224

ONOMAT
,

.
1898
( ). IUPAC (
,
).

: () .

.

.
, :
1C
2C
3C
4C
5C
7C
.
:
--
C

-- C
-- C
-- C

III. To
.

225

4
3
2
CH3
CH2
CH

4
CH2

1
CH3

2
CH2

3
CH

1
COOH

OH
2-
(2---)

3-
(3--- )

( ). ..

HO

3
CH2

2
CH2

1
COOH

6
CH3

5
CH

4
CH2

3
CH2

Cl
3-

2
CH

1
CH3

OH
5--2-

.
. ..

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

3
CH
4

CH2

2
CH2

1
COOH

OH

3--4-
,
. ..

226

. ( )

COOH

- ,-

-
-

CO

OR

CO

-
-

-,
-

CO

NH2

-,--

-,-

-,-
-

-,-

-,-

N
H

-,-

O
OH

SH

-,
-

NH2

NH

-,-,-

OR

SR

F,
Br,

NO2

NO

N3

N2

--

Cl,
I

--

227

COOH

,
, (
). ..

1
CH2

3
CH3

2
C
Cl

2-
IV.
1)

( ).
2)
.
3) .

1 -COOH, -CO
-CN, 1 .

. ..
5

CH3

CH

CH2

CH3

CH3

CH

CH2

CH2

CHO

NO2

NH2

4--2-

4-

. ..
1

CH3

CH

CH2

CH

CH2

CH3

CH3

CH3

2,4-

228

.
..
1
CH3

CH

CH

CH2

CH2

CH

CH2

CH

CH3

CH3

CH3

C2H5

CH3

6--2,3,8-
(-C=C- -CC-)

. ..
1

CH3

CH

CH

CH2

CH3

2-
,

. ..
5
1
CH2

4
2
CH

3
3
CH

2
4
CH

1
5
CH3

1,3- 2,4-
,
. ..
1
CH2

2
CH

3
CH2

4
CH2

5
C

6
CH

1--5-

. ..

229

NH2

COOH

Cl

NO2

OH

OH

4--2-

3--4-

- (), - () - ()
:

- 1

3
4

- -

-
CHO

CHO

CHO

Cl
Cl
Cl
--
2-

--
3-

--
4-

.
. ..

230

HO

CH2

CH

COOH
2

CH2

CH

CH3

CH3
2-(1-)-3-

OH
2

3
4

CH2

CH2

COOCH3

6
5

Br
3-(5--2-)

CH3CHCH3

CH3CCH2CH2CH2COCH3

CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH3
CH3

5-

3--2,5-

OH
O

COOH

CH3CHCH2CH2NH2
CH3
4--2-

2--4-

231

CH3

CH3

ClCCH2CH2CH2CHCOOH
2--5-

O
2

CH3CH2CH2 CH C OH

OHC CH CH2CH2COCH3
4--5--

CN
CH3

CHO

3--2-

CH3
3--2--

CH2CH2CN
H3C
CH3

H3C

H2NCH2CHCHCH3

OH

3-(3--2-)

CH2 Br

4--3--2-

CH3
Br

()

2-

232

CH3

CO

CH2

Cl

NH

CH3

--

COOH

CH2

HCOO

CO

CH2

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH

CH

SH

CH3

CH

CH

3--2-

CH

COOH

CH3

CH

CH2

SH

OH
4-o-2-

CH3

CH

CH

CH3

2--3-

CH2

CH2 OH

CH2

CH

CH

4--3--1-

CH3

CH

CH

CH

CH

2--3-

CH

NH2

OH

5--2--3-

CH2

CH

CH2

CH2

CH3

O CH

CH2

CH
CH2

4--1-

2-

COOH
OH

2--4-