Cloning

What is? Cloning in biology is the process of producing genetically

identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms.

Types: Natural cloning; induced cloning; reproductive cloning

Natural cloning: Natural cloning is common in organisms that originate by asexual reproduction. Is more common in bacteria and unicellular beings, but can be in mammals. In the Natural cloning the beings resulting have the same gene. Induced cloning: Induced cloning is the process in which is removed from a cell nucleus, and from a ovule the membrane. After, the both are put on the surrogacy. It is a form of asexual reproduction in laboratory, in which one mother-cell produce one or more cells identical to each other and the original cell too. Induced cloning is a technique of genetic engineering, and is used in animals and vegetables that are used in scientific researches. The beings resulting have the same genetics features of original being. Reproductive cloning: In this case, the nucleus of an adult cell is inserted into the empty ovum and transferred to a rental uterus, in order to generate a fetus genetically identical to de donors genetic material.

Benefits:
Rejuvenation: The scientists thinks that with cloning they might be possible to reverse the aging process; Test some genetic diseases: The cloning can be used to test and maybe cure some genetic diseases; Endangered animals could be saved; Infertility cases: People who are infertile could have children; Cure of leukemia;

Sheep Dolly
In 1997 a group of scots scientists announced the first cloning of adult mammal for six years old. In this experiment, scientists used a mammary gland cell, whose nucleus was removed and transferred for enucleated ovum. The experiment was a success, but while the sheep live about 11 years, Dolly dead with 6 years old after appear diseases associated with an old age. Dolly had four puppies, and this notice was very great because the scientists have proven that cloned animal isnt sterile.