Professional Documents
Culture Documents
43.bohr's Theory and Physics of Atom
43.bohr's Theory and Physics of Atom
CHAPTER 43
1.
2.
3.
a0 =
0 h2
me
A 2 T 2 (ML2 T 1 )2
L MLT M(AT)
M2L4 T 2
M2L3 T 2
a)
R 2
2
n
1
2
1
1 1
1.1 107
1
1
1
7
8
=
b)
z2R 2
2
n1 n2
1
91 nm
= 23 nm
4
1.1 10 7 z2
1
1
c)
z2R 2
2
n
1
2
91 nm 91
=
= 10 nm
9
z2
=
4.
Rydbergs constant =
31
me = 9.1 10
or, R =
5.
me 4
8h3 C02
19
kg, e = 1.6 10
c, h = 6.63 10
34
= 1.097 10 m
n1 = 2, n2 =
13.6 13.6
1
1
E =
13.6 2 2
2
2
n1
n2
n2
n1
= 13.6 (1/ 1/4) = 13.6/4 = 3.4 eV
43.1
12
6.
a) n = 1, r =
=
0.53n
A
Z
0.53 1
= 0.265 A
2
13.6z2
13.6 4
= 54.4 eV
1
0.53 16
= 4.24 A
b) n = 4, r =
2
13.6 4
=
= 3.4 eV
164
0.53 100
= 26.5 A
c) n = 10, r =
2
13.6 4
=
= 0.544 A
100
As the light emitted lies in ultraviolet range the line lies in hyman series.
1
1
1
R 2 2
n1 n2
=
7.
0h n
mZe2
n2
1
102.5 10
109
102
1.1 107 (1 1/ n22 )
1.1 107 (1 1/ n22 )
102.5
102.5
1
100
1
1 100
1 2
2
102.5
1.1
102.5
1.1
n2
n2
8.
9.
n2 = 2.97 = 3.
a) First excitation potential of
+
2
He = 10.2 z = 10.2 4 = 40.8 V
++
b) Ionization potential of L1
2
= 13.6 V z = 13.6 9 = 122.4 V
n1 = 4 n2 = 2
n1 = 4 3 2
1
1 1
1.097 107
16 4
1
1.097 107 3
1 4
1.097 107
16
16
16 10 7
7
= 4.8617 10
3 1.097
9
= 1.861 10 = 487 nm
n1 = 4 and n2 = 3
1
1 1
1.097 107
16 9
=
1
1.097 107 7
9 16
1.097 107
144
144
144
=
= 1875 nm
7 1.097 107
n1 = 3 n2 = 2
1
1 1
1.097 107
9 4
43.2
1
1.097 10 5
49
1.097 107
66
36
36 10 7
= 656 nm
5 1.097
10. = 228 A
=
228 10 10
The transition takes place form n = 1 to n = 2
2
16
Now, ex. 13.6 3/4 z = 0.0872 10
E=
z =
0.0872 10 16 4
13.6 3 1.6 10 19
= 5.3
z = 5.3 = 2.3
The ion may be Helium.
q1q2
11. F =
40r 2
[Smallest dist. Between the electron and nucleus in the radius of first Bohrs orbit]
n
n
1
2
=
1
1 1
1
1.097 107 2 2 1.097 107 1
4
1
2
4
10 7
1.097 3
7
9
= 1.215 10 = 121.5 10 = 122 nm.
13.6
14. Energy at n = 6, E =
= 0.3777777
36
Energy in groundstate = 13.6 eV
Energy emitted in Second transition = 13.6 (0.37777 + 1.13)
= 12.09 = 12.1 eV
b) Energy in the intermediate state = 1.13 ev + 0.0377777
= 1.507777 =
13.6 z2
n
13.6
n2
13.6
= 3.03 = 3 = n.
1.507
15. The potential energy of a hydrogen atom is zero in ground state.
An electron is board to the nucleus with energy 13.6 ev.,
Show we have to give energy of 13.6 ev. To cancel that energy.
Then additional 10.2 ev. is required to attain first excited state.
Total energy of an atom in the first excited state is = 13.6 ev. + 10.2 ev. = 23.8 ev.
or, n =
43.3
= 27 ev.
46
1
46 10 9
hc 4.14 10 15 3 108
= 12 ev.
II
103.5
1 6.63 10 34
17
= 0.413 10
rad/s = 4.13 10
17
rad/s.
19. The range of Balmer series is 656.3 nm to 365 nm. It can resolve and + if / = 8000.
656.3 365
No.of wavelengths in the range =
= 36
8000
Total no.of lines 36 + 2 = 38 [extra two is for first and last wavelength]
20. a) n1 = 1, n2 = 3, E = 13.6 (1/1 1/9) = 13.6 8/9 = hc/
9
13.6 8
b) As n changes by 2, we may consider n = 2 to n = 4
1242
or = 487 nm.
then E = 13.6 (1/4 1/16) = 2.55 ev and 2.55 =
V0
21. Frequency of the revolution in the ground state is
2r0
or,
C2r0
V0
C2r0
= 45.686 nm = 45.7 nm.
V0
5
22. KE = 3/2 KT = 1.5 KT, K = 8.62 10 eV/k, Binding Energy = 13.6 (1/ 1/1) = 13.6 eV.
According to the question, 1.5 KT = 13.6
5
1.5 8.62 10 T = 13.6
13.6
5
T=
= 1.05 10 K
1.5 8.62 10 5
+
No, because the molecule exists an H2 which is impossible.
5
23. K = 8.62 10 eV/k
K.E. of H2 molecules = 3/2 KT
Energy released, when atom goes from ground state to no = 3
13.6 (1/1 1/9) 3/2 KT = 13.6(1/1 1/9)
13.6 8
5
3/2 8.62 10 T =
9
5
4
4
T = 0.9349 10 = 9.349 10 = 9.4 10 K.
43.4
24. n = 2, T = 10
Frequency =
me 4
402n3h3
4o2n3h3
me
19
= 12247.735 10 sec.
4 (8.85)2 23 (6.63)3
9.1 (1.6)
10 8
No.of revolutions =
me 4
402h3n3
( r02n2 )
10 24 10 102
10 76
12247.735 10 19
6
= 8.2 10 revolution.
25. Dipole moment ()
= n i A = 1 q/t A = qfA
=
= 8.16 10
me5 ( r02n2 )
402h3n3
= 0.0009176 10
20
24
= 9.176 10
A-m.
e me 4 rn2n2
402h3n3
nh
2
Since the ratio of magnetic dipole moment and angular momentum is independent of Z.
Hence it is an universal constant.
Angular momentum = mvr =
Ratio =
e5 m r02n2
240h3n3
= 8.73 10
10
2
(1.6 10 19 )5 (9.1 10 31 ) (3.14)2 (0.53 10 10 )2
nh
2 (8.85 1012 )2 (6.63 10 34 )4 12
C/kg.
1242
= 2.76 ev
450
1242
= 2.258 = 2.26 ev.
550
1242
100
a) The possible transitions may be E1 to E2
E1 to E2, energy absorbed = 10.2 eV
Energy left = 12.42 10.2 = 2.22 eV
hc 1242
or
= 559.45 = 560 nm
2.22 eV =
0.32
E3 to E4, Energy absorbed = 0.65
Energy left = 12.42 0.65 = 11.77 eV
1242
hc 1242
or
=
= 105.52
11.77 =
11.77
b) The energy absorbed by the H atom is now radiated perpendicular to the incident beam.
hc
1242
10.2 =
or =
= 121.76 nm
10.2
1242
hc
12.1 =
or =
= 102.64 nm
12.1
0.65 =
hc
1242
or =
= 1910.76 nm
0.65
31. = 1.9 eV
a) The hydrogen is ionized
n1 = 1, n2 =
2
2
Energy required for ionization = 13.6 (1/n1 1/n2 ) = 13.6
hc
1.9 = 13.6 = 80.1 nm = 80 nm.
4
32. The given wavelength in Balmer series.
The first line, which requires minimum energy is from n1 = 3 to n2 = 2.
The energy should be equal to the energy required for transition from ground state to n = 3.
i.e. E = 13.6 [1 (1/9)] = 12.09 eV
Minimum value of electric field = 12.09 v/m = 12.1 v/m
43.6
2E
m
(3)
v =
v=
4E 4 13.6 1.6 10 19
m
1.67 10 27
4 13.6 1.6 10 19
27
= 7.2 10 m/s.
1.67 10
2
35. Energy of the neutron is mv .
2
The condition for inelastic collision is mv > 2E
2
E = mv
E is the energy absorbed.
Energy required for first excited state is 10.2 ev.
E < 10.2 ev
4 10.2
ev
m
1.67 10 27
36. a) = 656.3 nm
= 6 10 m/sec.
hc 1 h
6.63 10 34
25
27
=
= 0.01 10 = 1 10 kg-m/s
c
656.3 10 9
27
27
b) 1 10 = 1.67 10 v
v = 1/1.67 = 0.598 = 0.6 m/s
Momentum P = E/C =
c) KE of atom = 1.67 10
27
(0.6) =
0.3006 10 27
19
ev = 1.9 10
1.6 10
37. Difference in energy in the transition from n = 3 to n = 2 is 1.89 ev.
Let recoil energy be E.
2
2
19
me [V2 V3 ] + E = 1.89 ev 1.89 1.6 10 J
ev.
2187 2 2187 2
1
19
9.1 1031
E = 3.024 10 J
2
2
3
19
25
E = 3.024 10 3.0225 10
38. n1 = 2, n2 = 3
Energy possessed by H light
2
2
= 13.6 (1/n1 1/n2 ) = 13.6 (1/4 1/9) = 1.89 eV.
For H light to be able to emit photoelectrons from a metal the work function must be greater than or
equal to 1.89 ev.
43.7
+
Maximum KE of photoelectrons emitted
= Energy of Photons Work function of metal.
= 13.6 eV 1.9 eV = 11.7 eV
41. = 440 nm, e = Charge of an electron, = 2 eV, V0 = stopping potential.
hc
4.14 10 15 3 108
2eV eV0
eV0
440 10 9
eV0 = 0.823 eV V0 = 0.823 volts.
24
42. Mass of Earth = Me = 6.0 10 kg
30
Mass of Sun = Ms = 2.0 10 kg
11
Earth Sun dist = 1.5 10 m
We have,
mvr =
nh
n2h2
2 2 2
or, m v r =
2
42
GMeMs
Mev 2
2
or v = GMs/r
r
r2
(1)
(2)
n2h2
We get Me r =
42GMs
for n = 1
h2
r=
4 GMsMe2
2
b) n =
= 2.29 10
138
Me2 r 4 2 G Ms
h2
m = 2.3 10
m.
74
= 2.5 10 .
nh
z
43. meVr =
138
(1)
me V 2
GMn
2
(2)
r
r
r
Squaring (2) and dividing it with (1)
GMnMe
2
m2e v 2r 2
=
=
n2h2r
2
4 Gmn
nh
2rme
me r =
n2h2r
2
4 Gmn
r=
n2h2r
2
4 Gmnme2
from (1)
nh4 2 GMnM2e
2 2
2Me n h
2GMnMe
nh
KE =
(2GMnMe )2 42 G2Mn2M3e
1
1
me V 2 me
2
2
nh
2n2h2
PE =
r
n2h2
n2h2
Total energy = KE + PE
22 G2Mn2M3e
2n2h2
43.8
nh
.
2eB
nh
mv
,r=
2
qB
Substituting the value of r in (1)
mv nh
mv
qB 2
c) mvr =
m2 v 2
nheB
[n = 1, q = e]
2
heB
heB
or v =
.
2m2
2m2
45. even quantum numbers are allowed
n1 = 2, n2 = 4 For minimum energy or for longest possible wavelength.
1
1
1
1
E = 13.6 2 2 13.6 2 2 = 2.55
n
n
2
4
1
2
v2
hc
hc
1242
=
= 487.05 nm = 487 nm
2.55 2.55
46. Velocity of hydrogen atom in state n = u
Also the velocity of photon = u
But u << C
Here the photon is emitted as a wave.
So its velocity is same as that of hydrogen atom i.e. u.
According to Dopplers effect
1 u / c
frequency v = v 0
1 u / c
u
as u <<< C
1 q
c
1 u / c
u
u
v = v0
v 0 1 v = v 0 1
1
c
c
2.55 =
43.9