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  • Pyelonephritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Kidney Infection

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    Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that reaches the kidneys. It causes signs like fever, abdominal pain, dysuria, and costovertebral angle tenderness. It is typically caused by E. coli entering the urinary tract from the bowels. Treatment involves intravenous antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or ampicillin plus gentamicin to fight the infection, intravenous fluids, and monitoring of symptoms. Left untreated, it can cause kidney damage or shock.

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    Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that reaches the kidneys. It causes signs like fever, abdominal pain, dysuria, and costovertebral angle tenderness. It is typically caused by E. coli entering the urinary tract from the bowels. Treatment involves intravenous antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or ampicillin plus gentamicin to fight the infection, intravenous fluids, and monitoring of symptoms. Left untreated, it can cause kidney damage or shock.

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    35 views12 pages

    Pyelonephritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Kidney Infection

    Uploaded by

    ngee_markpatrick
    Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that reaches the kidneys. It causes signs like fever, abdominal pain, dysuria, and costovertebral angle tenderness. It is typically caused by E. coli entering the urinary tract from the bowels. Treatment involves intravenous antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or ampicillin plus gentamicin to fight the infection, intravenous fluids, and monitoring of symptoms. Left untreated, it can cause kidney damage or shock.

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    of 12

    PYELO NEPHRITIS

    Phylonephritis:
    Is

    an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pelvis of the kidney. Pyelitis Termed urosepsis if the infection is severe.

    Signs and Symptoms:


    Dysuria An urgent and frequency to urinate Abdominal pain Costovertebral angle tenderness Fever Chills Headache Nausea and vomiting

    Fever Raised heart beat Rapid breathing Decreased BP May lead to shock

    DIAGNOSIS:
    Urine

    Dipstick test of the urine (UA)

    Culture Blood

    Culture

    Most community- acquired pyelonephritis are due to bowel organism that enter the urinary tract.

    E.Coli 70-80% Enterococcus faecalis Coliforms and enterococci

    Most cases of pyelonephritis start off as lower urinary tract infection

    Cystitis- inflammation of the bladder characterized by dysuria,increased urinary urgency and urinary frequency. Prostatitis- inflammation of the prostate gland.

    PATHOLOGY

    Acute pyelonephritis is an exudative purulent localized inflammation of the renal pelvis (pyelum) and the kidney. The renal parenchyma presents in suppurative necrosis, containing in purulent exudate Tubules are damaged by exudate and may contain neutrophil cast. Chronic infections can result in fibrosis and scarring.

    TREATMENT

    Antibiotics are the main stay of treatment. Mild cases may be treated with oral therapy but generally intravenous antibiotics are required for the initial stages of treatment. All acute cases with spiking fevers and leukocytosis should be admitted to the hospital for IV fluids hydration and IV antibiotic treatment immediately. s t Ciprofloxacin IV 400mg q12 is the 1 treatment of choice. Alternatively ampicillin IV 2g q 6hrs plus gentamicin IV 1 mg/kg q8 also provide excellent coverage.

    If the patient is pregnant, ampicillin/gentamycin combination is the tx of choice as ciprofloxacin is contraindicated. During the course of tx WBC and temperature should be monitored. Intravenous fluid may be administer to compensate for the reduced oral intake, sensible losses (due to raised temperature) and to maximized urine output.

    The Urinary System

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