Professional Documents
Culture Documents
א
א א
ﻭﺻﻞ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺗﲔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺴﻤﻠﺔ
( א ) א
: ﻫﻲ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ ﳓﻮ
( ãΛ⎧Ïm§9$# Ü>#§θ−G9$# uθèδ …çµ¯ΡÎ) ، Νä.u™!#y‰yγä© (#θãã÷Š$#uρ ⎯Ï&Î#÷VÏiΒ ⎯ÏiΒ ;οu‘θÝ¡Î/ #θè?ù'sù )
ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺻﻠﻬﺎ)ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ( ﺑﻮﺍﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﺓ
…çµs?$tΒr& §ΝèO ، ÏN≡tyϑ¨V9$# z⎯ÏΒ ⎯ϵÎ/ ylt÷zr'sù ): ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺣـﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻛﲔ ﳓـﻮ
(…çνuy9ø%r'sù
אא
١ islamweb.netאא
א
א א
ﺍﳌﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻭﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ:
( ôMt↔ÿ‹Å™ ، &™ÿρãè% ، )„â™!$t±o
ﺍﳌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ:ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻭﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺪ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ
&(ö/ä3|¡àΡr& (#θè% ، |MΡr& $tΒ ، $yγÏiΒé )’Îû ﻭﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ :
ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺧﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ)ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﺕ(
א
ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻼﺻﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺘﻤﻌﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻸﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻷﺎ
ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﺓ
ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﺣﻔﺼﺎ ﰲ )™ ( Λä⎢ΖtΒΗ m#Κ uﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﻪ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ
)(3 @’Î1ttãuρ @‘Ïϑygõƒm&v™ ( ÿ…çµçG≈tƒ#u™ ôMn=Å_Áèù Ÿωöθs9 (#θä9$s)©9 $|‹Ïϑygõƒr& $ºΡ#u™öè% çµ≈oΨù=yèy_ öθs9uρ
אא
٢ אאislamweb.net
א
š∅ÏiΒ 7‰ymr& ô⎯ÏΒ $pκÍ5 Νà6s)t6y™ $tΒ sπt±Ås≈xø9$# tβθè?ù'tGs9 öΝä6®ΡÏ™r& ÿ⎯ϵÏΒöθs)Ï9 tΑ$s% øŒÎ) $»Ûθä9uρ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕš⎥⎫Ïϑn=≈yèø9$#
א
ﻤﺎ ﳘﺰﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻼﺻﻘﺘﲔ ﻭﺻﻼ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺘﲔ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺁﺧـﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ
.ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ
א
אא
٣ islamweb.netאא
א
מ א
@ ( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﰐ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭÏÜøŠ|ÁßϑÎ/ ، tβρãÏÜø‹|Áßϑø9$#) : ﻗﺮﺃ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﺈﴰﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ ﰲ
ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺷﻴﺔ
ﻗﺮﺃ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﺈﴰﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺍﻝ
( tβθèùωôÁtƒ ، è−y‰ô¹m& ): ﳓﻮ
ﻗﺮﺃ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁ ﻭﺻﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﺑﺈﴰﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ
(tΛ⎧É)tGó¡ßϑø9$# xÞ≡uÅ_Ç9$# x$tΡω÷δ$# )
(öΝçγø‹n=tã |Môϑyè÷Ρr& t⎦⎪Ï%©!$# xÞ≡uÅÀ)
א
OµuŠÏΖ≈sÜù=ß™ Oµu‹Ï9$tΒ OνωtFø%$# Oµ−Ψ|¡tFtƒ ) : ﺣﺬﻑ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺖ ﻭﺻﻼ ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻔﺎ ﰲ
( Oµu‹Ïδ $tΒ
א מ
ﻳﻀﻢ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺎﺀ
( Ü>$t7ó™F{$# ãΝãγÎ/ ª!$# ÞΟãγƒÌãƒ) : ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﻼ ﳓﻮ
( ﻭﺻﻼ ﻭﻭﻗﻔﺎ öΝçκös9Î) öΝãγ÷ƒy‰s9 öΝçγø‹n=tã) : ﻳﻀﻢ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﰲ
אא
٤ islamweb.netאא
א
א
ﻳﺴﻜﺖ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﻜﺘﺔ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺃﻝ( ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ
( ™ó©x« ، Úö‘F{$# ، ﳓﻮοtÅzFψ$$Î/uρ) : ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﺷﺊ( ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ
ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺖ ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﳘﺰﺓ ﳓـﻮ :
)™(tβθãΖÏΒ÷σムŸω öΝèδö‘É‹Ζè? öΝs9 ÷Πr& öΝßγs?ö‘x‹Ρr&u™ óΟçγøŠn=tæ í™!#uθy
)(7ΟŠÏ9r& ë>#x‹tã óΟßγs9¥ρ
) ß⎯øtwΥ $yϑ¯ΡÎ) (#þθä9$s% ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﺪ ﻓﻼ ﺳﻜﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳓﻮ :
(šχθßsÎ=óÁãΒ
א א
ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺺ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﳍﻤﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﺎﻥ :ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺭﲰﻲ
ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﱐ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﲡﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ،
) ( מ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﳓﻮ:
))( $Vϑ≈n=y™ (#θä9$s)sù ϵø‹n=tã (#θè=yz£Š ŒÎ
אא
٥ אאislamweb.net
א
( ) מ
:ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﲔ ﳓﻮ
(öΝà6Å¡àΡr& ô⎯ÏiΒ Ñ^θß™u‘ öΝà2u™!%d1_ ‰s)s9)
( $yγÅ_÷ρy— ’Îû y7ä9ω≈pgéB ©ÉL©9$# tΑöθs% ª!$# yìÏϑ£™ ‰s%)
( &⎦⎫Î7•Β 9≅≈n=|Ê ’Îû $yγ1ut∴s9 $¯ΡÎ) $‰∃7ãm $yγxtó£© ‰s%)
((#ρã©.¤‹u‹Ï9 Èβ#u™öà)ø9$# #x‹≈yδ ’Îû $uΖøù§À ‰s)s9uρ)
( yxŠÎ6≈|ÁyϑÎ/ $u‹÷Ρ‘‰9$# u™!$yϑ¡¡9$# $¨Ζ−ƒ¨— ‰s)s9uρ)
( ħΡM}$#uρ Çd⎯Ågø:$# š∅ÏiΒ #ZÏWŸ2 zΟ¨ΨyγyfÏ9 $tΡù&u‘©Œ ‰s)s9uρ)
( È≅‹Î6¡¡9$# u™!#uθy™ ¨≅£Ê ‰s)sù öΝä3ΖÏΒ ã&ù#yèøtƒ ⎯tΒuρ)
(…çµ|¡øtΡ zΟn=¤ß ‰s)sù)
א מ
:ﺍﻟﻈﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻴﻢ ﳓﻮ
(§tI÷èßϑø9$#uρ yìÏΡ$s)ø9$# (#θßϑÏèôÛr&uρ $pκ÷]ÏΒ (#θè=ä3sù $pκæ5θãΖ_ Mt7y_uρ #sŒÎ*sù)
(Ÿ≅Î/$uΖy™ yìö7£™ MtFu;/Ρr& >π¬6ym È≅sVyϑx.)
(öΝßγtΒöθs% (#θè=ÏG≈s)ム÷ρr& öΝä.θè=ÏG≈s)ムβr& öΝèδâ‘ρ߉‘¹ NuÅÇym öΝä.ρâ™!$y_ ÷ρr&)
(#ZÏèy™ óΟßγ≈tΡ÷ŠÎi— Mt7yz $yϑ¯=à2)
( !$yγ1uθøósÜÎ/ ߊθßϑ¯O Mt/¤‹x.)
אא
٦ islamweb.netאא
א
מ מ
ﺍﻟﺴﲔ، ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ، ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ
(∩⊂∉∪ tβθè=yèøtƒ (#θçΡ%x. $tΒ â‘$¤ä3ø9$# z>Èhθ—O ≅yδ)
(#\øΒr& öΝä3Ý¡àΡr& öΝä3s9 ôMs9§θ¢™ ≅t/ tΑ$s%)
( ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﰐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻗﺔ3“1¨? ≅yδ)
($uΖtΡρ߉ݡøtªB ≅t/ tβθä9θà)uŠ|¡sù)
מ
ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﰲ
( £N‹sƒªB$# È⎦Í.s! ، ،$pκèiE‹s{r&، öΝèi?‹sƒªBr& ö≅è% ، ÷Λèεθßϑ›?‹sƒªB$$sù ، ãΝiè?‹sƒªB$#)
ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻖ
‘ ( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﰐ ﻏﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥN‹ãã) ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﰲ
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﻪ$yγ–?‹t7oΨsù)ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻭ
( ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﱘ-−ƒÌx.y— …çνy‰ö7tã y7În/u‘ ÏMuΗ÷qu‘ ãø.ÏjŒ 4 üÈÿèΧ‹γ!2) ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﰲ
( ﰲ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥz>#uθjrO ŠÌム∅tΒuρ) ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ ﰲ
( ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓâ™!$t±o„ ⎯§Β >Éj‹yèãƒuρ) ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﰲ
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑy7Ï9≡©Œ 4 ]yγù=tƒ) ﻭﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﰲ
( ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀóΟ›F[Î6©9 ، £MVÉ7©9 ) ﺃﺩﻏﻢ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ ﰲ
אא
٧ islamweb.netאא
א
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ )(5Α$yϑÎ/ ⎯Çh⎯Ρþþρ‘‰Ïϑè?r& tΑ$s% z⎯≈yϑø‹n=ß™ u™!%ª` $£ϑn=sù
א א
ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻓﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )™( çµ1uρù'tΒuρ ، 3“y‰çλù;$# ،$yϑßγ9s?#u
ﻓﻨﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻨﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )( £⎯ßγ1ΧΧhθ|¡sù Ï™!$yϑ¡¡9$# ’n<Î) #“ΧθtGó™$# §ΝèO
ﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻣﻴﻠﺖ ﻟﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎﻭﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ
ﺑﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺇﻥ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺋﻴـﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ
ﻭﺍﻭﻳﹰﺎ :
ﻓﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺃﺎ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﲤﺎﻝ ﻓﱵ
ﻳﻨﺠﻮ ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺃﺎ ﻭﺍﻭ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻻ ﲤﺎﻝ ﳒﺎ
אא
٨ אאislamweb.net
א
، ،
(“ΧΧθø)−G9$# ، 3“1θø=¡¡9$#uρ ، 4’1A öθyϑø9$#) : ﹶﻓ ْﻌْﻠﻰ
($11‹÷Ρ‘‰9$# ، 4’Χ1öà)ø9$#) : ﹸﻓ ْﻌْﻠﻰ
(óΟßγ≈11ϑ‹Å¡Î0 ، 3“Χø.ÏŒ ، $yϑßγ111‰÷nÎ)) : ِﻓ ْﻌْﻠﻰ
، :
(3“Χ≈|ÁtΡ ، 4’1ϑ≈tGuŠø9$#uρ) : ﱃ
ٰ ﹶﻓ َﻌَﺎ
(4’1<$|¡ä.) : ﱃ
ٰ ﹸﻓ َﻌَﺎ
מ א א מ
(4©1LuΒ ، 4’1oΤr&)
(4’1?t/ ، #©1¤tãuρ) ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ
א א מ
(4©®Lym، ’n?tã ، 4’s1y— ، ﺇﱃ،ÌÅ_$uΖptø:$# “t$s! )
א
ﻳﺪﻋ ٰﻰ َﺩَﻋﺎ: ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺄﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﳓﻮ
ﺯ ﱠﻛ ٰﻰ ﺯ ﹶﻛ ٰﻰ:ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺄﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﳓﻮ
ٰﺃﹶﳒﻰ ٰ
ﳒﻰ
אא
٩ islamweb.netאא
א
א א
!( ﻛﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ$uΖ≈u‹≈sÜyz،Νßγ≈u‹≈sÜyz،öΝä3≈u‹≈sÜyz)
( ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡÇ⎯1y‰yδ ô‰s%uρ)
( ﰲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢÒΟ‹Ïm§‘ Ö‘θàxî y7¯ΡÎ*sù ’ÎΤ$|Átã ô⎯tΒuρ)
(…çνtä.øŒr& ÷βr& ß⎯≈sÜø‹¤±9$# ωÎ) ε‹Ï⊥9t¡Σr& !$tΒuρ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﲟﺮﱘ$wŠÎ;tΡ ©Í_n=yèy_uρ |=≈tGÅ3ø9$# ©Í_9s?#u™ «!$# ߉ö7tã ’ÎoΤÎ) tΑ$s%)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞΝä39s?#u™ !$£ϑÏiΒ ×öyz ª!$# Ç⎯8s?#u™ !$yϑsù)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﱘ$|‹ym àMøΒߊ $tΒ Íο4θŸ2¨“9$#uρ Íο4θn=¢Á9$$Î/ ©Í_≈|¹÷ρr&uρ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓﺍﳉﺎﺛﻴﺔöΝåκèE$yϑtΒuρ ôΜèδ$u‹øt¤Χ [™!#uθy™ ÏM≈ysÎ=≈¢Á9$# (#θè=Ïϑtãuρ (#θãΖtΒ#u™ t⎦⎪Ï%©!$%x. óΟßγn=yèøgªΥ βr&)
.( ﺑﻄﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓy“#y‰èδ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﺳﻒy“#uθ÷WtΒ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡy“$u‹øtxΧuρ)
( ﻛﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﺀ$tƒö™”9$#،‘≈tƒö™â‘،x8$tƒö™â‘)}
;( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭο4θs3ô±Ïϑx.)
אא
١٠ islamweb.netאא
א
ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ) ($ªŠômr&uρ |N$tΒr& uθèδ …çµ¯Ρr&uρﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ
א
ﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ) (Èβ$yèôϑyfø9$# #u™ℜªs? $£ϑn=sùﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ
ﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ )‘ (#v™uﺇﺫﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ
ﳓﻮ ، ($Y6x.öθx. #11™1‘) :ﺃﻡ ﺿﻤﲑ ﳓﻮ (#11™1‘) :
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﳓﻮ (tyϑs)ø9$# #u™Χ‘ $£ϑn=sù) :
ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﳝﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﻭﻗﻔﺎ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻲ
‘ ( tβ#hhΧﺣﻴــﺚ ©u™!$1 —sø#Χ s−$11Ê —yŠ#ΧΧ s−$11t ){z>$11Û u™!%1` t∃%11{ z>%11
ﺟﺎﺀﺕ
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ )& ( ôMxî#y— ÷Πrﺑﺴﻮﺭﰐ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺹ
אא
١١ אאislamweb.net
א
ﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ )( 1!9#ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ،ﻫﻮﺩ ،ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ،ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ،ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ،ﻭﺍﻟـﺮﺍﺀ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ
) ( Χýϑ!9#ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺪ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ) ( þÈÿèΧ‹Χγ!2ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﱘ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ) (üΝ1mﰲ ﺳﻮﺭ ﻏﺎﻓﺮ ،ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ،ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ،ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ،ﺍﻟﺰﺧﺮﻑ ،ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ
،ﺍﳉﺎﺛﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻷﺣﻘﺎﻑ .
ﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺀ ) (1µ1Ûﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﻪ
ﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ) ( Οû¡1Û ، 4 ;§ΧÛﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ
ﺃﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ) ( ∩⊇∪ þ§1ƒ
אא
١٢ אאislamweb.net
א
א
(#“Χs? ،çµ1ΧΧtIøù$#،3“ΧtIøù$#) : ﳓﻮ
א א
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﺞt⎦⎫ÏÍ←!$©Ü=Ï9 ©ÉLø‹t/ #tÎdγsÛ βr&)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻮﺡÏM≈oΨÏΒ÷σßϑø9$#uρ t⎦⎫ÏΖÏΒ÷σßϑù=Ï9uρ $YΖÏΒ÷σãΒ _ÉLøŠt/ Ÿ≅yzyŠ ⎯yϑÏ9uρ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ$Z‹ÏΖym š⇓ö‘F{$#uρ ÅV≡uθ≈yϑ¡¡9$# tsÜsù “Ï%©#Ï9 ‘Îγô_uρ àMôγ§_uρ ’ÎoΤÎ))
( ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥÃ⎯yèt7¨?$# Ç⎯tΒuρ ¬! ‘Îγô_uρ àM÷Κn=ó™r& ö≅à)sù)
( ( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓy7n=çFø%L{ y7ø‹s9Î) “ωtƒ 7ÝÅ™$t6Î/ O$tΡr& $tΒ)
!« ( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ$# Èβρߊ ⎯ÏΒ È⎦÷⎫yγ≈s9Î) ’ÍhΓé&uρ ’ÎΤρä‹ÏƒªB$# Ĩ$¨Ζ=Ï9 |Mù=è% |MΡm&™)
( ﰲ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﻫﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺳﺒﺄωÎ) “Ìô_r& ÷βÎ))
© ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒÉë¨Β)
∪∉∩ ( ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥÈ⎦⎪ÏŠ ’Í<uρ ö/ä3ãΨƒÏŠ ö/ä3s9)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺹ¥Οù=Ïæ ô⎯ÏΒ ’Í< tβ%x. $tΒ)
≈⎯? ( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢsÜù=ß™ ⎯ÏiΒ Νä3ø‹n=tæ ’Í< tβ%x. $tΒuρ)
( ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﻪ3“t÷zé& Ü>Í‘$t↔tΒ $pκÏù ’Í<uρ)
אא
١٣ islamweb.netאא
א
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀš⎥⎫ÏΗ¿q≡§9$# ãΝymö‘r& |MΡr&uρ •‘Ø9$# ©Í_¡¡tΒ ’ÎoΤr& ÿ…çµ−/u‘ 3“«Š$tΡ øŒÎ) šU蕃r&uρ)
(šχθßsÎ=≈¢Á9$# “ÏŠ$t6Ïã $yγèOÌtƒ uÚö‘F{$# χr& Ìø.Ïe%!$# ω÷èt/ .⎯ÏΒ Í‘θç/•“9$# ’Îû $oΨö;tFŸ2 ô‰s)s9uρ)
ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑz⎯sÜt/ $tΒuρ $pκ÷]ÏΒ tyγsß $tΒ |·Ïm≡uθxø9$# ‘În/u‘ tΠ§ym $yϑ¯ΡÎ) ö≅è%)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑÈd,ysø9$# ÎötóÎ/ ÇÚö‘F{$# ’Îû šχρã¬6s3tGtƒ t⎦⎪Ï%©!$# ©ÉL≈tƒ#u™ ô⎯tã ß∃ÎñÀr'y™)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢnο4θn=¢Á9$# (#θßϑŠÉ)ム(#θãΖtΒ#u™ t⎦⎪Ï%©!$# “ÏŠ$t7ÏèÏj9 ≅è%)
ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕÈ(βρ߉ç7ôã$$sù }‘≈−ƒÎ*sù ×πyèÅ™≡uρ ©ÅÌö‘r& ¨βÎ) (#þθãΖtΒ#u™ t⎦⎪Ï%©!$# “ÏŠ$t7Ïè≈tƒ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﺒﺄâ‘θä3¤±9$# “ÏŠ$t6Ïã ô⎯ÏiΒ ×≅‹Î=s%uρ)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺹA>#x‹tãuρ 5=óÁãΖÎ/ ß⎯≈sÜø‹¤±9$# ©Í_¡¡tΒ ’ÎoΤr& ÿ…çµ−/u‘ 3“ªŠ$tΡ øŒÎ) z>蕃r& !$tΡy‰ö7tã öä.øŒ$#uρ)
،(ÿ⎯ÍνÎhàÑ àM≈xϱ≈x. £⎯èδ ö≅yδ AhÛØÎ/ ª!$# ’ÎΤyŠ#u‘r& ÷βÎ) «!$# Èβρߊ ⎯ÏΒ tβθããô‰s? $¨Β ΟçF÷ƒu™tsùr& ö≅è%)
!«( ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﺮ$# ÏπuΗ÷q§‘ ⎯ÏΒ (#θäÜuΖø)s? Ÿω öΝÎγÅ¡àΡr& #’n?tã (#θèùuó r& t⎦⎪Ï%©!$# “ÏŠ$t7Ïè≈tƒ ö≅è%)
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ$oΨuΗ¿qu‘ ÷ρr& ü©Éë¨Β ⎯tΒuρ ª!$# ©Í_s3n=÷δr& ÷βÎ) óΟçF÷ƒu™u‘r& ö≅è%)
אא
١٤ islamweb.netאא
א
א
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ5Α$yϑÎ/ ⎯Çh⎯Ρüρ‘‰Ïϑè?r& tΑ$s% z⎯≈yϑø‹n=ß™ u™!%ª` $£ϑn=sù)
⎯(ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻼ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞÏÏ™!$tãߊ ö≅¬6s)s?uρ $oΨ−/u‘ 4 ©ÉL−ƒÍh‘èŒ ⎯ÏΒuρ Íο4θn=¢Á9$# zΟŠÉ)ãΒ ©Í_ù=yèô_$# Éb>u‘)
א
( ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔΝä39s?#u™ !$£ϑÏiΒ ×öyz ª!$# Ç⎯8s?#u™ !$yϑsù)
אא
١٥ islamweb.netאא
א
א א
) (#·σøà2، #Yτö“èδﻗﺮﺃ ﻤﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ
) (šVθãŠÈ6ø9$#ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻨﻜﺮﺓ .
)‘ ( 8∃çτuﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ.
) ? ( ß#¨)s=sﰲ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻃﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ
) (iÇ©o_ç6≈tƒﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ﻫﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎﺕ
) (#Mô³oΡﻗﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﲔ.
)) ، $yγÏiΒÎ) ، ÏdΘÎﻭ ( öΝà6ÏG≈yγ¨ΒÎ) ، ϵÏiΒÄ∼⊗sùﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨـﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣـﺮ
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ .
) (ylθã_$tΒuρ ylθã_$tƒﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ .
) ($£ϑÏètΖsùﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ
)? (£⎯èδθ¡#⊗⊗zzϑèﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪ
( ÏN≡uθøÜäz)ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﺈﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ
) (%Y{θãŠÅ©، £⎯ÍκÍ5θãŠÅ_ ، 5χθã‹Ïãuρ ، Èβθã‹Ïèø9$# ، É>θã‹ÉÁóø9$#ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻐـﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﲔ ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﲔ
ﻭﺍﳉﻴﻢ.
אא
١٦ אאislamweb.net