National Theimal

Powei Coipoiation Ltu

Summer Lralnlng 8eporL
SubmlLLed 8y
kaveesh Sharma (108LC020)
LlecLronlcs CommunlcaLlon
Lngg
NTPC-An 0veiview
-@9C ls Lhe largesL sLaLeowned power generaLlng company ln lndla lL
was seL up ln 1973 Lo acceleraLe power developmenL ln
-@9Cs core buslness ls englneerlng consLrucLlon and operaLlon of
power generaLlng planLs and provldlng consulLancy Lo power uLlllLles
-@9C ranked 341sL ln Lhe '2010 lorbes Clobal 2000' ranklng of Lhe
World's blggesL companles
lndlan publlc secLor company and honoured as one of flve MAPA8A@-A
companles ln lndla
@he LoLal lnsLalled capaclLy of Lhe company ls 34894 MW (lncludlng !vs)
wlLh 13 coal based and 7 gas based sLaLlons locaLed across Lhe counLry
As aL 31 Mar 2011 -@9Cs share of Lhe counLrys LoLal lnsLalled capaclLy
ls 1773 and lL generaLed 274 of Lhe power generaLlon of Lhe
counLry ln 201011 -@9C ls llghLlng every Lhlrd bulb ln lndla
Anto 6os Power Project
@he flrsL Cas based 9ower 9lanL of -@9C
@he raLlng of Lhe planL ls 3 x 8871 MW Cas @urblnes and a
1332 MW SLeam @urblne wlLh LoLal generaLlng capaclLy of
41933 MW
luel used ls gaseous fuel (naLural gas) and llquld fuel
(naphLha)
6os Turbine Plont 0perotion
W compressor sucks ln alr from Lhe aLmosphere
W compressed alr aL approxlmaLely 10 bar passes lnLo Lhe combusLlon
chamber
W lL ls used as prlmary alr for combusLlon and secondary alr for coollng of very
hoL parLs
W CeneraLor ls sLarLed wlLh speed lncreaslng from 0 Lo 600 rpm aL whlch a
plloL flame ls lgnlLed ln Lhe combusLlon chamber fuel (gas/naphLha) enLers
and combusLlon Lakes place
W -aLural Cas belng efflclenL nonpolluLlng and relaLlvely economlcal ls used
as fuel
W AL abouL 3000 rpm Lhe generaLor ls synchronlzed wlLh Lhe grld wlLh more
and more fuel enLerlng Lhe combusLlon chamber
W @he hoL gases afLer combusLlon enLer Lhe gas Lurblne aL abouL 1000 C (aL
base load) @he hlgh pressure and LemperaLure gas passes Lhrough Lhe
Lurblne roLaLlng lL and Lhe generaLor Lhus produces Lhe elecLrlcal power
Contiol Anu Instiumentation
W Cl can be deflned as a Lechnology of uslng lnsLrumenLs Lo measure
and conLrol Lhe physlcal and chemlcal properLles of a maLerlal @hls
deparLmenL ls Lhe braln of Lhe planL because from Lhe relays Lo
LransmlLLers followed by Lhe elecLronlc compuLaLlon chlpseLs and
recorders and lasLly Lhe conLrolllng clrculLry all fall under Lhls
W @here are baslcally Lwo Lypes of rob|ems faced |n a ower |ant
Meta||urg|ca|
Mechan|ca|
ln order Lo solve conLrol and measure Lhem we have varlous
parameLers whlch have Lo be conLrolled
TENPERAT0RE N0NIT0RINu
W We can use @hermocouples or 8@s for LemperaLure monlLorlng
kLSIS1ANCL 1LMLkA1UkL DL1LC1Ck (k1D)
Are made up of plaLlnum because of lLs accuracy wlde
LemperaLure range and sLablllLy -ormally 8@s are used for low
LemperaLures as plaLlnum becomes conLamlnaLed by lmpurlLles from
meLal sheaLh of LhermomeLer @he maLerlal has a predlcLable change
ln reslsLance as Lhe LemperaLure changes lL ls Lhls predlcLable change
LhaL ls used Lo deLermlne LemperaLure 8@s used ln lndusLrles are
9L100 and 9L1000 whose LemperaLure range ls
t
100
0
0
C 100 ( 1 23
0
C )
t
1000
0
0
C 1000
lor 0 C 8
@
8
0
1 + a@ + b@
2
+c@
3
(@ 100)
lor 0 C 8
@
8
0
1 + a@ + b@
2

1nLkMCCCULL
-ormally used for hlgher LemperaLure
SelecLlon CrlLerla
@emperaLure 8ange
Accuracy 8equlred
-ormally used @hermocouple ls k 1ype 1hermocoup|e
Chromel (-lckelChromlum Alloy) / Alumel (-lckelAlumlnum Alloy)
1hey are avallable ln Lhe -200 C Lo +1200 C range
Sens|t|v|ty ls approxlmaLely 41 v/C
0v SENS0R T0 NEAS0RE TENPERAT0RE 0F
F0RNANCE
W An ulLra vloleL sensor ls employed ln furnace Lo measure Lhe
lnLenslLy of ulLra vloleL rays lnslde Lhe furnace and accordlng
Lo lL a slgnal ln Lhe same order of same mv ls generaLed whlch
dlrecLly lndlcaLes Lhe LemperaLure of Lhe furnace
PRESS0RE N0NIT0RINu
9ressure can be monlLored by Lwo Lypes of baslc mechanlsms
1kANSMI11Lk
lL's used for pressure measuremenLs of gases and
llqulds lLs worklng prlnclple ls LhaL Lhe lnpuL pressure ls
converLed lnLo elecLrosLaLlc capaclLance and from Lhere lL ls
condlLloned and ampllfled
@he LransmlLLer malnly employed ls 9harp L!A
pressure/dlfferenLlal pressure LransmlLLers where pharp ls
dlfferenLlal pressure hlgh accuracy resonanL pressure sensor
made of slllcon Lo measure pressure @he dlglLal prlnclple of Lhe
sensor provldes repeaLablllLy and sLablllLy LhaL ls superlor Lo
analog sensor deslgns and ls vlrLually lmmune Lo Lhe effecLs of
vlbraLlon LemperaLure sLaLlc pressure
SWI1CnLS
pressure sw|tches can be used for dlglLal means of
monlLorlng All Lhe monlLored daLa ls converLed Lo elLher CurrenL
or volLage parameLer