IDCAP Bibliography (as of November 1, 2011)

1. Arifeen S, Emdadul Hoque D, Akter T, Muntasirur R, Mohammad EH, Khadija B. et al. Effect of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a rural area of Bangladesh: a cluster randomized trial. The Lancet. 2009; 374(9687): 393-403. 2. Armstrong Schellenberg JR, Adam T, Mshinda H, Masanja H, Kabadi G, Mukasa O. Effectiveness and Cost of Facility-Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in Tanzania. The Lancet. 2004; 364(9445): 1583-1594. 3. Badri M, Maartens G, Mandalia S. et al. Cost-effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. PLoS Medicine 2006; 3(1): 48-56. 4. Baltussen R, Floyd K, Dye C. Cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies for tuberculosis control in developing countries. BMJ, 2005; 331: 1364-9. 5. Barnett SM, Koslowski B. Adaptive Expertise: Effects of type of experience and the level of theoretical understanding it generates. Thinking and Reasoning. 2002; 4: 237-267. 6. Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003, 3:21. 7. Bartlett J et al. Medical Management of HIV Infection 2007. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Medicine Publishing Group, 2007. 8. Bleakley A. Broadening Conceptions of Learning in Medical Education: the Message from Teamworking. Medical Education. 2006; 40: 150-157. 9. Bowen JL. Educational Strategies to Promote Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006; 355: 2217-2225. 10. Callagahan M, Ford N, Schneider H. A systematic review of task shifting for HIV treatment and care in Africa. Human Resources for Health 2010, 8:8. 11. Chakraborti C, Boonyasai RT, Wright SM, Kern DE. A Systematic Review of Teamwork Training Interventions in Medical Student and Resident Education. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2008; 23: 846-852. 12. Chandramohan D, Jaffar S, Greenwood B: Use of clinical algorithms for diagnosing malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2002, 7:45-52.

13. Committee for Evaluation of the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Implementation. PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise. Sepulveda J, Carpenter C, Curran J, Holzemer W, Smits H, Scott K, and Orza M (eds). (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2007). 14. Cummings P. The relative merits of risk ratios and odds ratios. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009, 163(5):438445. 15. Davis D, Obrien M A, Freemantle N, Wolf F M, Mazmanian P, Taylor-Vaisey A. Impact of formal continuing medical education: do conferences, workshops, rounds, and other traditional continuing education activities change physician behavior or health outcomes. JAMA, 1999; 282(9): 867-874. 16. Dieleman M, Gerretsen B, Jan van der Wilt G. Human resource management interventions to improve health workers' performance in low and middle income countries: a realist review. Health Research Policy and Systems 2009, 7:7. 17. Dovlo D. Using mid-level cadres as substitutes for internationally mobile health professionals in Africa. A desk review. Human Resources for Health 2004, 2:7. 18. Eccles M, Grimshaw J, Campbell M, Ramsay C. Research designs for studies evaluating the effectiveness of change and improvement strategies. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 2003; 12: 47-52. 19. English M, Wamae A, Nyamai R, Bevins B, Irium G. Implementing locally appropriate guidelines and training to improve care of serious illness in Kenyan hospitals: a story of scaling-up (and down and left and right). Archive of Diseases in Childhood, 2011; 96: 285-90. 20. Eva, K. W., & Regehr, G. Self-Assessment in the Health Professions: A Reformulation and Research Agenda. Academic Medicine, 2005, S46-S54. 21. Eva KW. What Every Teacher Needs to Know About Clinical Reasoning. Medical Education. 2004; 39: 98-106. 22. Evans D B, Tan-Torres Edejer T, Adam Taghreed, et al. Methods to assess the costs and health effects of interventions for improving health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1137-1140.

23. Farmer EA, Beard JD, Dauphinee WD, LaDuca T, Mann KV. Assessing the Performance of Doctors in Teams and Systems. Medical Education. 2002; 36: 942-948. 24. Fermariello, M. Task shifting may prove key to tackling infectious diseases. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2008; 8: 81. 25. Franco LM, DR Silimperi, T Veldhuyzen van Zanten, C MacAulay, K Askov, B Bouchet, L Marquez.2002. Sustaining Quality of Healthcare: Institutionalization of Quality Assurance. QA Monograph Series 2(1). Published for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) by the Quality Assurance Project. Bethesda, MD: University Research Co., LLC (URC). 26. French N et al. Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults. AIDS 2002; 16: 1031-1038. 27. Frenk J, Chen L, Butta ZA, Cohen J, Crisp N, Evans T, Feinberg H, Garcia P, Ke Y, Kelley P, Kistnasamy B, Meleis A, Naylor D, Pablos-Mendez, Reddy S, Scrimshaw S, Sepulveda J, Serwadda D. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet 2010; 376(9756):192358. 28. Fulton BD, Scheffler RM, Sparkes SP, Auh EY, Vujicic M, Soucat A. Health workforce skill mix and task shifting in low income countries: a review of recent evidence. Human Resources for Health, 2011; 9:1.

29. Garrett, Laurie. The challenge of global health. Foreign Affairs 2007; 86 (1): 14-38. 30. Gilks C, Crowley S, Ekpini R, Gove S, Perriens J, Souteyrand Y. The WHO public-health approach to antiretroviral treatment against HIV in resource-limited settings. Lancet 2006; 368: 505-510. 31. Glasgow RE, Marcus AC, Bull SS, Wilson KM. Disseminating effective cancer screening intervention. Cancer, 2004; 101 (5 Supplement): 1239-50. 32. Global Health Workforce Alliance. Kampala declaration and agenda for global action. From the participants at the first Global Forum on Human Resources for Health in Kampala, 2-7 March 2008. Available online at:

http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/forum/2_declaration_final.pdf Accessed on March 26, 2008. 33. Gold MR, Seigel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC (eds). Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996). 34. Goldie S J, Yazdanpanah Y, Losina E, et al. Cost-effectiveness of HIV treatment in resource-poor settings the case of Cote dIvoire. NEJM 2006; 355: 1141-53. 35. Gove S for the WHO working Group on Guidelines for Integrated Management of the Sick Child. Integrated management of childhood illness by outpatient health workers: technical basis and overview. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1997; 75 (Supplement 1): 7-24. 36. Government of Uganda, Ministry of Health. Health Sector Strategic Plan II, 2005/6 to 2009/10. Volume I. Available online at: http://www.who.int/rpc/evipnet/Health%20Sector%20Strategic%20Plan%20II%2020092010.pdf Accessed on 15 April 2011. 37. Government of Uganda, Ministry of Health. Health Sector Strategic Plan III 2010/112014/5. Uganda, Kampala: Government of Uganda2010. Total number of pages: 112p. 38. Gouws E, Bryce J, Pariyo G, Schellenberg JA, Amaral J, Habicht J-P. Measuring the quality of child health care at first-level facilities. Social Science and Medicine, 2005; 61: 613625. March 27, 2008. 39. Grimwade K et al. HIV infection as a cofactor for severe falciparum malaria in adults living in a region of unstable malaria transmission in South Africa. AIDS 2004; 18: 54734. 40. Grumbach, K., & Bodenheimer, T. (2004). Can Health Care Teams Improve Primary Care Practice? Journal of the American Medical Association, 2004, 1246-1251. 41. Hakim JG et al. Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients. AIDS 2000; 14: 1401-1407. 42. Harries A D, Shouten EJ, Libamba E. Scaling up antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings. Lancet, 2006; 367: 1870-1872.

43. Hatala RM, Brooks LR, Norman GR. (). Practice Makes Perfect: The Critical Role of Mixed Practice in the Acquisition of ECG Interpretation Skills. Advances in Health sciences Education. 2003; 8: 17-26. 44. HCI data on 16 sites that reported this indicator for some months in 2006. Personal communication, Drs. Anthony Musisi, and Edmund Pacutho. 45. HCI data on 35 sites that reported this indicator for some months in 2006. Personal communication, Drs. Anthony Musisi, and Edmund Pacutho. 46. Horwood C, Vermaak K, Rollins N, Haskins L, Nkosi P, et al. An Evaluation of the Quality of IMCI Assessments among IMCI Trained Health Workers in South Africa. PLoS ONE 2009, 4(6): e5937. 47. Huicho L, Davila M, Gonzales F, Drasbek C, Bryce J, Victora CG.. Implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy in Peru and its association with health indicators: an ecological analysis. Health Policy Planning and Management.2005; 20(1): 32-41. 48. Idro R et al. Clinical manifestations of severe malaria in the highlands of southwestern Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 72: 561-567. 49. Irby DM, Cooke M, OBrien BC. Calls for Reform of Medical Education by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching: 1910 and 2010. Academic Medicine. 2010; 85: 220227. 50. Joint Uganda Malaria Training Programme (JUMP) IDI Annual Report. http://www.idimakerere.com/docs/Annualreport010Training.pdf. 51. Kuiper, R. A., & Pesut, D. J. Promoting Cognitive and Metacognitive Reflective Reasoning Skills in Nursing Practice: Self-Regulated Learning Theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2004, 381-391. 52. Kyabayinze DJ, Asiimwe C, Nakanjake J, Nabakooza J, Counihan H and Tibenderana JK. Use of RDTs to improve malaria diagnosis and fever case management at primary health care facilities in Uganda Malaria Journal 2010, 9:200.

53. Laurent M, Reeves D, Hermens R, Braspenning J, Grol R, Sibbald B. Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2004; 4. 54. Lumley T, Kronmal R, Ma S. Relative Risk Regression in Medical Research: Models, Contrasts, Estimators, and Algorithms. UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series 2006, Working Paper 293. 55. Lutalo I, Schneider G, Weaver MR, Oyugi J. Kaye R, Lule F, Scheld WM, McAdam K, Sande MA. HIV/AIDS Training Needs Assessment for Clinicians at ART clinics in Uganda. Human Resources for Health 2009, 7: 76. 56. Malaria Control Programme: Management of uncomplicated malaria: A practical guide for health workers. 3rd edition. Ministry of Health, Uganda; 2005. 57. Martin, T., Rayne, K., Kemp, N. J., Hart, J., & Diller, K.R. Teaching for Adaptive Expertise in Biomedical Engineering Ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics 2005, 257-275. 58. Mason J, Freemantle N, Nazareth I, et al. When is it cost-effective to change the behavior of health professionals? JAMA 2001; 286 (23): 2988-2992. 59. Mathers CD, Bernard C, Moesgaard IK, et al. Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003. (Global programme on evidence for health policy discussion paper No. 54.) 60. McCarthy EA, OBrien ME, Rodriguez WR. Training and HIV-Treatment Scale-Up: Establishing an Implementation Research Agenda. PLoS Medicine. 2006; 3: 989-993. 61. McCarthy KM et al. Population-based surveillance for cryptococcosis in an antiretroviral-nave South African province with a high HIV seroprevalence. AIDS 2006; 20: 2199-2206. 62. Mills Ej, Schabas WA, Volmink J, walker R, Ford N, Katabira E, Anema A, Joffres M, Cahn P, Montaner J. Should active recruitment of health workers from sub-Saharan Africa be viewed as a crime? Lancet 2008; 371: 685-688. 63. Moore D. et al. Health human resource capacity is a constraint to the expansion of care and treatment programs in Uganda. CROI abstract #539. Feb 2007. 64. Morel C M, Lauer J A, Evans D B. Cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to combat malaria in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1299-1305.

65. Morris MB, Chapula BT, Chi BH, Mwango A, Chi HF, Mwanza J, Manda H, Bolton C, Pankratz DS, Stringer JSA, and Reid JSA, Use of task-shifting to rapidly scale-up HIV treatment services: Experiences from Lusaka, Zambia. BMC Health Serv Res, 2009, 9: 5. Published online January 9 2009. 66. Mosha JF, Conteh L, Tediosi F, Gesase S, Bruce J, et al. (2010) Cost Implications of Improving Malaria Diagnosis: Findings from North-Eastern Tanzania. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8707. 67. Murray CLJ, Lopez AD, Feehan DM, Peter ST, Yang, G. Validation of the symptom pattern method for analyzing verbal autopsy data. PLoS Medicine, 2007; 4(11), e327: 1739-1753. 68. Mwita N, O'Neil M, Nyagero J, Elqura L.. Competency Gaps in Human Resource Management in the Health Sector: an Exploratory Study of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Cambridge MA: African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) and Management Sciences for Health (MSH)2009; 34p 69. Mylopoulos M, Regehr G. How Student Models of Expertise and Innovation Impact the Development of Adaptive Expertise in Medicine. Medical Education. 2009; 43: 127-132. 70. Mwita, N., O'Neil, M., Nyagero, J., & Elqura, L. Competency Gaps in Human Resource Management in the Health Sector: an Exploratory Study of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Cambridge, MA: African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) and Management Sciences for Health (MSH), 2009. 71. Ndyomugyenyi R, Magnussen P, Clarke S (2007) Malaria treatment-seeking behaviour and drug prescription practices in an area of low transmission in Uganda: implications for prevention and control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 209215. 72. Norman, G. Research in Clinical Reasoning: Past History and Current Trends. Medical Education 2005, 418-427. 73. O'Brien MA, Oxman AD, Davis DA, Haynes RB, Freemantle N, Harvey EL. Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1997, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD000409. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000409. 74. Osterholt DM, Rowe AK, Hamel MJ, Flanders WD, Mkandala C, Marum LH, Kaimila N. Predictors of treatment error for children with uncomplicated malaria seen as

outpatients in Blantyre district, Malawi. Tropical Medicine and International Hygiene, 2006; 11 (8): 1147-56. 75. Pape A Gaye P, Nelson D. Effective scale-up: avoiding the same old traps. Human Resources for Health 2009, 7:2. 76. Pariyo GW, Gouws E, Bryce J, Burnham G and the Ugandan IMCI Impact Study Team. Improving facility-based care for sick children in Uganda is not enough. Health Policy and Planning, 2005; 20(Supplement 1): i58-i68. 77. PATH Indonesia, Supportive supervision to sustain health worker capacity in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and North Sumatera, http://www.path.org/files/CP_Indonesia_supp_sprvsn_aceh_fs.pdf. 78. Peabody JW et al. Measuring the quality of physician practice by using clinical vignettes: a prospective validation study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2004; 141: 771-780. 79. Pitter C, Kahn J G, Marseille E, et al. Cost-effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among persons with HIV in Uganda. JAIDS 2007; 44 (3): 336-43. 80. Ranson MK, Chopra M, Atkins S, Dal Poz MR, Bennett S. Priorities for Research into Human Resources for Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2010; 88: 435443. 81. Regehr G, Mylopoulous M. Maintaining Competence in the Field: Learning About Practice, Through Practice, in Practice. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 2008; 28: 19-23. 82. Reilly BM. Inconvenient Truths About Clinical Teaching. The Lancet. 2007; 370: 705-711. 83. Rhode. Jon. Supportive Supervision to improve integrated Primary Health Care. MSH Occasional Papers No. 2, 2006. 84. Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press, 2003. 85. Rowe AK, de Savigny D, Lanata CF, Victora CG. How can we achieve and maintain highquality performance of health workers in low-resource settings? www.thelancet.com. Published online August 9, 2005. 86. Samb B, Celletti F, Holloway J, Van Damme W, De Cock KM, Dybul M: Rapid Expansion of the Health Workforce in Response to the HIV Epidemic. N Engl J Med 2007, 357 (24):2510-2514.

87. Sande M et al. The Sanford Guide to HIV/AIDS Therapy 2008. 16th edition. Sperryville, Virginia: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc., 2007. 88. Smith M, Wood W, Adams W et al. Why Peer Discussion Improves Student Performance on In-Class Concept Questions. Science. 2009; 323: 122-124. 89. Ssekabira U, Bukirwa H, Hopkins H et al. Improved Malaria Case management after Integrated Team-based Training of Health Care Workers in Uganda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygene. 2008; 79: 826-833. 90. Sserwanga A, Harris JC, Kigozi R, Menon M, Bukirwa H, et al. Improved Malaria Case Management through the Implementation of a Health Facility-Based Sentinel Site Surveillance System in Uganda. PLoS ONE 2011, 6(1): e16316. 91. Stringer JSA, Zulu I, Levy J, Stringer EM, Mwango A, Chi BH, et al. Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in primary care sites in Zambia. JAMA 2006; 296: 782-793. 92. Sweat MD, OReilly KR, Schmid GP, et al. Cost-effectiveness of nevirapine to prevent mother to child HIV transmission in eight African Countries. AIDS 2004; 18: 1661-1671. 93. Teunissen P, Dornan T. The Competent Novice: Lifelong Learning at Work. British Medical Journal. 2008; 336: 667-669. 94. United States Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator. PEPfAR Report on Workforce Capacity and HIV/AIDS. Washington, D.C: OGAC, 2006 95. Vidal JE et al. Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-positive patients in Brazil: clinical features and predictors of treatment response in the HAART era. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2005; 19:626-635. 96. Volberding PA et al. Global HIV/AIDS Medicine. Saunders/Elsevier, 2008. 97. Wasunna B, Zurovac D, Bruce J, Jones C, Webster J, Snow RW. Health worker performance in the management of paediatric fevers following in-service training and exposure to job aids in Kenya. Malaria Journal 2010, 9:261. 98. Weaver M, Krieger J, Castorina J, et al. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Combined Campaign for Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines," Archives of Internal Medicine (2001); v. 161 no. 1: 111-120.

99. Weaver M, Nakitto C, Schneider G, Kamya M, Kambugu A, Ronald A, Lukwago R, McAdam K, Sande M. Measuring the outcomes of a comprehensive HIV care course: pilot test at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala Uganda. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2006; 43 (3): 292-303. 100. World Health Organization. Antimalarial drug combination therapy. Report of a WHO technical consultation. World Health Organization; 2001. 101. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO report 2005. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO/HTM/TB/2005.349). 102. World Health Organization. Task shifting: global recommendations and guidelines. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. Available online at: http://www.who.int/healthsystems/TTR-TaskShifting.pdf Accessed on March 26, 2008. 103. World Health Organization. Task shifting: rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams. Global recommendations and guidelines. Geneva: 2008. Available online at http://www.who.in t/healthsystems/TTR-TaskShifting.pdf Accessed on August 4, 2009. 104. World Health Organization. Verbal autopsy standards: ascertaining and attributing cause of death. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. 105. Yazdanpanah Y, Losina E, Anglaret X et al. Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in patients with HIV/AIDS in Cote dIvoire: a trial-based analysis. AIDS 2005; 19: 1299-1308. 106. Zurovac D, Larson BA, Skarbinski J, Slutsker L, Snow RW, et al. Modeling the financial and clinical implications of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the casemanagement of older children and adults in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 884891.