Tp bi ging mn hc cung cp in dng chung cho ngnh HT v cc ngnh in khc hoc cc ngnh khc c lin quan.

y ch l ti liu tm tt dng lm bi ging ca tc gi Trn Tn Li. Khi s dng cho cc i tng khc nhau tc gi s c nhng thm bt cho ph hp hn.

Chng X: Bo v r-le trong mng in x nghip. Chng XI: Ni t v chiu sng. Chng XII: Chiu sng cng nghip.
Chng I

Chng I

Nhng vn chung v HT-CC

1.1 Khi nim v h thng in:
Ngy nay khi ni n h thng nng lng, thng thng ngi ta thng hnh dung n l h thng in, tng t nh vy i lc ngng ta gi Khoa in l Khoa nng lng, khng phi l hin tng ngu nhin m n chnh l bn cht ca vn . L do l ch nng lng in c u th trong sn xut,khai thc v truyn ti, cho nn hu nh ton b nng lng ang khai thc c trong t nhin ngi ta u chuyn i n thnh in nng trc khi s dng n. T hnh thnh mt h thng in nhm tryun ti, phn phi v CC in nng n tng h s dng in. Mt s u im ca in nng: + D chuyn ho thnh cc dng nng lng khc (Quang, nhit, ho c nng). + D chuyn ti v truyn ti vi hiu sut kh cao. + Khng c sn trong t nhin, u c khai thc ri chuyn ho thnh in nng. ni s dng in nng li d dng chuyn thnh cc dng nng lng khc Ngy nay phn ln nng lng t nhin khc c khai thc ngay ti ch ri c i thnh in nng (VD NM nhit in thng c xy dng ti ni gn ngun than; NM th in gn ngun nc). cng chnh l l do xut hin h thng tryn ti, phn phi v cung cp in nng m chung ta thng gi l h thng in. nh ngha: H thng in bao gm cc khu sn xut ra in nng; khu tryn ti; phn phi v cung cp in nng n tn cc h dng in (xem HV.)

Bi m u:
Cc ti liu tham kho: 1. Gio trnh CC cho x nghip cng nghip B mn pht dn in xut bn 1978 (bn in roneo). 2. Gio trnh CC (tp 1 v 2) Nguyn Cng Hin v nhiu tc gi xut bn 1974,1984. 3. Thit k CC XNCN. B mn pht dn in (bn in roneo khoa TC ti bn). 4. Mt s vn v thit k v qui hoach mng in a phng ng Ngc Dinh v nhiu tc gi. 5. Gio trnh mng in B mn pht dn in. Mt s ti liu nc ngoi hoc dch: 1. Cung cp in cho x nghip cng nghip Tg: Fe--rov NXB-Nng lng 1972 2. Cung cp in cho x nghip cng nghip. Tg: Epmulov NXB-Nng lng 1976 3. Sch tra cu v cung cp in (tp I & II sch dch). Tg: Fe--rov NXB-Nng lng 1980. Gii thiu cc chng ca gio trnh: Chng I: Nhng vn chung v TH-CC. Chng II: Ph ti in. Chng III: C s so snh-kinh t k thut trong CC. Chng IV: S CC v trm bin p. Chng V: Tnh ton mng in trong x nghip. Chng VI: Xc nh tit din dy dn trong mng in. Chng VII: Tnh ton dng ngn mch. Chng VIII: La chn thit b in. Chng IX: B cng sut phn khng trong mng x nghip.

NL s cp

NM 1 kV 10

220 kV 35 kV

110 kV

10 kV

sn xut & tryn ti (pht dn in)

NM 2

im ny s xy dng nhng quyt nh hp l trong mc in kh ho i vi cacs ngnh kinh t Cc vng lnh th khc nhau Mc xy dng ngun in, mng li truyn ti, phn phi nhm p ng s pht trin cn i, trnh c nhng thit hi kinh t quc dn do phi hn ch nhu cu ca cc h dng in. Ni dung mn hc:

6; 10 kV

phn phi & cung cp in nng (CC) 0,4 kV

HV. 01 T cho thy lnh vc cung cp in c mt ngha hp hn nh ngha: H thng cung cp in ch bao gm cc khu phn phi; Tuyn ti & cung cp in nng n cc h tiu th in. Vi nt c trng ca nng lng in:

Nhm gii quyt cc vn k thut trong vic thit k h thng CC-XN ni chung v HT ni ring. Mt phng n CC c gi l hp l phi kt hp hi ho mt lot cc yu cu nh: Tnh kinh t (vn u t nh). tin cy (xc sut mt in nh). An ton v tin li cho vic vn hnh thit b. Phi am bo c cht lng in nng trong phm vi cho php (k thut). Nh vy li gii ti u khi thit k HT phi nhn c t quan im h thng, khng tch khi k hoch pht trin nng lng ca vng; Phi c phi hp ngay trong nhng vn c th nh Chn s ni dy ca li in, mc tn tht in p . Vic la chn PA CC phi kt hp vi vvic la chn v tr, cng sut ca nh my in hoc trm bin p khu vc. Phi quan tm n c im cng ngh ca x nghip, xem xt s pht trin ca x nghip trong k hoch tng th (xy dng, kin trc..). V vy cc d n v thit k CC-XN, thng c a ra ng thi vi cc d n v xy dng, kin trc, cp thot nc v.v v c duyt bi mt c quan trung tm. y c s phi cc mt trn quan im h thng v ti u tng th.

1-

2-

3-

Khc vi hu ht cc sn phm, in nng c sn xut ra, ni chung khng tch tr c (tr vi trng hp c bit vi cng sut nh nh pin, acqui..) Ti mi thi im lun lun phi m bo cn bng gia lng in nng sn xut ra v tiu th c k n tn tht trong khu truyn ti. iu ny cnd phi c qun trit trong khu thit k, qui hoch, vn hnh v iu h thng in, nhm gi vng cht lng in (u & f). Cc qu trnh v in xy ra rt nhanh. Chng hn sng in t lan tuyn trong dy dn vi tc rt ln xp s tc nh sng 30 000 000 km/s (qu trnh ngn mch, sng st lan truyn lan tuyn) ng ct ca cc thit b bo v.v u phi xy ra trong vng nh hn 1/10 giy cn thit thit k, hiu chnh cc thit b bo v. Cng nghip in lc c quan h cht ch n nhiu ngnh kinh t qquc dn (luyn kim, ho cht, khai thc m, c kh, cng nghip dt). l mt trong nhng ng lc tng nng sut lao ng to nn s pht trin nhp nhnh trong cu trc kinh t. Qun trit c

1.2 Phn loi h dng in x nghip:

Cc h dng in trong x nghip gm nhiu loi tu theo cch phn chia khc nhau (nhm mc ch m bo CC theo nhu cu ca tng loi h ph ti). a) Theo in p v tn s: cn c vo Udm v f * * * * * H H H H H dng dng dng dng dng in 3 pha Udm < 1000 V ; fdm = 50 Hz. in 3 pha Udm > 1000 V ; fdm = 50 Hz. in 1 pha Udm < 1000 V ; fdm = 50 Hz. in lm vic vi tn s 50 Hz. dng in mt chiu.

b) Theo ch lm vic: (ca cc h dng in).

Di hn: ph ti khng thay i hoc t thay i, lm vic di hn m nhit khng vt qu gi tr cho php (VD: Bm; qut gi, kh nn).

Ngn hn: thi gian lm vic khng di nhit TB t gi tr qui nh (VD cc ng c truyn ng c cu ph ca my ct gt kim loi, ng c dng m van ca TB thu lc). Ngn hn lp li: cc thi k lm vic ngn hn ca TB xen ln vi thi k ngh ngn hn c c trng bi t s gia thi gian ng in v thi gian ton chu trnh sn sut (VD my nng; TB hn).

Ch tiu k thut ca h thng CC c nh gi bng cht lng in nng cung cp, thng qua 3 ch tiu c bn U; f; tnh lin tc CC. *Tnh lin tucj CC: h thng CC phi m bo c vic CC lin tc theo yu cu ca ph ti (yu cu ca h loi I; II & III). Ch tiu ny thng c c th ho bng xc sut lm vic tin cy ca trn c s ny ngi ta phn cc h tiu th thnh 3 loi h m trong thit k cn phi qun triet c c PA CC hp l. * Tn s: lch tn s cho php c qui nh l 0,5 Hz. m bo tn s ca h thng in c n nh cng sut tiu th phi < cng sut ca HT. Vy x nghip ln khi ph ti gia tng thng phi t thm TB t ng ng thm my pht in d tr ca XN hoc TB bo v sa thi ph ti theo tn s. *in p: lch in p cho php so vi in p nh mc c qui nh nh sau: ( ch lm vic bnh thng). + Mng ng lc: + Mng chiu sng: [ U%] = 5 % Udm [ U%] = 2, 5 % Udm

c) Theo mc tin cy cung cp in: tu theo tm quan trng trong nn kinh t v x hi, cc h tiu th in c CC vi mc tin cy khc nhau v phn thnh 3 loi.

H loi I: L h m khi s c ngng CC s gy ra nhng thit hi ln v kinh t, e do n tnh mng con ngi, hoc nh hng c hi ln v chnh tr gy nhng thit hi do i lon qui trnh cng ngh. H loi I phi c CC t 2 ngun c lp tr ln. Xc sut ngng CC rt nh, thi gian ngng CC thng ch c php bng thi gian t ng ng thit b d tr (VD x nghip luyn kim, ho cht ln). H loi II: L h tuy c tm quan trng ln nhng khi ngng CC ch dn n thit hi v kinh t do h hng sn phm, ngng tr sn xut, lng ph loa ng v.v H loi II c CC t 1 hoc 2 ngun thi gian ngng CC cho php bng thi gian ng TB d tr bng tay (XN c kh, dt, cng nghip nh, cng nghip a phng). H loi III: mc tin cy thp hn, gm cc h khng nm trong h loi 1 v 2. Cho php mt in trong thi gian sa cha, thay th phn t s c nhng khng qu mt ngy m. H loi III thng c CC bng mt ngun.

Trng hp khi ng ng c hoc mng in ang trong tnh trng s c th lch in p cho php c th ti (-10 20 %)Udm . Tuy nhin v ph ti in lun thay i nn gi tr in p li khc nhau cc nt ca ph ti iu chnh rt phc tp. c nhng bin php hiu lc iu chnh in p, cn m t s din bin ca in p khng nhng theo lch so vi gi tr nh mc, m cn phi th hin c mc ko di. Khi ch tiu nh gi mc cht lng in p l gi tr tch phn.

U( t ) U dm dt U dm 0

1.3 Cc h tiu th in in hnh:

1) Cc thit b ng lc cng nghip. 2) Cc thit b chiu sng. (thng 1 pha, TPT bng phng, cos = 1-0,6). 3) Cc TB bin i. 4) Cc ng c truyn ng my gia cng. 5) L v cc thit b gia nhit. 6) Thit b hn. (Gii cng sut; dng TPT; Gii Udm ; fdm ; cos ; c tnh ph ti; thuc h tiu th loi 1; 2 hoc 3).

Trong : U(t) - gi tr in p ti nt kho st thi im t. T - khong thi gian kho st. Udm - gi tr nh mc ca mng. Khi lch in p so vi gi tr yu cu (hoc nh mc) c m t nh mt i lng ngu nhin c phn b chun, v mt trong nhng mc tiu quan trng ca iu chnh in p l: sao cho gi tr xc sut trong sut khong thi gian kho st T lch in p nm trong phamj vi cho php, t cc i. Ngai ra khi nghin cu cht lng in nng cn xt n hnh vi kinh t, ngha l phi xt n thit hi kinh t do mt in, cht lng in nng xu. Chng hn khi in p thp hn nh mc, hiu xut my gim, sn xut km, tui th ng c thp hn nh mc, hiu sut my gim, sn phm km, tui th ng c gim v.v.. T y xc nh c gi tr in p ti u.

1.4 Cc ch tiu k thut trong CC-XN:

Mt khc khi nghin cu cht lng in nng trn quan im hiu s dng in, ngha l iu chnh in p v th ph ti sao cho tng s in nng s dng vi in p cho php l cc i. Nhng vn nu trn cn c nhng nghin cu t m da trn nhng thng k c h thng v phn phi in p ti cc nt, sut thit hi kinh t do cht lng in xu

15 T phn phi. 16 T phn phi ng lc. 17 T chiu sng lm vic. 18 T chiu sng cc b. 19 Khi ng t. 20 - n si t. 21 - n hunh quang. 22 Cng tc in. 23 cm in. 24 Dy dn in. 25 Dy cp in 26 Thanh dn (thanh ci). 27 Dy dn tn s 50 Hz 28 Dy dn mng hai dy. 29 Dy dn mng 4 dy. 30 - ng dy in p U 36 V. 31 ng dy mng ng lc 1 chiu. 32 Chng st ng.

1.4 Mt s k hiu thng dng:

1 My pht in hoc nh my in 2 - ng c in 3 My bin p 2 cun dy. 4 My bin p 3 cun dy. 5 My bin p iu chnh di ti. 6 - Khng in. 7 My bin dng in. 8 My ct in. 9 - Cu ch. 10 - Aptmt. 11 Cu dao cch ly. 12 My ct ph ti. 13 T in b. 14 T iu khin

33 Chng st van.

34 Cu ch t ri.