TEAM WORK

TEAM
A group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than sum of those individual inputs. A group of individuals who see themselves and who are seen by others as a social entity.

T Total E Effort of A All M Members

TEAM

T Together E Everyone A Achieves M More

Group Common goal Cumulative effort Sharing of responsibility Sharing of rewards

TEAM WORK EXERCISE

KEY ELEMENTS
Goal- clear and specific Planning Coordination Communication Roles of each members Leadership Interdependence Knowledge and skills Size of the team

TYPES OF TEAMS
1. Problem solving teams: It is a group of 5- 12 employees. From the same department. Meet for few hours. Each week. Discuss and solve work related problems.

2. Self- managing teams( self- directed, self reliant): Also called as autonomous work groups. Given responsibility for a task area No day to day supervision. But an authority to influence and control both group members and behaviour.

3.Cross- functional teams (Horizontal teams): Group of employees from about the same hierarchical level. But from different work areas. Created to deal with specific problems. Dissolved when the task is completed or problem is solved.

Other types
1. Formal team: A team created by organisation as part of the formal organisation structure. 2. Vertical Team: It consists of a manager and his subordinates in the formal chain of command. 3. Virtual team: A team that uses computer technology so that geographically distant members can collaborate on projects and reach common goals.

TEAM ACTIVITIES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Advising. Innovating. Promoting. Developing. Organizing. Producing. Inspecting. Maintaining. Linking.

Life Cycle of a Team

FORMING ADJOURNING STORMING

PERFORMING NORMING ( TEAM NORMS)

SPACESHIP GAME

TEAM BUILDING
Activities designed to construct, develop and sustain team of people working together to achieve common goals with a commitment to taking collective responsibility. Refers to facilitating a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves responsible.

KEY POINTS:
1. Small Groups. 2. Activities designed to construct, develop and sustain team. 3. Facilitating a small group of people with complementary skills 4. Committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals and approach. 5. Collective responsibility. 6. Intervention.

PURPOSE OF TEAM BUILDING

1. To improve intra and inter team effectiveness. 2. To facilitate sharing resources and acquiring new skills for accomplishing the task of team. 3. Improving overall performance.

Elements of an effective team

Interdependence
Leadership Adaptability Vision Coordination

Potential team problems

1. Changing Composition: Transfers,Changes, Additions. 2. Interpersonal relationship among members. 3. Communication barriers. 4. Social loafing. 5. Inappropriate leadership style/ ineffective leader. 6. Large size of the team. 7. No organisation. 8. Role ambiguity. 9. Lack of trust. 10. Domination by one or more members. 11. Lack of motivation.

12. Lack of compatibility/ conflict among the group members. 13. Lack of consensus among team members. 14. Negative climate/ anti- team culture. 15. Disagreement over teams purpose and tasks. 16. Large influx of new members. 17. Low degree of team morale or low team cohesiveness. 18. Stagnation within team. 19. Resistance to change. 20. Confusion/ disagreement about roles within the team. 21. Bad decision making. 22. Bad policies. 23. Ill- conceived reward system. 24.Insufficient information and feedback.

CONFLICTS
Disagreement between individuals or group. Inevitable. Significant role in teamwork. Excessive conflict leading to disruption of the goal achievement process is harmful.

Causes of conflict
Incompatibility Goal ambiguity Role ambiguity Unhealthy Competition Individualized goals Misfit team member

Techniques for handling conflicts

Avoiding the situation/ cooling off period. Accommodating the differences between two parties. Compromising Mediation by an authoritative figure. Confrontation

Enhancing Group Discussions in Teams

by Edward De Bono PMI CAF Six Thinking Hats

PMI
PLUS (Positive Thought) MINUS (Negative Thought) INTERESTING

Consider All Factors (CAF)

Financial Emotional Social Practical Convenient And so on

SIX THINKING HATS

White: Objectivity (facts) Red: Emotions Black: Dangers and weaknesses Yellow: Benefits and values Green: Creativity Blue: Guidance and control (worn by the leader)

Characteristics of a good team player

Thinks in We/ us/ our terms versus I/me/ mine. Is flexible. Is willing to share information, ideas, and recognition/ success. Gets along well with others and is cooperative/ supportive. Exhibits interest and enthusiasm. Remains loyal to team purpose and team members. Aware about his/ her role as a team member. Attempts to turn a conflict in a positive experience. Believe in Win- Win situation.

GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING HIGH PERFORMANCE TEAMS

Size: Small( 5- 12) Skills: 3 kinds of skills required: a. Technical competence. b. Problem Solving. c. Interpersonal skills.

Behaviours:
Speak respectfully to one another about one another. Listen without interrupting. Express opinions, feelings openly, honestly. Make I statements and not You statements. Ask for help when needed, offer help when when possible. Make commitments seriously and keep them up. Support the team and each other. Focus on problem and solutions, not blame and accusations.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Open Communication. Team goals.: clear and concrete. Shared leadership. Decisions based on consensus. Supportive Environment. Skills and role clarity( qualified and clear). Team Rewards. Diagnose and manage stress. Reverse evaluation. Establish urgent, demanding performance standards. Select members for attitudes and skills. Train leaders to coach and not boss. Exploit the power of positive feedback. Select people who like treatment. Train, train , train. Train for flexibility.

COMMUNICATION NETWORK
It is a pattern of communication channels between team members. Five most common communication networks are: 1. Y Network 2. Wheel 3. Chain 4. Circle 5. All- Channel

CENTRALISED NETWORK

Y Network

Wheel Network

Chain Network

DECENTRALISED NETWORK

Circle Network

All- Channel Network

Team Leaders
1. 2. 3. The leader should know his own strengths and how those strengths can help the entire group. The leader should share power and information in order to empower team members and reach goals. Team leaders should enable members to find answers for themselves asking questions and encouraging balanced participation. Team leaders should coordinate team activities and avoid wasting time. Leaders should accept the concept of continuous on- the- learning.

4.

5.

TEAM LEADER
TRADITIONAL Authority Figure Expert Teacher Problem Solver Coordinator MODERN Coach and Counsellor Champion and cheerleader Resource allocator Manager Facilitator

Tips for team leaders

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Remember that each member has something to add to your team. Fix goals that are measurable to keep your team focused. Always reward merit, but never let errors go unmarked. A degree of independence is essential in successful team work. Team thrive on mutual trust. Delegation, openness of conduct and communication and a free exchange should be encouraged. React positively to novel and creative ideas. SWOT for each member. Performance evaluation. Provide feedback.

BUILDING TRUST
Trust: Is a belief in the integrity, character or ability of others.
Demonstrate that you are working for others interests as well as your own. Support your team and demonstrarate your loyalty through words and action when team is under attack. Keep members informed about what is going on. Explain your decisions. Let them know the problems. Learn to appreciate and give credit to people who show performance. Share your feelings and opinion with team mates. Do not play a double game. Learn to guide others through technical competence, team building and interpersonal skills.

THANK YOU
Presentation by Ms. Suhas Shetgovekar