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I. Cu to ca tri t
Gm 3 lp chnh Mi lp c cu to v kch thc khc nhau (mass/volume). V - Lp ngoi cng mt thp Khong t c cu to t SiO Lp v rt mng v rt cng
Cu to gm 2 loi V lc a V i dng
Cu to ca tri t
MANTLE (lp phong ha) Lp mng gia Mt trung bnh Cu to t Si, O, Mg, Fe, Al Consistency is plastic. Gm 2 phn, Phong ha phn trn v di CORE (li) Lp trong cng Mt cao Cu to ch gm Fe v Ni Gm 2 phn Inner core l phn rn Outer core l phn lng
Lp (thch quyn - LITHOSPHERE ) gm lp v v phn phong ha pha trn quyt nh hnh dng a l C s thay i b mt tri t rt ln khi xut hin cc hin tng: ng t, ni la, ,
Thch quyn
Lithosphere l 1 lp mnh, nhng d v. Dy khong 100 km ca v tri t Dy hn khi trong lc a, nhng mng hn khi di b mt i dng. Lp yu hn, ASTHENOSPHERE , nm di lp thch quyn (weak layer).
Thch quyn
Asthenosphere l 1 phn ca lp phong ha pha trn. Asthenosphere l phn c nhit cao, mm, c tnh plastic. Lp ny yu, chy chm, cha hnh thnh dng rn Khong 100 to 350 km nm di b mt tri t.
Ph ln thch quyn l ATMOSPHERE. Phng ra cc kh trong qu trnh ni la hot ng v trong qu trnh quang hp ca cy
Kh thot ra t ni la cng gip to thnh nc trong cc vng ca i dng => S pht trin c bn ca Thy quyn - HYDROSPHERE Thch quyn, kh quyn v thy quyn cng nhau to thnh sinh quyn BIOSPHERE.
Pyrite FeS2
Diamond C
Beryl Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Igneous Rocks
- Cooled and solidified from MOLTEN material. - Formed either at or beneath the Earths surface. - MELTING of pre-existing rocks required.
Granite
Basaltic Lava
Sedimentary Rocks
- Pre-existing rocks are weathered and broken down into fragments that accumulate and are then compacted or cemented together. - Also forms from chemical precipitates or organisms.
Metamorphic Rocks
- Form when pre-existing Earth materials are subjected to heat, pressure and/or chemical reactions and change the mineralogy, chemical composition and/or structure of the material.
Gneiss
Coal
Slate
Any rock type can become any other rock type given time and processes acting on them. These changes are reflected in the ROCK CYCLE.
II. Ha hc ca t
Cc cht v c
Nc & kh trong t
Cht hu c trong t
Cc cht v c
t st
D<2mm t silicat kp nhm v st hydrat ha l sp qtrinh phong ha, cc ht ny c kh nng solvat ha (gi nc, ko cho nc thm qua)
t tht
D=2-5mm; to thnh t silicat calci, silicat nhm v calci carbonat
t ct
D=50-200mm; t c mu sng, thm nc tt, hp th km, thnh phn chnh l SiO2
Nc v kh trong t
t mn
D<0.2mm
t va
D=0.2-10mm;
t xp
D>10mm;
Vai tr
-Thc n cho vi khun -Q tchat vt l ca t -Tham gia vo qt phong ha cht v.c -Cht humic to phc vi cc kloai nng gi li trong t
Cht hu c to mn
Cc cht ny l sn phm trung gian ca qt khong ha, ah nhiu n tnh cht ca t: kh nng ht nc, trao i ion
Cht hu c ko to mn
HC, protein, aminoacid. Cc cht ny b vi khun phn hy nhanh, tui th trong t ngn
Cc nguyn t a lng
C,H,O,N,P,S,K,Ca,M g
T cng nghip
-CN luyn khong -CN SX nng lng
Nng nghip
Thuc tr su, dit c, phn bn thm vo nc v khng kh.
Sinh hot
Cht thi rn
T cng nghip
-CN luyn khong -CN SX nng lng
Nng nghip
Thuc tr su, dit c, phn bn thm vo nc v khng kh.
Sinh hot
Cht thi rn