2010

2010

25 :
f , R ,
f (x)

( 3t 2 + 2 ) d t = x , x R .

) N f 3 (x) + 2f (x) = x + 3 , x R .
) f f 1 .
) Cf ,
f xx yy.
) Cf , ( 1 , 0).

) x R :
f (x)

f (x)

(3t 2 + 2) dt = x t 3 + 2 t 1

= x f 3 (x) + 2f (x) 3 = x f 3 (x) + 2f (x) = x + 3 (1).

) f R , f 3 R ,
(1) :
3f 2 (x)f (x) + 2f (x) = 1 f (x) ( 3f 2 (x) + 2 ) = 1 f (x) =

f (x) =

1
3f (x) + 2
2

(2).

1
> 0 x R , f R ,
3f (x) + 2
2

1 1 , .

f (x) = y x = f 1 (y) x , y R , f ( R ) = R .
(1) y3 + 2y = f 1 (y) + 3 f 1 (y) = y3 + 2y 3 , y R .
1

f 1 : R R f (x) = x + 2x 3
3

25-36

(3).

42

2010

) 1 :
1

f (0) = 3 , f ( 3) = 0, ( 3 , 0) C f
xx.
1

f ( 1 ) = 0 , f (0) = 1, ( 0 , 1) C f
yy.
T C f xx yy :
0

( ) =

f ( x ) dx .

y = f (x) x = f (y) = y + 2y 3 dx = ( y 3 + 2y 3 ) d y = ( 3y 2 + 2 )d y.
1

x = 3 y = 0 x = 0 y = 1, :
0

( ) =

f (x ) dx =

3
1

y (3 y + 2 ) d y =
2

y (3 y

+ 2) d y =

3y 4
3
7
2
( 3y + 2 y ) d y =
+y =
+1 0 =
. .
4
4
0 4
3

2 :
C f xx yy ( 3,0) (0,1).
, : y = x (0, 3) (1, 0).
f (x) = x + 2x 3 = (x 1)( x + x + 3) , [ 0 , 1] f (x) 0.
1

C f C

f 1

: y = x :
1

x4

7
..
( ) = f ( x ) dx = ( x + 2x 3 ) d x =
+ x 2 3x = 1 +1 3 =
4

4
4

0
0
0
1

) 1 :

M ( x o , f (x o ) ) C f ,
:
( 2)

: y f (x o ) = f (x o )(x x o ) : y f (x o ) =

1
2

3 f (x o ) + 2

(x x o ) .

(1, 0) , :
1
3
0 f (x o ) =
( 1 x o ) 3f (x o ) + 2f (x o ) = x o + 1
2
3f (x o ) + 2
3

(1)

2f (x o ) + f (x o ) + 2f (x o ) = x o + 1 2f (x o ) + x o + 3 = x o + 1
3

f (x o ) = 1 f (x o ) = 1 .
(1) ( 1) 3 + 2 ( 1) = x o + 3 x o = 6 .

25-36

43

2010

C f M ( 6 , 1) :

: y ( 1) =

1
2

3( 1) + 2

( x ( 6) )

: y=

1
5

x+

1
5

2 :

(1, 0) : y = x (0 , 1).
C

f 1

xo , f (xo ) C

f 1

: y f (xo ) = (f
1

(3)

)(xo ) (x xo ) : y (xo3 + 2xo 3) = (3xo2 + 2)(x xo ) .

(0 , 1) , :
3

1 (x o + 2x o 3) = (3x o + 2)(0 x o ) x o 2x o + 2 = 3x o 2x o
3

2 x o = 2 x o = 1 x o = 1 .
x R

(f 1 )(x) = ( x 3 + 2x 3) = 3x 2 + 2
1

(4).

(3) (4) x o = 1 f ( 1) = 6
C

(f 1 )( 1) = 5 .

( 1 , 6) :

f 1

: y ( 6) = 5 ( x ( 1) ) : y = 5x 1.
: y = 5x 1 , : y = x ,
1
1
. x , y : x = 5y 1 : y = x + .
5
5

26 :
z x = ( x 2) ( e 2 x 2 + i 2 ) , 1 x 2
f (x ) = z x .

) N f (x ) = (2 x)e x , 1 x 2 .
) z .
) :
i ) f .

ii ) C

f 1

f 1 y = x

x o ( 1 , 2 ) .
e

iii ) I = f 1 (x) dx .
0

25-36

44

2010

e2x 2 + i 2 = x 2 e2x 2 + 2 = ( 2 x ) e x , 1 x 2 .

) z x = x 2

f (x ) = (2 x) e x , x [1 , 2 ] .
) x ( 1 , 2 ) :

f (x ) = [(2 x)e x ] = e x + (2 x)e x = (1 x)e x

f [ 1, 2 ] f (x) < 0 (1, 2) , f
[ 1, 2 ]. f x o = 1 .
z = e2 2 i 2 .
) i ) f [ 1, 2 ] 1 1 , .
ii ) C f : y = x , ,

C f C

.
f 1

C f : y = x,

f (x ) = x (2 x)e x x = 0 .
g (x ) = (2 x)e x x , x [ 1 , 2 ] .

g [1 , 2 ] , .
g (1)g (2) =(e 1)(2) < 0 .
Bolzano, g (x ) = 0
(1, 2).
x [ 1 , 2 ] :
g(x ) = [(2 x) e x x ] = e x + (2 x) e x 1 = (1 x) e x {
1 < 0 .
1
424
3
<0

g , .
e

iii ) I = f 1 (x) dx . f (x) = u x = f (u) , d x = f (u)du.

1

x = 0 u = f

x = e u = f

f : 11

(0) f (u ) = 0 f (u ) = f (2) u = 2.
f : 11

(e) f (u ) = e f (u ) = f (1) u = 1.

:
e

I = f 1 (x) d x = uf (u) du = uf (u) 2 f (u) du = f (1) 2f (2) +

1

(2 u) e du =
u

2
= e + (2u)(e )du = e + (2u) eu (2u)eu du = e e + eu du = eu = e e .
1
1

25-36

45

2010

27 :
z = + i :

z 1

e x e

z + i x2

1 , x R .

. z
(1 , 0 ) = 1 .
. z 2 + 3i .
. f ( 0 , 2 ) ,
f (x) + x = 2x f (x) 0 x ( 0 , 2 ) .
2

) C f .
) C f z .
) G (x) =

lnx

f (t)dt .
1

. g (x) = e

x R :

(e

z -1

e x e

z +i x 2

z -1

+1 e

e x e

z -1

z +i x 2

e x e

+1 , x R.

z +i x 2

+ 1 0 g(x) 0 g(x) g(0).

g x o = 0
. g R g(x) = 2 z+i x e

z +i x2

+e

z 1

e,

x o = 0. Fermat,
g(0) = 0 e

z 1

e=0e

z 1

= e z1 = 1.

z

(1 , 0 ) = 1 .

. z 2 + 3i

z ( 2 , 3 ) .
z 2 + 3i

min

= ( A) = ( ) R = 1 + 9 1 = 10 1 .

25-36

46

2010

. ) x ( 0 , 2 ) :

2f (x) f (x) + 2x = 2

2 ( f (x) ) + 2f (x)f (x) + 2 = 0 ( f (x) ) + f (x)f (x) + 1 = 0 (1).

2

C f x , f (x ) = 0 .

( f (x ) )

x = x (1)

+ 1= 0 ( f (x ) ) = 1 , .
2

C f .
) x ( 0 , 2 ) :
f (x) = y

f (x) + x = 2x y + x 2x = 0 y + x 2x + 1 = 1 ( x 1) + y = 1 (2).
2

f ( 0 , 2 ) ,
, (2) :

1 ( x 1) , x ( 0 , 2 )
2

f (x) =

f (x) =

1 ( x 1) , x ( 0 , 2 )
2

C f (1 , 0 ) = 1.

) f ( 0 , 2 ) h(x) = 1

(x) = l nx , R ( 0 , + ) . :
x Ah I A
x AG

h(x) , (x) f .
x R I ( 0 , + )
x ( 0 , + )
x ( 0 , + )

0
1 < x < e 2 . A G = ( 1 , e 2 ) .
2
0 < l nx < 2
e < x < e
(x) ( 0 , 2 )

28 :
2

z = x + yi , xy 0 z + i = z 3i .
) z
1
f (x) =
, x 0.
2x

) x R :

( f of ) (x) = x
M ( xo , f (xo ) )
i)

ii ) Im(i z ) ( f of ) (x) = 0 .

C f .

C f xx yy
.
f (x)

) G(x) =

25-36

47

1
t 1
2

dt .

2010

) :
2

)(

)(

z2 + i = z2 3i z2 + i = z2 3i z2 + i z i = z2 3i z + 3i
2

z z i z + i z + 1 = z z + 3i z 3i z + 9 4i z 4i z 8 = 0

i z z

z = x +i y

2 = 0 i ( 4x yi ) = 2 y =

) i ) :

Af o f = {x Af

/ f (x) A f } =

x0

1
2x

1
2x

, x 0. f (x) =

1
2x

, x 0.

=R .

x R :

( f of ) (x) = f ( f (x) ) =

1
2 f (x)

=
2

1
= x , x 0.
1
2x

ii ) x R :

iz = i ( x + yi ) = y + ix , m(iz) = x = ( f of ) (x).

Im (i z) ( fof ) (x) = x x = 0.

) C f f

M ( x o , f (x o )) :

: y f (x o ) = f (x o )(x x o ) y

1
2x o

1
2

2x o

(x x o ) .

( )

H xx yy A ( 2x , 0 ) , B 0 ,

1
.
x

:
1
1
1
1
E = 2x
= 2x
= 1 ..
2
x
2
x

) g(t) =

1
2

t 1

Ag = ( , 1) U (1 ,+ )

h(x) = 2 f (x) =

1
2x

, R R . :

x Ah I Af

x AG
h (x) , f (x) g.
x R
x R
x R I R
1

1
1 2x
0 < x < . A G = 0 ,
.
2
2
>
>
1
0
f (x) (1 , + )

2x
2x

( )

25-36

48

2010

29 :
F(x) =

t 2 e
e dt , > 0 .
t

) F .
) F F(x) =

e
x

e
x

2
x2

, x > 0.

) F(x) 0 x > 0 , :
i) =1

ii)

1
1

et dt e ln2 .

t2

) g(t) = e

e
t

Ag = ( , 0) U ( 0 ,+ )

h(x) = 1 (x) =

, R R . :

x Ah I A
x AF

h(x)
,
(x)

g.

x R
x R I R
x R

x ( 0 , + ) . A F = ( 0 , + ) .
x>0
>0
(x) ( 0 , + )
x

) F (x) =

T(x) =

g(t)dt , g.

x ( 0 , + ) :
2
2

x e x 2 x e e e x 2

= e
F(x) = e
, x > 0.
=

2
x 2 x
x

) x ( 0 , + ) F(x) 0 F(x) F() .

F x o = > 0
F Fermat, :
F() = 0

25-36

=0

e e

49

= 0 e = e = 1.

) = 1 F(x) =

1
x
1

2010

t2 e
e dt .
t

x > 0 F(x) 0 ,
F (2) 0

1
2

1
2
1

t2
e

dt 0

e dt e [lnt ] 12
t2

1
2

1
2
1

t2

e dt

1
2

1
e dt e ln ln1
2
t2

e
1
2

dt 0

1
2
1

t2

e dt

et dt e ln2

1
1
2

1
2
1

e
t

dt

et dt e ln2.

30 :
f (x) =

4x
2

x 1

, x 1

) :
) f .
) Cf .
) Cf , xx
x = 2 x = e .
) g() =

x 5x

x 1

dx

f (x)dx .

) g() = 6.
) ( 1 , 1)

f (x) xdx = 0 .

) ) x A f = R { 1 , 1} :
(4x)(x 1) (4x)(x 1)
2

f (x) =

(x 2 1) 2

4(x 1) (4x)(2x)
2

(x 2 1) 2

||
||

4(x + 1)

(x 2 1) 2

< 0.
+

||
||

:
f (x) < 0 ( , 1) , f ( , 1) .
f (x) < 0
f (x) < 0

( 1 , 1 ) ,
(1 , + ) ,

25-36

f
f

50

( 1 , 1) .
(1 , + ) .

2010

A f .
:
4x

lim f (x) = lim

x

x 1

x +

= lim

4x

= lim

4x

4x

lim f (x) = lim

x +

x 1

x +

= lim

= lim

x +

= 0.

= 0.

lim f (x) = lim

4x 1
4x
1
4x
=

lim
= 2 > 0 lim
= .

= , lim
x1 x+1
2
x1 x 1
x1 x+ 1

x 1 x1

lim+ f (x) = lim+

4x 1
4x
1
4x
=

=
+

lim
,
lim
2
0
lim
=
>
= + .

+
+
x1 x 1
x1 x+ 1
x2 1 x1+ x1 x+1

x1

x 1

x1

x1

lim f (x) = lim

4x 1
4x
1
4x
=

lim
,
lim
2
0
lim
=
>
= .

x 1 x + 1
x 1 x 1
x 2 1 x 1 x +1 x 1

lim+ f (x) = lim+

4x
1
4x
= lim+ 4x 1 = + , lim+
= 2 > 0 lim+
= + .
2
x 1 x + 1
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 x +1 x 1

x 1

x 1

x 1

x 1

f f (A) = ( , + ) .

) y =0 C f , lim f(x) = 0.
x

y = 0 C f + , lim f(x) = 0.
x+

x = 1 C f , lim f (x) = .
x1

x = 1 C f , lim f (x) = .
x 1

) f [ 2 , e] f (x) > 0 x [ 2 , e] ,
C f , xx x = 2 x = e, :
E=

e
2

f (x)dx =

e
2

4x
2

x 1

dx = 2

e
2

2x
2

x 1

dx = 2

= 2 ln x 1 = 2ln e 1 2ln3 = 2ln

2

e
2

1
2

x 1

e2 1
3

( x 2 1)dx =

..

) ) g :
g() =

x 5x

x 1

dx

4x
dx =
x2 1

x 5x

x 1

dx +

4x
dx =
x2 1

x 5x + 4x

x 1

dx =

x x

x 1

dx

x x

( , 1) U (1, 1) U (1, +) . 2 (1 , + )
2
x 1
g (1 , + ). g = (1 , + ).

25-36

51

2010

(1 , + ) :

g() =

x x

x 1

dx =

x (x 1 )
2

x 1

dx =

2
2
2
x2

2
4
x dx = =

=
.
2 2
2
2
2

g() = 6

= 6 4 = 12 = 16 = 4.

2
= 4 , = 4 (1 , + ).

4x x
( 1 , 1) .
x 2 1

) (x) = f (x) x =

, x ( 1 , 1) :

x 1 , 1
( x) =

(x)dx =

4( x)( x)
4x x
=
= ( x) .
2
( x) 1
x 2 1

(x)dx +

(x) dx = I 1 + I 2

x = u , dx = du . x = u = , x = 0 u = 0.

I1 =
=

(x) dx =

( u)du =

( u) ( du) =

(u)du =

( u)du =

(u)du = I 2

(x)dx = I 1 + I 2 = I 2 + I 2 = 0.

31 :
f : R R f (R) = R ,
f (x)

( e t + 1 ) d t = x 1 , x R .

) N ef ( x) + f (x) = x , x R .
) f f 1 .
) f .
) Cf
f , xx x = 1 x = 1 + e .
x 1
) N (x 1)f (x) < f (x) <
, x (1 , + ) .
2

25-36

52

2010

) x R :
f (x )

f (x )

( e t + 1 ) d t = x 1 e t + t = x 1

e f (x) + f (x) ( e + 0 ) = x 1 e f (x) + f (x) = x

(1).

) f R , ef (x) R ,

, (1) :

(ef (x) + f (x)) = ( x) ef (x) f (x) + f (x) = 1 (ef (x) + 1)f (x) = 1 f (x) =
f (x) =

f (x)

+1

f (x)

+1

(2).

> 0 x R , f R ,

1 1 , .

f (x) = y x = f 1 (y) x , y R , f ( R ) = R .
(1) e y + y = f 1 ( y) f 1 ( y) = e y + y , y R .
1

f 1 : R R f (x) = e + x

(3).

) f R , ef (x) R ,
1
,
R ,
f (x)
e +1

f R f (x) =

e f (x) f (x)

(e f (x) + 1) 2

< 0,

f R .
1

x = 0 (3) f (0) = 1 f (1) = 0

(4).

f R , :

x < 1 f (x) < f (1) f (x) < 0

x > 1 f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0 .
) f [1 , e + 1] f (x) 0 x [1 , e + 1] ,

Cf f ,
xx x = 1 x = 1 + e :

25-36

53

2010

1+ e

() =

f (x) dx . f (x) = u x = f (u) x = e + u , d x = (e + 1)du.

x = 1 1 = f

(u ) f

x = 1 + e 1 + e = f

(0) = f

(u ) f

(u ) u = 0.

(1) = f

(u ) u = 1.

:
1+ e

() =

f (x) d x = u (e +1) du = u e du + udu = u (e )du + udu =

u

1
u2
1
1
1 3
u 1
= u e (u)e du + = e e u du + = e e + = e (e 1) + = ..
0
0
2
2
2 2
2 0
0
0
u

) f [1 , x ] , ... ,
f (x) f (1) (4)
f (x)
(5).
f () =
x 1
x 1
f R , f R ,

(1, x ) , f () =

1 < < x f (1) > f () > f (x) f (x) < f () < f (1)

1
1
=
(7).
e +1 e +1 2
(5),(7)
f (x)
1 x >1
x 1
(6) f (x) <
.
< (x 1)f (x) < f (x) <
x 1 2
2

x = 1 (2) f (1) =

(6).

f (1)

(4)

32 :
f : [ 0 , + ) R f (0) = 1 ,

f 4 ( x ) + 3 f ( x ) = 0 f (x ) 0 x [ 0 , + ) .
) f .
) f (x) =

1
3

x+1

, x0.

) Cf
f ( 0 , f (0) ) .

) , Cf
f , xx , x = 7.

) 2f ( 2 ) < f (1) + f ( 2 ) 0 , .
2

25-36

54

2010

) x [ 0, + ) :
1
f (x) = f 4 (x) < 0 , f (x) 0 x [ 0, + ) , f
3
[ 0, + ) .
4
4
1
4
f (x) = f 3 (x)f (x) = f 3 (x) f 4 (x) = f 7 (x).
3
3
3
9
f [ 0, + ) f ( x ) 0 x [ 0, + ) , f

[ 0, + ) . f ( 0) = 1 > 0 , f ( x ) > 0 x [ 0, + ) .
f (x) > 0 x [ 0, + ) , f [ 0, + ) .

) x [ 0, + ) :

f 4 (x) + 3 f (x) = 0 3 f (x ) = f 4 (x ) 3f

3f

(x)f (x)dx = 1dx 3

f (0) = 1 , c = 1 ,

(x ) f (x ) = 1 ,

f (x)
1
= x+c 3
= x+c.
3
f (x)

1
1
= x +1 f 3 ( x ) =
f (x) =
f (x)
x +1
3

1
, x [ 0, + ) .
x +1

) Cf A ( 0,1) :
y f (0) = f (0) ( x 0 ) y 1 =

1
1
x y = x +1
3
3

(1).

1
) y = 0 (1) x +1 = 0 x = 3 . xx
3
( 3, 0) . T Cf
f , xx , x = 7 , :

25-36

55

E() =
0

2010

1
1
1

dx () = ( x + 1) 3 dx ()() =
2
x +1
0
7

1
+1
7
( x + 1) 3 1
3 3
3 3
3
2
1
3
x
1
=

=
+
= ( 4 1) = 3 ..
(
)

0 2 2
1
2
2
+1 2
3

) :

2 = 2 2 1 , 2 2 = 1 2 > 0 0 , .
2

f ...
2 , 2 2 , 1 , :

1 ( 2, ) , f ( 1 ) =
2

2 ( , 1 ) , f ( 2 ) =
2

f ( 2) f ( 2)
2 2

f (1) f ( 2 )
1 2

f ( 2) f ( 2)
12

f (1) f ( 2 )
1 2

f [ 0, + ) , f

[ 0, + ) .

1 < 2 f ( 1 ) < f ( 2 ) :
f ( 2 ) f ( 2 ) < f (1) f ( 2 ) 2f ( 2 ) < f (1) + f ( 2 ) .

33 :
f : R R , x R
2

f 3 (x) + f (x) = e 3x + e x (1) .

2

) f (x) = e x , x R .
) (x) =

1
e f (x) , x R
f (x)

.
1

1
0 f (x) dx + e 1 f (x)dx < e 1 .
2x

) h (x) =

f (t) dt
1

.
1
2

h(x)dx =
0

1 e
.
4

25-36

56

2010

) g(x) = x 3 + x , x R , (1) g ( f (x) ) = g(e x

) ( 2) .

g R g( x ) = 3x 2 + 1 > 0 x R . g
2

R , 1 1 . (2) f (x) = e x , x R .

) x R :
(x) =

2
2
2
2
1
e f (x) = e x e e x = e x e1 x , x R.
f (x)

R, (x) = e x 2x e1 x ( 2x ) = 2x e x + e1 x .
2

(
(x) > 0 2x ( e

(x) = 0 2x e x + e1 x
x2

+ e1 x

)=0 x =0.
)>0 x >0.

0
0

1e
.

:
( , 0 ] (x) < 0 ( , 0 ) ,
( , 0].

[ 0 , + ) (x) > 0 ( 0 , +) ,
[ 0 , + ) .

x = 0 , (0) = 1 e.
1

0
1

x2

(e
0

dx + e e

x2

x2

dx < e 1 e dx e1 x dx < e 1
0

x2

e1 x dx < e 1 (x) dx < e 1 .

2

[ 0 ,1] , x [ 0 ,1]
(0) (x) (1) . (0) = e0 e10 = 1 e (1) = e e0 = e 1, 1 e (x) e 1.
e 1 (x) e 1 (x) 0 , x [ 0 ,1] x = 1 .
1

[e 1 (x)] dx > 0 (e 1)dx (x)dx > 0 (e 1)dx > (x)dx

0

( x )d x < (e 1)d x ( x )d x < e 1.

25-36

57

2010

) x R :
2x

h (x) =

f (t)

2x

d t h (x) =

t2

e
1

2x

1
t

d t h (x) =

t2

dt .

R, 2x R

R, h R,
2x t 2
2
2
h (x) = e dt = e ( 2x) (2x) = 2 e 4 x .
1

) :
1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2
1 1
h(x)dx = (x) h(x) dx = [ xh(x)] 20 x h (x)dx = h x 2e 4x dx =
2 2 0
0
0
0

1
2

1
= 0
(e 4x2 )dx = 1 e 4x2 2 = 1 (e 1) = 1 e .
0
40
4
4
4

34 :
f : R R f (0) = 1, x R
:
f (x ) > 0

(1)

) f (x) =

ex
x2 + 1

(x 1)2 f(x)
dx = f (x) + c , c R
x2 + 1

(2).

, xR.

) f , .
) f
) x 2 ln ( x4 + 1) < 1 ln2 .

) x R

(x 1) 2 f (x)
dx = f (x) + c ,
x2 +1

f (x) x 2 2x + 1
f (x) x 2 + 1
2x
(x 1) 2 f (x) (1) f (x) ( x 1)
f (x) =

= 2

= 2
2

2
2
x +1
f (x)
x +1
f (x)
x +1
f (x) x + 1 x + 1
2

f (x)
2x (1)
= 1 2
( l nf (x) ) = ( x l n ( x 2 + 1) ) l nf (x) = x l n ( x 2 + 1) + c 1 .
f (x)
x +1

x = 0 l nf (0) = l n1 + c 1 c 1 = 0 .
x R :

l nf (x) = x l n ( x 2 + 1) l nf (x) = lne x ln ( x 2 + 1) l nf (x) = ln

25-36

58

ex
ex

=
.
f
(x)
x2 +1
x2 +1

2010

) x R :
f (x) =

e x ( x 2 + 1) 2xe x e x (x 1) 2
.
= 2
(x 2 + 1)2
(x + 1)2

f (x) = 0 x = 1 .

f (x) > 0 x ( ,1) U (1, + ) .

f .

1
0

f
f R f (x) > 0 x ( , 1) U (1 , + ) ,
f R .
) f R , :

f ( R ) = lim f (x) , lim f (x) .

x

x +

lim f (x) = lim

1
1
1

= lim 2 = 0.
= lim ex 2 = 0 , lim e x = 0 lim 2
x

x
x

x +1
x +1
x +1
x

lim f (x) = lim

x +

ex

x +

+
+

ex
x2 +1

lim

D.L.H . x +

( e x )

( x 2 + 1)

= lim

+
+

ex

x +

2x

lim

D.L.H. x +

ex
2

= + .

f f ( R ) = ( 0 , + ) .

) :
x 2 ln (x 4 + 1) < 1 ln2 x 2 < 1 ln2 + ln (x 4 + 1) x 2 < ln e ln2 + ln (x 4 + 1)

< ln

e (x 4 + 1)
2

x2

<

e (x 4 + 1)
2

ex

x +1
4

<

e
2

ex

<

(x ) + 1 2
2 2

f (x 2 ) < f (1) (3).

x 2 1 : x 2 > 1 , x 2 = 1 , x 2 < 1 .
x 2 > 1 f R ,
f (x 2 ) > f (1) (3). x2 =1,

f (x 2 ) = f (1) (3).
(3) x 2 < 1 . x 2 < 1 x < 1 1 < x < 1.

25-36

59

2010

35 :
f : [ , ] R
z x = f (x) + xi , x [ , ] > 0 .

) Re ( z ) = Im ( z ) Re( z ) = Im( z ) , Cf
f xx , x ( , ) .
x

f (x)dx = 1

f (x)dx = 3 , :

i) N Cf ,
f , xx x = x = .
ii) 1 , 2 ( , ) ,

3
1

= .
f( 2 ) f( 1 )

) z = f () + i z = f () i .

Re (z ) = Im ( z ) , f () = < 0 ,
Re ( z ) = Im ( z ) , f ( ) = > 0 , 0 < < .
f [ , ] f ()f () = < 0 .
Bolzano, x ( , ) ,
f [ , ] , f (x ) = 0 .
)

i) f [ , ] , :

o x x f (x) f (x ) , f (x) 0 x [ , x ] .
o x x f (x ) f (x) , f ( x ) 0 x [ x , ] .
C f ,
f , xx x = x = , :

E = f (x) dx =

25-36

( f (x) ) dx + f (x)dx = ( 1) + 3 = 4
60

..

2010

g(x) = f (t)dt , x [ , ] .

g [ , ] , f

(x)
=

[ ]
f (t)dt = f (x). g

... [ , x ] [ x , ] , 1 ( , x )

2 ( x , ) , :
g(x ) g()
g( 1 ) =
=
x

f (t)dt f (t)dt

g( ) g(x )
g ( 2 ) =
=
x

1 0
1
=
x x

f (t) d t f (t) d t f (t) d t + f (t) d t f (t) d t

=

: g( 1 ) =

1
1
1
f ( 1 ) =
x0 =
x0
x0
f ( 1 )

( 1)

g ( 2 ) =

3
3
3
f ( 2 ) =
x0 =
x0
x0
f ( 2 )

(2)

(1) (2)

3
.
x

3
1

=.
f ( 2 ) f ( 1 )

36 :

f : , R , f (0) = 0 f (0) = 1 ,
2 2

f (x) = 2f (x)f (x) , x , .
2 2

) f (x) = f 2 (x) + 1 , x

) g (x) =

0 1 + t

,
.
2 2

dt 1 1 R .

) h(x) = g (f (x)) g (x) ,

2 2
.

) f (x) = x , x

, .
2 2

) Cg ,
g , xx x = 0 x = 1 ,
l n2
.
g (1) = E +
2

25-36

61

2010

) x , :
2 2
( f (x) ) = ( f 2 (x) ) f (x) = f 2 (x) + c .

f (0) = f 2 (0) + c 1 = 0 + c c = 1 . f (x) = f 2 (x) + 1 , x , .
2 2
) g R ,

1
,
1+ t2

x 1

1
1
g(x) =
dt
. g(x) =
> 0 x R, g
=
2
2
1+ x2
0 1+ t
1+ x

R , g 1 1 .

) x , :
2 2

h ( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) f ( x ) g ( x )( x )
1
1
(1 + 2 x ) = 1 1 = 0.
1 + f 2 (x) )
(
2
1 + f (x)
1 + 2 x

h . h (x) = c1 , x , .
2 2
h (x) =

x = 0 h (0) = c1 g ( f (0) ) g ( 0 ) = c1 g(0) g(0) = c1 c1 = 0.

h(x) = 0 , x , .
2 2

) x , :
2 2
g :11

h(x) = 0 g (f (x)) g ( x ) = 0 g (f (x)) = g ( x ) f (x) = x .

) g [ 0 ,1] , x [ 0 ,1]

g (0) g ( x ) g (1) , g ( x ) 0, x [ 0 , 1] .
Cg , g , xx
x = 0 x = 1 , :
1

x
dx =
1+ x2
0

1
E = g(x )dx = (x ) g(x )dx = [ x g(x ) ] 0 x g (x )dx = g(1)
1

= g(1)

1
1 2x
1
1
ln2
.
dx = g(1) ln 1 + x 2 = g(1) ( ln2 ln1) = g(1)
2

0
2 0 1+ x
2
2
2

E = g (1)

ln2
2

, g(1) = E +

25-36

ln2
.
2

62