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    LaYulay
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    The document discusses recursion in SQL, including nonlinear and mutual recursion. It provides examples of using the WITH RECURSIVE statement to write recursive queries in SQL, such as finding all ancestors of a person or calculating page ranks through a mutual recursion on hubs and authorities. The author notes that while SQL only requires support for linear recursion, extending it to allow nonlinear and mutual recursion increases its expressive power.

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    The document discusses recursion in SQL, including nonlinear and mutual recursion. It provides examples of using the WITH RECURSIVE statement to write recursive queries in SQL, such as finding all ancestors of a person or calculating page ranks through a mutual recursion on hubs and authorities. The author notes that while SQL only requires support for linear recursion, extending it to allow nonlinear and mutual recursion increases its expressive power.

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    9 views14 pages

    Other Recurs Ion

    Uploaded by

    LaYulay
    The document discusses recursion in SQL, including nonlinear and mutual recursion. It provides examples of using the WITH RECURSIVE statement to write recursive queries in SQL, such as finding all ancestors of a person or calculating page ranks through a mutual recursion on hubs and authorities. The author notes that while SQL only requires support for linear recursion, extending it to allow nonlinear and mutual recursion increases its expressive power.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 14

    Recursion in SQL

    Nonlinear and Mutual Recursion


    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    SQL With Recursive Statement


    With Recursive R1 As (query-1), R2 As (query-2), ... Rn As (query-n) <query involving R1,,Rn (and other tables)>

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    SQL With Recursive Statement


    With Recursive R As ( base query Union recursive query ) <query involving R (and other tables)>

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Linear Recursion
    With Recursive R As ( base query Union recursive query ) <query involving R (and other tables)>

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Ancestors
    ParentOf(parent,child) Find all of Marys ancestors

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Ancestors
    ParentOf(parent,child) Find all of Marys ancestors

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Ancestors
    ParentOf(parent,child) Find all of Marys ancestors

    Nonlinear (versus linear)


    + Query looks cleaner + Converges faster Harder to implement SQL standard only requires linear

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    SQL With Recursive Statement


    With Recursive R1 As (query-1), R2 As (query-2), ... Rn As (query-n) <query involving R1,,Rn (and other tables)>

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Mutual Recursion
    With Recursive R1 As (query-1), R2 As (query-2), ... Rn As (query-n) <query involving R1,,Rn (and other tables)>

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Hubs & Authorities


    Link(src,dest) HubStart(node) AuthStart(node)

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Hubs & Authorities


    Link(src,dest) HubStart(node) AuthStart(node)

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Hubs & Authorities

    Jennifer Widom

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    Example: Recursion with Aggregation


    P(x)

    Jennifer Widom

    SQL With Recursive Statement

    Nonlinear & Mutual Recursion

    With Recursive R1 As (query-1), R2 As (query-2), ... Rn As (query-n) <query involving R1,,Rn (and other tables)>

    Extends expressiveness of SQL


    Basic functionality: linear recursion Extended functionality: nonlinear recursion, mutual recursion Disallowed: recursive subqueries (negative), aggregation
    Jennifer Widom

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