Arabic Grammar

for the Holy Quran

Al-Qaem Institute
Imam Mahdi Association of Marjaeya (I.M.A.M.)

Table of Contents: Part I: LETTERS 1. The Arabic Aphabet 2. Vowels 3. Other Accents Part II: NOUNS 4. The Word 5. Prepositions 6. The Nouns 7. Nouns: Singular Form 8. Nouns: Dual Form 9. Nouns: Plural Form: Unbroken 10. Nouns: Plural Form: Broken 11. Detached Pronouns I 12. Detached Pronouns II 13. Attached Pronouns 14. Demonstrative Nouns 15. Relative Nouns 17. Foreign Nouns & Verbal Nouns 18. Phrases 19. Iraab & Binaa 20. Nouns within Sentences APPENDICES 1. Appendix A: Chart of the Word 2. Appendix B: Flow Chart of Nouns Part III: VERBS
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4 5 8 9 10. 12 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 33 38 39

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PART I: LETTERS

1 LESSON THE ARABIC ALPHABET

Raa Dhaal Daal Khaa

Daad Saad Sheen Seen

Zaa

Haa Jeem Tha Ta Ba

Alif Taa

Lam Kaaf

Qaaf Faa Ghayn Ayn Dhaa

Yaa Wow

Haa Noon Meem

:How the letters look within at the beginning, middle & end of a word / / / / / / / / / / /
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LESSON 2 VOWELS
1. SHORT VOWELS (accents) i. Fat-ha a Ba u Bu ii. Damma iii. Kasra e Be

2. LONG VOWELS (actual letters) i. Alif aa Baa ii. Wow uu/oo Buu/Boo iii.Yaa: ee Bee

 ee bee tee thee jee hee khee dee dhee ree

uu/oo boo too thoo joo hoo khoo doo dhoo roo

aa baa taa thaa jaa haa khaa daa dhaa raa

e be te the je he khe de dhe re

u bu tu thu ju hu khu du dhu ru

a ba ta tha ja ha kha da dha ra

 zee see shee see dhee tee dhee ee ghee fee

zoo soo shoo suu dhoo too dhoo uu ghuu foo

zaa saa shaa saa dhaa taa dhaa aa ghaa faa

ze se she se dhe te dhe e ghe fe

zu su shu su dhu tu dhu u ghu fu

za sa sha sa dha ta dha a gha fa

 qee kee lee mee nee hee wee yee

qoo koo loo moo noo hoo woo yoo

qaa kaa laa maa naa haa waa yaa

qe ke le me ne he we ye

qu ku lu mu nu hu wu yu

qa ka la ma na ha wa ya

LESSON 3
1. NUNATION / (Al-Tanween) + = = + = = + = = 2. LETTER EMPHASIS / (Ashadda) += += Tte Llu

+= Ssa

3. SOLAR & LUNAR LETTERS / (Al-Ahruf Ashamsiya wa Al-Qamariya)

In the denitive noun, in Arabic, 2 types of letters follow the alif lam: i. The Solar Letters (uncircled) = lam of alif lam of denitive is silent. For example:

ii. The Lunar Letter (circled) = lam is NOT silent. For example:

/ = Ashamsu / Al-qamaru
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LESSON 4
THE WORD

1. Noun

2. Verb

3. Particle

Pronounced Meaning

Ism A word that indicates a meaning that is not associated with time.

Fil A word that indicates a meaning that is associated with one of the 3 dimensions of time (past, present & future). He did... He does... He will do...
1. precursed by the jussive 2. can apply yaa al mukhatab/of the spoken to 3. precursed by s or sowfa (indicates the future tense. 4. precursed by qad (means may, e.g., Ahmad may go to school. 5. The noon of emphasis (al-tawkeed) 6. The taa of the feminine (al-taneeth alsaakina) 7. The taa of the doer (alfaail)

Harf Indicates a meaning in other than itself.

Examples

He Muhammad A Book Standing

1. It is a ag name 2. precursed by the the identier 3. precursed by the preposition particles 4. Ends with Nunation/ tanween

In Who If When
1. The particles of inquisition under hal- These precurse nouns and verbs. 2. The prepositional particles under fee - These precurse nouns only. 3. The jussive particles under lam - These precurse verbs in the future form only (al-l al-mudaari)

Signs

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LESSON 5
THE PARTICLES: PREPOSITIONS (Ah-ruf Ajjarri)

1. Prepositions
These are 10:

1. min / = from 2. elaa / = to 3. fee / = in 4. alaa / = on 5. an / = about 6. hattaa / = until 7. le / = for/belonging to 8. ka / = like/as 9. wa / = used for oath 10. ta / = used for oath only with Allahs name.
Role: 1. Form Prepositional Phrases 2. Only precede nouns. Rules of Iraab: - Make the noun/ism majroor with the: Kasra or yaa Example:

min sharri il-naasi From the evil of men ta-Allahi By the name of Allah mim al-muslimeena From the Muslims
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PART II: NOUNS

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LESSON 6
THE NOUNS

Overview: Four main points:

A. All nouns are masculine unless they end with pair. B. All nouns are either: i. Masculine ii. Feminine. C. All nouns are either: i. Singular: one only. ii. Dual: two only. iii. Plural: more than two. D. All pronouns are either in the: i. First Person: I, we and us. ii. Second Person: you

, , , or are body parts that are a

iii. Third Person: they, them.

Keeping the above points in mind, let's look at nouns in more detail:

1. Simple Nouns:

A. Common Nouns i. Denite (Al-Marifa)

Al-Kitab (the book) ~ the reference her is to the Holy Quran. ii. Indenite (Al-Nakirra)

Kasan (a glass) ~ the reference here is a general one. B. Proper Nouns (peoples names)/ (Asmaa Al-Alaam)

Ali, Muhammad

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Now, lets start applying the preceding points, one by one: I. All nouns are masculine, unless they end with: i. End with For example:

ii. End with For example:

(Jannatun) Heaven

(Baqaratun) Cow

iii. End with For example:

('Aashooraa') Ashura

(Israa') Ascension

(Hamraa') Red

(Sughraa) Lesser iv. Are body parts that are a pair For example:

(Kubraa) Greater

('Aynun) Eye v. Others: For example:

(Yadun) Hand

(Rijlun) Foot

(Harbun) War II. All nouns are either: i. Masculine ii. Feminine. For example: Masculine

(Naarun) Fire

(Shamssun) Sun

(Ardhun) Earth

Feminine
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(rajullun) Man (thawrun) Bull

(imraattun) Woman (baqaratun) Cow

Exercise: 1. Look into your copy of the holy Quran and nd the masculine and feminine words. Collect 10 of each and write them on a sheet of paper and submit them to your teacher. 2. Find 10 word that are in the denite form and write them down. 3. Find 10 more words that are in their indenite forms. 4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.

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LESSON 7
Nouns: Singular Forms (Al-Ism Al-Mufrad)
C. All nouns are either: i. Singular: one only. ii. Dual: two only. iii. Plural: more than two. In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the singular forms: Rules of Iraab: Subject: takes a Damma Object: Fat-ha Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: Kasra Masculine Singular (rajullun) A Man

Feminine (imraatun) A woman

Singular

(kitaabun) A Book

(jannatun) A Heaven

Exercise: 1. Lets open up the holy Quran and write down 10 singular masculine and feminine word (10 of each). 2. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.

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LESSON 8
Nouns: Dual Forms (Al-Ism Al-Muthannaa)
In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the dual forms (two only) of nouns. To turn a singular form of a noun to it dual form: i. If its the Subject: add to the end of the singular form ii. If its the Object/prepositional/possessive phrase: add to the end of the singular form. Rules of Iraab: Subject: Alif Object: Yaa Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: Yaa For example:

Camel --> Two Camels

+ Singular form + = (jamaalaani = jamallun + aanin) + = (faraashatayni = faraashattun + ayni)

Buttery --> Two butteries 1. Fill in the blanks: Masculine Singular Feminine Exercise:

A Man

A woman

Dual Subject: Dual Object/:

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Prepositional/ Possessive

Two men Masculine

Two women Feminine

Singular

A Book

A Heaven

Dual Subject: Dual Object/: Prepositional/ Possessive

Two books

Two heavens

2. Find 5 nouns in there dual forms of both masculine and feminine. And mark which is in the object and subject forms. 3. Find 5 nouns that are in their singular form that are masculine and feminine. Take these nouns and turn them into the dual forms for the subject, object, prepositional and possessive phrases (as in the charts above). 4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.

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LESSON 9
Nouns: Plural Forms I

(Ism Al-Jam'i)

In this lesson, we will be concentrating on the plural forms (three or more) of nouns. There are two forms of the plural that we must look at: 1. The Unbroken/Sound Plural: Here the original form of the singular noun: i. stays intact, or unchanged ii. with the addition of the: a. if its the subject, or if its an object masculine noun within a sentence. b. if its the subject, or if its an object feminine noun within a sentence. Rules of Iraab: Subject: Wow Object: Yaa Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: Yaa
Masculine:

Object /Prepos./Possessive Singular form

Subject Singular form

+ =
(mu'mineena)
Feminine:

+ =
(mu'minoona)

Singular form

Singular form

+ =
(mu'minaatun) Exercise: 1. Fill in the blanks: Singular

+ =
(mu'minaatin)

Masculine

Feminine

A man of the Book(Christian or Jewish)

A woman

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Dual Subject: Dual Object/: Prepositional/ Possessive Plural Subject: Plural Object/: Prepositional/ Possessive

Three or more men

Three or more women

Three or more men

Three or more women

2. Now nd 10 masculine and 10 feminine words in their plural forms (unbroken) and write them down in their object and subject forms. 3. Identify 10 masculine and 10 other feminine singular nouns and write them in their plural forms for subject, object, prepositional phrase and possessive phrase. 4. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.

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LESSON 10
Nouns: Plural Forms II

(Ism Al-Jam'i)

2. The Broken Plural There is no set rule to turn a singular form to a broken plural. Only certain singular nouns can become broken plurals.

---< ----< ---< (Arjul) (Rijl) (Anbiyaa') (Nabiyy) (Aqlaam)(Qalam) Foot --> FeetProphet ---> Prophets Pen--->Pens

---< ---< ---< (A'yun) (Ayn) (Ayyaam) (Yowm) (Imaa')(Ama) Eye---> Eyes Day ---> Days Servant--->Servants

Exercise: 1. Find 10 broken plurals in the holy Quran and write them down. 2. Find 10 singular nouns in their singular form in the holy Quran and write them down with their broken plural form. 3. Vocabulary: memorize the words from this lesson with their meanings.
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LESSON 11
DETACHED PRONOUNS I (Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla) ii. Attached

C. Pronouns: i. Detached
General Rules:

i. Pronouns act to identify something. Therefore, they will turn something from being unidentied with respect to its owner or doer of an action to dened and known. ii. Pronouns are generally mabnee/unchangeable, except in the dual form.

i. Detached Pronouns: a. As the subject: Singular 1st Person: Me Masc. Fem. 2nd Person: Masc. Fem. 3rd Person: Masc. Fem.
ana

Dual Us
nahnu

Plural Us
nahnu

"

"

"

You
anta anti

You two
antumaa

You all
antum

"

antumaa

antun

He/She
huwa heya

They two
homaa

They all
hom

"

honna
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homaa

For example: a. As the subject: 1st Person: Masc. Fem.

2nd Person:

Singular
I am Muslim

Dual
We are Muslim

Plural
We are Muslim nahnu muslimoona nahnu muslimaatun

ana muslimun nahnu muslimaani ana muslimatun

nahnu muslimata ani

Masc. Fem.

You are Muslim You are Muslim anta muslimun antumaa muslimaani

You all are Muslim antum muslimoona

anti muslimatun antumaa muslimataani antun muslimaatun 3rd Person:

Masc. Fem.

He/She is Muslim They are Muslim They all are Muslim huwa muslimunhomaa muslimaani hom muslimoona

heya muslimatun homaa muslimataani honna muslimaatun Exercise: 1. Using the words listed below, create a chart similar to the one above for each word.

2. Memorize the vocabulary from this lesson.

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LESSON 12
DETACHED PRONOUNS II (Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla) b. As the object/possessive: Singular Dual 1st Person: Me Us Masc. Fem. 2nd Person: Masc. Fem. 3rd Person: Masc. Fem. "
Eyyaaya Eyyaanaa

Plural Us "

"

Eyyaanaa

You

Eyyaaka Eyaakie

Eyyaakumaa

You two "

You all

Eyyaakum Eyaakon

Eyyaahu

He/She

They two
Eyaahomaa

They all

"

Eyaahom

Eyyaahaa The detached pronouns can be found either associated with:

Eyyaahon

1. Pronoun + Noun/Pronoun: in which case, it would be mudhaaf illayh For example:

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2. Pronoun + Verb = in which case, it would be mafool bihhi or the object. For Example: Exercise: 1. Memorize these pronouns. 2. a. Find 10 of these pronouns in the holy Quran and list them as they appear in a phrase or sentence. b. Write if it is an object or part of a possessive phrase.

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LESSON 13
ii. THE ATTACHED PRONOUNS (Addamaa'ir Al-Muttassilla)

Dual Us
naa

Pronouns: i. Attached Pronouns: Singular 1st Person: Me Masc. Fem. 2nd Person: Masc. Fem. 3rd Person: Masc. Fem.

Plural Us
naa

/ "
ya / tu

"

"

You /
ka / ta Eyaakie

You two /
kumaa / tumaa

You all /
tomm

"

/
tun

hu / a

He/She / /

They two /
homaa / aa

They all / /
Eyaahom

"

haa / t

na / hon

(Note: what is before the"/" is attached to a noun, what is after the"/" is attached to a verb.)

Exercise: 1. Complete the words in the chart on the following page.

2. Make your own chart using the following words:

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1st Person: Masc. Fem. 2nd Person: Masc.

Singular Me
I ate My book

Dual Us
We both ate. Our book

Plural Us
We ate. Our book

You

You two

You all

You ate Your book

You two ate Your Book You two ate

You all ate Your book You all ate Your book

Fem.

You ate Your book

Your book

3rd Person: Masc.

He/She
He ate

They two
They both ate Their book

They all
They all ate Their book

Fem.

His book

She ate

They both ate Their book

They all ate Their book

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Her book

LESSON 14
D. THE DEMONSTRATIVE NOUNS (Assmaa Al-Ishaara) D. Demonstrative Nouns A Place Singular
mufrad

Masculine/

Feminine/
Object S./P./P.

Object

Subject/Poss./Prepo.

there thamma /
hunaallika / hunaa

/
that / this

/
that / that

Dual
muthannaa

/
dhaynika

dhaallika / haadhaa those two

/
dhaynika

/
taynika / haataynie

tilka / haadhaa those two

taanikka / haataanie

Plural
jam'un

/ haadhaanie

those more than two uulaa / uulaa-ie

/haadhaynie

those more than two uulaa-eka / haa-uulaa-ie

Important notes: The demonstrative nouns show the use of " , the and the . Each one is used for a spe cic purpose: i. the " - :is attached to the beginning of the demonstrative noun. - is used to draw attention to something near. - For example: haadhaa siraatun mustaqeem

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That is the straight path ii. the - : is attached to the end of the demonstrative noun. - is used to refer to the person with whom you are speaking. dhaallika al-kitaabu laa rayba feehi In that book there is no doubt iii. the - :is attached to the end of the demonstrative noun. - it must precede the . - is used to refer to something far. - For example: Inna fee dhaallika la-aayaatin li-qawmin yatafakkaroon - For example:

Surely, in that there are proofs to people that think/contemplate. General Rules: 1. If both the and the are part of the demonstrative noun, " will not be. For example:

= + +

2. If " is part of the demonstrative noun, will not be. For example:

= + +

3. All demonstrative nouns are mabnee/unchangeable except he dual forms are murab or changeable (refers to end of word). Exercise: 1. Refer to your holy Quran and extract 10 places where you see the use of such demonstrative nouns and write them down. 2. Write one sentence as an example of each item in the demonstrative noun chart.

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LESSON 15
E. THE RELATIVE NOUNS (Al-Assmaa' Al-Mowsoola) Singular Masc.
alladhee He who

Subject alladhaani

Dual

Object/P./P.

Subject/Object/P./P. / al-ulaa / alladheena They all who

Plural

alladhayni

They two who

Fem.

allatee She who

/ al-laa-ee / al-lawaatee They all who

allataani

allatayni

They two who

Rules of Binaa'/I'raab: 1. All are mabnee, except the dual form are: a. marfoo bil alif b. mansoob/majroor bil yaa' 2. The binaa' is with the sukoon. Example:

alladheena yuminoona bil-ghaybe Those who believe in the unseen. Exercise:

Find 10 occurences of such relative nouns in the holy Quran.

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LESSON 16
(Addamaa'ir Al-Munfassilla)

2. FOREIGN NOUNS

2. Foreign Nouns/ (Al-Asmaa Al-Ajamiya)

Rule of Iraab: Subject : takes a Damma Object: Fat-ha Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: Fat-ha

Seebaawayha, Yousuffa, Ibraaheema ,

3. THE VERBAL NOUNS (Al-Masdar)

3.Verbal Nouns/ (Al-Massdar)

He heard --> Hearing

samaa --> samun

--<

sharaba --> shurbun He drank --> Drinking

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--<

NOUNS ENDING WITH LONG VOWELS

(Al-Asmaa Al-Mutallatil-aakhire)

al-asmaa al-manqoosa

Those ending in Yaa /

Short vowel shows nasb/mansoob Does not show because of heaviness jar/majroor

Those ending in Alif /

Does not show in all cases raf, jar and nasb

al-asmaa al-maqsoora

raf/marfoo

Exercise: Find for each item covered in this lesson, nd 10 instances in the holy Quran where it can be found.

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LESSON 17

5. THE FIVE NOUNS (Al-Asmaa' Al-Khamsa)

5. Five Nouns/ (Al-Asmaa Al-Khamsa)

Rule of Iraab: Object : takes a Wow / Subject: takes an Alif / Prepositional/Possessor Phrase: takes a Yaa /

A person of wealth, your mouth, your in-law, your brother, your father

dhu maal, fooka, hamooka, akhooka, abooka

abu muhammadin Muhammads father.

I saw Muhammads father.

ra-aytu abaa muhammadin

dhahabtu elaa akheeka I went to your brother.

takalamta maa dhee maalin You spoke with a person of wealth. Exercise: Find 10 instances in the holy Quran where these nouns have been used.
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LESSON 18
THE VOCATIVE PHRASE (Yaa' Al-Nidaa')
1. Preceding a Noun: Causes no change. For example: yaa muhammad Oh Muhammad 2. Preceding a Possessive Phrase: Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb. For example:

""

yaa saahibazzamaan Oh savior of our time

THE EXCEPTIONAL PHRASE

Preceding a Noun: Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb. For example:

""
(Ellaa Al-Isti'naaya)

ellaa hameeman Except the hellre

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THE NEGATIVE PHRASE

""
(Laa Al-naayya)

1. Preceding a Noun: Changes the vowel from a damma (raf') to a fat-ha. Therefore, causes nasb. For example:

laa darsa l-ghadi No class tomorrow 2. Preceding a Verb: Causes no change. For example:

laa taqrubaa Do not approach

THE DESCRIPTIVE PHRASE

(Assifa wal-mowsoof)

This refers to the noun and the description the proceeds it. Rule of Iraab: The description of the noun follows the noun in its i'raab. For example:

naarun haamiyatun A blazing re

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THE CONJUNCTIVE PHRASE

(Al-'aatif wal-ma'toof)

The letters of Atf : / The Purpose: - To tie together two nouns, phrases, or ideas. Rule of Iraab: The noun after the letter of "atf" (otherwise known as the conjunctions "and"/"or" ) / follow the noun preceding the letter of atf in its iraab. For example: jaaa muhammadun wa alleyyun Muhammad and Ali came.

THE EXCHANGE PHRASE (Al-Badal)

The Purpose: - To give another title to a noun. Rule of Iraab: The second noun follows the second noun in its i'raab. For example:

ameeru al-mumineena Aliyyun The master of the faithful Ali (AS)

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THE EXCHANGE PHRASE (Al-Tawkeedu)

The Purpose: - To emphasize a point. Rule of Iraab: The second noun follows the second noun in its i'raab. For example:

assalaata assalaata Prayer! Prayer!

Exercise: Take each item taught in this lesson and nd where there are examples of them in the holy Quran. Write 5 of each.

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LESSON 19
ERAAB & BINAA (Al-Mu'rab wal-Mabnee)

Nouns

no matter where it is placed:

Mu'rab

Mabnee

The noun's last vowels change depending on where it is placed in a sentence or phrase

The noun does not change in look at all

Pronouns Demonstrative Nouns Relative Nouns

All other nouns

i. Subject: Marfoo' bil-damma ii. Object: Mansoob bil-fat-ha iii. Possesive/Prepositional Phrase: Majroor bil-kasra iv. News: Marfoo' bil-damma

Exercise: Let's review some examples. Compile a chart that lists each type of noun and what it would look like in terms of e'raab or binaa' for the: 1. Subject 2. Object 3. Prepositional Phrase 4. Possessive Phrase 5. Descriptive Phrase 6. Vocative Phrase 38 7. Interrogative Phrase

LESSON 20 THE SENTENCE

(Al-Jumla) Complete (Taamma) Nominal (Ismiyya) Incomplete (Naaqissa)

Verbal

(Fi'liyya)

The noun is part of both nominal and verbal sentences.

This is a sentence that begins with a noun. The nominal sentence is composed of:

1. The Nominal Sentence / +

(Al-Jumla Al-Ismiyya)

ii. News + i. Subject (khabar) (mubtada)

(Allahhu Ssammad) Allah the Eternal, the Absolute.

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In the Nominal sentence, the noun can exist as:

A. Subject:

(Dhaalikka al-kitaabu laa rayba feehi huddan lilmuttaqeen) This Book, there is no doubt in it, is a guide to those who guard (against evil).

B. News :

(Allahhu Ssammad) Allah the Eternal, the Absolute. C. Part of a Possessive Phrase:

(Innaa anzalnaahu fee laylatil qadr) Surely We revealed it on the grand night. D. Preceded by a Preposition:

(waylun likulli humazatin lumazza) Wayl ( A valley in hell) to every slanderer, defamer
Exercise: Look into your copy of the holy Quran and nd 10 nominal sentences that contain at least one of the elements listed above.
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2. In the Verbal sentence:

This is a sentence that begins with a verb. In this type of sentence, the noun can exist as: A. Subject B. Object object + subject + verb

dhahaba ahmadun sabaahan Ahmad went in the morning Rules of Iraab: The verb: Marfoo bil-damma The subject: Marfoo bil-damma The object: Mansoob bil-fat-ha (depends on form of noun).

Exercise: 1. Make a chart listing all of the places where the noun is in the state of raf'. 2. Make a chart listing all of the different places that the noun is in a state of nasb. 3. Write 10 nominal sentences from the holy Quran with the i'raab of each part of the sentence. 4. Write 10 verbal sentences from the holy Quran with the i'raab of each part of the sentence.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A
THE NOUNS

1. Simple Nouns

2. Five Nouns
(Al-Asmaa Al-Khamsa) 1. / Abooka 2. / Akhooka 3. / Hamooka / Fooka 4. 5. / Dhu Maal

3. Foreign Nouns

4. Verbal Nouns

(Al-Asmaa Al-Ajnabiya) (Al-Masdar) -----< Ibraaheem Samaa - > Samun -----< Yoosuf Sharaba -> Shurbun

A. Common Nouns

(Asmaa Al-Alaam) (Addamaair) (Asmaa Al-Ishaara) (Al-Asmaa Al-Mawsoola)

B. Proper C. Pronouns Nouns

D. Demonstrative E. Relative Nouns Nouns / /

hunaalika / hunaa

al-ladhee

(Al-Muttassilla) Obj./Prep./Pos Subject

i. Attached

ii. Detached
Object

dhaallika / haadhaa haadhihi

(Al-Munfassilla)

ka - naa ke he - ha yee

- -

- naa- tu -
te - ta

- yee - oo eyaahumaa - eyaakumaa humaa - antumaa - - eyaahum - eyaakum humm - antum - -

eyaahunn - eyaakunn hunn - antunn

aa - na

- - eyaanaaa- eyaaya nahnu - annaa - - eyaahu - eyaaka huwa - annta - -

eyaahaa - eyaaki hiyya - annti

Subject

haadhayni / haathaani al-latayni / al-lattaani haattaani ullaa / haa-ullaai

al-ladhayni / al-ladhaani

/ /

al-lattee

al-ullaa / al-ladheena al-laa-ee / al-lawaa-ee

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APPENDIX B
THE PARTICLES

1. Prepositions
(Ah-ruf Ajjar)
These are: 1. min/ 3. fee/ 5. an/ 7. le/ 9. wa/

2. Jussive
These are: 1. lam / 2. lan / 3. In /

(Ahruf Ajjazm)

(Asmaa Al-Istifhaam)
These are: 1. hal/ 3. ayna / 5. man/ 7. mataa/ 9. leman/ 11. ayyu/

3. Interrogative

2. elaa/ 4. alaa/ 6. hattaa/ 8. ke/ 10. ta/

Role: 1. Form Prepositional Phrases 2. Only precede nouns.

Role: 1. Form jussive phrase 2. Only precede verbs.

2. lema/ 4. maadhaa/ 6. kayfa/ 8. maa/ 10. kam/ 12. ayyaana/

Rules of Iraab: - Make the noun/ism majroor with the: Kasra or yaa Example: min sharri il-naasi ta-Allahi mim al-muslimeena

Rules of Binaa: 1. Present tense verb: Sukun 2. Present tense plural: hadhf/absence of noon. 3. Present tense ending with vowel: i. wow --> damma ii. alif --> fat-ha iii. yaa --> kasra Example: lam lan yafqahoo lan yarda

Role: 1. Can precede nouns & verbs. 2. Can combine with some prepositions. 3. Interrogative when at start of a sentence. Rules of Binaa: - Depends on the noun itself. Example: man dhaa alladhee yuqridhu mataa haadhaa al-wadu ayyaana mursaahaa

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PART III: VERBS

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