TN 5: PHNG PHAP

CHUAN O OXY HOA KH

5.1 PP PERMANGANATE:
Chuan o DD KMnO
4
bang
H
2
C
2
O
4
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
Burette
(C)
Erlen
(X)
5.2 PP DICHROMATE:
Chuan o DD Na
2
S
2
O
3
bang
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
PHUONG PHP CHUAN Q OXI HO KH
Nguyn tc chung
lnh luong cht cn xc dnh dua trn cc phn
ng oxi ho kh.
Xc dnh cc cht c tnh oxi ha hay c tnh kh
Ec yu cu ca phn ng khi dnh lng
!hn ng phi nhanh
!hn ng nhay v xy ra hon ton theo mt chiu.
!hn ng c tnh chon loc
Xc dnh duoc dim cui (bng chi th din cuc).
PHUONG PHP CHUAN Q OXI HO KH
Nhuc dim ca phuong php
!hn ng phc tap nhiu giai doan tc d chm.
h xc dnh duoc dim tuong duong
Mt s dung dch chun (nht l cc cht kh) khng
bn kh bo qun.
Cc bin php Im tng tc d phn ng
%gng nhit d: tgng 10
o
C th tc d tgng 2 3 ln.
%gng nng d: Cho du thuc th (chun d nguoc).
Dng cht xc tc: tgng dng k tc d phn ng
PHUONG PHP CHUAN Q OXI HO KH
CHT CH TH[ OXI HO KH
[nh ngha
Cht chi th oxi ha kh l mt cht m dang oxi ha
v dang kh lin hop ca n c mu khc nhau.
Mc dch: Xc dnh dim kt thc chun d.
Yu cu ca cht chi th[
%hay di mu tc thi tai ln cn dim tuong duong.
C d nhay cao
Nn c tnh thun nghch (khng bt buc)
CC DANG CH TH[ OXI HA KH
Cht chun t chi th[: cht chun dng vai tr cht
chi th.
KMnO
4
l cht chun oxi ha t ch th v mt git
tha KMnO
4
(> 0,05 N) s lm dung dch ha hng.
Cht chi th[ tao hp cht mu vi thuc th:
h th h tinh bt to mu xanh dm vi I
2
.
Cht chi th[ oxi ha thun ngh[ch: l chi th c mu
khc nhau gia dang oxi ha v dang kh lin hop.
h th diphenylamine trong php K
2
r
2
O
7
.
CC PP OXI HA KH THNG DUNG
Phuong php KMnO
4
.
Phuong php K
2
Cr
2
O
7
!huong php Ce
4+
!huong php BrO
3
v BrO
3
Br
Phuong php I
2
v Na
2
S
2
O
3
.
!huong php O
3
O
4
.
!huong php Nitrit NaNO
2
!huong php Fe
2+
!huong php %i
3+
!huong php Sn
2+
PHNG PHAP
CHUAN O OXY HOA
KH
5.1 PP PERMANGANATE:
Chuan o DD KMnO
4
bang
H
2
C
2
O
4
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
Burette
(C)
Erlen
(X)
PP PERMANGANATE:
Chun d KMnO
4
bng H
2
C
2
O
4
Dung dch MnO
4
c tnh oxi ho manh
%hung duoc s dung lm dd chun oxi ho
Dang tinh th mu den
c nh kim
Dang DD c mu tm hng
dm (trung tnh v axt)
PP PERMANGANATE:
Chun d KMnO
4
bng H
2
C
2
O
4
v E OH MnO e O H MnO
v E O H MnO e H MnO
60 . 0 , 4 3 2
69 . 1 , 2 3 4
0
2 2 4
0
2 2 4
G F
G F


h ngng oxy ha ca MnO
4
th hin qua th oxy ho kh:
v E O H Mn e H MnO 1 . 1 , 4
0
2
2
4
F

+ %rong mi trung axit manh MnO
4
-
chuyn thnh Mn
2+
+ %rong mi trung axit yu trung tnh hay kim yu
MnO
4
-
chuyn thnh MnO
2
:
PP permanganat thung dng trong mi trung axit manh
T chi th[ v mu d tm dm ca ion MnO
4
-
PP PERMANGANATE:
Chun d KMnO
4
bng H
2
C
2
O
4
O H 8 CO 10 Mn H 16 O C 5 MnO 2
2 2
2 2
4 2 4
F

v E O C e CO
v E O H Mn e H MnO
o
49 . 0 , 2 2
1 . 1 , 4
2
4 2 2
0
2
2
4
F
F

Hng s cn bng ca phn ng oxy ho kh phu thuc vo
su chnh lch th ca hai di oxy ho kh:
Phn ng xy ra hon ton theo chiu mong mun
%huc nghim cho thy:
!hn ng xy ra kh chm lanh nn cn dun nng.
Mn
2+
xc tc cho phn ng.
H
2
C
2
O
4
b phn hu nhit d cao hon 80
o
C.
PP PERMANGANATE:
Chun d KMnO
4
bng H
2
C
2
O
4
l axit ca mi trung dng vai tr quan trong
Cn lua chon axit thch hop d trnh gy nhiu ln
phn ng chun d
Axit nitric c tnh oxy ho
Axit clohydric c tnh kh d b MnO
4
oxy ho
Axit sunphuric long khng th hin tnh oxy ho hay
kh
%hung s dung H
2
SO
4
Iong d tao mi trung axit
v E O H NO e H NO 96 . 0 , 2 3 4
0
2 3
F

v E Cl e Cl 36 . 1 , 2 2
0
2
F

50
40
30
20
10
0
50
40
30
20
10
0
5,00 mI
dd H
2
C
2
O
4
0.0200N
+
20 mI
nc
nong
+
5 mI
H
2
SO
4
(1:5)
Dd KMnO
4
Mau
hong
nhat
Chuan o DD
KMnO
4
bang H
2
C
2
O
4
Chuan o DD
KMnO
4
bang H
2
C
2
O
4
Mu dim cui
PHNG PHAP
CHUAN O OXY HOA
KH
4.2 PP DICHROMATE:
Chuan o DD
Na
2
S
2
O
3
bang
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
Burette
(C)
Erlen
(X)

2
Cr
2
O
7
l cht oxy ho manh trong mi trung axit:
v E O H Cr e H O Cr 33 . 1 , 7 2 6 14
0
2
3 2
7 2
F

Na
2
S
2
O
3
l cht kh manh tham gia phn ng v chuyn
thnh S
4
O
6
2-
hay SO
4
2-
Chuan o DD Na
2
S
2
O
3
bang
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
v E O H O S e H SO
v E O S e O S
29 . 0 , 10 2
09 . 0 , 2 2
0
2
2
3 2
2
4
0 2
3 2
2
6 4
F
F


%huc t khng th chun d truc tip Na
2
S
2
O
3
bng
2
Cr
2
O
7
v:
!hn ng khng hop thc v c nhiu sn phm khc nhau
hng c chi th thch hop d xc dnh dim kt thc
Chi c th xc d[nh gin tip Na
2
S
2
O
3
bng K
2
Cr
2
O
7
bng phuong php th
v E O H Cr e H O Cr
v E O S e O S
v E I e I
v E I e I
33 . 1 , 7 2 6 14
09 . 0 , 2 2
4 . 0 , 3 2
621 . 0 , 2 2
0
2
3 2
7 2
0 2
3 2
2
6 4
0
3
0
2
F
F
F
F

F
F
2
6 4
2
3 2 3
2 3
3 2
7 2
3 2
7 2 14 9
O S I O S I
O H I Cr H I O Cr
2
7 2
O Cr
2
3 2
O S

I
2
I
Chuan o DD Na
2
S
2
O
3
bang
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Xc dnh Na
2
S
2
O
3
bng
2
Cr
2
O
7
bng phuong php th
thng qua cp oxy ho kh
3
-
/3
-:
+ Xc d[nh dim kt thc chun d thng qua chi th[ h tinh bt
+ Thung b[ sai s thiu do tht thot I
3
-
chun nhanh
PP DICROMAT:
Chun d Na
2
S
2
O
3
bng K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Cu trc tinh bt
!hc tinh bt
3
-
Bin di mu sc ca dd
3
-
khi c
h tinh bt
5,00 mI
ddK
2
Cr
2
O
7
+
20 mI
nc
cat
+
5 mI
HCI (1:1)
Mat
mau
xanh
50
40
30
20
10
0
5mI dd KI
10%
Dd
Na
2
S
2
O
3
50
40
30
20
10
0
Dd
Na
2
S
2
O
3
3-4 giot
Ho
tinh
bot
Chuan o DD Na
2
S
2
O
3
bang K
2
Cr
2
O
7
PP DICROMAT:
Chun d Na
2
S
2
O
3
bng K
2
Cr
2
O
7
1
2
3
4
5
PP DICROMAT:
Chun d Na
2
S
2
O
3
bng K
2
Cr
2
O
7
6
7
8
Chuan o DD Na
2
S
2
O
3
bang K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Mu dim cui