KHI QUT V H THNG NNG LNG GI QUY M NH

&

THNH PH H CH MINH 2008

Ti c th dng nng lng gi cp in cho ngi nh ca ti hay khng? Cu hi ny ang c hi trn c hnh tinh v ngy cng nhiu ngi tm kim ngun in n nh v tit kim. H thng in gi quy m nh c th p ng ng k cho nhu cu nng lng quc gia. Mc d cc tuabin c th cung cp in mt phn ng k cho nhu cu ca cc gia nh bnh thng M vi din tch t 0,24ha hoc hn, c khong 21 triu gia nh M xy nh trn din tch 0,24ha hoc ln hn v 24% dn s M sng nng thn. H thng in gi quy m nh s cp in cho bn nu nh: C gi ni bn . Thng thng phi t ti thiu t 4 hay 5m/s. Hng xm ca bn hoc khu vc ca bn cho php lp t cc thp cao. Bn c khong trng. Bn c th xc nh c nhu cu s dng in ca bn hoc mun sn xut bao nhiu in. H thng in gi hot ng mt cch kinh t , hiu qu.

Hng dn ny s cung cp cho bn cc thng tin c bn v h thng in gi quy m nh h tr bn quyt nh chn in gi hay khng?

Ti sao phi chn gi? H thng nng lng gi l mt trong nhng h thng nng lng ti to s dng trong h gia nh mang li hiu qu kinh t nht. Ty thuc vo ngun gi, mt h thng nng lng gi quy m nh c th lm gim ha n tin in ca bn t 50% n 90%, gip bn trnh c chi ph cao cho ng dy in di n nhng vng ho lnh, khng b cp in v khng gy nhim. Tuabin gi hot ng nh th no? Gi c to ra bi s bt cn bng nhit do mt tri trn b mt tri t. Tuabin gi bin i nng lng ng lc ca gi thnh lc c hc chy my pht sn xut ra in sch. Cc tuabin ngy nay l cc ngun to in a nng theo dng mun. Cnh ca tuabin c thit k dng kh ng hc nhn c nng lng gi cc i. Gi lm quay cc cnh tuabin, trc quay gn vi my pht to ra in. Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

3 TRC TIN, LM TH NO TI S DNG NNG LNG HIU QU HN TRONG CN NH CA TI Trc khi la chn h thng nng lng gi cho cn nh ca bn, bn phi xem xt gim tiu th nng lng bng cch s dng hiu qu nng lng nh hoc vn phng. Gim tiu th nng lng s gim ng k chi ph nng lng v gim kch thc h thng nng lng ti to s dng trong h gia nh. t c hiu qu nng lng ti a, bn phi xem xt cc dng c in hin c trong cn nh. T lp cch nhit ca tng nh n cc bng n, c nhiu cch lm cho nh bn t hiu qu nng lng hn. NNG LNG DNG TRONG GIA NH
Cn c trn s liu trung bnh

My nc nng 14% My iu ha nhit 44%

Thp sng, nu n v cc ng dng khc 33%

T lnh 9%

Gim nhu cu si m v lm mt n 30% bng cch u t ch vi trm USD cho lp cch nhit ph hp v cc sn phm ph hp vi thi tit. Tit kim tin v tng tnh tin nghi bng cch bo tr nh k v ci to h thng si m, thng gi v iu ha. Thay cc bng n hunh quang bng bng n compact. Thay 25% bng n c th tit kim khong 50% ha n tin in.

NNG LNG GI C THIT THC CHO BN KHNG? Mt h thng c th cung cp cho bn mt ngun in kinh t v thit thc nu: Khu t ca bn c mt ngun gi thng xuyn c tc gi t 4-5m/giy. Nh hoc c s ca bn ta lc trn din tch t ti thiu 0,24ha nng thn. Ha n tin in trung bnh hn 1 triu ng/thng hoc cao hn. Khu t ca bn nm khu ho lnh kh a hay khng ko ng dy in vo. Kinh t ca bn thoi mi vi vic u t lu di.

Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

4 Cc vn trong vng Trc khi u t mt h thng nng lng gi, bn phi tm hiu cc tr ngi tim tng. Mt s o lut, v d nh hn ch chiu cao ca cc kt cu cho php trong khu vc dn c, hu ht cc quy nh vng l gii hn chiu cao 10m

Bn c th tm hiu cc quy nh vng bng cch gi in n c quan qun l th ni bn nh lp t tuabin gi . H s tr li nu bn cn mt giy php xy dng v h s cung cp cho bn mt bn lit k cc yu cu. Mt s vn khc nh hng xm ca bn c th phn i mt thit b gi v n chn tm nhn ca h hoc h lo ngi n ting n. Hu ht cc vn trong vng v cc vn lin quan n thm m u c th c thuyt phc bng cc d liu khch quan. V d mc ting n xung quanh ca hu ht cc tuabin gi khu dn c l khong 52- 55 dB (tng t ting ni th thm) . iu ny c ngha l m thanh ca tuabin gi c th pht ra ting ng nh cho php nu c gng lng nghe, kch c qut gi lp t c ng knh t 2,7m n 8m. BN CN TUABIN GI KCH THC NO? Kch thc ca tuabin gi m bn cn ty thuc vo nhu cu s dng ca bn. Tuabin gi loi gia nh c cng sut khong 1KW 100Kw. Tuabin nh hn hoc vi tuabin (micro tuabin20 500W) c dng cho cc mc nh khc nhau nh sc pin cho xe hoc chi. Tuabin t 1 10KW c th c s dng cho cc mc ch nh bm nc, s dng cc thit b dn dng cho gia nh. Nng lng gi c s dng hng th k nay bm nc v xay la. Dng cho nhu cu sinh hot, bn phi thng k tng cng sut cc thit b (tnh theo KW) cn s dng gip bn xc nh c cng sut tuabin m bn cn. Bi v hiu qu s dng nng lng th thng r hn l sn xut nng lng, trc tin hy lm cho cn nh ca bn s dng nng lng hiu qu, chc chn chi ph s hiu qu hn v s gim c kch thc tuabin m bn cn. Thng thng mt ngi nh thnh th s dng khong 400 KWh in mi thng . Da trn tc gi trung bnh 6m/giy trong khu vc, cng sut mt tuabin gi trong khong 1-3 KW l c th p ng nhu cu ny. Nh ch to c th cung cp cho bn tuabin cng sut d kin cho c nm theo tc gi trung bnh hng nm. Nh ch to cng cung cp thng tin v tc gi ti a m tuabin c thit k vn hnh an ton. Hu ht cc tuabin u c h thng kim sot qu tc gi rotor ngng quay khi tc gi qu cao. Thng tin ny cng vi tc gi khu vc v d Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

5 kin nhu cu nng lng ca bn, s gip bn quyt nh kch thc tuabin s p ng tt nht nhu cu s dng nng lng ca bn.

CC B PHN CN BN CA MT H THNG IN GI QUY M NH L G? H thng in gi gia nh thng bao gm mt rotor, mt my pht gn vo khung, mt ui (thng c), mt thp, dy dn v h thng cn bng bao gm: thit b iu khin, my i in, v/hoc c quy (pin). Nh cc cnh qut, rotor thu nng lng ng lc ca gi v chuyn vo trong c cu truyn ng truyn ng my pht.

Ch thch : Wind Generator Battery Bank : Tuabin gi : H thng bnh c quy Tower : Thp qut Charge controller : B iu khiu sc bnh c quy Dump Load : B x in khi bnh np y System Meter : H thng hin th Inverter: B chuyn i 1chiu DC ra AC AC breaker panel : Bng in xoay chiu Main DC disconnect : T in mt chiu Backup Generator : My pht in d phng

Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

6 Tuabin gi Hu ht tuabin ngy nay c ch to hng gi trc ngang vi 2 hoc 3 cnh, cnh thng lm bng vt liu composite nh si thy tinh. Lng in c to ra ty thuc vo ng knh ca rotor. Khung tuabin l cu trc trn gn rotor, my pht, ui tuabin. ui tuabin gi cho qut gi lun hng v hng gi nhiu nht. Ch thch : Generator : My pht in Rotor : ng c quay Tower : Thp Tail : ui qut

Thp V tc gi tng trn cao, nn tuabin c gn trn thp cao gip cho tuabin sn xut c nhiu in. Thp cng a tuabin ln cao trn cc lung xoy khng kh c th c gn mt t do cc vt cn tr khng kh nh i ni, nh, cy ci. Mt nguyn tc chung l lp t mt tuabin gi trn thp vi y ca cnh rotor cch cc vt cn tr ti thiu 9m, nm trong phm vi ng knh khong 90m ca thp. S tin u t tng i t trong vic tng chiu cao ca thp c th em li li ch ln trong sn xut in. V d, tng chiu cao thp t 18m ln 33m cho my pht 10kW s tng tng chi ph cho h thng 10%, nhng c th tng lng in sn xut 29%. C 2 loi thp c bn: loi t ng v loi ging cp. Hu ht h thng in gi cho h gia nh thng s dng loi ging cp. Thp loi ging cp c gi r hn, c th bao gm cc phn gin khung, ng (ng ln hoc nh ty thit k) v cp. Cc h thng treo d lp t hn h thng t ng. Tuy nhin do bn knh treo phi bng hoc chiu cao thp, nn h thng treo cn ch trng lp t. Mc d loi thp c th nghing xung c c gi t hn, nhng chng gip cho khch hng d bo tr trong trng hp cc tuabin nh, thng l 5kW hoc nh hn.
Thp ging cp H thng thp c th nghing xung c cng c th h thp xung mt t khi thi tit xu nh bo. Thp nhm d b gy v nn trnh s dng. Hu ht cc nh sn xut tuabin u cung cp gi h thng nng

Thp t ng

lng gi bao gm c thp. Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

7 Khng khuyn khch gn tuabin trn nc mi nh. Tt c cc tuabin u rung v chuyn lc rung n kt cu m tuabin gn vo. iu ny c th to ra ting n v nh hng n kt cu nh v mi nh c th to ra lung xoy ln lm nh hng n tui th ca tuabin.

B iu khin sc bnh c quy B phn ny c nhim v chnh l np in cho h thng bnh c quy v kim sot tnh trng qu ti khi h thng bnh c quy y . Nu trng hp qu ti xy ra, b iu khin ny t ng chuyn lng in nng tha ny sang b phn x in . B phn x in B phn ny c nhim v tiu th lng in nng tha t b iu khin sc bnh c quy . N thc cht l mt thit b in tr t nng trong khng kh hay un si nc . H thng bnh c quy Gm nhiu bnh c quy kh ni tip nhau dng d tr ngun in 1 chiu . Mi khi tuabin gi khng hot ng hay hot ng yu, h thng ny s cung cp in cho b phn chuyn i in 1 chiu (DC) ra in xoay chiu (AC) . Bnh c quy thng dng loi c quy kh d bo qun, bo tr, an ton hn mc du gi tr bnh nhiu hn c quy nc .S bnh c quy ph thuc vo b chuyn i in DC ra AC . Dung lng bnh c quy thng dng l 200Ah . H thng hin th Thit b ny o c v hin th tnh trng gi, sn lng in v ang cung cp, c s dng th hin trn mt hin th . T in 1 chiu y l thit b bo v dng in 1 chiu cung cp t tuabin gi n b chuyn i in 1 chiu (DC) ra in xoay chiu (AC) . Thit b bo v ny cho php t ng ngt kt ni dng in t h thng bnh c quy khi c s c v in . B chuyn i in DC ra AC B phn ny c nhim v chuyn i dng in 1 chiu t h thng bnh c quy sang in xoay chiu di dng sng sin chun thng thng nh in li 220V hay 110V tu theo tng quc gia. B chuyn i ny phi c cng sut ph hp h thng tuabin gi tng ng. My pht in d phng My ny ch dng phng khi sc gi ti khu vc yu hay khng c trong thi gian di, trong tnh hung kh hu xu nht . My c th dng biogas, du diesel, xng tu theo cu to . Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

8 Bng in xoay chiu Tt c cc thit b in dn dng u kt ni vo h thng tuabin gi thng qua bng in xoay chiu ny . Trong bng in ny bao gm cc cu ch bo v t ng nhm bo v h thng in xoay chiu vi b phn chuyn i in DC ra AC . H thng ni vi mng in li h thng ni vi mng in li, ch mt thit b cn thm l b bin in lm cho cng sut tuabin ph hp vi mng in. Thng thng c quy khng cn thit i vi h thng ny. CHI PH CHO H THNG GI Gi lp t ty thuc phn ln vo quy nh vng lp t, giy php v cc chi ph cho cc tin ch i km. Mt h thng tuabin gia nh c lp t ti M c gi t 3.000 50.000 USD, ty thuc vo kch thc, nhu cu s dng, v cc tha thun dch v vi nh sn xut. ( theo Hip hi nng lng gi M cho rng chi ph cho mt h thng gi cho cn h tiu biu (10 kW) khong 32.000 USD so vi h thng nng lng mt tri c gi hn 80.000 USD). Nguyn tc chung d kin chi ph cho mt tuabin s dng vi mc ch sinh hot l 1.000 5.000 USD cho mi kW. Nng lng gi tr nn r hn khi kch thc ca rotor tng ln. Mc d cc tuabin gia nh chi ph u t ban u thp hn, nhng n s t hn tng ng. Chi ph lp t h thng nng lng gi s dng sinh hot vi thp cao 24m, c quy, v b bin in khong t 15.000 50.000USD cho mt tuabin gi cng sut t 3-10kW. Mc d h thng nng lng gi c chi ph u t ban u ng k, nhng h thng ny c th cnh tranh vi cc ngun nng lng thng thng khi bn gim chi ph hoc khng phi tr chi ph s dng trong thi gian di. Thi gian hon vn da trn h thng m bn chn la, ngun gi ni bn s dng, gi in khu vc bn v cch bn s dng h thng. V d, nu bn sng California s gim 50% chi ph s dng nng lng in do s dng h thng gi quy m nh, c thit b o v tc gi trung bnh hng nm 6,7m/giy, thi gian hon vn ca bn l khong 6 nm. BN C TH TM S H TR BO TR V LP T U? Nh sn xut/nh bn l c th gip bn lp t thit b. Trc khi c gng lp t tuabin gi, t hi nhng cu hi sau: Ti c th mt ci mng b tng thch hp khng? Ti c phng tin nng hoc c cch dng ci thp ln an ton khng? Ti c hiu s khc nhau gia dy AC v DC khng? Ti c kin thc v in ni dy an ton cho tuabin khng? Ti c bit cch s l an ton v lp t c quy khng?

Nu bn tr li khng i vi bt k cu hi no trn, bn phi chn h thng ca bn c lp t bi mt gi h thng hp nht (bao gm lp t) hoc ngi chuyn lp t. Lin h vi nh sn xut c gip hoc gi cho s nng lng khu vc bn c cung cp danh sch cc nh lp t khu vc. Bn cng c th kim tra danh b in thoi tm nh cung Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

9 cp dch v h thng nng lng gi. Mt nh lp t ng tin cy s cung cp nhiu dch v nh trong giy php. Mc d cc tuabin gi quy m nh l cc thit b rt n nh, nhng vn cn bo tr hng nm. Bu-lng v cc mi ni in phi c kim tra v sit cht nu cn thit. Cc thit b s c kim tra n mn v dy treo xem c lc cng khng. Hn na, bn phi kim tra v thay th bt k h hng no ca g trc cnh qut. Sau 10 nm, cnh hoc bc n c th cn c thay th, nhng nu c bo tr v lp t hp l thit b c th vn hnh n 20 nm hoc hn. Nu bn khng rnh bo tr thit b, nh lp t ca bn c cung cp dch v v chng trnh bo tr. BAO NHIU NNG LNG C H THNG CA TI TO RA? Hu ht cc nh sn xut M phn loi tuabin ca h bng lng in m tuabin c th sn xut an ton mt tc gi c th, thng khong gia 10m/giy v 16m/giy. Cng thc sau cung cp cc nhn t quan trng i vi vic vn hnh tuabin gi. Lu rng tc gi, V, c mt ly tha 3. iu ny c ngha khi tng tc gi rt t s lm tng cng sut tuabin rt nhiu. iu gii thch ti sao thp cao hn s tng hiu qu ca tuabin do tng tc gi (iu c th hin trong s cao v tng tc gi). Cng thc tnh cng sut tuabin gi l: Cng sut (P)= kCP1/2 A V3 Trong : P =Cng sut (kW) CP = H s cng sut cc i, trong khong t 0,25 0,45, nh hn (theo l thuyt max = 0,59) = Mt khng kh, lb/ft3 A = Din tch qut ca rotor, ft2 hoc D2/4 (D l ng knh rotor tnh bng ft, = 3.1416) V = Vn tc gi, m/gi k = 0.000133 mt hng s o cng sut bng kW. (nhn vi s kW trn vi 1,340 chuyn sang n v m lc, v d: 1 kW = 1,340 Hp).

Din tch qut ca rotor A, quan trng v rotor l phn tuabin hng nng lng gi. V vy rotor cng ln, nng lng gi cng c hng nhiu. Mt khng kh thay i t khi nhit thay i v cao. Phn loi tuabin gi da trn iu kin tiu chun 15C cao mt bin. iu chnh mt bng cch tng cao nh cp phn thay i mt cao . Thay i nhit nh hng n tui th hot ng ca tuabin. Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

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Mc d tnh ton cng sut gi minh ha cho tm quan trng ca tuabin gi, thng s quan trng nht ca s vn hnh ca tuabin gi l sn lng in hng nm. S khc nhau gia in lng v cng sut in, in lng c o bng kWh l lng in tiu th; cng sut in o bng kW l cng sut in tiu th. Lng in tiu th hng nm kWh/nm l cch tt nht xc nh c th tuabin v thp s sn xut in p ng nhu cu hay khng. Mt nh sn xut tuabin c th h tr bn tnh lng in sn xut m bn cn. H s s dng cch tnh ton da trn ng cong nng lng tuabin gi ring tnh ton, tc gi hng nm khu vc bn, chiu cao ca thp m bn c k hoch s dng v mc lin tc ca gi d tnh lng gi mi gi. H cng phi iu chnh tnh ton ny theo cao ca khu vc bn. Lin lc vi nh sn xut tuabin gi hoc nh bn l nu cn s h tr tnh ton. c c lng s b v vn hnh ca tuabin gi ring bit, s dng cng thc di y: AEO = 0.01328 D2 V3 Trong : AEO = Lng in tiu th hng nm (kWh/nm) D = ng knh rotor (feet) V = vn tc gi trung bnh hng nm (mph) C LNG GI KHU VC CA BN KHNG? Cng gi thi v lin tc c h thng tuabin gi hot ng hiu qu khng? l cu hi chnh v khng lun lun d dng tr li. Ngun gi c th thay i ng k trong mt khu vc ch trong mt vi dm v nh hng ca a hnh ln lu lng gi. By gi, c cc bc bn c th tr li cu hi trn. Bc u tin, bn ngun gi nh trang 11 c th c s dng c lng ngun gi khu vc ca bn. Tc gi trung bnh cao nht thng l dc theo b bin, trn nh ni, tuy nhin nhiu vng c ngun gi mnh h thng tuabin gi quy m nh hot ng hiu qu. Ngun gi c lng trn bn ny thng p dng i vi vng a hnh thun tin cho gi thi nh ng bng, nh i v nh ni. a hnh khu vc c th c ngun gi khc vi ngun gi trong c lng. Thng tin ngun gi c th hn, bao gm bn Atlas ngun nng lng gi ca M, xut bn bi cc nng lng M (DOE), c th tm thy trang web ca Trung tm cng ngh gi quc gia www.nrel.gov/wind/ v website ca Cc nng lng gi ca M www.windpoweringamerica.gov. Mt cch khc o trc tip tc gi nh my o tc gi lin tc ti khu vc cn t thp ti thiu t 1 -2 thng thu thp cc s liu v gi nh tc cao, thp, trung bnh hng thng, ngy, gi c quyt nh ng n v vic c nn u t h thng gi mt cch kinh t. H thng o gi cc loi c gi khong 200500 USD. Ch ph ny c th ln hoc khng ln da trn tnh chnh xc ca h thng tuabin c ngh lp t. Thit b o phi c lp t cao trnh lung xoy to ra bi cy ci, cao c v cc chng ngi khc. Tt nht l nn Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

11 trn cao, cao bng nh thp s lp t h thng tuabin gi. Nu c mt h thng tuabin gi quy m nh khu vc ca bn, bn c th c thng tin v in lng hng nm ca h thng v c d liu v tc gi. TI CHN LA NI LP T TI U CHO TUABIN GI CA TI NH TH NO? Bn c th c cc ngun gi khc nhau trong cng mt khu t. Hn na o hoc tm ra tc gi hng nm, bn cn bit v hng gi chnh ca khu vc bn. Nu bn sng khu vc c a hnh phc tp, phi cn thn khi chn ni lp t. V d, nu bn lp t tuabin gi trn nh hoc pha bn c gi ca qu i, bn s c nhiu gi thng xuyn hn so vi bn lp t chn i hoc pha bn chn gi ca qu i trong cng mt khu t. Ngoi vn kin to a cht, bn cn xem xt cc vt cn tr hin hu nh cy ci, nh ca, bn cn c k hoch cho cc vt cn trong tng lai nh cc ta nh v cy ci mi m n cha pht trin ht cao. Tuabin ca bn cn lp t pha bn chiu ch gi ca ta nh hoc cy ni v cn cao hn vt cn 90m, nm trong khong 90m. Bn cng cn c khong trng nng ln v h tuabin xung bo tr, v nu thp ca bn l loi ging cp, bn cn c khong trng cho dy ging.

Ghi ch :
Obstruction of the Wind by a Building or Tree of Height : Chiu cao vt cn nh nh ca, cy ci Region of highly turbulent flow : Vng nh hng gi cun nhiu nht

H thng cp in ca bn l c lp hay ni vi mng in, bn cng cn phi cn nhc chiu di dy dn ni tuabin v ti (nh, c quy, bm nc). Mt lng in ng k c th b hao ht do in tr dy dn dy cng di, hao ht cng ln. S dng nhiu dy v dy ln hn s tng chi ph lp t. Tn hao ng dy ln hn khi bn dng dng DC thay v dng dng xoay chiu AC. Do , nu bn chy dy di, th cn chuyn t dng DC sang AC. TI C TH NI H THNG CA TI VO MNG LI S DNG KHNG? H thng in gi quy m nh c th ni vi h thng in li. Mt tuabin gi ni vi mng li in ca bn c th gim tiu th in ca bn cho cc tin ch nh thp sng, s dng thit b in v si bng in. Nu tuabin khng cp lng in cn thit, dch v s hn ch. Khi h thng gi sn xut nhiu in hn, lng in d ra s c gi n hoc bn cho dch v. H thng ni vi mng li in c th thit thc nu tn ti cc iu kin sau: Bn sng mt khu vc c tc gi trung bnh hng nm ti thiu 4,5m/giy. in dch v c gi t (khong 10 n 15 cents/kwh).

Yu cu dch v ni h thng ca bn vi mng li in khng qu cao. Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

12 C s khuyn khch bn lng in d hoc khuyn khch mua tuabin gi.

Ghi ch :
Grid-connected system : H thng in c kt ni vi mng li in Wind turbine : Tuabin gi Load : Cung cp in cc b gia nh

Ti c th khng ni vi li in c khng?
H thng hn hp Theo nhn nh ca nhiu chuyn gia nng lng ti to, mt h thng "hn hp" l s kt hp gia cng ngh gi v nng lng mt tri cho nhiu li th hn l h thng n l. nhiu vng ca Hoa K, tc gi yu vo ma h khi mt tri chiu sng nht v lu nht. Gi mnh vo ma ng khi t nh sng mt tri th c th dng c. V th thi gian hot ng nh cao cho gi v nng lng mt tri xut hin l vo nhng lc khc nhau trong ngy v nm, h thng hn hp th thch hp nhiu cho sn xut in khi bn cn n. Nu bnh c qui yu, th my pht in c th cung cp in v np li cho bnh c qui. Thm mt my pht in lm cho cc h thng ny phc tp hn, nhng b iu khin in t hin i c th vn hnh cc h thng mt cch t ng. Mt ci my pht in cng c th lm gim kch c ca cc thnh phn khc cn thit cho h thng. Nn nh rng cng sut lu tr phi ln cung cp in cn dng trong thi gian khng np in. H thng bnh c qui c quy m ln cung cp ti in trong vng mt n ba ngy. Mt h thng hn hp khng ni vi li in c th c ch cho bn nu: Bn sng trong mt khu vc c tc gi trung bnh hng nm t nht 4 m/s. S kt ni li in th khng th hoc ch c th c thc hin thng qua mt m rng tn km. Chi ph chy ng dy in n mt ni ho lnh kt ni vi mng li in tin ch c th cao. Bn mun thu c nng lng c lp t tin ch ny. Bn mun to ra ngun in sch Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

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Ghi ch :
Hybrid Power System : H thng in hn hp PV modules : Mdun nng lng mt tri Wind turbine : Tuabin gi Generator : My pht in Regulation & conversion: B iu chnh & chuyn i Battery bank : H thng bnh c quy

Kt ni n li in s dng: Mt cu chuyn thnh cng Tuabin gi Bergey 10-Kw, c lp t trn mt trang tri Ty nam Kansas vo nm 1983, sn xut bnh qun 1700-1800 Kw/thng, lm gim khong 50% ha n dch v hng thng ca ngi dng. Chi ph lp t cho tuabin ny khong 20.000 USD(tnh theo thi im hin nay 60.000USD). Sau chi ph cho qu trnh hot ng v bo tr c tnh khong 50 USD/nm. Hot ng bo tr khng nh k trn nhiu nm sa cha t xut khi c yu cu nu nh tuabin b trc trc. Tin ng bo him c tnh tt c l 500 USD trong 9000 USD cho chi ph thit hi. Phn phng thc c bn gm: tuabin gi Bergey XL.10 100 chn gn vo thp bin tn lm bng nhng thanh st bt cho nhau.

Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

14 Cuc sng khng ni vi li in: Mt cu chuyn thnh cng

Ngi nh ny c xy dng gn Colorado ( cao 9.000 dm) khng ni vi li in t khi n c xy vo nm 1972. Khi ngi nh c xy dng, th dch v cch xa khong trn mt dm v n s c gi t 60K USD n 70K USD (da trn mc gi nm 1985) kt ni vi cc ng dy in. Ngi ch nh quyt nh lp t mt h thng in hn hp c pht bi gi, nng lng mt tri v mt my pht vi gi khong 19.700 USD. Cc b phn ca h thng bao gm: Tuabin gi Berge 1.5-kW, ng knh rto 10-ft (3-m), thp 70-ft. (21-m). Solaria NNG LNG MT TRI bng iu khin, 480 watts Kho lu tr bnh c qui 24 DC, 375 ampe/gi Sng bin tn 120 AC, 1 pha, 4 kW My pht in dng nhin liu prban Onan, tc 6,5 kW (tc c 3 kW) in gia dng trong nh bao gm truyn hnh, my stereo, hai my vi tnh, bp in, my pha ch, my ht bi v my sy tc. Trng ti in ln nht c to ra bi my bm v my git. My pht in chy trong khong 20% thi gian, c bit l khi cc my git c s dng. Trng ti ln khc c dng trong nh nh bp c l nng v mt bp un, t lnh, my nc nng, khng gian pht nhit. Thu gom nng lng mt tri trn mi nh cung cp hi nng cho my nc nng.

Ti liu ny c bin son da vo phn kin thc c bn ca B nng lng Hoa K .

Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443

15

TNH HNH NG DNG NNG LNG GI TI VIT NAM

1- TIM NNG CA NNG LNG GI CA VIT NAM : Nm trong khu vc cn nhit i gi ma vi b bin di, Vit Nam c mt thun li c bn pht trin nng lng gi. Trong chng trnh nh gi v nng lng cho chu , Ngn hng th gii c mt kho st chi tit v nng lng gi khu vc ng Nam , trong c Vit Nam. Theo tnh ton ca nghin cu ny, trong 4 nc c kho st th Vit Nam c tim nng gi ln nht v hn hn cc quc gia ln cn l Thi lan, Lo, Campuchia. Trong khi Vit Nam c ti 8,6% din tch lnh th c nh gi c tim nng t tt n rt tt xy dng cc trm in gi c ln th din tch ny Campuchia l 0,2%, Lo l 2,9%, v Thi Lan cng ch l 0,2%. Tng tim nng in gi ca Vit Nam c t 513.360MW tc l bng hn 200 ln cng sut ca thu in Sn la v hn 10 ln tng cng sut d bo ngnh in vo nm 2020. Tt nhin, chuyn t tim nng l thuyt thnh tim nng c th khai thc, tim nng k thut v cui cng thnh tim nng kinh t l c mt cu chuyn di. Nu xt tiu chun xy dng cc trm in gi c nh phc v cho pht trin kinh t nhng khu vc kh khn th Vit Nam c n 41% din tch nng thn c th pht trin in gi loi nh. Nu so snh con s ny vi cc nc lng ging th Campuchia c 6%, Lo c 13% v Thi Lan l 9% din tch nng thn c th pht trinna8ng lng gi. y l qu tht l u i dnh cho Vit nam m chng ta cn th cha ngha n cch tn dng. 2- XUT KHU VC XY DNG IN GI TI VIT NAM : Theo nghin cu ca Ngn Hng Th Gii, trn lnh th Vit Nam, hai vng giu tim nng nht pht trin nng lng gi l Sn Hi (tnh Ninh Thun) v vng i ct cao 60-100m pha ty Hm Tin n Mi N (tnh Bnh Thun). Gi vng ny khng nhng c vn tc trung bnh ln, cn c mt thun li l s lng cc cn bo khu vc t v gi c xu th n nh l nhng iu kin rt thun li pht trin nng lng gi. Trong nhng thng c gi ma, t l gi nam v ng nam ln n 98% vi vn tc tring bnh 6-7m/giy tc l vn tc c th xy dng cc trm in gi cng sut 3-3,5MW. Thc t l ngi dn khu vc Ninh Thun cng t ch to mt s my pht in gi c nh nhm mc ch thp sng. c hai khu vc ny dn c tha tht, thi tit kh nng, khc nghit v l nhng vng dn tc c bit kh khn ca Vit Nam. Mc d c nhiu thun li nh nu trn, nhng khi ni n nng lng gi, chng ta cn phi lu mt s c im ring c th pht trin n mt cch c hiu qu nht. Nhc im ln nht ca nng lng gi l s ph thuc vo iu kin thi tit v ch gi. V vy khi thit k cn nghin cu ht sc nghim tc ch gi, a hnh cng nh loi gi khng c cc dng ri vn nh hng khng tt n my pht. Cng v l do ph thuc trn, nng lng gi tuy ngy cng hu dng nhng khng th l nng lng ch lc. Mt im cn lu na l cc trm in gi s gy ting n trong khi vn hnh cng nh ph v cnh quan t nhin v c th nh hng n tn hiu ca cc sng v tuyn. Do , khi xy dng cc trm in gi cn tnh ton khong cch hp l n cc khu dn c, khu du lch khng gy nhng tc ng tiu cc.

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16 3- CC TRM IN NNG LNG GI & ANG XY DNG TI VIT NAM F Trong thng 12/2006, Vin C hc lp mt trm pht in nng lng gi v mt tri ti C Lao Chm, Hi An, Qung Nam c cng sut thit k l 1,5KW lp t cao 10-15m. Theo kho st ca Vin c hc vn tc gi C Lao Chm trung bnh l 910m/giy rt thun li cho vic hot ng tuabin gi. Theo c tnh ban u, ngi dn s ch phi tr 2000 2500 VND cho mi KW/h v c th thp hn nu c s h tr ca Nh Nc.(Trch Bo VnExpress ngy 28-10-2006) F Vit Nam cng c mt d n in gi vi cng sut 50MW l nh my in gi Phng Mai Bnh nh phc v cho Khu kinh t Nhn Hi. Tng u t giai on 1 cho 50MW in l 65 triu USD v gi bn in d kin l 45USD/MW/H. Tic rng tin xy dng nh my qu chm chp (mc d thi gian d kin xy lp ch trong khong 1 nm). F D n phong in ca Cng ty GRETA ENERGY Inc. (Canada) vi vn u t 1.200 t ng ang chun b khi cng x Cng Hi, huyn Thun Bc. Dc theo quc l 1A cc trm tuabin s bm theo dy Ba H, pha ty ngn ni Cha v bng qua cnh ng Nhm n nhng lung gi thi t vnh Cam ranh vo. F Tp on AEROGIE.PLUS ca Thu S va c giy php ca tnh B Ra-Vng Tu xc tin trin khai d n xy dng nh my in gi ti mi Chim Chim ca Cn o c cng sut thit k 7,5MW vi vn u t khong 19 triu USD giai on u d kin i vo hot ng vo cui nm 2010 v d tnh s tip tc xy thm nh my 7MW ti mi C Mp khi c iu kin.(Theo Bo Si Gn Tip th s 144 ngy 10/12/08) F Cng ty KV VENTI ca Czech cho bit, t gia nm ti h s tham gia xy dng 12 d n nh my in gi ti Vit Nam. Hin tt c 12 d n in gi ni trn c cp php u, trong 60% l nh u t trong nc, tng sn lng in ca cc d n khang 1.000 MW. Qua kho st, Cng ty nhn thy Vit Nam c tng tr lng nng lng gi rt ln, gp 15 ln so vi tr lng ca Czech. Theo kho st nh gi ca Ngn hng th giiv nng lng gi khu vc ng Nam , Vit Nam c tim nng gi ln nht khu vc vi tng cng sut in gi c t hn 53.000 MW, gp 200 ln so vi mt nh my thy in trung bnh ca Vit Nam. Mi mt tuabin gi (c cng sut t 2-3 MW) cn chi ph khong 4 triu USD, thi gian xy lp khong 1 nm v thi gian vn hnh s ko di trong khong 25 nm. (Theo Tun san Bo Nhp Cu u T s 110, ngy 08-14 thng 12 nm 2008) .. ng Ing. Peter L. A. Henigin, Gim c iu hnh Cng ty nng lng ti to ALTUS-c: u t in gi mau thu hi vn Hin nay, vi mt a im c gi tt nh VN, gi thnh s l 6-8xu EUR/KWh cho in gi. So vi in mt tri, kinh ph u t cho in gi r hn nhiu v gi thnh nguyn vt liu sn xut in mt tri kh t. i vi thu in, phi mt n 50 nm mi thu hi vn th in gi ch cn 20 nm. Trong cc loi nng lng ti to hin c trn th gii th nng lng gi c gi thnh r nht. Hin nay, nhu cu ny mi nm tng ln 20%, nh vy sau 5 nm, nhu cu ny s tng gp i. y l mt th trng hp dn. Cng ty chng ti hin ang thit k mt cng vin gi vi cng sut 120KW min trung Vit Nam. Nu mi vic thun li th trong vng vng 1-2 nm na cng vin gi ny s i vo hot ng.

Cng ty TNHH Thng mi & Dch v Tin hc ANH DUY Tel : 62624677 Fax : 37752443