresi, akik az vvel azonos foglalkozst znek, az elsegti a munkban val fejldst, ezrt az emberek klnfle trsasgokat s klubokat hoznak ltre. Isteni Kegyelme Srla Prabhupada 1966-ban megalaptotta a Krisnatudat Nemzetkzi Szervezett (ISKCON), hogy e trsasghoz kapcsoldva a nyugaton lk is elsajtthassk a bhakti-jga gyakorlatrendszert. A szervezet magyarorszgi ga Magyarorszgi Krisna-tudat Hvk Kzssge nven 1989 ta hivatalosan bejegyzett felekezet. Az egyhz f kzpontja, a krisna-vlgyi kulturlis kzpont s biogazdasg Somogyvmoson tallhat. Emellett szmos ms kzpont is mkdik az orszg klnbz vrosaiban. Azoknak, akik komolyan szeretnnek elmlylni a Bhagavad-gt s ms vdikus rsok tanulmnyozsban, a Bhaktivedanta Hittudomnyi Fiskola eladsainak ltogatst javaslom. Az egyhz kzpontjairl s rendezvnyeirl a www.krisna.hu internetes oldalon tallnak bvebb tjkoztatst az rdekldk. Az odaad szolglat msik f eleme a nma krtana, Isten szent neveinek neklse. A klnbz jga-folyamatok a meditci klnfle fajtit ajnljk, a meditci trgya azonban mindig az Abszolt Igazsg kell hogy legyen, mivel a jga sz jelentse: 39

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BHAKTI-JGA A MINDENNAPOKBAN Azoknak, akiknek nincs lehetsgk arra, hogy azokon a szent helyeken ljenek, ahol Sr Krisna a kedvtelseit vgezte, azt tancsoljk, hogy ha tehetik, legalbb egyszer az letkben ltogassk meg e helyeket. Amikor az r e vilgban megjelenik, trsai s transzcendentlis hajlka egyarnt vele tartanak. gy van ez akkor is, amikor a templomokban imdott formjban nyilvnul meg, ezrt az a templom, ahol az elrsok megfelel betartsval odaadan szolgljk az r formjt, egyenrtk Isten transzcendentlis hajlkval. Krisna rkk tiszta hvei szvben lakozik, s mindig megjelenik ott, ahol valaki az szeretetteljes odaad szolglatt vgzi. Ez az odaad atmoszfra az, ami miatt az r megjelensnek helysznei klnlegesen ldsos hatssal brnak. Akinek nincs arra lehetsge, hogy elltogasson a Krisna-tudatos kzssg indiai kzpontjaiba, az keresse fel az egyik magyarorszgi templomot, ahol egytt nekelheti a hvekkel a Har Krisna mantrt. Ahogy a vaisnava klt mondja: Az r Hari rkk ott lakik, ahol tiszta hvei nagy odaadssal szent neveit neklik (Kvalstaka 5). Vgl az tdik kiemelt pont az r templomi formjnak imdata. Srla Prabhupada gy r errl:
A vdikus irodalom tansga szerint az imdat ktfle lehet: szaguna, amikor a Legfelsbbet mint szemlyes tulajdonsgokkal rendelkezt imdjuk, valamint nirguna, amikor az imdat a Legfelsbb szemlytelen, tulajdonsgok nlkli aspektusra irnyul. A templomi mrti-imdat szaguna, mert az Urat ott anyagi tulajdonsgok kpviselik. Az r formja ennek ellenre nem anyagi, noha olyan anyagi tulajdonsgok kpviselik, mint pldul a k, a fa vagy az olajfestk. Ez a Legfelsbb r abszolt termszete. Ezt a kvetkez pldval illusztrlhatnnk: ha leveleinket az utckon tallhat postaldba dobjuk, akkor minden klnsebb akadly nlkl clba rnek. Azzal viszont semmire sem megynk, ha a kldemnyeket egy rgi dobozba, egy utnzat ldba vagy a postahivatal ltal nem hitelestett ldba helyezzk. Ehhez hasonlan Istennek is van egy hiteles kpviselje a mrti formjban, s ez az arcsvigraha, a Legfelsbb r inkarncija. Isten ezen keresztl elfogadja az ember szolglatt. Az r mindenhat, ezrt az arcs-vigraha inkarncijn keresztl kpes elfogadni a bhakta szolglatt, hogy ezzel is megknnytse az emberek dolgt, akiknek lte felttelekhez kttt. (12.5 magyarzat)

41

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BHAKTI-JGA A MINDENNAPOKBAN
zsiradkot megkaphatjuk a legcsodlatosabb tel, a tej formjban is. A tej, a vaj, a sajt s a tbbi tejtermk gy ad llati zsrt, hogy nem szksges hozz rtatlan teremtmnyeket elpuszttani. Csakis a barbr mentalits vezethet effle mszrlshoz. A szksges llati zsiradk beszerzsnek civilizlt formja a tej fogyasztsa. Az llatok mszrlsa az emberi szint alatt ll fajokra jellemz. A felesbors, a dl, a barnaliszt s a hasonl lelmiszerek a szksges fehrjemennyisgrl is gondoskodnak. A szenvedly kterejben lv keser, tl ss, tlsgosan fszeres vagy tl sok ers paprikt tartalmaz telek a gyomorban lv nylkt cskkentve fjdalmat okoznak, s betegsgekhez vezetnek. A tudatlansg vagy sttsg kterejbe tartoz telekre fknt az jellemz, hogy nem frissek. Minden olyan tel, amit az elfogyaszts eltt hrom rnl rgebben fztek (kivve a praszdamot, vagyis az rnak felajnlott telt) a sttsg kterejhez tartozik. Az ilyen tel rothad, ezrt rossz szagot is raszt, ami a tudatlansgban lvket gyakran vonzza, m a jsgban l emberekben undort kelt. Csak olyan tel maradkait szabad fogyasztani, amit elzleg felajnlottak a Legfelsbb rnak.

Amint az a fentiekbl kiderl, a bhakti-jgk csak olyan telt fogyasztanak el, amelyet a templomi imdat sorn, vagy az otthoni oltrkp eltt lve felajnlottak az rnak. Sr Krisna elfogadja a Neki felajnlott gymlcsket, zldsg- s gabonaflket, valamint a tejtermkeket. Ms telek fogyasztsa nemcsak egszsgtelen, de az ember tudatt is beszennyezi. Ez teht a Bhagavad-gt ltal javasolt bhakti-jga gyakorlatainak rvid sszefoglalsa. A tmrl sokktetnyi knyv szletett mr, s akit mlyebben rdekel, annak azt javaslom, hogy Isteni Kegyelme A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, A Bhagavad-gt gy, ahogy van cm knyvt vegye elszr kzbe.

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Felhasznlt irodalom: A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada: A Bhagavad-gt gy, ahogy van, 2003, Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada: r Caitanya-caritmta, 1996, BBT. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada: rmad-Bhgavatam Msodik nek, 1992, BBT. Bhaktivinoda Thkura: aragati, 1996, Vdikus Kultrrt Alaptvny. Sivarama Swami: A Bhaktivedanta-magyarzatok: A Bhagavad-gt tkletes rtelmezse, 1999, Bhaktivedanta Kulturlis s Tudomnyos Intzet, Budapest.