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qc @@ A ;; @ Ac = = ? AB = ? cm qB = −> µc q A = += µc
"BBN @> CBN @? =BN @= "BN @"
qB DB qA
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q? = +B / K µc ?JCN @= "J>N @"
">N @> LN @?
q" = −= / C µc q= = +> µc
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q" q= @@ A ;; 2 / µ O )< PQ q"
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>B m = @> ?B m = @? =B m = @= "B m = @"
s s s s
A @@ LC Q ;; 2 3 A FT A (,N. 4,7 )< T *8 *: 3 1 q" = − q= = = µc ) N )* #C
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q= >cm >cm q" ? / >C × "BL @> = / ?B × "BL @?
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c
@@ A ;; 2 3 A FT q *8 *:
"J?IJ @> "JB=J @? BJIKJ @= BJ?>J @"
@@ A ;; 2 3 A FT 5, : !O 1 / "=C µc *8 *: =cm ,7 ( . [ \8 ( #L
B / " c = @> B / "C c = @? B / ? c = @= B/ C c @"
m m m m=
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I × "B− I J @> ? × "B− I J @?

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@@ LI Q ;; 2 3 (4 5 C= /3M ` N 1 /: =C ( /: T 8 Q (5b< 3 )3F. W ^H Q
"= µF @> I µF @? > µF @= ? µF @"
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> × "B−D F @= = × "B−D F @"
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#K> @? #>= @? #=" @= #"BJC @"
= µF "BµF 2/ : *3 O C µF Q 3Q- Z /: "B "BµF Q )3F. W ^H Q ) N )* #"?
? µF = × "B−= C @= "B−= C @"
= × "B− > C @> "B− > C @?
C µF