Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

NGHIN CU PHI TRN CHI TOSAN GELATI N LM MNG BAO THC PHM BAO GI BO QUN PHI L C NG I DNG
L Th Minh Thy1

ABS TRACT
This study created 15 chitosan-gelatin film with the Sodium benzoate supplementory for packaging aquatic product. The results of this films ( strength, elongation) are determinated and chosen two optimal films were selected in this study, they are the film with chitosan/gelatin = 60/40 ratio and the CGB3-2 film (chitosan/gelatin/Sodium benzoate =60/40/0,1% ratio). The effects of application for the Tuna fillet packaging are identified, anti-bacteria capability (aerobic microorganism total from 3,5x103 reduce 1,5x103 (packaging by CG3) and 0,16x103 (packaging by CGB3- 0.1) and the restriction of histamines increas (from 39ppm reduce 36ppm when packaging by CG3 and 34ppm when packaging by CGB3-0.1) .
Keywords: chitosan, gelatin, film, tuna fish Tittle: Study on the mixture of chitosan and gelatin to produce film for packaging tuna (Thunnus sp.) fillet

TM TT
Nghin cu to 15 mng mng t chitosan, gelatin v natri benzoate vi cc t l phi trn khc nhau bo qun nguyn liu thy sn. Kt qu v ch tiu c l nh sc cng, gin chn c 2 mng mng ti u l mng CG3 (t l phi trn chitosan / gelatin = 60/40) v mng CGB3-2 (t l phi trn chitosan / gelatin / natri benzoate = 60/40/0,1%). Dng 2 mng mng ny bao gi bo qun phi l c ng i dng cho thy sn phm c bao gi bng mng c kh nng khng khun, lng vi sinh vt hiu kh trn b mt sn phm t 3,5x103 cfu/cm2 gim cn 1,5x103 cfu/cm2 v 1,6x102 cfu/cm2 khi bao gi bng mng CG3 v CGB3-2 v hm lng histamin gim t 39ppm xung cn 36 ppm v 34 ppm khi bao gi bng mng CG3 v CGB3-2.
T kha: chitosan, gelatin, mng, c ng i dng fillet

1 GII THIU T rong t h c t s n xu t hin n ay , vt li u ch nh dn g b ao g i t h c p hm l m n g nh a P E (p ol ye thy l en), P P (pol ypr o thy le n). T uy nhin dn g c c vt li u n y bao g i t h c p hm c mt s hn ch l t n t ht ch t dinh d n g c a t h c p hm t rong qu t rnh l nh n g v b o qu n, hn n a t hi gia n p hn h y chn g k o d i, kh x l v gy n hi m m i t r n g. V vy , n gh i n c u ch t o mt l o i m n g bao t h c p hm nh m kh c p hc nh n g khuy t i m c a m n g b ao P E, P P hi n nay l h t s c cn t hit . Ch it os an l mt d n xut c a chit i n an g c n ghi n c u ch t o l m mn g b ao t h c p hm t hay t h P E, P P . M ng c hit os an t o t hnh c t nh kh n g khu n, kh n g n m v h n ch t n t h t ch t di nh d n g cho t h c p hm (A ll an, and H a dw i ger, 1979 ). T uy nhin, gi t hnh mn g chit os a n cn h i c ao n n vi c n g dn g m n g chit os a n bao g i t h c p hm cn hn ch . T ron g n ghi n c u ny , t in h nh p h i t rn t hm gel at in nh m h gi t hn h c a m n g. K h i p hi t rn ch it os an v i ge lat in s l m t hay i c c c t nh u vi t c a m n g ch it os an n n cn n gh in c u b s un g t h m ch t kh n g khu n N at r i b enz oat e nh m t n g c n g kh n n g kh n g kh un c a m n g.
1

B mn Dinh dng v Ch bin Thy sn, Khoa Thy sn, i hc Cn Th

147

Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

2 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 2.1 Th nghim to mng Ngun chitosan s dng trong nghin cu c chit xut t v tm s c deacetyl 90% v trng lng phn t gn 1.000.000 Dalton c sn xut ti Trung tm ch bin trng i hc Nha Trang. Gelatin c chit rt t da c tra, c basa c thu c gelatin c hm lng 99% c s dng to mng. M ng chitosan gelatin c to ra bng phi trn chitosan vi gelatin theo t l phi trn l 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100. B sung natri benzoat 0.05% hoc 0.1% ri ha tan trong dung dch axit acetic 1% to thnh 15 mng mng (Bng 1). Sau , dung dch ny s c rt vo khun mica c din tch 30 cm x 30 cm, sau mt thi gian l 2 3 ngy ta thu c mng mng trn tm mica. Cht lng mng c nh gi da trn cc ch tiu c l ca mng nh sc cng (MPa), gin ca mng theo phng php o ASTM D 882 02 ti trung tm o lng cht lng 3 Quatest 3.
Bng 1: K hiu v t l phi trn to mng

Tn mng CG1 CG2 CG3 CG4 CG5 CG6 CGB1-0.05 CGB2-0.05 CGB3-0.05 CGB4-0.05 CGB5-0.05 CGB6-0.05 CGB1-0.1 CGB2-0.1 CGB3-0.1 CGB4-0.1 CGB5-0.1 CGB6-0.1

T l phi trn Chitosan / Gelatin / Natri Benzoate 100/0/0 80/20/0 60/40/0 40/60/0 20/80/0 0/100/0 100/0/0.05 80/20/0.05 60/40/005 40/60/0.05 20/80/0.05 0/100/0.05 100/0/0.1 80/20/0.1 60/40/0.1 40/60/0.1 20/80/0.1 0/100/0.1

2.2 Th nghim bao gi phi l c ng i dng nh gi kh nng bo qun ca mng, t th nghim to mng chn ra 2 loi mng ti u l CG3 v CGB3-2 em bao gi ming c ng i dng fillet kch thc 10 x 8 cm, dy ming c 2cm. Phi l c ng i dng ly mu ti nh my ch bin thy sn Nam Trung B, Nha Trang, Khnh Ha. M i mng c s dng bao gi 3 ming c ng kim tra lp li 3 ln. M u trc v sau khi bo qun 45 ngy vi nhit m 10C c kim tra cc ch tiu: lng vi sinh vt tng s theo phng php nui cy b mt ti Vin Pasteur Nha Trang, s thay i hm lng histamin theo phng php sc k kh ti phng th nghim Vin cng ngh sinh hc Nha Trang nhm xc nh kh nng khng khun v hn ch pht trin histamin ca mng chitosan phi trn ph liu khi s dng bao gi sn phm.

148

Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

Bng 2: Cc mu kim tra vi sinh vt v histamin

Mu kim tra M u trc bo qun MC ( i chng - khng bao gi bng mng chitosan ) M CG3 (bao gi bng mng CG3 ) M CGB3-0.1 (bao gi bng mng CGB3-2 ) 3 KT QU 3.1 nh gi cht lng ca mng 3.1.1 Sc cng ca mng

S lng mu 3 3 3 3

Trong cc mng chitosan phi trn gelatin em i kim tra sc cng, mng CG3 c bn ko cao nht (80,7 M Pa) v mng CG6 c bn ko thp nht (51,6 MPa). M ng chitosan ch b sung ph liu l gelatin c sc cng tng dn theo t l b sung gelatin (Ch/G) t 100/0 (61,3 M Pa) n 60/40 gelatin (80,7 M Pa) v bt u gim dn khi tng nng gelatin 40/60 (60,3 M Pa) n 0/100 gelatin (51,6 M Pa).
S c c n g c a m n g MPa

100 50 0 CG1 CG2 CG3 CG4 CG5 CG6 Loi mng

Hnh 1: Sc cng ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin

Khi b sung thm cht khng khun Natri benzoate nng 0,05% cho thy sc cng o c cao nht l mng CGB3-1 (51,1 MPa) v thp nht l mng CGB6-1 (33,3 MPa). M ng chitosan phi trn gelatin c b sung Natri Benzoat 0,05% c sc cng tng dn theo t l b sung gelatin (Ch/G) l t 100/0 (50,3 M Pa( n 60/40 (51,1 MPa) v bt u gim dn khi tng nng gelatin ln (Ch/G) t 40/60 (44,5 MPa) n 0/100 (33,3 M Pa).
Sc cng ca mng MPa

60 50 40 30 20 10 0
CGB1-0.05 CGB2-0.05 CGB3-0.05 CGB4-0.05 CGB5- 0.05 CGB5-0.0.5

Loi mng
Hnh 2: Sc cng ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin b sung Natri benzoate 0,05%

i vi mng c b sung thm Natri benzoate nng 0,1%, sc cng o c cao nht l mng CGB3-2 (55,4 M Pa) v thp nht l mng CGB6-2 (33,1 M Pa). M ng chitosan

149

Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

phi trn gelatin c b sung Natri Benzoat 0,1% c sc cng tng dn khi t l b sung gelatin n 40% v bt u gim dn khi tng nng gelatin ln trn 40%.
Sc cng ca mng M Pa

60 50 40 30 20 10 0
CGB1-0.1 CGB2-0.1 CGB3-0.1 CGB4- 0.1 CGB5-0.1 CGB6-0.1

Loi mng
Hnh 3: Sc cng ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin b sung Natri benzoate 0,1%

T kt qu o sc cng ca cc mng chitosan phi trn gelatin c b sung cht khng khun Natri Benzoat theo t l 0,05% hoc 0,1% cho thy, sc cng ca mng khng nhng ph thuc vo hm lng gelatin m cn ph thuc vo nng cht khng khun b sung vo. Sc cng ca mng tng khi tng nng cht khng khun t 0,05% ln 0,1%. iu ny c th gii thch l do s b sung thm Natri Benzoat, cc phn t cht + ny cnh tranh gc NH3 ca phn t chitosan lm thay i cu trc chitosan nn sc cng ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin c b sung Natri Benzoat thay i. Tm li, kt qu to mng cho thy nu khng b sung cht khng khun Natri benzoate th mng chitosan CG3 c sc cng o c cao nht l 80,7 M Pa, tng 31,65% so vi mng chitosan CG1. Nu c b sung cht khng khun Natri benzoate th mng CGB3-2 c sc cng o c cao nht l 55,4 M Pa, gim 9,6% so vi mng chitosan CG1. 3.1.2 gin ca mng Trong cc mng chitosan phi trn gelatin, mng CG1 c gin cao nht (2,8%) v thp nht l mng CG6 (1,3%). gin ca mng gim dn khi t l gelatin b sung vo tng dn.
4
gin ca mng (%)

3 2 1 0
CG1 CG2 CG3 CG4 CG5 CG6

Loi mng
Hnh 4: gin ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin

Kt qu o gin ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin c b sung cht khng khun Natri Benzoate 0,05% (Hnh 5) cho thy rng gin o c cao nht l mng CGB1-1 (2,8%) v thp nht l mng CGB6-1 (1,9%). gin ca mng gim dn khi t l gelatin b sung vo tng dn.

150

Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

5
gin ca mng (%)

4 3 2 1 0
CGB1-0.05 CGB2-0.05 CGB3-0.05 CGB4 -0. 05 CGB5-0 .05 CGB6-0.0.5

Loi mng
Hnh 5: gin ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin b sung Natri benzoate 0,05%

Tng t nh kt qu b sung 0,5% cht khng khun, khi b sung thm 0,1% cht khng khun gin o cao nht l mng CGB1-1 (3,2%) v thp nht l mng CGB6-1 (2%) v gin ca mng cng gim dn khi t l gelatin b sung vo tng dn.
4
g i n c a m n g (%)

3 2 1 0
CGB1-0.1 CGB2-0.1 CGB3- 0.1 CGB4-0.1 CGB5-0.1 CGB6-0.1

Loi mng
Hnh 6: gin ca mng chitosan phi trn gelatin b sung Natri benzoate 0,1%

T kt qu o gin ca cc mng chitosan phi trn gelatin c b sung cht khng khun Natri Benzoat theo t l 0,05%, 0,1% cho thy gin ca mng khng nhng ph thuc vo hm lng gelatin m cn ph thuc vo nng cht khng khun b sung vo. gin ca mng tng dn khi nng cht khng khun tng ln. iu ny c th l gii l do khi c mt cc tc nhn khng khun vi nng cng cao s gp phn ko di trng lng phn t ca mng, ni lng cu trc cht ch ca mng lm cho gin ca mng tng ln nhng mng li km bn v mt c hc hn. Nu c b sung cht khng khun Natri benzoate th mng CGB1-2 c gin o c cao nht l 3,2%, tng 14,28% so vi mng chitosan CG1. Kt qu nghin cu ny ph hp vi nghin cu ca Cargri et al. (2001) l cc tc nhn khng khun thm vo s lm thay i cc tnh cht c l ca mng. Pranoto et al (2005) nghin cu b sung mt s tc nhn khng khun nh du ti, potassium sorbate, nisin vo mng chitosan th cng thy cc tc nhn khng khun ny lm thay i cc tnh cht c l ca mng v nng cht khng khun phi trn vo cng cao th gin ca mng cng tng. 3.2 Bo qun c ng i dng fillet T kt qu nh gi cht lng chn ra 2 mng mng ti u l mng CG3 vi t l phi trn chitosan/gelatin l 60/40 v mng CGB3-2 vi t l phi trn chitosan/gelatin v b sung 0,1% cht khng khun (60/40/0,1%) th nghim bo qun sn phm c ng i dng fillet.

151

Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

3.2.1 Kim tra kh nng khng khun ca mng Qua hnh 7 cho thy tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh trn b mt sn phm phi l c ng i 3 2 dng trc khi bo qun l 2,6.10 cfu/cm . Sau cp ng v bo qun nhit -10C trong thi gian bo qun 45 ngy, tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh trn b mt tng ln 3,5.103 2 cfu/cm . Trong khi dng 2 loi mng mng ti u l CG3, CGB3- bao gi c ng i 3 dng th thy tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh trn b mt sn phm gim i cn 1,5.10 2 2 cfu/cm (M CG3) v 1,6.10 (M CGB3-0.1). T kt qu trn cho thy mng Chitosan c tc dng khng vi sinh vt kh tt v mng chitosan c phi trn cht khng khun th kh nng khng vi sinh vt s tt hn mng khng c phi trn cht khng khun.
4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Mu trc bo qun M-i chng M-CG3 M-CGB3-0.1

Tng vi sinh vt (10

CFU/cm )

Mu kim tra
Hnh 7: Lng vi sinh vt hiu kh b mt sn phm phi l c ng i dng khi s dng mng bao chitosan

3.2.2 Kim tra hm lng histamin

Hm lng Histamin (ppm) 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Mu trc bo M-i chng qun M-CG3 M-CGB3-0.1

Mu kim tra
Hnh 8: Hm lng histamin trong cc mu nghin cu theo thi gian bo qun

Nhn chung theo thi gian bo qun di tc ng ca iu kin ch bin, phng php cp ng, thi gian bo qun v ch bo qun, hm lng histamin s c xu hng tng ln. Trong nghin cu ny, th nghim dng mng chitosan phi trn gelatin c v khng c b sung cht khng khun Natri benzoat ti u CG3 v CGB3-2 bao gi sn phm c ng i dng th thy sn phm c bao gi bng mng ny ri em i cp ng hn ch c s pht trin ca histamin so vi mu i chng. Sau thi gian bo qun mu khng c bao gi bng mng th hm lng histamin tng ln 39ppm trong khi mu c bao gi bng mng th hm lng histamin ch tng ln 34 n 36 ppm

152

Tp ch Khoa hc 2008 (1): 147-153

Trng i hc Cn Th

4 KT LUN Hai mng bao c t l phi trn chitosan/gelatin (60/40) v t l phi trn chitosan/ gelatin/natri benzoate l 60/40/0,1% l ti u v sc cng v gin. Phi l c ng i dng c bao gi bng 2 mng c kh nng khng khun v hn ch s hnh thnh histamin trong qu trnh bo qun. LI CM T
Ti xin chn thnh cm t T s T rang S T rung ging vin khoa ch bin trng i hc Nha T rang, cn b phng th nghim Vin cng ngh sinh hc Nha T rang tn tnh hng dn v gip ti thc hin tt bi bo co ny.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Allan, C.R. and LA. Hadwiger.1979. The fungicial effect of chitosan on fungi of varying cell wall composition. Experimental Mycology 3: 285-287p Cagri, A., Z. Ustunol and ET. Ryser. 2001. Antimicrobial, mechanical and moisture barrier properties of low pH whey protein based edible films containing p- Amminobenzoic or sorbic axit . Journal of Food Science 66: 865 870p Pranoto, Y., S.K. Rakshit and V.M.Salokhe. 2005. Enhancing antimicrobial activity of chitosan films by incorporating garlic oil, potassium sorbate and nisin Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. Sherpherd, R., S. Reader and A. Falshaw. 1997. Chitosan functional properties. Glycoconjugat e journal 14: 535 542p

153