Technology Construction

UPPER FLOOR

3.1

Complex Construction for Upper

Floor Concrete that used for multi story building and industrial building.

Definition for upper floor A horizontal structure that support load and divide the space into more floor.

FUNCTION

Provide a flat surface. To support load. Sound, heat and fire insulator. As a divider Upper slab became the ceiling for the storey below.

Design requirement

Can bear the burden imposed onto it. Durable. Thick. Built with reinforcement.

3.1.1 Type of upper floor concrete

Pre-cast

concrete floor In-situ concrete floor

PRE-CAST CONCRETE FLOOR

a) Doesnt need formwork b) Better quality control c) Doesnt need many workers as in in-situ concrete construction d) Fast completion of construction project

There are many types of pre-cast concrete floor such as : a) Pre-cast

Hollow Floors

available in a variety of sections such as - box planks / beams - tee section - I beam sections - channel sections.

(Contd)

More economic compared to in-situ concrete floor Cheaper than composite floor Construction period is shorter

Pre-cast Hollow Slab

b) Composite Floors

combination of pre-cast units and in-situ concrete. pre-cast units are usually pre-stressed / reinforced with high yield bars as permanent formwork to the in-situ topping that provides strength required.

Composite Floors

Reinforced Concrete Slab / Floor

Two types:Flat Plate Slab Waffle Slab / Honeycomb Floors

Flat Plate Slab

Simple construction Flat plate construction can minimize storey height Have the simplest formwork Reduce building weight and effective area of wind loads

FLAT PLATE SLAB

WAFFLE SLAB

It requires less concrete and reinforcement Used to reduce the number of beams and columns. Moulds are very strong, lightweight & capable of supporting all the normal loads. skilled workers are needed & need less steel

WAFFLE SLAB