Preliminary environmental information report

Volume 1: Introduction

Regulations 2 and 10 of the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009

Thames Tunnel

Phase two consultation documentation

General
Your guide to phase two consultation Why does London need the Thames Tunnel? Feedback form Equalities form Customer overview leaflet

Technical documents
Air management plan Book of plans Code of construction practice Part A: General requirements Consultation strategy and statement of community consultation Design development report Draft waste strategy Interim engagement report Needs Report Phase two scheme development report Preliminary environmental information report Report on phase one consultation Background technical paper Site selection methodology paper

Project information papers

Build Changes Consultation Design Environment Funding Managing construction Odour Options Overflow Regulatory framework Route and tunnel alignment Route to consent Settlement Site selection Timing Transport

Site information papers

Abbey Mills Pumping Station Acton Storm Tanks Albert Embankment Foreshore Barn Elms Beckton Sewage Treatment Works Bekesbourne Street Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore Carnwarth Road Riverside Chambers Wharf Chelsea Embankment Foreshore Cremorne Wharf Depot Deptford Chrurch Street Dormay Street Earl Pumping Station Falconbrook Pumping Station Greenwich Pumping Station Hammersmith Pumping Station Heathwall Pumping Station Jews Row King Edward Memorial Park Forehore King Georges Park Kirtling Street Other works Putney Bridge Foreshore Shad Thames Pumping Station Victoria Embankment Foreshore

Thames Tunn

Thames Tunnel Preliminary environmental information report

List of contents Non technical summary Part A: Preliminary project information Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 Volume 5 Volume 6 Volume 7 Volume 8 Volume 9 Introduction (this document) Proposed development Alternatives Scoping Opinions and technical engagement Assessment methodology Project-wide assessment Acton Storm Tanks CSO interception and main tunnel reception site Hammersmith Pumping Station CSO interception site Barn Elms CSO interception site

Part B: Preliminary site information

Volume 10 Putney Bridge Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 11 Dormay Street CSO interception and connection tunnel sequential drive site Volume 12 King Georges Park CSO interception and connection tunnel reception site Volume 13 Carnwath Road Riverside main tunnel drive and reception, and connection tunnel reception site Volume 14 Falconbrook Pumping Station CSO interception site Volume 15 Cremorne Wharf Depot CSO interception site Volume 16 Chelsea Embankment Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 17 Kirtling Street main tunnel double drive site Volume 18 Heathwall Pumping Station CSO interception site Volume 19 Albert Embankment Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 20 Victoria Embankment Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 21 Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore CSO interception site Volume 22 Chambers Wharf main tunnel drive and reception and connection tunnel reception site Volume 23 King Edward Memorial Park CSO interception site Volume 24 Earl Pumping Station CSO interception site Volume 25 Deptford Church Street CSO interception site

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Volume 26 Greenwich Pumping Station CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site Volume 27 Abbey Mills Pumping Station main tunnel reception site Volume 28 Beckton Sewage Treatment Works site

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Thames Tunnel Preliminary environmental information report Volume 1: Introduction

List of contents
Page number

1 2

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 How to use this report ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Introduction .............................................................................................. 3 Report content and structure ................................................................... 3 Definition of terminology .......................................................................... 7 Accessing preliminary information on the project-wide assessment ........ 7 Accessing information on a section of tunnel........................................... 7 Accessing preliminary information on the specific project sites ............... 8 Accessing preliminary information on specific assessment topics ........... 8 Accessing preliminary information on other works................................... 9

3 4

Background .................................................................................................... 10 Statutory framework ...................................................................................... 11 4.1 4.2 Planning context .................................................................................... 11 Requirements relating to environmental impact assessment................. 12 Actions required to finalise the ES ......................................................... 15 Related reports ...................................................................................... 15

Environmental impact assessment update.................................................. 15 5.1 5.2

Glossary .................................................................................................................. 17 References .............................................................................................................. 32

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List of tables
Page number

Vol 1 Table 2.2.1 Report structure summary NTS and Part A ................................ 5 Vol 1 Table 2.2.2 Report structure summary Part B ............................................... 6 Vol 1 Table 2.7.1 Consistent topic sections for the site assessment volumes ........... 9 Vol 1 Table 4.2.1 Part 1, Schedule 4, 2009 EIA Regulations requirements............. 12

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List of abbreviations AADT ACE AM AOD APZ AQEG AQMA AQO ARS ASR ASSI ATC ATD AURN BAP BGS BMWP BOD BPIP BPM BS CABE CAMS CCI CCSS CCTV CDA CEMP CIRIA CLR CoCP CoPA CROW CSO Annual Average Daily Traffic Arts Culture and Entertainment Morning Above Ordnance Datum Archaeological Priority Zone Air Quality Expert Group Air Quality Management Area Air Quality Objective Artificial Recharge Scheme Aquifer Storage and Recovery Area of Special Scientific Interest Automated Traffic Counter Above Tunnel Datum (defined at ~100m AOD) Automatic Urban and Rural Network Biodiversity Action Plan British Geological Survey Biological Monitoring Working Party Biochemical Oxygen Demand Building Profile Input Programme Best Practicable Means British Standard Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy Community Conservation Index Community Consultation Strategy Closed Circuit Television Critical Drainage Area Construction Environment Management Programmes Construction Industry Research and Information Association Contaminated Land Report Code of Construction Practice Control of Pollution Act Countryside and Rights of Way Combined Sewer Overflow
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dB dB LAeq,T

Decibel a equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level having the same energy as a fluctuating sound over a specified time period T Department for Culture, Media and Sport Development Consent Order Department for Communities and Local Government Department for Culture media and Sport Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Department for Transport Development Management Plan Development Management Policies Document Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Dissolved Oxygen Development Plan Document Digital Terrain Mapping Environment Agency European Commission Ecological Impact Assessment Estimated Vibration Dose Value European Economic Area Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee English Heritage Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme English Nature Environment Protection Agency Earth Pressure Balance Earth Pressure Balance Machine Equality Impact Assessment Environmental Quality Standard Environmental Statement European Union Frequently Asked Questions Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Offensiveness, Receptor
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DCMS DCO DCLG DCMS Defra DfT DMP DMPD DMRB DO DPD DTM EA EC EcIA eVDV EEA EFRA EH EHO EIA EMEP EN EPA EPB EPBM EqIA EQS ES EU FAQ FIDOR

FRA GARDIT GI GiGL GIS GLA GLHER GQA GSHP GWB GWMU H2S ha HA HDV HEA HER HGV HIA HIAB HPA HQ HRA HTC HWR IEEM IEMA IMD IPC Iron Age JNCC kg km kVA

Flood Risk Assessment General Aquifer Research Development and Investigation Team Ground Investigation Greenspace Information for Greater London Geographical Information System Greater London Authority Greater London Historic Environment Record General Quality Assessment (EA water quality classification) Ground Source Heat Pump Groundwater Body: distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers Ground Water Management Unit Hydrogen sulphide hectares Highways Authority Heavy Duty Vehicle Historic Environmental Assessment Historic Environment Record Heavy Goods Vehicle Health Impact Assessment Hydrauliska Industri AB Company Health Protection Agency Headquarter Habitats Regulations Assessment Hammersmith Town Centre Hazardous Waste Regulations (2005) Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment Index of Multiple Deprivation Infrastructure Planning Commission 600 BC AD 43 Joint Nature Conservation Committee kilograms kilometre kilo watt amperes
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kW l/d l/s LA LAARC LAQM LAQN LB LBAP LDF LGV LHA LMB LNR loWR LSB LtB LTI LTT LUL LVMF m m AOD m ATD m/s MAGIC Mbgl MEICA Ml/d MoD MOL MOLA NE NESR NCR

kilowatt litres per day litres per second Local Authority London Archaeological Archive and Research Centre Local Air Quality Management London Air Quality Network London Borough Local Biodiversity Action Plan Local Development Framework Light Goods Vehicle Local Highway Authority Lambeth Mottled Beds Local Nature Reserve List of Wastes Regulations 2005 Lower Shelly Beds Laminated Beds London Tideway Improvements London Tideway Tunnels London Underground Limited London View Management Framework metre metres above Ordinance Datum (see AOD) metres above temporary datum, (see ATD) metres per second Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside Metres below ground level Mechanical Electrical Instrumentation Controls Automation Megalitres per day (million litres per day) Ministry of Defence Metropolitan Open Land Museum of London Archaeology Natural England North East Storm Relief National Cycle Route
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NGR NMR NNR NO2 NOx NPPF NPS NRMM NSIP NSRA NTS OCU Ofwat OS OUE PAH PCB PEI PEIR PEL PICP PIP PLA PM PM10 PPC PPE PPG PPS PPV PRoW PS pSPA PWS RAMS

National Grid Reference National Monuments Record National Nature Reserve Nitrogen dioxide Oxides of nitrogen National Planning Policy Framework National Policy Statement Non Road Mobile Machinery Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project National Small-bore Rifle Association Non Technical Summary Odour Control Unit The Water Services Regulations Authority Ordnance Survey European Odour Unit Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polychlorinated Biphenyl Preliminary Environmental Information Preliminary Environmental Information Report Probable Effect Levels Pollution Incident Control Plan Project Information Paper Port of London Authority Afternoon Particles on the order of ~10 micrometers or less Pollution Prevention and Control Personal Protective Equipment Pollution Prevention Guidance Planning Policy Statement Peak Particle Velocity Public Rights of Way Pumping Station Potential Special Protected Area Public Water Supply Risk Assessment Method Statement
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RAMSAR RB RBKC RBMP RDB RHS RPG RSPB RDB RTC RTD SA SAC SAM SCI SCL SFRA SI SINC SMI SNCI SO2 SoCC SPA SPD S-P-R SPZ SR SRN SSR SSSI STW SUDS SWMP

The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Royal Borough Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea River Basin Management Plans Red Data Book Royal Horticultural Society Regional Planning Guidance Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Red data book Real Time Control River Terrace Deposits Sustainability Appraisal Special Area of Conservation Scheduled Ancient Monument. More commonly referred to as Scheduled Monument Statement of Community Involvement Sprayed Concrete Lining Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Statutory Instrument Site of Importance for Nature Conservation Site of Metropolitan Importance Site Nature Conservation Importance Sulphur dioxide Statement of Community Consultation Special Protection Area Supplementary Planning Document Source-pathway-receptor Source Protection Zone Storm Relief Strategic Road Network Site Suitability Report Site of Special Scientific Interest Sewage Treatment Works Sustainable (Urban) Drainage Systems waste - Site Waste Management Plan
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SWMP t TA TAS TBC TBM TDP TEBP TEL TfL TFRM TH TLRN Tpa TPO TT TTQI TTSS TWU UDP UK UKHO UMB UPN UWWTD UWWTR UXO VDV VNEB OA WCA WEEE WFD WIA WRAP WSI

water Surface Water Management Plan tonne Transport Assessment Thames Archaeological Survey To be confirmed Tunnel Boring Machine Thames Discovery Programme Thames Estuary Benthic Programme Threshold Effect Levels Transport for London Tideway Fish Risk Model Tower Hamlets Transport for London Road Network tonnes per annum Tree Preservation Order Thames Tunnel Thames Tideway Quality Improvements Thames Tideway Strategic Study 2005 Thames Water Utilities Unitary Development Plan United Kingdom United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Upper Mottled Beds Upnor Formation Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations Unexploded Ordnance Vibration Dose Value Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Wildlife and Countryside Act Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive Water Framework Directive Water Industry Act 1991 Waste Resources Action Programme Written Scheme of Investigation
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WWT ZTV ZVI

Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Zone of Theoretical Visibility Zone of Visual Influence

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 1: Introduction

1
1.1.1

Introduction
This section provides introductory information on the Thames Tunnel project (the project), and this preliminary environmental information report (PEIR). Following this introduction: a. Section 2 provides information on how to use this report. b. Section 3 provides a summary of the background to the project. c. The purpose of the PEIR, and the statutory framework are described in Section 4.

d. An update on the environmental impact assessment is given in Section 5. 1.1.2 Thames Water intends that an application will be submitted to the Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC), or its successor, to construct and operate the Thames Tunnel, an underground wastewater storage and transfer tunnel (the project). The project includes a 25km long main tunnel which would be approximately 6.5m to 7.2m in internal diameter, constructed at a depth of between 30m and 65m (to the tunnel invert (the floor, or bottom, of the internal cross-section)beneath London, broadly following the path of the River Thames from west to east. It would run from Acton Storm Tanks in the west, to Abbey Mills Pumping Station in the east. The tunnel would capture untreated combined sewage and storm water that currently flows directly into the River Thames from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) along its route. The tunnel would then store the captured combined sewage from the CSOs and transport it for treatment at Beckton Sewage Treatment Works (STW), bringing long-term benefits for the environment and people using the River Thames. This is the project that has been assessed, and is the subject of phase two consultation. This document is the Preliminary Environmental Information Report for the Thames Tunnel project. It has been prepared as part of the preapplication process for the project. It provides preliminary environmental information on the anticipated development associated with the Thames Tunnel, including construction sites, tunnels, operational infrastructure, and other ancillary works. This report consists of two parts, and a non technical summary. Part A presents project information in six volumes, and Part B presents site information for each of the proposed 22 construction sites. Guidance on how to use this report, including further details on PEIR volume contents and terminology is set out in Section 0. Specialist topic inputs have been provided by the following: a. Air quality and odour: AECOM b. Ecology aquatic: URS Scott Wilson c. Ecology terrestrial: Arup/PBA

1.1.3

1.1.4 1.1.5

1.1.6

1.1.7

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 1: Introduction

d. Historic environment: Museum of London Archaeology e. Land quality: Mott MacDonald f. Noise and vibration: Arup/PBA g. Socio-economics: URS Scott Wilson h. Townscape and visual: Arup/PBA i. j. k. l. 1.1.8 Transport: Arup/PBA Water resources groundwater: URS Scott Wilson Water resources surface water: URS Scott Wilson Water resources flood risk: URS Scott Wilson.

The following related studies are not directly covered in this report. However, these other documents have informed this report where necessary: a. Energy: Atkins b. Sustainability: URS Scott Wilson c. Waste: SKM Enviros.

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 2: How to use this report

2 2.1
2.1.1

How to use this report Introduction

This Preliminary Environmental Information Report (PEIR) is one of several documents that are available as part of the Thames Tunnel project phase two consultation. The road map included as the first page of this document, and reproduced as a first page for every volume that makes up this document, highlights all documentation that is available during phase two consultation.

2.1.2

2.2
2.2.1

Report content and structure

This report contains the preliminary environmental information that has been compiled in relation to the project leading up to phase two consultation. It provides a snap shot in time during the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process to facilitate effective consultation. It provides information on the anticipated development associated with the Thames Tunnel project, including construction sites, tunnel components, operational infrastructure and other ancillary work sites. The plans illustrating the draft limit of land to be acquired or used (LLAU) were necessarily provided at a point in time for preliminary environmental assessment. The draft LLAU lines in other phase two consultation material (the Book of plans, and the site information papers) reflect latest design development. The permanent works plans were also necessarily provided at a point in time for preliminary environmental assessment, and the permanent works in other phase two consultation material (the Book of plans, and the site information papers) reflect latest design development. The design development that has taken place between the point in time for preliminary environmental assessment and finalisation of the Book of plans and site information papers does not have an effect on the assessment. Because the report is preliminary, including results of the EIA and design development up to a point in time, the assessment information is not final or complete. Where appropriate, the report indicates what further work is to be undertaken, including: a. topic specific data collection requirements b. topic-wide activities for the assessment of topic specific effects, including cumulative, in combination and compound effects, and project-wide effects c. activities for the detailing of topic specific mitigation and enhancement measures, including cumulative, in combination and compound effects, together with project-wide effects

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

d. activities for the identification and characterisation of topic specific residual effects and monitoring requirements, including cumulative, in combination, compound and project-wide effects.

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Volume 1: Introduction 2.2.6

Section 2: How to use this report

The environmental assessment process will continue following production of this PEIR, leading in due course to the production of an Environmental Statement (ES) which will be a complete report, and will be submitted as part of the application to the IPC. This report has been structured in such a way as to enable ease of use, whether the reader is considering the project as a whole, particular sites, or particular topics. There are three parts, as below, and summarised in Vol 1 Figure 2.2.1: a. Non technical summary b. Part A: Preliminary project information (Volumes 1 to 6) c. Part B: Preliminary site information (Volumes 7 to 28). Vol 1 Figure 2.2.1 Outline of PEIR general structure

2.2.7

2.2.8

2.2.9 2.2.10

The detailed structure of this report is summarised in the tables below. The remainder of this section is included to assist the reader in using this report.

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 2: How to use this report

Vol 1 Table 2.2.1 Report structure summary NTS and Part A

NTS Part A Volume 3: Alternatives Volume 4: Scoping Opinions and technical engagement Volume 5: Assessment methodology Volume 6: Project-wide assessment Introduction Ecology aquatic Historic environment Noise and vibration Socio-economics Historic environment Land quality Noise and vibration Socio-economics Townscape and visual amenity Transport Water resources: groundwater surface water flood risk Transport (road and river transport) Water resources groundwater Water resources surface water Water resources flood risk
Preliminary environmental information report

Volume 1: Introduction

Introduction Strategic alternatives Tunnel routes Main tunnel construction sites and drive strategy CSO sites Technical engagement Scoping Opinions The scoping process

Introduction

Volume 2: Proposed development

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction General assessment approach Air quality and odour Ecology aquatic Ecology terrestrial

How to use this report

Need for the project

Background

Background documents

Statutory framework

Strategic planning context

Environmental impact assessment update

Project description, including: overview of the project, construction logistics, code of construction practice, operational logistics, and other works

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 4: Air quality and odour Section 5: Ecology aquatic

Volume 7 Volume 8 Volume 9 Volume 10 Volume 11 Volume 12

Acton Storm Tanks Hammersmith PS Barn Elms Putney Bridge Dormay Street King Georges Park PS Carnwath Road Riverside Falconbrook PS Cremorne Wharf Depot Chelsea Embankment FS Kirtling Street Heathwall PS Albert Embankment FS Victoria Embankment FS Blackfriars Bridge FS Chambers Wharf King Edward Memorial Park FS Earl PS Deptford Church Street Greenwich Abbey Mills PS Beckton STW

Section 6: Ecology terrestrial

Section 7: Historic environment Section 8; Land quality

Volume 13 Volume 14 Volume 15 Volume 16 Volume 17 Volume 18 Volume 19 Volume 20 Volume 21 Volume 22 Volume 23

Section 2; Site context

Section 1: Introduction

Section 3: Proposed development

Vol 1 Table 2.2.2 Report structure summary Part B

Introduction Proposed development Assessment methodology (including assessment assumptions and limitations) Baseline conditions Construction assessment Operational assessment Approach to mitigation Assessment summary Assessment completion

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Section 9: Noise and vibration Section 10: Socioeconomics Section 11: Townscape and visual Section 12: Transport

Part B

Section 13: Water resources groundwater Section 14: Water resources surface water

Volume 24 Volume 25 Volume 26 Volume 27 Volume 28

Section 2: How to use this report

Section 15: Water resources flood risk

Volume 1: Introduction

Section 2: How to use this report

2.3
2.3.1

Definition of terminology
To assist the reader consistent terminology is used wherever possible in this PEIR, and the definition of the assessment terminology is provided in Volume 5 Section 2. Abbreviations used in this report are listed at the beginning of each volume, together with a glossary of terms.

2.4

Accessing preliminary information on the project-wide assessment Overview of project-wide information provided in Volumes 1 to 5

2.4.1

Project-wide overview information is provided in Volumes 1 to 5. In particular this includes a description of the project-wide proposed development in Volume 2, and the alternatives assessed in reaching the preferred scheme for phase two consultation (Volume 3). Information on Scoping Opinions and technical engagement is provided in Volume 4, and the assessment methodology is presented in Volume 5. This information is available if the reader wishes to access more information on the project-wide context and approach.

2.4.2

Project-wide assessment information in Volume 6

2.4.3 To access and review the preliminary environmental information for the project-wide assessment the reader should refer to the project-wide assessment information provided in Volume 6. The information collated to date has focused on the 22 preferred construction sites that are the subject of phase two consultation. Consideration of the project-wide effects to date is described, although the preliminary project-wide assessments for some topics are more advanced than others. The complete project-wide environmental assessment information will be provided in the Environmental Statement (ES).

2.4.4

2.5
2.5.1

Accessing information on a section of tunnel

To access and review the preliminary environmental information for a particular section of the main tunnel, or connection tunnels, the reader should refer to the project-wide assessment information provided in Volume 6. The sections on noise and vibration, and groundwater are particularly relevant to sections of tunnel. The information collated to date has focused on the 22 main construction sites. The tunnel section considerations to date are described, although the preliminary project-wide (tunnel sections) assessments for some topics are more advanced than others. The complete project-wide environmental assessment information, including tunnel sections, will be provided in the Environmental Statement (ES). Project-wide overview information is provided in Volumes 1 to 5. In particular this includes a description of the tunnel sections in Volume 2. This is available if the reader wishes to access more information on the proposed development of the main and connection tunnels.

2.5.2

2.5.3

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 2: How to use this report

2.6
2.6.1

Accessing preliminary information on the specific project sites

To access and review the information for a particular site the reader should first refer to the overview information provided in Volumes 1 to 5 (Volume 5 provides general information on the assessment process as well as topic specific methodologies), followed by the site specific assessments included in Volumes 7 to 28. As an example, to access and review the information associated with the construction and operational site at Barn Elms, the reader should refer to the: a. general project information provided in Volumes 1 to 5, as required b. information for the Barn Elms site that is presented in Volume 9.

2.6.2

2.6.3

To access tunnel components information related to Barn Elms the reader should refer to the details on the main tunnel and connection tunnels provided in Volume 2, Section 5.

2.7
2.7.1

Accessing preliminary information on specific assessment topics

To access and review the information for particular assessment topics the reader should first refer to the information provided in Volumes 1 to 5, and then the preliminary project-wide assessment topic information provided in Volume 6. The reader should then refer to the topic by topic preliminary assessment information for specific sites provided in Volumes 7 to 28. For example, to access and review the results associated with water resources surface water information, the reader should refer to: a. Volumes 1 to 4 for introductory information regarding the proposed development, if required b. Volume 5 for information on the surface water assessment methodology c. Volume 6 for information on the surface water project-wide assessment

2.7.2

d. Volumes 7 to 28 surface water sections. To assist the reader, the environmental topic assessments at sites have been allocated section numbers that are consistent across all sites, eg, the water resources surface water section is always Section 14 (the list of consistent section numbers is provided in the table below.

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 2: How to use this report

Vol 1 Table 2.7.1 Consistent topic sections for the site assessment volumes Consistent section Assessment topic number in site assessment Volumes 7 to 28 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Air quality and odour Ecology - aquatic Ecology - terrestrial Historic environment Land quality Noise and vibration Socio-economics Townscape and visual Transport Water resources - groundwater Water resources surface water Water resources flood risk

2.8
2.8.1

Accessing preliminary information on other works

To access and review the information for the other works the reader should first refer to the overview information provided in Volumes 1 to 5, and specifically the project description on the other works information in Volume 2 Section 5. The information collated to date has focused on the 22 preferred construction sites that are the subject of phase two consultation. Whilst information on other work sites is provided in Volume 2 Section 5, together with information on the likely significant effects assessed to date, the full environmental assessment information for these sites will be provided in the ES.

2.8.2

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 3: Background

3
3.1.1

Background
European and United Kingdom (UK) legislation imposes a duty on the UK Government and the companies responsible for sewerage services concerning the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater. Thames Water has a general duty under the Water Industry Act 1991 to provide and maintain a system of public sewers and to make provision for effectually dealing with the contents of those sewers. Thames Water is required to develop the Thames Tunnel project to reduce and limit pollution from storm water overflows to the tidal River Thames (the Thames Tideway). The project is proposed to capture, store and transport for treatment the discharges from CSOs which have been identified by the Environment Agency (EA) as unsatisfactory. The project is necessary to enable compliance with the European Unions Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). It will also help achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) concerning surface water quality. Further more detailed information on the background to the project is presented in Volume 2, Section 3. A project needs report is also available as part of the phase two consultation. This document presents detailed information on the background to the project, and is available at: http://files.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/files/thamestunnel/1-100-RGPNC-00000-900007%20Needs%20Report.pdf

3.1.2

3.1.3 3.1.4

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 4: Statutory framework

4 4.1
4.1.1

Statutory framework Planning context

The project is not presently designated as a Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project' (NSIP) to which the Planning Act 2008 (the 2008 Act) applies. However, on 7 September 2010, and again on 16 November 2010, the Secretary of State for the Environment announced an intention to bring the project within the ambit of that Act. On 13 July 2011 the Government began consultation on a draft order under Section 14(3) of the Planning Act 2008. The effect of that order, if made, would be to designate the project an NSIP. The draft NPS for waste water was issued for consultation in November 2010. The IPC or its successor body is the decision-maker for applications where an NPS has been designated. Under s104(3) of the 2008 Act, an application must be decided in accordance with any relevant NPS unless an exception applies, eg, where the decision results in the breach of international obligations or where the adverse effects of a proposal outweigh the benefits. Once designated, the waste water NPS will therefore be an important national planning policy document against which the project will be judged by the IPC (or Secretary of State). Even in its current draft form, the NPS is a material consideration for applications. The Localism Bill is currently before Parliament and this proposes some significant changes to the planning system. However if passed the Bill is unlikely to come into force until April 2012 and there is limited scope for this to impact on the ES. An application under the 2008 Act will be determined by the IPC. This report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations 1 (the 2009 EIA Regulations) and takes into account guidance and regulations relevant to both the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, including the The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011 (2011 EIA Regulations) and the Planning Act 2008 regimes (the guidance is provided where appropriate in Volume 5). A letter was sent to the IPC by Thames Water on 7 September 2010 notifying them of the intention to submit an application and an accompanying ES for the purposes of the Planning Act 2008, and the 2009 EIA Regulations. Regulation 10 of the 2009 EIA Regulations requires that the proposed Applicant must prepare a consultation statement under Section 47 of the Planning Act 2008 which must set out how information will be publicised and consulted on. A Community Consultation Strategy (CCS) 2 and a Statement of Community Consultation (SoCC) 3 have been prepared (September 2010), and updated for phase two consultation (Autumn, 2011) explaining that for phase two consultation, feedback will be requested on: a. the selected tunnel route and construction sites

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.1.5

4.1.6

4.1.7

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 4: Statutory framework

b. the preliminary environmental information c. proposals for avoiding, minimising and/or mitigating any adverse environmental effects

d. proposals for the permanent look and use of sites after construction. 4.1.8 4.1.9 This report supports the above requirements. The Thames Tideway is estuarine, and as such the requirements of the Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007 have also been considered where necessary.

4.2
4.2.1

Requirements relating to environmental impact assessment

Regulation 10 of the 2009 EIA Regulations requires that the consultation statement prepared under Section 47 (duty to consult local community) of the Planning Act 2008 must set out: a. whether the development for which the applicant proposes to make an application for the granting of development consent is EIA development b. if that development is EIA development, how the applicant intends to publicise and consult on the PEI.

4.2.2

Preliminary environmental information is defined in Regulation 2 as information referred to in Part 1 of Schedule 4 of the 2009 EIA Regulations which: a. has been compiled by the applicant b. is reasonably required to assess the environmental effects of the development (and associated development).

4.2.3

Part 1 of Schedule 4 of the 2009 EIA Regulations provides details of the information required for inclusion in the ES and is reproduced in Vol 1 Table 4.2.1. This also includes details of where the information requirements are addressed within this PEIR, and/or where views are sought from the public. Vol 1 Table 4.2.1 Part 1, Schedule 4, 2009 EIA Regulations requirements Para. 1 Requirements Description of the development, including in particular: a description of the physical characteristics of the whole development and the land-use requirements during the construction and operational phases. a description of the main characteristics of the production processes, for instance, nature and quantity of materials used. Location within PEIR Volume 2, Volume 6, and also Volumes 7 to 28 (for site specific assessments)

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Volume 1: Introduction Para. Requirements

Section 4: Statutory framework Location within PEIR

an estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues and emissions (water, air and soil pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat, radiation, etc) resulting from the operation of the proposed development. 2 An outline of the main alternatives studied by the applicant and an indication of the main reasons for the applicants choice, taking into account the environmental effects. Volume 3

A description of the aspects of the Volumes 6, 7 environment likely to be significantly affected to 28 by the development, including, in particular, population, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, including the architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the inter-relationship between the above factors. A description of the likely significant effects of Volumes 6, 7 the development on the environment, which to 28 should cover the direct effects and any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects of the development, resulting from the: existence of the development use of natural resources emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the elimination of waste and the description by the applicant of the forecasting methods used to assess the effects on the environment. A preliminary description of the initial measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and where possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment (and seeking input from the public on their views on mitigation). A non-technical summary of the information provided under paras. 1 to 5, above. Volumes 6, 7 to 28

A nontechnical summary is provided

An indication of any difficulties (technical Volumes 6, 7 deficiencies or lack of know-how) to 28 encountered by the applicant in compiling the

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Volume 1: Introduction Para. Requirements required information. 4.2.4

Section 4: Statutory framework Location within PEIR

For the purposes of this report the nature and significance of likely effects assessed to date have generally been considered for the construction (including demolition) and operational phases of the project. No combined construction and operational phase is envisaged during the project. Decommissioning of the project infrastructure is not anticipated given a design life of the infrastructure of 120 years. There are numerous other projects (currently operational, in construction or with the benefit of a planning consent, or which may be the subject of an application, or in a Development Plan) that could materially affect the results of the EIA. These other projects are currently being identified and this report includes information on the proposed approach to the assessment of cumulative effects and/or interactions with other known projects to be addressed in the ES.

4.2.5 4.2.6

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Section 5: Environmental impact assessment update

5 5.1
5.1.1

Environmental impact assessment update Actions required to finalise the ES

For some topics baseline data collection is ongoing, and the assessment of environmental effects, the approach to mitigation and the assessment conclusions are therefore incomplete. However, the EIA process is ongoing, and any gaps in the information provided to date will be addressed in the ES. Where necessary, information on the actions required to finalise the ES are provided in Volume 5, and the site assessment volumes (Volumes 7 to 28). The ES is scheduled for submission as part of the application. The phase two consultation is a further opportunity to comment on the available preliminary environmental information as part of the consultation process. The outcome of phase two consultation and the ongoing technical engagement with stakeholders will be accounted for where necessary within the ES.

5.1.2 5.1.3

5.1.4

5.2
5.2.1

Related reports
The following documents to be provided as part of the application are currently being drafted, and are particularly relevant to the ongoing EIA process: a. Energy Strategy: The Energy Strategy will define the approach taken to energy minimisation and any provision of renewable energy. The effects of any new infrastructure provided as part of this strategy will be assessed within the ES as appropriate b. Sustainability Statement: The Sustainability Statement will define the projects sustainability objectives and targets and report the progress achieved against these. The statement will integrate the relevant objectives defined within the Energy and Waste Strategies. The statement will inform chapters within the ES as necessary. c. Transport Assessment: The Transport Assessment is being scoped separately in discussion with local authority Highways Officers and Transport for London. It will include assessments of the impact of the project during construction on junctions, road and network capacity both locally and where necessary, in the pan London context. The Transport Assessment will inform the Transport chapters included within the ES, as well as the other chapters which are dependent on information such as traffic figures.

d. Waste Strategy: The Waste Strategy will include the Waste Options appraisal and a generic Site Waste Management Plan. The Waste Options Appraisal will identify a preferred list of management options and sites for the tunnel excavated material. The Waste Strategy will inform chapters within the ES as necessary. e. Health Impact Assessment (HIA): The HIA will identify all potential health impacts associated with the project, and focus on those impacts

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Volume 1: Introduction

Section 5: Environmental impact assessment update

with potentially important health outcomes. The HIA will quantify or describe those potentially important health impacts; and also provide recommendations on achieving beneficial health gains. f. Habitat Regulations Assessment (HRA) Screening Report: This will identify any European sites to which the Habitats Regulations (The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010) applies and any RAMSAR site or potential Special Protection Area (pSPA) which may be affected by the project. When considering aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the project during the EIA process consideration will be given to any designated sites in the vicinity.

g. Equality Impact Assessment (EqIA): The EqIA will present a clear definition of the projects approach to equality, and its aims; collecting evidence and engaging with the public where necessary. Information will be provided on whether or not there are any differential impacts on equality, at what level and, if necessary, what options are available to address any adverse impact. The EqIA will also identify options for measuring outcomes stating how the project will be monitoring and evaluating activities and outcomes to ensure that the project will achieve the expected equality outcomes. h. Tree survey information: tree surveys are being undertaken, and they will inform the design/mitigation process. They will be presented within the application documentation. 5.2.2 Many of these related draft reports will provide useful information for the design development and the EIA process. Where available preliminary information associated with the preparation of these draft documents has been included in this report. Likewise, where relevant, information provided in this report has also been utilised as part of the related draft documentation development. A Guide to phase two consultation materials is available as part of the phase two consultation process.

5.2.3

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Volume 1: Introduction:

Glossary

Glossary
Term A-weighted sound Description A-weighted decibels, abbreviated dBA, or dBa, or dB(a), are an expression of the relative loudness of sounds in air as perceived by the human ear. Ground elevation is measured relative to the mean sea level at Newlyn in Cornwall, referred to as Ordnance Datum (OD), such that heights are reported in metres above or below OD. Removal of water from a source of supply (surface or groundwater). Areas where the local authority determines the national air quality objectives are not likely to be achieved by the relevant deadlines. People, property or designated sites for nature conservation that may be at risk from exposure to air pollutants that could potentially arise as a result of the proposed development/project. Sediment laid down by a river. Can range from sands and gravels deposited by fast flowing water and clays that settle out of suspension during overbank flooding. Other deposits found on a valley floor are usually included in the term alluvium (eg, peat). The average (mean) of the hourly pollutant concentrations measured or predicted for a one year period. Originating as a result of human activities. A hydrogeological unit which, that allows groundwater movement at negligible rates, even though porous and capable of storing water. Groundwater movement insufficient to allow appreciable supply to a borehole or spring. Aquicludes tend to act as an impermeable barrier. A permeable geological stratum or formation that is capable of both storing and transmitting water in significant amounts.

Above Ordinance Datum abstraction Air Quality Management Area air quality sensitive receptors

alluvium

Annual Mean Concentration anthropogenic aquiclude

aquifer

Archaeological Priority Areas of archaeological priority, significance, potential or Area/Zone other title, often designated by the local authority. background concentration Basal Sands base case The contribution to the total measured or predicted concentration of a pollutant that does not originate directly from local sources of emissions. The Upnor Beds (the lower unit of the Lambeth Group) and the Thanet Sands. The base case for the assessment is a future case, without the project, in a particular assessment year.

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term baseflow baseline benthic invertebrates Bentonite Description

Glossary

The component of river flow derived from groundwater sources rather than surface run-off. The existing conditions against which the likely significant effects due to a proposed development are assessed. Invertebrates which are found within or on the river bed. An absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, in general, impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. Mixed with water, it forms a slurry commonly used as drilling fluid and ground support in tunnelling. A hole drilled into the ground for geological investigation or for the exploitation of geological deposits or groundwater. An abstraction borehole is a well sunk into an aquifer from which water will be pumped. Wind-blown dust deposited under extremely cold, dry post glacial conditions suitable for making bricks. Produced by the BSI Group in order to set up standards of quality for goods and services. 2,000600 BC. Recording of historic buildings (by a competent archaeological organisation) is undertaken to document buildings, or parts of buildings, which may be lost as a result of demolition, alteration or neglect, amongst other reasons. Four levels of recording are defined by Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) and English Heritage. Level 1 (basic visual record); Level 2 (descriptive record), Level 3 (analytical record), and Level 4 (comprehensive analytical record). Also called a bund wall, bunding is a separated area within a structure designed to prevent inundation or breaches of various types. An area of stone, concrete or timber laid on the river / sea bed, that is exposed at low tide, allowing vessels to rest safely and securely in place. The area from which surface water and/or groundwater will collect and contribute to the flow of a specific river, abstraction or other specific discharge boundary. Can be prefixed by surface water or groundwater to indicate the specific nature of the catchment.

borehole

brickearth British Standard Bronze Age Building recording

bunding

campshed

catchment

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy (CAMS) Description

Glossary

The Environment Agencys strategy for water resources management in England and Wales through licensing water abstraction. CAMS is used to inform the public on water resources and licensing practice; provide a consistent approach to local water resources management; and help to balance the needs of water-users and the environment. A curve formed by a perfectly flexible, uniformly dense, and inextensible cable suspended from its endpoints. Whales, dolphins and porpoises. A soft white limestone (calcium carbonate) formed from the skeletal remains of sea creatures. Method for evaluating invertebrate communities based on species rarity, diversity and abundance. A temporary or permanent enclosure built across a body of water to allow the enclosed area to be pumped out creating a dry work environment. A sewer conveying waste water of domestic or industrial origin and rain water. A structure, or series of structures, designed to allow spillage of excess waste water from a combined sewer under high rainfall conditions. Flows may discharge by gravity or by pumping. A simplified representation or qualified description of the behaviour of the hydrogeological system. A quantitative conceptual model includes preliminary calculations and flow and mass balances. Conservation areas defined by Local Planning Authorities according to the provisions of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The area of site that would be used during the construction phase. The statutory plan which sets out a boroughs planning policies in relation to the management of development and land use. Supersedes the Unitary Development Plan in Boroughs where it has been adopted. A mobile crane, usually with caterpillar tracks. The flow from the existing CSO is diverted to the location of the drop shaft. The drop shaft location requires suitable access for construction and maintenance.

catenary Cetaceans Chalk Community Conservation Index. (CCI) cofferdam

combined sewer combined sewer overflow (CSO)

conceptual model

Conservation area

construction site Core Strategy

crawler crane CSO connection culvert

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term CSO connection tunnel Description

Glossary

The flow from the drop shaft is transferred to the Thames Tunnel through a connection tunnel. These vary in diameter from 2.2m to 5.0m Long connection tunnels can be up to 4,615m in length. The shaft connects the flow down to the Thames Tunnel. The shaft sizes depend on the amount of flow to be intercepted and the de-aeration requirements and the depth depends on the location of the Thames Tunnel. The size ranges from 6m to 25m and depth from 25 to 75m. Site where the flows from an existing CSO would be redirected to the main Thames Tunnel. An area of land or structures around a dwelling or other structure. Excavated material to be re-used within the development as fill or removed off-site. the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level having the same energy as a fluctuating sound over a specified time period T. An area within the shaft and/or associated pipe work, where air is removed from liquids. Logarithmic ratio used to relate sound pressure level to a standard reference level. Influencing or determining elements or factors. In London these refer to the borough Unitary Development Plans. A system used to locally lower groundwater levels around the worksite to provide stable working conditions when excavating. A diaphragm wall is a reinforced concrete retaining wall that is constructed in-situ. A deep trench is excavated and supported with bentonite slurry, and then reinforcing steel is inserted into the trench. Concrete is poured into the trench and only after this does excavation in front of the retained earth commence. The release of substances (eg, water, sewage, etc.) into surface waters, ground or sewer. A lowering of the water level in a borehole or aquifer, usually in response to abstraction. Legal standards set in Europe in the Drinking Water Directive 1998 together with UK national standards to maintain wholesomeness of potable water.

CSO drop shaft

CSO interception site curtilage cut dB LAeq,T

de-aeration chamber decibel (dB) determinands Development Plan dewatering wells

diaphragm wall

discharge drawdown Drinking Water Standards

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term early medieval effect effluent Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Description

Glossary

AD 410 1066. Also referred to as the Saxon period. The result of an impact on a particular resource or receptor. The treated wastewater discharged from the Sewage Treatment Works. An assessment of the likely significant effects that a proposed project may have on the environment, considering natural, social and economic aspects, prepared in accordance with the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The concentration of chemical pollutants assessed to have detrimental effects on water quality in terms of the health of aquatic plants and animals. EQS are established in the WFD (Annex V) through the testing of the toxicity of the substance on aquatic biology. A document to be prepared following an EIA which provides a systematic and objective account of the EIAs findings, prepared in accordance with the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. A limited programme of nonintrusive and/or intrusive fieldwork which determines the presence or absence of archaeological features, structures, deposits, artefacts or ecofacts within a specified area. A programme of controlled, intrusive fieldwork with defined research objectives which examines, records and interprets archaeological remains, retrieves artefacts, ecofacts and other remains within a specified area. The records made and objects gathered are studied and the results published in detail appropriate to the project design. A structural planar fracture or discontinuity within lithological strata due to strain or compression, in which significant displacement is observable. Factors that will determine the severity of an odour as defined by the Environment Agency; Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Offensiveness, Receptor. Material required to raise existing ground levels. This can utilise cut material generated within the site, or necessitate the importation of material. The location at which an item was found. A sewer conveying waste water of domestic and/or industrial origin, but little or no rain water. A breakage in a rock mass. Present at any scale, but is generally used for large scale discontinuities.

Environmental Quality Standards (EQS)

Environmental Statement (ES)

Evaluation (archaeological)

Excavation (archaeological)

fault

FIDOR

fill

findspot foul sewer fracture

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term GARDIT Description

Glossary

General Aquifer Research Development and Investigation Team (Thames Water, the Environment Agency and London Underground with the support of organisations such as the Corporation of London, Envirologic, the Association of British Insurers (ABI) and BT). The gradual increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere, believed to be due to the greenhouse effect, caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Benchmark national quality standard for parks and green spaces in the United Kingdom. Water contained in underground strata, predominantly in aquifers. Inundation of land or basements as groundwater levels rise and the groundwater discharges to the surface or underground structures. The rise in groundwater level that occurs after cessation of abstraction. Groundwater Body: distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers. A dark brown slightly glauconitic clay with localised fine sand. Temporary roads provided within the contractors site area to allow the transportation of material around the site. A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. Heritage assets are the valued components of the Historic environment. They include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing). Archaeological and built heritage database held and maintained by the County authority. Previously known as the Sites and Monuments Record. Designated residential area with streets designed to operate primarily as a space for social use. Generally hard nodular chalks with thin flaser marls. In parts, there are significant proportions of shell debris. Inter-bedded coloured marl and chalk succession characteristic of the Plenus Marls Member are found at its base. Above this, the Melbourn Rock Member is distinguishable by its lack of shell material.

global warming

Green Flag groundwater groundwater flooding

groundwater rebound GWB Harwich Formation haul roads heritage asset

Historic environment Record (HER) Homezone Holywell Nodular Chalk

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term hydraulic conductivity Description

Glossary

A constant of proportionality in Darcys law that allows the calculation of the rate of groundwater flow from the hydraulic gradient. For a unit hydraulic gradient, the higher the hydraulic conductivity the higher the rate of groundwater flow. In an aquifer this is the rate of change of groundwater level per unit distance in a given direction. Groundwater flows in the direction of the decline in hydraulic gradient. A graph showing a plot of water flow or level with time, applicable to both surface water and groundwater. A physical or measurable change to the environment attributable to the project. This structure is required to be built around the existing overflow either on land or at the discharge point in the foreshore. The chamber has a weir and valves to divert the flow in to the Thames Tunnel system. It is likely to be a reinforced concrete cut and cover box structure. In some other cases the structure is required to be built adjacent to an inlet or sump of a pump station from which the flow is diverted 600 BC AD 43. A caisson is a retaining, water-tight structure open to the air. A jack is used to push the caisson into the ground, with the internal area then excavated. Equivalent continuous sound level is a notional steady sound level which would cause the same A-weighted sound energy to be received as that due to the actual and possibly fluctuating sound over a period of time (T). It can also be used to relate periods of exposure and noise level. Thus, for example, a halving or doubling of the period of exposure is equivalent in sound energy to a decrease or increase of 3dB(A) in the sound level for the original period. The maximum sound level measured on the A- weighted scale occurring during an event. Complex sequence of highly variable inter-bedded sediments which include clay, sands, pebble beds and Shelly beds. Fine to coarse sand or clay with occasional black organic matter. AD 1066 1500. The Lee Tunnel comprises a 7.2m diameter storage and transfer tunnel from Abbey Mills Pumping Station to Beckton STW and the interception of the Abbey Mills CSO.

hydraulic gradient

hydrograph impact interception chamber

Iron Age jacked caission

LAeq(T)

LAmax Lambeth Group Laminated Beds later medieval Lee Tunnel

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term Lewes Nodular Chalk Description

Glossary

Hard to very hard nodular chalks and hardgrounds with interbedded soft to medium hard chalks and marls. More abundant softer chalks towards the top. Formal permit allowing the holder to engage in an activity (in the context of this report, usually abstraction), subject to conditions specified in the licence itself and the legislation under which it was issued. A structure of architectural and/or historical interest. These are included on the Secretary of State's list, which affords statutory protection. These are subdivided in to Grades I, II* and II (in descending importance). The general characteristics of a rock or sedimentary formation. Local areas where the local authority determines the national air quality objectives are not likely to be achieved by the relevant deadlines. Collection of planning documents prepared by the Local Planning Authority outlining the management of development and land use in a Borough. A structure of local architectural and/or historical interest. These are structures that are not included in the Secretary of States Listing but are considered by the local authority to have architectural and/or historical merit. An area specific plan to interpret and apply the strategy set out in the Structure Plan, to provide a detailed basis for the control of development, to provide a basis for co-ordinating new development and to bring planning issues before the public. Fine sandy silty clay to silty clay. The LTI comprise five separate improvement projects at Thames Waters five Tideway sewage treatment works (STWs): Mogden, Beckton, Crossness, Riverside and Long Reach. The LTT comprises two separate projects: the Lee Tunnel and the Thames Tunnel. Consisting of the Upnor Beds (the lowest unit of the Lambeth Group), the Thanet Sands and the Chalk. Artificial deposit. An archaeologist would differentiate between modern made ground, containing identifiably modern inclusion such as concrete (but not brick or tile), and undated made ground, which may potentially contain deposits of archaeological interest.

licence

listed building

lithology Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) Local Development Framework (LDF) locally listed building

Local Plan

London Clay London Tideway Improvements (LTI) London Tideway Tunnels (LTT) Lower aquifer made ground

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term main tunnel drive shaft site main tunnel reception shaft site Mesolithic mitigation measures Description

Glossary

Site that would be used to insert and then drive the TBM. Site that would be used to remove the TBM from the Thames Tunnel at the end of the drive. 12,000 4,000 BC. Actions proposed to prevent or reduce adverse effects arising from the whole or specific elements of the development. 4,000 2,000 BC. Non-nodular chalk, massively bedded, with fairly regularly developed marl seams and sporadic flints. A product of combustion processes. Nitrogen dioxide is associated with adverse effects on human health. A report which briefly describes the main points discussed in the Environmental Statement in a clear manner without the use of technical jargon and phraseology. This report is a requirement of the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The Water Services Regulations Authority, a government body set up in 1989 to regulate the activities of the water companies in England and Wales. Odour panel sampling carried out in laboratory conditions. Related to past environments, ie, during the prehistoric and later periods. Such remains can be of archaeological interest, and often consist of organic remains such as pollen and plant macro fossils which can be used to reconstruct the past environment. 700,00012,000 BC. A Middle Bronze Age axe. Solid particles or liquid droplets suspended or carried in the air and includes the same matter after it has deposited onto a surface. For the purposes of this assessment the term includes all size fractions of suspended matter, such as dust, PM10 and PM2.5. A structure containing carbon which absorbs odour from air flowing out of the Tunnel, without the assistance of mechanical pumping. Preliminary Environmental Information Report is a document setting out initial environmental information. In accordance with the Planning Act 2008, it is a requirement that this is the subject of pre-application consultation.

Neolithic New Pit Chalk nitrogen dioxide (and oxides NO2 and NO) Non-Technical Summary (NTS)

Ofwat

olfactometry Palaeo-environmental

Palaeolithic palstave particulate matter (PM)

passive filter chamber

PEIR

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term pelagic invertebrates perched water Description Invertebrates which are found in the water column.

Glossary

Is groundwater in an aquifer present above the regional water table, as a result of a (semi-)impermeable layer of rock or sediment above the main water table/aquifer, below the ground surface. The capacity of soil or porous rock to transmit water. A measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. A borehole designed specifically to allow the measurement of groundwater level. The level or head to which groundwater would rise in a piezometer if it is free to seek equilibrium with the atmosphere. Written procedures put in place for dealing with spillages and pollution. Containing void spaces. Most sedimentary rocks are porous to some extent, and the term is commonly applied in a relative sense, generally restricted to rocks which have significant effective porosity. Refers to Option 3 Abbey Mills route, which runs from Action Storm Tanks in west London to Limehouse then turns northeast to Abbey Mills Pumping Station, where it connects with the Lee Tunnel. Refers to the preferred route and construction sites. Sites assessed as most suitable following review of suitability of each shortlisted site by taking in to account engineering,planning, environment, property and community considerations. Preservation by recording and advancement of understanding of asset significance. This is a standard archaeological mitigation strategy where heritage assets remains are fully excavated and recorded archaeologically and the results published. For remains of lesser significance, preservation by record might comprise an archaeological watching brief. Archaeological mitigation strategy where nationally important (whether designated or not) heritage assets are conserved in situ for future generations, typically through modifications to design proposals to avoid damage or destruction of such remains.

permeability pH piezometer piezometric surface

Pollution Incident Control Plan porous

preferred route

preferred scheme preferred site

preservation by record

preservation in situ

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term Principal Aquifer Description

Glossary

A geological stratum that exhibits high inter-granular and/or fracture permeability. This strata has the ability to support water supply and/or river base flow on a strategic scale. Principal Aquifers equate in most cases to aquifers previously referred to as Major Aquifers. Term used to describe the supply of water provided by a water company. Putty chalk (clay characteristics) near the surface of the unit above firm to soft non-nodular chalk with flint (Upper Chalk undivided) above hard nodular chalk with flints (Lewes Chalk). An international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of wetlands. River Basin Management Plans these are the relevant plans that outline the state of water resources within a River Basin District relevant to the objectives of the WFD. The rarest and most threatened species are often listed in the Red Data Book of Insectsi, within which there are three categories. Taxa in danger of extinction are referred to as RDB 1 species; those considered to be vulnerable and likely to move into the endangered category are listed under RDB 2, whilst rare species occur on RDB 3. Section of river between two points. Extensive alluvial sand and gravel deposits laid down in a braided river system in river terraces since the Anglian glaciations. Where live data is used to manipulate control equipment in order to best manage the flow of storm water and sewage within the capacity of the system. People (both individually and communally) and the socioeconomic systems they support. Water that percolates downwards from the surface to replenish the water table. The red route is a network of roads designated by Transport for London that carry heavy volumes of traffic and are essential for the movement of traffic and public transport. These comprise mainly of major routes into and around London. Transport for London are responsible for enforcing the red routes which include clearways, parking and loading bays, bus lanes, yellow box junctions and banned turns.

Public Water Supply Putty Chalk

RAMSAR RBMP

RDB3

reach River Terrace Deposits real time control (RTC) receptors recharge Red route

Bratton, (1991) Red Data Book for Insects

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term risk assessment Description

Glossary

Assessment of the risks associated with an activity or object and possible accidents involving a source or practice. This includes assessment of consequence. AD 43 410. Scheduled Ancient Monument. More commonly referred to as Scheduled Monument. Entry of brackish or salt water into an aquifer, from the sea or estuary. This may be natural or induced by excessive or uncontrolled groundwater abstraction. The zone in which the voids in a rock or soil are filled with water at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. An ancient monument or archaeological deposits designated by the Secretary of State as a Scheduled Ancient Monument and protected under the Ancient Monuments Act. The formal view of the determining authority on the range of topics and issues to be considered by the Environmental Impact Assessment, as referred to in the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The document prepared by the applicant setting out the proposed approach to the Environmental Impact Assessment, including the range of topics and issues to be addressed, as referred to in the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The formal view of the determining authority on the need for an Environmental Impact Assessment to be undertaken, as referred to in the 2009 Infrastructure Planning EIA Regulations. The upper unit of the White Chalk, comprising of as firm to soft non-nodular Chalk with flint beds. Thin marl seams are found towards its base and and absent higher up. A hard ground marks the top of the Seaford Chalk. Alternate piles in-filled with concrete to form a water-tight retaining wall. Either permeable strata capable of supporting local supplies or low permeability strata with localised features such as fissures. The term Secondary Aquifer replaces the previously used name of Minor Aquifer. There are two classes of Secondary Aquifer. Secondary A are capable of supporting water supplies at a local rather than strategic scale and Secondary B are lower permeability layers which may store and yield limited amounts of groundwater due to localised features such as fissures, thin permeable horizons and weathering.

Roman SAM saline intrusion

saturated zone Scheduled Monument

Scoping Opinion

Scoping Report

Screening Opinion

Seaford Chalk

secant piles Secondary Aquifers

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term short listed sites SINC (Grade B) SINC (Grade L) SINC (Grade M) Site Description

Glossary

Sites idenitfied following an assessment of long list sites in accordance with the Site Selection Methodology. Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade II of Borough importance). Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade I of Local importance). Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Grade III of Metropolitan importance). For the purposes of the PEIR assessment, the site is deemed as the entire area located within the Limit of Land to be Acquired or Used. It should not be inferred that this entire site area will be physically separated (ie, hoarded or fenced) for the construction duration. An area given a statutory designation by English Nature or the Countryside Council for Wales because of its nature conservation value. Materials such as hard standing and vegetation including incidental topsoil (including potential contaminated soil). A record of sites of archaeological interest. An efficient method for constructing the tunnel lining with a layer of sprayed concrete. This is instead of using pre-cast concrete segments. Layers of rock, including unconsolidated materials such as sands and gravels. The study of stratified rocks, their nature, their occurrence, their relationship to each other and their classification. A colourless gas with a choking smell, the main product of the combustion of sulphur contained in fuels. Overarching term for recent generally unconsolidated or loosely consolidated deposits of sand, gravel, silt, clay, etc on top of bedrock. Synonymous with drift generally supersedes the term. This is a general term used to describe all water features such as rivers, streams, springs, ponds and lakes. Water that travels across the ground rather than seeping in to the soil.

Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) site strip Sites and Monuments Record sprayed concrete lining strata stratigraphy sulphur dioxide (SO2) superficial deposits

surface water surface water runoff

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term Thames Tunnel Description

Glossary

The Thames Tunnel comprises a full-length storage and transfer tunnel from Acton Storm Tanks to Beckton Sewage Treatment Works in East London and the interception of specific CSOs along the Thames Tideway with a diameter between 6.5m and 7.2m. Coarsening upward sequence of well sortedfine grained sand which has a higher clay / silt content towards the lower part of the sequence, and evidence of intense bioturbation removing bedding structures. The Thames Tunnel project. Length of river channel swept by water from a discharge point in one tidal cycle. In the case of the River Thames this is considered to 13km up and downstream of the discharge point. Tool developed on behalf of Thames Water to assess the effects of lapses in water quality caused by CSO discharges on Tideway fish populations. The formal assessment of traffic and transportation issues relating to the proposed development. The findings are usually presented in a report which accompanies the planning application. Partially or wholly remove. In archaeological terms remains may have been truncated by previous construction activity. A typical year relates to an actual year, eg, the corresponding meteorological dataset for that year used in the modelling which was 1979-80. The corresponding meteorological dataset is used as it would give a better indication of conditions rather than using a recent year of data where the meteorological data may not be consistent with a rainfall event leading to the tunnel emissions. An enclosed space below the ground surface where air is released to atmosphere, should the pressure within the Tunnel exceed a set value. The statutory plan which sets out a unitary authoritys planning policies. These are rocks which are generally unable to provide usable water supplies and are unlikely to have surface water and wetland ecosystems dependent upon them. Variably bioturbated fine- to medium-grained sand with glauconite, rounded flint pebbles and minor clay, with distinctive pebble beds and base and top.

Thanet Sands

The project tidal excursion

Tideway Fish Risk Model Transport Assessment (TA)

truncate typical year

underground pressure release chamber Unitary Development Plan (UDP) unproductive strata

Upnor Formation

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Volume 1: Introduction: Term Upper aquifer Upper Mottled Beds Upper Shelly Beds Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive valve chamber Description

Glossary

Comprising the water bearing strata above the London Clay, namely the River Terrace Deposits and the Alluvium. A bluish grey mottled with greenish brown clay. Contains shell fragments within a flinty gravel or a sandy clay The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (1991) has the overall aim of protecting the environment from the adverse effects of urban waste water discharges. An underground structure on the sewer system containing valves which are used to isolate the flow between different parts of the sewer system. For example, flap valves prevent the flow from the river travelling back up the sewer or into the tunnel. A stack through which air is released. An EC Directive seeking to improve water quality in rivers and groundwater in an integrated way (2000). An archaeological watching brief is a formal programme of observation and investigation conducted during any operation carried out for nonarchaeological reasons. Level below which the ground is saturated with water. The water table elevation may vary with recharge and groundwater abstraction. The WEEE Directive aims to reduce the amount of electrical and electronic equipment going to landfill and to encourage everyone to reuse, recycle and recover it. Chalk with flints, with discrete marl seams, nodular chalk, sponge-rich and flint seams throughout. Flint typology and marl seam incidence is important for correlation. Comprises of Seaford Chalk, Lewes Nodular Chalk, New Pit Chalk and Holywell Nodular Chalk.

ventilation column Water Framework Directive (WFD) watching brief (archaeological) water table

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) White Chalk subgroup

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Volume 1: Introduction:

References

References
1

SI 2009 No. 2263; The Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009, 1st October 2009
2

Thames Tunnel Community Consultation Strategy: http://files.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/files/thamestunnel/1-100-RG-PNC-00000000032%20AE%20September%202010.pdf

3

Thames Tunnel Statement of Community Consultation: http://files.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/files/thamestunnel/1ES%20SOCC%20Ad.pdf

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Preliminary environmental information report

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Phase two consultation (Autumn 2011)

For further information see our website: www.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk or call us on 0800 0721 086

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