Nidhin V Reji ECE S7 B

Overview
o Introduction

o Basics of 3d perception
o Technologies o Future Scope o Standardization Efforts o Broadcast o Drawbacks o Conclusion o References

Introduction
Why 3D TV ?

3D Perception
Seeing in Three Dimensions

Stereopsis or Binocular Parallax

 Motion Parallax

 Convergence

Technologies
Common 3D display technologies.

Anaglyphic 3D
(with passive red-cyan lenses)

Polarization 3D
(with passive polarized lenses)

Alternate-frame sequencing
(with active shutter lenses)

Anaglyphic 3D
Developed in 1800s
It provides a 3D effect when viewed with 2 colour glasses (each lens a chromatically opposite colour, usually red and cyan). Images are made up of two colour layers, but they are offset with respect to each other to produce a depth effect.

Usually the main subject is in the centre, while the foreground and background are shifted in opposite directions.
Obsolete technology.

Advantages: Cheap Drawback : Very poor color fidelity due to the color tinted glasses. Poor quality

Polarization 3D
Two images intended for each eye are displayed from two separate projectors (or time multiplexing a single projector) Each image is projected with a polarization mutually orthogonal (90 degrees) to the other polarization. Polarized 3D Glasses are then used with polarized filters to ensure that each eye receives only the intended image Each eye perceives a different image resulting in the 3D effect.

Commercial systems like RealD actually use a circularly polarized light. The 2 images are either right-circularly polarized or left-circularly polarized. The advantage of using circularly polarized light is that you can tilt your head from side to side without affecting the contrast and brightness of the image you view. LG is developing 3D TV using this technology.

Advantages: One of the best 3D viewing experiences with rich colors and great detail. Glasses are passive (not electronic) and as a result very cheap. Easy to switch between displaying 2D and 3D content.

Drawback : Not widely adopted by electronics makers for the first generation of 3d TVs.

Alternate-frame sequencing
The movie is filmed with two cameras. Then the images are placed into a single strip of film in alternating order.

The film is then run at 48 frames-persecond.

Each eye's glass contains a liquid crystal layer which has the property of becoming dark when voltage is applied, being otherwise transparent.

 The glasses are controlled by an infrared, radio frequency, DLP-

Link or Bluetooth transmitter that sends a timing signal that allows the glasses to alternately darken over one eye, and then the other, in synchronization with the refresh rate of the screen

Advantages: Robust, mature technology Reduced eye fatigue by eliminating ghosting. LC shutter glasses are colour neutral enabling 3D viewing in the full colour spectrum. Drawbacks: Glasses are expensive and require batteries. The videos can be dim as the glasses reduce the brightness of the image.

Future Scope
3D TVs without glasses

Parallax Barrier

Lenticular Lens

Parallax Barrier
Line grating of liquid crystal placed in front of the screen, with slits in it.
Transmit alternating images to each eye of the viewer. Creates a sense of depth through parallax .

Parallax barrier can be switched on and off with ease

Sweet Spots

Lenticular Lens
Tiny cylindrical plastic lenses pasted in an array on a transparent sheet, stuck on the display surface of the LCD screen. The screen displays two sets of the same image. The lenses direct the light from the images to your eyes -each eye sees only one image. Sweet Spots

Standardization Efforts
To avoid a battle of formats. The type of 3D glasses (passive or active),

including bandwidth considerations, subtitles, recording format and a Blu-ray standard.

In August 2008, SMPTE established the "3-D Home Display Formats Task

Force"
A standard for 3D content formats was expected to take another 18 to 30

months

 However, SMPTE is not the only 3D standards group. Other organizations such as the Consumer Electronics

Association (CEA), 3D@home Consortium, ITU and the Entertainment Technology Center at USC's School of Cinematic Arts (ETC), have created their own investigation groups and have already offered to collaborate to reach a common solution.
HDMI version 1.4, released in June 2009, defines a number of 3D

transmission formats

Broadcast

 On 1 January 2010, the world's first 3D channel, SKY 3D, started

broadcasting nationwide in South Korea.

Sky made a channel called Sky Sports 3D. It started in early 2010. Starting on June 11, 2010 ESPN launched a new channel, ESPN 3D. 2010 FIFA World Cup matches in the new Canal+ 3D channel The 2010 52nd Grammy Awards featured a Michael Jackson Tribute

Sequence in 3D, using anaglyph format.

Why Not 3D TV?

Reported cases of headache, nausea , disorientation. The possible side-effects for children is that if they are exposed to 3D video

in their formative years, (upto 7) they could develop conditions like strabismus and lazy eye.
Reduction of binocular vision and depth perception. Effects of long-term 3D video exposure on adults are not as well

documented
How autostereoscopic screens will affect the eyes is something that is still

not yet known.

Conclusion
The future of Television??

References
T. Okoshi, "Three dimensional displays," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 68, pp. 548564, 1980. I. Sexton, and P. Surman, Stereoscopic and auto stereoscopic display systems, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 85-99, 1999. 3D Glasses Direct. "Polarized 3D Glasses." 2006. (June 10, 2009) http://www.3dglasses.net/polarized%203D%20Glasses.htm Advanced Imaging. "Lenticular Graphics, Lenticular Displays, Lenticular Printing." (June 12, 2009) http://www.advdigital.com/lenticular.html

Ewalt, David M. "3D Without Glasses." Forbes. Digital Download. Jan. 11, 2009. (June 12, 2009) http://blogs.forbes.com/digitaldownload/2009/01/samsung-goes-3d.html
Hutchison, David C. "Introducing DLP 3-D TV." Texas Instruments. 2007. (June 12, 2009) http://www.dlp.com/downloads/Introducing_DLP_3D%20HDTV_Whitepaper.pdf

 Johnson, Alan. "3D High Definition TV is here!" 3DFlightSim. Nov. 21, 2007. (June 11, 2009) http://www.3dflightsim.com/articles/HDTVisHERE.htm Texas Instruments. "DLP 3-D HDTV Technology." 2007. (June 12, 2009) http://www.dlp.com/downloads/DLP_3D_HDTV_Technology.pdf Wittlief, Kenneth. "Stereoscopic 3D Film and Animation -- Getting it Right." ACM SIGGRAPH. July 30, 2007. (June 12, 2009) http://www.siggraph.org/publications/newsletter/volume/stereoscopic-3d-film-andanimationgetting-it-right

Queries ?