2007 Biofuels & Feedstocks

Prospects & Challenges of Biomass & Biofuels usage in Power Generation

Introduction
Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the worlds energy demand. (1) Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2 neutral. More economically viable now with CDM and CER certs sale (for certain situations - primarily on methane emission reduction).

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Abundant Biomass resources in Asia

More than 30% of the worlds Biomass resources located in Asia. Cost competitive rates for labor input and transportation.
(1)

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Various technologies and options available

Direct Biomass combustion Generation of electricity through heat & steam

(2)

Biomass Liquefaction via Pyrolysis Power generation by combustion of pyrolysis oil

(2)

Gasification of Biomass Power generation using derived producer gas

(2)

Organic plant based oil (i.e. Crude Palm Oil - CPO) Generation of electricity using CPO

(4)

Biogas anaerobic digestion Power generation using scrubbed methane gas

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Biomass Combustion
Relatively established and proven technologies Economically viable for sizes between 6MWe to 15MWe

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Economical viability of Biomass combustion

Example from a high cost country: Japan Fuel cost around 5000 yen (USD 42) per ton wood waste Construction cost USD 2.7 million per MWe Electricity selling price USD 12.5 cents per kWh Estimated break-even (payback) time is 6 years

Eg. low cost: Malaysia EFB fuel USD 6.3 USD 1.8 mio MWe Elect sell USD 6.4c Breakeven 7 yrs

Viable without subsidy

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Prospective segments & challenges

(2)

Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to: Industrial Factories owners Plantation/Mill owners Sugar cane (Bagasse) Rice (Rice Husks) Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes) Corn (Corn Wastes) Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells) Cassava (Roots, Stems) Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for factory use Main challenges: securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity
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Biomass Liquefaction via Pyrolysis

A process similar to Gasification Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical generation
(4)

Ref. (3)

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Economical viability of pyrolysis oil

Quick Comparision Crude oil (fossil) at USD 50 per barrel ~ USD 12 per GJ
(4)

EFB pyrolysis oil ~ USD 8 per GJ

(4)

Suitable for factory

Ref. (4)

process heat & electric

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Prospective segments & challenges

Example solution for EFB pyrolysis oil
Ref. (4)

Attractive to Palm Oil Mill owners

Coverts EFB wastes into Bio-oil CER credit for better profitability Closed cycle for mills waste If tap POME for Biogas

Main challenge: Need cheap electricity supply for the pyrolysis process (can be obtained from Biogas plant)
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Gasification of Biomass
Obtain producer gas (syngas) through heating of Biomass in limited oxygen condition Stoichiometric (normal) combustion has air-to-fuel ratio of 6:1 Sub-stoichiometric (gasification) has air-to-fuel ratio of 1.5:1 Syngas: H2 20%, CO2 12%, CH4 3%, CO 20%, balance N2

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Economical viability of Biomass Gasification

Ref. (5)

USD 25 per ton USD 35 per ton USD 16 per ton

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Prospective segments & challenges

Small sized Biomass Gasifiers Suitable for remote electrification using wood chips / blocks Ideal for small factories, mills Electricity, process heat

Main challenges: Small sized biomass needs to be briquetted. Maintenance in remote region can be difficult and expensive

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Organic plant based oil Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Ref. (6)

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Economical viability of CPO

Ref. (7)

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Challenges Evironmental issues

"... carbon released from peat swamps in Indonesia and Malaysia that had been drained and burned to plant palm oil trees." (8) "The four-year study found that ... those 2 billion tons of CO2 account for 8 percent of the world's fossil fuel emissions." (8) "Major power companies are divided on whether to continue or pursue palm oil generation." (8)

Suitable situations & segments for Biofuels use Non-productive land, plant Jatropha Small scale CPO for electricity generation Biofuels use in transportation vehicles Vehicles difficult to be carbon neutral Helps to reduce air pollution
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Biogas anaerobic digestion

Ref. (9)

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Large Biogas System - Material Flow Chart

Fermentation Reactor External Desulfurization CHP
Biogas Substrate

Pre Tank

Thermal Energy

Solid Dosage Unit Post Fermentation Reactor

Transformer

Current

Storage Tank
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Substrate storage and utilization

Output substrate is stabilized and can be applied to fields as a liquid fertilizer. Rich in nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and other trace elements.

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Project references

Large Biogas Jterbog 1.700 kW el. Grna 625 kW el. Schwanebeck 625 kW el. Gollensdorf 625 kW el. Lbau 716 kW el.

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Prospective segments & challenges

Large sized Biogas system Suitable for plantations, mills and factories that has organic solid wastes or waste water. Able to produce large amount of electricity and heat from animal manure too. Connect to the grid or for internal factory use. Main challenge: Long term supply of organic feedstock at reasonable price

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SunTechnics is Europes largest and fastest growing system integrator for renewable energy

Company: Founded 1996 by Hans-Martin Rter Hamburg, Germany Experience out of 5000 power plants between 20 W and 20 MW Part of the Conergy group over 1400 employees worldwide Fast global expansion

Renewable Energy
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SunTechnics focuses on the demand of customers

Our business:

Systems: Photovoltaic Solar Thermal / Cooling Bioenergy Small Wind and hydro power

Renewable Energy
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Engineering Distribution Installation Maintenance

Each customer demands individual solutions we deliver the corresponding renewable energy technology

Off-grid systems Off-grid systems

Mini-grids Mini-grids

Medium-sized Medium-sized systems systems

Solar thermal Solar thermal

Large-scale Large-scale installations installations

Special installations Special installations

Bio Small Scale Bio Small Scale

Bio Large Scale Bio Large Scale

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We provide customer service and support in all stages

First contact

Engineering / Planning

Distribution

System installation

After sales service

Service and maintenance

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SunTechnics is an important part of the global acting Conergy Group

DMS&CS*

Engineering

Projects

| Wholesalers | Resellers

| End customers | Project customers

| Private investors | Institutional investors

* Development, Manufacturing, Sales & Central Services

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References
(1) Curbing Global Warming by Increasing the Economic Value of Forests, Biomass Energy. [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST] Planning and Installing Bioenergy Systems. A guide for installers, architects and engineers. [The German Solar Energy Society (DGS), Ecofys 2005] Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Biomass Program] http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.html Genting Bio-Oil Sdn. Bhd. Cost of Electricity Generation by Biomass-based Power Stations. [D.E.S.I. Power] http://www.desipower.com/economics/cost_electricity.htm Power Generation from Palm Oil. A UNIDO Initiative. [Dipl.Ing. Walter Danner] http://www.ics.trieste.it/Documents/Downloads/df4334.pdf Development of Renewable Energy in Malaysia. [Ah Ngan Ma, Yuen May Choo, Kien Yoo Cheah, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)] http://www.ics.trieste.it/Documents/Downloads/df1637.pdf Scientists Weigh Downside of Palm Oil. [By ARTHUR MAX, Associated Press Writer] http://www.physorg.com/news94654007.html Asia hits the gas. Biogas from anaerobic digestion rolls out across Asia. [Wim J. van Nes, Renewable Energy World. Jan-Feb 2006]

(2)

(3)

(4) (5)

(6)

(7)

(8) (9)

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Thank you for your attention.

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