Loi Giai Chi Tiet Hoa A 2010

V HNG DN GII CHI TIT
THI TUYN SINH VO CC TRNG I HC, KHI A, 2010

Phn tch, hng dn gii :
ThS. Phm Ngc n, Cng tc vin Cng ty C phn Hc liu S phm
TRN TRNG CM N
1. ng Ninh Quc Tnh, Gim c Cng ty C phn Hc liu S phm
2. ThS. Phm Ngc Bng, Khoa Ho hc, HSP H Ni xem v ng gp kin
3. Phng ch bn, Cng ty C phn Hc liu S phm

Cu 1: Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol
2
4
SO

v x mol OH
. Dung
dch Y c cha
4 3
ClO , NO

v y mol H
+
; tng s mol
4
ClO
v
3
NO
l 0,04. Trn
X v Y c 100 ml dung dch Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H
2
O) l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 12. D. 13.
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch X :
0,07 = 0,022 + x x = 0,03 (mol)
p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch Y : y =
( )
H ClO NO
4 3
n n n
+
= + = 0,04
Khi trn dung dch X vi dung dch Y;
2
H OH H O (1)
0, 03 0, 03
+
+

( )
( ) ( )
1
H
0, 01
n 0, 04 0, 03 0, 01 mol H 0,1 10 M
0,1
+
+
( = = = = =

d

pH = 1 p n A.
Cu 2: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo
dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
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A. 6,40. B. 16,53. C. 12,00. D. 12,80.
t n
Zn
= x (mol) n
Cu
= 2x (mol)
65x + 64.2x = 19,3 x = 0,1 (mol)
3 2 2
3 2 2
Zn 2Fe Zn 2Fe
0,1 0, 2
Cu 2Fe Cu 2Fe
0,1 0, 2
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+ +
kim loi sau phn ng l Cu d : 0,1 (mol)

( )
( )
Cu
m m 0,1 64 6, 4 gam = = =
d
p n A.
Cu 3: Hn hp kh X gm N
2
v H
2
c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X
mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t
khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH
3
l
A. 50% B. 36% C. 40% D. 25%

Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo N
2
.
Chn ( )
2
X N
n 1 n 0, 2 mol = =
( )
X Y
X Y Y
Y X
M n 1, 8
0, 9 dom m n 0, 9
M n 2
= = = = =
2 2 3
N 3H 2NH
+

( )
( ) ( )
H 100% mol
0,1 100
H 25%
0, 4
H 1 0, 9 0,1 mol
=

= =
`
=

)
2
N
s mol kh gim = 2n = 0, 4

p n D.
N
2
28
H
2
2 20,8
7,2
5,2
2
2
N
H
n
5, 2 1
n 2,8 4
= =
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Cu 4: Trong s cc cht : C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
7
Cl, C
3
H
8
O v C
3
H
9
N; cht c nhiu ng
phn cu to nht l
A. C
3
H
7
Cl B. C
3
H
8
O C. C
3
H
8
D. C
3
H
9
N
Tng s nguyn t cacbon trong cc cht l bng nhau khi lin kt vi cc
nguyn t c ho tr cao (N c ho tr cao nht), s ng phn s tng
p n D.
Cu 5: Thc hin cc th nghim sau :
(I) Sc kh SO
2
vo dung dch KMnO
4

(II) Sc kh SO
2
vo dung dch H
2
S
(III) Sc hn hp kh NO
2
v O
2
vo nc
(IV) Cho MnO
2
vo dung dch HCl c, nng
(V) Cho Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng
(VI) Cho SiO
2
vo dung dch HF
S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A. 3 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
(1) 5SO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4

(2) SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O
(3) 4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

(4) MnO
2
+ 4HCl
c
0
t
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
(5) 2Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4

c

0
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
(6) SiO
2
+ 4HF SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
Cc phn ng (5) v (6) khng c s thay i s oxi ho p n D.
Cu 6: Cho cn bng : 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)
2SO
3
(k)
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Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh so vi H
2
gim i. Pht biu ng khi
ni v cn bng ny l :
A. Phn ng nghch to nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng
nhit .
B. Phn ng thun to nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng
nhit .
C. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng
nhit .
D. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng
nhit .
Theo nh lut bo ton, khi lng hn hp kh lun khng i.
T khi ca hn hp kh (sau khi tng nhit ) so vi H
2
gim i, chng t khi
lng phn t trung bnh gim
m
M
n
| |
=
|
\
S mol kh tng Cn bng chuyn
dch theo chiu nghch (chiu gim nhit tc thu nhit) phn ng thun l
to nhit.
p n B.
Cu 7: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO
3
nng a mol/l, thu c
2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) thu
c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl
2

(d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca a, m tng ng l
A. 0,04 v 4,8 B. 0,07 v 3,2 C. 0,08 v 4,8 D. 0,14 v 2,4
p dng bo ton nguyn t (vi cacbon) :
2
3 3 2
OH HCO CO H O

+ + (1)
Do ( )
3
CaCO
7, 0
n 0, 07 mol
100
= = > ( )
3
BaCO
11,82
n 0, 06 mol
197
= =
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Dung dch X c cha ng thi ( )
2
3 3
CO ; HCO : x mol

Sau (1) : NaOH phn ng ht ; NaHCO
3
cn d
( ) 2
3
3
BaCO
CO
n 2 n 0,12 mol = =
0
t 2
3 3 2 2
2HCO CO CO H O
x 0, 5x

+ +

( ) ( ) 2
3
3
CaCO
CO
n 0,12 0, 5x 2n 0,14 x 0, 04 mol = + = = =
( ) ( )
3
HCO
n 0,12 x 0,16 mol 2a a 0, 08 M = + = = =
( ) 2
3
NaOH
CO (1)
n n 0,12 m 0,12 40 4, 8 gam = = = =
p n C.
Cu 8: Mt phn t saccaroz c
A. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz
B. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz
C. hai gc -glucoz
D. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz
Saccaroz c cu to t mt gc gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz lin kt
vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi gi C
1
ca glucoz v C
2
ca fructozo (C
1
OC
2
):
Lin kt glicozit p n D.
Cu 9: Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va
4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l :
A. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
CH
2
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
7
CH
2
OH
C. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
CH
2
OH D. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH
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( ) ( )
ancol CuO Ag
4, 8 23, 76
n n 0, 06 mol ; n 0, 22 mol
80 108
= = = = =
Nhn thy :
Ag ancol
n 2n > C mt ancol l CH
3
OH Loi phng n A v B.
Nhn xt : Cc ancol trong 4 phng n u l ancol bc nht
3
2
CH OH HCHO 4Ag
a b 0, 06 a 0, 05 a 4a
4a 2b 0, 22 b 0, 01
RCH OH RCHO 2Ag
b 2b
+ = =

`
+ = =

)

m
ancol
= 320,05 + (R + 31) 0,01 = 2,2 R = 29 (C
2
H
5
)
p n C.
Cu 10: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y,
u mch h v c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s
mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 3,36 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc) v 25,2 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H
2
SO
4
c
thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam este thu c l
A. 34,20 B. 27,36 C. 22,80 D. 18,24
( ) ( )
2 2
CO H O
n 1, 5 mol ; n 1, 4 mol = =

H
C
1, 5 1, 4
n 3; n 2 5, 6
0, 5 0, 5
= = = = ancol l C
3
H
8
O : a (mol)
Gi cng thc ca axit l C
3
H
n
O
2
(n 4 v n l chn)
TH
1
: n = 4 C
3
H
4
O
2
: b (mol)
a b 0, 5 a 0, 2
8a 4b 2,8 b 0, 3
+ = =

+ = =

C
3
H
8
O + C
3
H
4
O
2

C
6
H
10
O
2
+ H
2
O
0,2 0,2 ( H = 100%)
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m
este
= ( )
80
0, 2 114 18, 24 gam
100
= p n D.
TH
2
: n = 2 C
3
H
2
O
2
: b (mol)
a b 0, 5 a 0, 3
8a 2b 2,8 b 0, 2
+ = =

+ = =

Loi (v a > b)
Cu 11: Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
;
0,006
3
HCO
v 0,001 mol
3
NO
. loi b ht Ca
2+
trong X cn mt lng va
dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)
2
Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,222 B. 0,120 C. 0,444 D. 0,180
2
2
Ca
Ca(OH)
OH
n x
n x
n 2x
+
=

=

( ) 2
Ca
n x 0, 03 mol + = +

kt ta ht ion Ca
2+
:
2 2
3 3 2
CO Ca CaCO H O
+
+ +
2 2
3
CO Ca
n n a 0, 003 + = = +
2
3 3 2
HCO OH CO H O

+ +
( ) 2
3 3
CO HCO
n n x 0, 003 0, 006 x 0, 003 mol = = + = =
Khi
OH
n 2x 0, 006 = = : Phn ng va vi
3
HCO

2
3 3 2
HCO OH CO H O
0, 06 0, 06 0, 06

+ +

m = 740,003 = 0,222 (gam)
p n A.
Cu 12: Hn hp kh no sau y khng tn ti nhit thng ?
A. H
2
v F
2
B. Cl
2
v O
2
C. H
2
S v N
2
D. CO v O
2

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H
2
+ F
2
2HF
Phn ng c th xy ra trong bng ti hoc 252
0
C p n A.
Cu 13: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,03 mol H
2
trong mt
bnh kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc
brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280
ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H
2
l 10,08. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,328 B. 0,205 C. 0,585 D. 0,620
{C
2
H
2
; H
2
}
0
Ni, t
Y
2
+ Br
Z
m
hn hp ban u
= 0,0226 + 0,032 = 0,58 (gam)
m
kh tc dng vi dung dch brom
= m
khi lng bnh brom tng

m
hn hp ban u
= m
Y
= m
Z
+ m
Mt khc: m
Z
= ( ) ( ) =
280
10, 08 2 0, 252 gam
22400
(gam)
m
= m
hn hp ban u
m
Z
= 0,58 0,252 = 0,328 (gam) p n A.
Cu 14: Nung nng tng cp cht trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
(k), (3) Au + O
2
(k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(r), (5) Cu + KNO
3
(r) , (6) Al + NaCl (r).
Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l :
A. (1), (3), (6) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (2), (5), (6)
3 0
2
3 2
Fe O 3CO 2Fe 3CO
+
+ + Phn ng (2) l phn ng kh ion kim loi
thnh kim loi Loi phng n B v D.
Au, Pt khng b oxi ho bi oxi Loi phng n A.
p n C.
Cu 15: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
l
A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
C
2
H
4
O
2
c bt bo ho =
2 2 2 2
1
2
+
=
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C cc cng thc tho mn l :
CH
3
COOH ; HCOOCH
3
v HOCH
2
CHO
p n A.
Cu 16: C cc pht biu sau :
(1) Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO
3

(2) Ion Fe
3+
c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d
5
(3) Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo
(4) Phn chua c cng thc Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O
Cc pht biu ng l
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (4)
Phn chua c cng thc K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O Loi phng n A, B v D
p n C.
Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y ng ?
A. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng
B. Kim loi xeri c dng ch to t bo quang in
C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri
n bari) c nhit nng chy gim dn
Ch c cc kim loi kim (nhm IA) v kim loi kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba) tc dng
vi H
2
O nhit thng. Be v Mg l kim loi nhm IIA nhng khng tc dng
vi H
2
O nhit thng Loi phng n A.
Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lc phng Loi phng n C.
T Be n Ba bin i khng u (tng v gim)
p n B.
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho
110 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho
140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
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A. 32,20 B. 24,15 C. 17,71 D. 16,10
p n D.
Cu 19: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron,
nilon6,6. S t tng hp l
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5
T tng hp l t m cc polime do con ngi tng hp ra t cc monome :
T capron, t nitron, nilon6,6
p n A.
Bng, t tm : L polime thin nhin
T xenluloz axetat: L polime nhn to (bn tng hp)
Cu 20: Trong s cc pht biu sau v phenol (C
6
H
5
OH):
(1) Phenol tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch HCl
(2) Phenol c tnh axit, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm
(3) Phenol dng sn xut keo dn, cht dit nm mc
(4) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom v th nitro d hn benzen
Cc pht biu ng l
A. (1), (2), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (3), (4)
Phenol l mt axit yu tan t trong nc tan t trong trong dung dch HCl
p n B.
Cu 21: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thu phn hon ton
u thu c 3 aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin?
A. 3 B. 9 C. 4 D. 6
p n D.
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Cu 22: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip.
t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550
ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c
(d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng
thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
C. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6

Hn hp kh Y gm : CO
2
, H
2
O v N
2
( )
2 2 2
H O CO N
V V V 550 ml + + = (*)
Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th th tch kh cn li l 250ml gm :
CO
2
v N
2
( ) ( )
2 2 2
H O CO N
V 550 250 300 ml ; V V 250 ml = = + = (**)
S nguyn t H trung bnh l
H
300
n 2 6
100
= = Loi phng n A v B.
Nu l phng n C (hn hp hai ankan)
2 2
H O CO X
V V V < do
+ ankan C
n
H
2n+2 ( )
( )
2
2 2
O
2 2 H O CO ankan
nCO n 1 H O V V V
+
+ + =
+ C
2
H
7
N
( )
2
2 2 2 7 2
O
2 2 2 H O CO C H N N
2CO 3, 5H O 0, 5N V V V V
+
+ + = +

2 2 2 7 2
H O CO ankan C H N N
V V V V V = + +
( ) ( )
2 7 2 2 2
X ankan C H N H O CO N
V V V V V V 300 250 50 ml = + = + = = 100 (ml)
Loi phng n C.
p n D.
Cu 23: Pht biu ng l
A. Khi thu phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc -
aminoaxit
B. Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)
2
thy xut hin phc mu
xanh m
C. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thu phn xenluloz thnh mantoz
D. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz
p n A.
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Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu
xanh tm Loi phng n B.
Enzim amilaza l xc tc cho phn ng thu phn xenluloz thnh glucoz
Loi phng n C.
Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz (mono saccarit c 5C)
Loi phng n D.
Cu 24: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy
ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,72 B. 5,42 C. 7,42 D. 5,72
( ) ( )
2 2
CO H O
3, 808 5, 4
n 0,17 mol ; n 0, 3 mol
22, 4 18
= = = =
2 2
H O CO
n n > ancol no, mch h (n chc hoc a chc)
( )
2 2
C
ancol H O CO
0,17
n n n 0,13 mol n 1, 308
0,13
= = =
C mt ancol l CH
3
OH (n chc) Hn hp gm cc ancol n chc, c
cng thc tng qut
n 2n 2
C H O
+

( )
( )
ancol
m m 14n 18 0,13 4, 72 gam = = + = p n A.
Cu 25: Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t :
26 55 26
13 26 12
X, Y, Z ?
A. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc
B. X v Z c cng s khi
C. X v Y c cng s ntron
D. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc
p n B.
Cu 26: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H
2
SO
4
(t l x :
y = 2 : 5), thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mi sunfat.
S mol electron do lng Fe trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A. 3x B. y C. 2x D. 2y
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H
2
SO
4
do cha bit nng , nn
Fe + H
2
SO
4

long
FeSO
4
+ H
2
Loi v x = y

2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4

c, nng
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O Loi v x : y = 1 : 3

Xy ra hai phng trnh :
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
c, nng
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
y
y
3

y
2

Fe
d
+ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
3FeSO
4

0 2
Fe Fe 2e
x 2x
+
+

( )
6 4
2
S 2e S SO
y
y
2
+ +
+

2x y = p n B.
Cu 27: Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ho cumen nh oxi, sau thu
phn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen
cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l
A. 300 gam B. 500 gam C. 400 gam D. 600 gam
S iu ch: (CH
3
)
2
CHC
6
H
5

2
1) O
Tiu phn trung
gian
2 4
2)H SO 20%
CH
3
COCH
3
+ C
6
H
5
OH
( )
( )
3 6 5 3 3 6 5
2
CH CH C H CH COCH C H OH
126 58
145 126
m 315 H 100%
58
m 145
+

= = =

V hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75% mcumen =
100
315 420
75
= (gam)
p n C.
Cu 28: Cho cc cht: NaHCO
3
, CO, Al(OH)
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, HF, Cl
2
, NH
4
Cl. S cht
tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l
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A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cc cht khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l: :
CO ; Fe(OH)
3
p n B.
Cu 29: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung
dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit
cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH D. HCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
n
NaOH
= 0,06 (mol) = 3n
E
E l este 3 chc (to bi ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n
chc)
( )
3
3
(RCOO) R' 3NaOH 3RCOONa R' OH
0, 2 0, 6
+ +

RCOONa
43, 6
M 72, 67
0, 6
= mui th nht l HCOONa (M = 68)
Gi cng thc mui cn li l RCOONa
TH1 : n
RCOONa
= 2n
HCOONa
= 0,4 (mol)

RCOONa
RCOONa
2M 68 43, 6
M 75
3 0, 6
+
= = (loi)
TH1 : n
HCOONa
= 2n
RCOONa
= 0,4 (mol)

RCOONa
RCOONa
M 2 68 43, 6
M 82
3 0, 6
+
= = (CH
3
COONa)
p n A.
Cu 30: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th
A. Bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng
B. Bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim
C. Bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng
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D. Bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim
p n C.
Cu 31: Cho 0,15 mol H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
(axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch
HCl 2M, thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l
A. 0,50. B. 0,65. C. 0,70. D. 0,55.
n
HCl
= 0,35 (mol)
H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
+ HCl ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
(1)
0,15 0,15 0,15
Sau (1) : ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
: 0,15 (mol) v HCl d : 0,2 (mol)
HCl + NaOH NaCl
0,20,2
ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
+ 3NaOH H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COONa)
2
+ NaCl + 2H
2
O
0,15 0,45
n
NaOH
= 0,2 + 0,45 = 0,65 (mol) p n B.
Cu 32: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim
th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc).
Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri.
C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu
c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t
l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi
lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam. B. 18,46 gam. C. 12,78 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ha:
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C
3
H
6

2
dung dich Br
X
NaOH
Y
0
CuO,t
Z
2
O ,xt
T
0
3
CH OH,t ,xt
E
(Este a chc).
Tn gi ca Y l
A. propan-1,3-iol. B. propan-1,2-iol.
C. propan-2-ol. D. glixerol.
Cu 35: Cho 4 dung dch: H
2
SO
4
long, AgNO
3
, CuSO
4
, AgF. Cht khng tc
dng c vi c 4 dung dch trn l
A. KOH. B. BaCl
2
. C. NH
3
. D. NaNO
3
.
p n D.
Cu 36: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl
2
(vi in cc tr) v phn ng n
mn in ha xy ra khi nhng hp kim ZnCu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
B. u sinh ra Cu cc m.
C. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.
D. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ha Cl
.
Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl
2
s dng dng in mt chiu
Loi phng n A.
Khi nhng hp kim ZnCu vo dung dch HCl, cc m l Zn v b n mn
Loi phng n B.
Khi nhng hp kim ZnCu vo dung dch HCl, cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh
H+ (2H
+
+ 2e H
2
) Loi phng n D.
p n D.
Cu 37: Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l
A. 3-etylpent-3-en. B. 2-etylpent-2-en.
C. 3-etylpent-2-en. D. 3-etylpent-1-en.
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Cu 38: Cho s chuyn ha:
Triolein
0
2
H (Ni,t ) +
d
X
0
NaOH ,t +
d
Y
HCl +
Z.
Tn ca Z l
A. axit linoleic. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic.
Triolein
0
2
H (Ni,t ) +
d
X Gc axit trong triolein cha no v X cha gc
axit no Loi phng n C, A, B
p n D.
Cu 39: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Hiro sunfua b oxi ha bi nc clo nhit thng.
B. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon.
C. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ha: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7
trong cc hp cht.
D. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung
photphorit, ct v than cc 1200
0
C trong l in.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt
nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO
2
bng
6
7
th tch kh O
2
phn ng (cc
th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml
dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht
rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,20. B. 6,66. C. 8,88. D. 10,56.
Cu 41: Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l
A. CO
2
. B. SO
2
. C. N
2
O. D. NO
2
.
p n B.
c tham kho phn ng dng v sn xut ng saccaroz (SGK Ho hc 12)
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Cu 42: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch
h. X c kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy
hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO
2
, x mol H
2
O v y mol N
2
. Cc gi tr x, y tng
ng l
A. 8 v 1,0. B. 8 v 1,5. C. 7 v 1,0. D. 7 v 1,5.
Cu 43: T 180 gam glucoz, bng phng php ln men ru, thu c a gam
ancol etylic (hiu sut 80%). Oxi ha 0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln
men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung ha hn hp X cn 720 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A. 80%. B. 10%. C. 90%. D. 20%.
Cu 44: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi
dung dch AgNO
3
l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg. B. Zn, Cu, Fe. C. MgO, Na, Ba. D. Zn, Ni, Sn.
CuO v MgO khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
Loi phng n A v C.
Cu khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl Loi phng n B.
p n D.
Cu 45: Trong phn ng: K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ HCl CrCl
3
+ Cl
2
+ KCl + H
2
O
S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia
phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A. 4/7. B. 1/7. C. 3/14. D. 3/7.
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 14HCl 2CrCl
3
+ 3Cl
2
+ 2KCl + 7H
2
O
C 12 HCl ng vai tr l cht kh, tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng l
14 k =
6 3
14 7
= p n D.
Cu 46: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung
dch cha Na
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,030. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,015.
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Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d
dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5
gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,9. B. 14,3. C. 10,2. D. 9,5.
Cch 1 :
CH
3
CHO CH
3
COONH
4
+ 2Ag
a a 2a
C
2
H
5
CHO C
2
H
5
COONH
4
+ 2Ag
b b 2b
( )
2a 2b 0, 4 a 0, 05
m 0, 05 44 0,15 58 10, 9 gam
77a 91b 17, 5 b 0,15
+ = =
= + =

+ = =

p n A.
Cch 2 :
RCHO RCOONH
4
+ 2Ag
0, 2 0, 4
Khi lng mui tng = 0,233 = 6,6 (gam)
( ) m 17, 5 6, 6 10, 9 gam = = p n A.
Cu 48: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca
axit vi kim loi km c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
A. axit propanoic. B. axit metanoic.
C. axit etanoic. D. axit butanoic.
Cu 49: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm
chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn
ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ban u. Cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
4
. B. C
2
H
6
. C. C
3
H
6
. D. C
3
H
8
.
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Cu 50: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO
4
c cng
s mol, n khi catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh
in phn trn, sn phm thu c anot l
A. kh Cl
2
va2 O
2
. B. kh H
2
v O
2
.
C. ch c kh Cl
2
. D. kh Cl
2
v H
2
.
Cu 51: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3)
nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli (vinyl axetat), cc
polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l:
A. (1), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (5).
Poli(metyl metacrylat) l sn phm ca phn ng trng hp
Loi phng n A, C v D.
p n B.
Cu 52: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO
4
v 0,12 mol
NaCl bng dng in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650
giy in phn l
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
Cu 53: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH
3
(ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung
nng, thu c cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi
lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,37%. B. 87,63%. C. 14,12%. D. 85,88%.
2NH
3
+ 3CuO
0
t
N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
2NH
3
+ 3CuO
0
t

N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
Ban u 0,02 0,2 0
Phn ng 0,02 0,03 0,03
Kt thc 0 0,17 0,03
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%Cu =
0, 03 64
100% 12, 37%
0, 03 64 0,17 160
+

p n A.
Cu 54: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to
ra 8V lt hn hp gm kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi
u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii
phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH
2
=CHNHCH
3
. B. CH
3
CH
2
NHCH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. D. CH
2
=CHCH
2
NH
2
.
Nhn xt : C 4 phng n amin u n chc (cha 1 nguyn t N)
Gi cng thc ca X l C
n
H
m
N
X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit X l amin
bc I Loi phng n A v B.
Loi phng n A v D.
n gin nht l th vi mt trong hai phng n cn li (nu C ng D sai
v chn p n C. Nu C sai, khng cn th li vi D v chn p n D)
Th vi phng n D : CH
2
=CHCH
2
NH
2

2
O +
3CO
2
+ 3,5H
2
O + 0,5N
2

V
hn hp kh
= 3 + 3,5 + 0,5 = 7 Loi phng n D
p n C.
Cu 55: Hiro ha cht hu c X thu c (CH
3
)
2
CHCH(OH)CH
3
. Cht X c tn
thay th l
A. metyl isopropyl xetol. B. 3-metylbutan-2-on.
C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. D. 2-metylbutan-3-on.
p n B.
Cu 56: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4)
ha thch; nhng ngun nng lng sch l:
A. (1), (3), (4). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).
Nng lng ho thch (ch yu t than ) khng phi l ngun nng lng sch
p n D.
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Cu 57: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc,
k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh
H
2
(ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong
hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn
ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. C
2
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH.
( )
2
X H
n 2n 0, 6 mol = = .
V cc cht trong X phn ng va vi nhau ( )
3
CH OH axit
n n 0, 3 mol = =
3 3 2
CH OH RCOOH RCOOCH H O
0, 3 0, 3
+ +

3
RCOOCH R
25
m 83, 33 M 24, 3
0, 3
= =
Hai axit l CH
3
COOH
( )
( )
3
CH
M 15
= v C
2
H
5
COOH
( )
( )
2 5
C H
M 29
=
p n B.
Cu 58: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng
nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y
v kh H
2
. C cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam
hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O
2
(d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O
2

(ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,008 lt.
Gi cng thc chung ca 3 kim loi l Mv s mol mi kim loi l a
65 52 119 236
M
3 3
+ +
= =
2 2
M 2HCl MCl H
236
3a 71 8, 98 a 0, 02
3
3a 3a
+ +
| |
+ = =
`
|
\

)
(mol)

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( )
0 2
0 3
0 4
Zn Zn 2e
0, 02 0, 04
Cr Cr 3e
n 0,18 mol
0, 02 0, 06
Sn Sn 4e
0, 02 0, 08
+
+
+
+
=
`

)
electron nhng

0 2
2 O 4e 2O
0, 045 0,18

2
O
V 0, 045 22, 4 1, 008 = = (lt) p n D.
Cu 59: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t
chy cng s mol mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng
5
3
ln lng
nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CH(OH) CH
3
.
Nhn xt : C 4 phng n ancol u c s nguyn t H ln hn s nguyn t H
trong C2H5OH
Gi cng thc ancol Y l C
n
H
2n+2
O
4 10
2n 2 5
n 4 C H O
6 3
+
= =
Loi phng n A v D.
V tch H
2
O ch to mt anken duy nht Y l CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH (ancol
bc 1) p n B.
Cu 60: Xt cn bng: N
2
O
4
(k)
2NO
2
(k) 25
0
C.
Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng mi nu nng ca N
2
O
4
tng ln
9 ln th nng ca NO
2

A. tng 9 ln. B. tng 3 ln. C. tng 4,5 ln. D. gim 3 ln.
Ban u :
2
2
C
2 4
[NO ]
K
[N O ]
= .
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Khi [N
2
O
4
] tng 9 ln, t [NO
2
] = a
2 2
2
C
2 4 2 4
[NO ] a
K
[N O ] 9 [N O ]
= =

V hng s cn bng Kc khng ph thuc vo nng , ch ph thuc vo nhit
v cch vit phng trnh, nn :
[ ] [ ]
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 4 2 4
[NO ] a
9 NO a a 3 NO
[N O ] 9 [N O ]
= = =

p n B.

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Loi Giai Chi Tiet Hoa A 2010

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V HNG DN GII CHI TIT

THI TUYN SINH VO CC TRNG I HC, KHI A, 2010

kim loi sau phn ng l Cu d : 0,1 (mol)

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