Chun kin thc, k nng ca Chng trnh Gio dc ph thng

Trong Chng trnh Gio dc ph thng, Chun kin thc, k nng c th hin, c th ho cc ch ca chng trnh mn hc, theo tng lp hc. Ti liu ny gii thiu cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu v kin thc, k nng ca Chun kin thc, k nng trong c ch tham kho cc ni dung c trnh by trong SGK hin hnh, to iu kin thun li hn na cho gio vin v hc sinh trong qu trnh ging dy, hc tp v kim tra, nh gi. Gii thiu chung v chun kin thc, k nng ca chng trnh gio dc ph thng I - Gii thiu chung v chun 1. Chun l nhng yu cu, tiu ch (gi chung l yu cu) tun theo nhng nguyn tc nht nh, c dng lm thc o nh gi hot ng, cng vic, sn phm ca lnh vc no . t c nhng yu cu ca chun l t c mc tiu mong mun ca ch th qun l hot ng, cng vic, sn phm . Yu cu l s c th ho, chi tit ho, tng minh ho nhng ni dung, nhng cn c nh gi cht lng. Yu cu c th c o thng qua ch s thc hin. Yu cu c xem nh nhng "cht kim sot" nh gi cht lng u vo, u ra cng nh qu trnh thc hin. 2. Nhng yu cu c bn ca chun

2.1. C tnh khch quan, Chun khng l thuc vo quan im hay thi ch quan ca ngi s dng Chun. 2.2. C tnh n nh, ngha l c hiu lc c v phm vi ln thi gian p dng. 2.3. C tnh kh thi, ngha l Chun c th thc hin c (Chun ph hp vi trnh hay mc dung ho hp l gia yu cu pht trin mc cao hn vi nhng thc tin ang din ra). 2.4. C tnh c th, tng minh v c chc nng nh lng. 2.5. Khng mu thun vi cc chun khc trong cng lnh vc hoc nhng lnh vc c lin quan. II - Chun kin thc, k nng ca Chng trnh Gio dc ph thng Chun kin thc, k nng v yu cu v thi ca Chng trnh Gio dc ph thng (CTGDPT) c th hin c th trong cc chng trnh mn hc, hot ng gio dc (gi chung l mn hc) v cc chng trnh cp hc.

1. Chun kin thc, k nng ca Chng trnh mn hc l cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu v kin thc, k nng ca mn hc m hc sinh cn phi v c th t c sau mi n v kin thc (mi bi, ch , ch im, m un). Chun kin thc, k nng ca mt n v kin thc l cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu v kin thc, k nng ca n v kin thc m hc sinh cn phi v c th t c. Yu cu v kin thc, k nng th hin mc cn t v kin thc, k nng. Mi yu cu v kin thc, k nng c th c chi tit ho hn bng nhng yu cu v kin thc, k nng c th, tng minh hn ; c minh chng bng nhng v d th hin c c ni dung kin thc, k nng v mc cn t v kin thc, k nng. 2. Chun kin thc, k nng ca Chng trnh cp hc l cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu v kin thc, k nng ca cc mn hc m hc sinh cn phi v c th t c sau tng giai on hc tp trong cp hc. 2.1. Chun kin thc, k nng chng trnh cc cp hc cp ti nhng yu cu ti thiu v kin thc, k nng m hc sinh (HS) cn v c th t c sau khi hon thnh chng trnh gio dc ca tng lp hc v cp hc. Cc chun ny cho thy ngha quan trng ca vic gn kt, phi hp gia cc mn hc nhm t c mc tiu gio dc ca cp hc. 2.2. Vic th hin Chun kin thc, k nng cui chng trnh cp hc biu hin hnh mu mong i v ngi hc sau mi cp hc v cn thit cho cng tc qun l, ch o, o to, bi dng gio vin (GV). 2.3. Chng trnh cp hc th hin chun kin thc, k nng khng phi i vi tng mn hc m i vi tng lnh vc hc tp. Trong vn bn v chng trnh ca cc cp hc, cc chun kin thc, k nng c bin son theo tinh thn : a) Cc chun kin thc, k nng khng nhng c a vo cho tng mn hc ring bit m cn cho tng lnh vc hc tp nhm th hin s gn kt gia cc mn hc v hot ng gio dc trong nhim v thc hin mc tiu ca cp hc. b) Chun kin thc, k nng v yu cu v thi c th hin trong chng trnh cp hc l cc chun ca cp hc, tc l nhng yu cu c th m HS cn t c cui cp hc. Cch th hin ny to mt tm nhn v s pht trin ca ngi hc sau mi cp hc, i chiu vi nhng g m mc tiu ca cp hc ra. 3. Nhng c im ca Chun kin thc, k nng

3.1. Chun kin thc, k nng c chi tit ho, tng minh ho bng cc yu cu c th, r rng v kin thc, k nng. 3.2. Chun kin thc, k nng c tnh ti thiu, nhm m bo mi HS cn phi v c th t c nhng yu cu c th ny.

3.3. Chun kin thc, k nng l thnh phn ca CTGDPT. Trong CTGDPT, Chun kin thc, k nng v yu cu v thi i vi ngi hc c th hin, c th ho cc ch ca chng trnh mn hc theo tng lp v cc lnh vc hc tp. ng thi, Chun kin thc, k nng v yu cu v thi cng c th hin phn cui ca chng trnh mi cp hc. Chun kin thc, k nng l thnh phn ca CTGDPT nn vic ch o dy hc, kim tra, nh gi theo Chun kin thc, k nng s to nn s thng nht ; hn ch tnh trng dy hc qu ti, a thm nhiu ni dung nng n, qu cao so vi chun kin thc, k nng vo dy hc, kim tra, nh gi ; gp phn lm gim tiu cc ca dy thm, hc thm ; to iu kin c bn, quan trng c th t chc ging dy, hc tp, kim tra, nh gi v thi theo Chun kin thc, k nng. III - Cc mc v kin thc, k nng Cc mc v kin thc, k nng c th hin c th trong Chun kin thc, k nng ca CTGDPT. V kin thc : Yu cu HS phi hiu r v nm vng cc kin thc c bn trong chng trnh, sch gio khoa t c th pht trin nng lc nhn thc cp cao hn. V k nng : Yu cu HS phi bit vn dng cc kin thc hc tr li cu hi, gii bi tp, lm thc hnh ; c k nng tnh ton, v hnh, dng biu ,... Kin thc, k nng phi da trn c s pht trin nng lc, tr tu HS cc mc , t n gin n phc tp, bao hm cc mc khc nhau ca nhn thc. Mc cn t c v kin thc c xc nh theo 6 mc : nhn bit, thng hiu, vn dng, phn tch, nh gi v sng to (c th tham kho thm phn loi Nikko gm 4 mc : nhn bit, thng hiu, vn dng mc thp, vn dng mc cao). 1. Nhn bit l s nh li cc d liu, thng tin c trc y ; l s nhn bit thng tin, ghi nh, ti hin thng tin, nhc li mt lot d liu, t cc s kin n gin n cc l thuyt phc tp. y l mc , yu cu thp nht ca trnh nhn thc, th hin ch HS c th v ch cn nh hoc nhn ra khi c a ra hoc da trn nhng thng tin c tnh c th ca mt khi nim, mt s vt, mt hin tng. HS pht biu ng mt nh ngha, nh l, nh lut nhng cha gii thch v vn dng c chng. C th c th ho mc nhn bit bng cc yu cu : - Nhn ra, nh li cc khi nim, nh l, nh lut, tnh cht. - Nhn dng c (khng cn gii thch) cc khi nim, hnh th, v tr tng i gia cc i tng trong cc tnh hung n gin.

- Lit k, xc nh cc v tr tng i, cc mi quan h bit gia cc yu t, cc hin tng. 2. Thng hiu l kh nng nm c, hiu c ngha ca cc khi nim, s vt, hin tng ; gii thch, chng minh c ngha ca cc khi nim, s vt, hin tng. Thng hiu l mc cao hn nhn bit nhng l mc thp nht ca vic thu hiu s vt, hin tng, lin quan n ngha ca cc mi quan h gia cc khi nim, thng tin m HS hc hoc bit. iu c th c th hin bng vic chuyn thng tin t dng ny sang dng khc, bng cch gii thch thng tin (gii thch hoc tm tt) v bng cch c lng xu hng tng lai (d bo cc h qu hoc nh hng). C th c th ho mc thng hiu bng cc yu cu : - Din t bng ngn ng c nhn cc khi nim, nh l, nh lut, tnh cht, chuyn i c t hnh thc ngn ng ny sang hnh thc ngn ng khc (v d : t li sang cng thc, k hiu, s liu v ngc li). - Biu th, minh ho, gii thch c ngha ca cc khi nim, hin tng, nh ngha, nh l, nh lut. - La chn, b sung, sp xp li nhng thng tin cn thit gii quyt mt vn no . - Sp xp li cc tr li cu hi hoc li gii bi ton theo cu trc lgic. 3. Vn dng l kh nng s dng cc kin thc hc vo mt hon cnh c th mi nh vn dng nhn bit, hiu bit thng tin gii quyt vn t ra. Vn dng l kh nng i hi HS phi bit khai thc kin thc, bit s dng phng php, nguyn l hay tng gii quyt mt vn no . y l mc cao hn mc thng hiu trn, yu cu p dng c cc quy tc, phng php, khi nim, nguyn l, nh l, nh lut, cng thc gii quyt mt vn trong hc tp hoc ca thc tin. C th c th ho mc vn dng bng cc yu cu : - So snh cc phng n gii quyt vn . - Pht hin li gii c mu thun, sai lm v chnh sa c. - Gii quyt c nhng tnh hung mi bng cch vn dng cc khi nim, nh l, nh lut, tnh cht bit. - Bit khi qut ho, tru tng ho t tnh hung n gin, n l quen thuc sang tnh hung mi, phc tp hn.

4. Phn tch l kh nng phn chia mt thng tin ra thnh cc phn thng tin nh sao cho c th hiu c cu trc, t chc ca cc b phn cu thnh v thit lp mi lin h ph thuc ln nhau gia chng. y l mc cao hn mc vn dng v n i hi s thu hiu c v ni dung ln hnh thi cu trc ca thng tin, s vt, hin tng. Mc phn tch yu cu ch ra c cc b phn cu thnh, xc nh c mi quan h gia cc b phn, nhn bit v hiu c nguyn l cu trc ca cc b phn cu thnh. C th c th ho mc phn tch bng cc yu cu : - Phn tch cc s kin, d kin tha, thiu hoc gii quyt c vn . - Xc nh c mi quan h gia cc b phn trong ton th. - C th ho c nhng vn tru tng. - Nhn bit v hiu c cu trc cc b phn cu thnh. 5. nh gi l kh nng xc nh gi tr ca thng tin : bnh xt, nhn nh, xc nh c gi tr ca mt t tng, mt ni dung kin thc, mt phng php. y l mt bc mi trong vic lnh hi kin thc c c trng bi vic i su vo bn cht ca i tng, s vt, hin tng. Vic nh gi da trn cc tiu ch nht nh ; c th l cc tiu ch bn trong (cch t chc) hoc cc tiu ch bn ngoi (ph hp vi mc ch). Mc nh gi yu cu xc nh c cc tiu ch nh gi (ngi nh gi t xc nh hoc c cung cp cc tiu ch) v vn dng c cc tiu ch nh gi. C th c th ho mc nh gi bng cc yu cu : - Xc nh c cc tiu ch nh gi v vn dng chng nh gi thng tin, s vt, hin tng, s kin. - nh gi, nhn nh gi tr ca cc thng tin, t liu theo mt mc ch, yu cu xc nh. - Phn tch nhng yu t, d kin cho nh gi s thay i v cht ca s vt, s kin. - nh gi, nhn nh c gi tr ca nhn t mi xut hin khi thay i cc mi quan h c. Cc cng c nh gi c hiu qu phi gip xc nh c kt qu hc tp mi cp ni trn a ra mt nhn nh chnh xc v nng lc ca ngi c nh gi v chuyn mn lin quan. 6. Sng to l kh nng tng hp, sp xp, thit k li thng tin ; khai thc, b sung thng tin t cc ngun t liu khc sng lp mt hnh mu mi.

Mc sng to yu cu to ra c mt hnh mu mi, mt mng li cc quan h tru tng (s phn lp thng tin). Kt qu hc tp trong lnh vc ny nhn mnh vo cc hnh vi, nng lc sng to, c bit l trong vic hnh thnh cc cu trc v m hnh mi. C th c th ho mc sng to bng cc yu cu : - M rng mt m hnh ban u thnh m hnh mi. - Khi qut ho nhng vn ring l, c th thnh vn tng qut mi. - Kt hp nhiu yu t ring thnh mt tng th hon chnh mi. - D on, d bo s xut hin nhn t mi khi thay i cc mi quan h c. y l mc cao nht ca nhn thc, v n cha ng cc yu t ca nhng mc nhn thc trn v ng thi cng pht trin chng. IV - Chun kin thc, k nng ca Chng trnh gio dc ph thng va l cn c, va l mc tiu ca ging dy, hc tp, kim tra, nh gi Chun kin thc, k nng v yu cu v thi ca CTGDPT bo m tnh thng nht, tnh kh thi, ph hp ca CTGDPT ; bo m cht lng v hiu qu ca qu trnh gio dc. 1. Chun kin thc, k nng l cn c

1.1. Bin son sch gio khoa (SGK) v cc ti liu hng dn dy hc, kim tra, nh gi, i mi phng php dy hc, i mi kim tra, nh gi. 1.2. Ch o, qun l, thanh tra, kim tra vic thc hin dy hc, kim tra, nh gi, sinh hot chuyn mn, o to, bi dng cn b qun l v GV. 1.3. Xc nh mc tiu ca mi gi hc, mc tiu ca qu trnh dy hc, m bo cht lng gio dc. 1.4. Xc nh mc tiu kim tra, nh gi i vi tng bi kim tra, bi thi ; nh gi kt qu gio dc tng mn hc, lp hc, cp hc. 2. Ti liu Hng dn thc hin Chun kin thc, k nng c bin son theo hng chi tit ho cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu v kin thc, k nng ca Chun kin thc, k nng trong c tham kho cc ni dung c th hin trong SGK hin hnh. Ti liu gip cc cn b qun l gio dc, cc cn b chuyn mn, GV, HS nm vng v thc hin ng theo Chun kin thc, k nng. 3. Yu cu dy hc bm st Chun kin thc, k nng

3.1. Yu cu chung

a) Cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng xc nh mc tiu bi hc. Ch trng dy hc nhm t c cc yu cu c bn v ti thiu v kin thc, k nng, m bo khng qu ti v khng qu l thuc hon ton vo SGK. Mc khai thc su kin thc, k nng trong SGK phi ph hp vi kh nng tip thu ca HS. b) Cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng sng to v phng php dy hc, pht huy tnh ch ng, tch cc, t gic hc tp ca HS. Ch trng rn luyn phng php t duy, nng lc t hc, t nghin cu ; to nim vui, hng khi, nhu cu hnh ng v thi t tin trong hc tp cho HS. c) Cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng trong dy hc th hin c mi quan h tch cc gia GV v HS, gia HS vi HS ; tin hnh dy hc thng qua vic t chc cc hot ng hc tp ca HS, kt hp gia hc tp c th vi hc tp hp tc, lm vic theo nhm. d) Cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng trong dy hc, ch trng n vic rn luyn cc k nng, nng lc hnh ng, vn dng kin thc, tng cng thc hnh v gn ni dung bi hc vi thc tin cuc sng. e) Cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng trong dy hc, ch trng n vic s dng c hiu qu phng tin, thit b dy hc c trang b hoc do GV v HS t lm ; quan tm n ng dng cng ngh thng tin. g) Cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng trong dy hc, ch trng n vic ng vin, khuyn khch kp thi s tin b ca HS trong qu trnh hc tp ; a dng ho ni dung, cc hnh thc, cch thc nh gi v tng cng hiu qu vic nh gi. 3.2. Yu cu i vi cn b qun l c s gio dc a) Nm vng ch trng i mi gio dc ph thng ca ng, Nh nc ; nm vng mc ch, yu cu, ni dung i mi th hin c th trong cc vn bn ch o ca Ngnh, trong Chng trnh v SGK, phng php dy hc (PPDH), s dng phng tin, thit b dy hc, hnh thc t chc dy hc v nh gi kt qu gio dc. b) Nm vng yu cu dy hc bm st Chun kin thc, k nng trong CTGDPT, ng thi to iu kin thun li cho GV, ng vin, khuyn khch GV tch cc i mi PPDH. c) C bin php qun l, ch o t chc thc hin i mi PPDH trong nh trng mt cch hiu qu. Thng xuyn kim tra, nh gi cc hot ng dy hc theo nh hng dy hc bm st Chun kin thc, k nng ng thi vi tch cc i mi PPDH. d) ng vin, khen thng kp thi nhng GV thc hin c hiu qu ng thi vi ph bnh, nhc nh nhng ngi cha tch cc i mi PPDH, dy qu ti do khng bm st Chun kin thc, k nng. 3.3. Yu cu i vi gio vin

a) Bm st Chun kin thc, k nng thit k bi ging, vi mc tiu l t c cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu v kin thc, k nng, dy khng qu ti v khng qu l thuc hon ton vo SGK. Vic khai thc su kin thc, k nng phi ph hp vi kh nng tip thu ca HS. b) Thit k, t chc, hng dn HS thc hin cc hot ng hc tp vi cc hnh thc a dng, phong ph, c sc hp dn ph hp vi c trng bi hc, vi c im v trnh HS, vi iu kin c th ca lp, trng v a phng. c) ng vin, khuyn khch, to c hi v iu kin cho HS c tham gia mt cch tch cc, ch ng, sng to vo qu trnh khm ph, pht hin, xut v lnh hi kin thc. Ch khai thc vn kin thc, kinh nghim, k nng c ca HS. To nim vui, hng khi, nhu cu hnh ng v thi t tin trong hc tp cho HS. Gip HS pht trin ti a nng lc, tim nng ca bn thn. d) Thit k v hng dn HS thc hin cc dng cu hi, bi tp pht trin t duy v rn luyn k nng. Hng dn s dng cc thit b dy hc. T chc c hiu qu cc gi thc hnh. Hng dn HS c thi quen vn dng kin thc hc vo gii quyt cc vn thc tin. e) S dng cc phng php v hnh thc t chc dy hc mt cch hp l, hiu qu, linh hot, ph hp vi c trng ca cp hc, mn hc ; ni dung, tnh cht ca bi hc ; c im v trnh HS ; thi lng dy hc v cc iu kin dy hc c th ca trng, a phng. 4. Yu cu kim tra, nh gi bm st Chun kin thc, k nng 4.1. Quan nim v kim tra, nh gi Kim tra v nh gi l hai khu trong mt quy trnh thng nht nhm xc nh kt qu thc hin mc tiu dy hc. Kim tra l thu thp thng tin t ring l n h thng v kt qu thc hin mc tiu dy hc. nh gi l xc nh mc t c v thc hin mc tiu dy hc. nh gi kt qu hc tp thc cht l vic xem xt mc t c ca hot ng hc ca HS so vi mc tiu ra i vi tng mn hc, tng lp hc, cp hc. Mc tiu ca mi mn hc c c th ho thnh cc chun kin thc, k nng. T cc chun ny, khi tin hnh kim tra, nh gi kt qu hc tp mn hc, cn phi thit k thnh nhng tiu ch nhm kim tra c y c v nh tnh v nh lng kt qu hc tp ca HS. 4.2. Hai chc nng c bn ca kim tra, nh gi a) Chc nng xc nh - Xc nh c mc cn t trong vic thc hin mc tiu dy hc, mc thc hin Chun kin thc, k nng ca chng trnh gio dc m HS t c khi kt thc mt giai on hc tp (kt thc mt bi, chng, ch , ch im, m un, lp hc, cp hc).

- Xc nh c tnh chnh xc, khch quan, cng bng trong kim tra, nh gi. b) Chc nng iu khin : Pht hin nhng mt tt, mt cha tt, kh khn, vng mc v xc nh nguyn nhn. Kt qu nh gi l cn c quyt nh gii php ci thin thc trng, nng cao cht lng, hiu qu dy hc v gio dc thng qua vic i mi, ti u ho PPDH ca GV v hng dn HS bit t nh gi ti u ho phng php hc tp. Thng qua chc nng ny, kim tra, nh gi s l iu kin cn thit : - Gip GV nm c tnh hnh hc tp, mc phn ho v trnh hc lc ca HS trong lp, t c bin php gip HS yu km v bi dng HS gii ; gip GV iu chnh, hon thin PPDH ; - Gip HS bit c kh nng hc tp ca mnh so vi yu cu ca chng trnh ; xc nh nguyn nhn thnh cng cng nh cha thnh cng, t iu chnh phng php hc tp ; pht trin k nng t nh gi ; - Gip cn b qun l gio dc ra gii php qun l ph hp nng cao cht lng gio dc ; - Gip cha m HS v cng ng bit c kt qu gio dc ca tng HS, tng lp v ca c c s gio dc. 4.3. Yu cu kim tra, nh gi a) Kim tra, nh gi phi cn c vo Chun kin thc, k nng ca tng mn hc tng lp ; cc yu cu c bn, ti thiu cn t v kin thc, k nng ca HS sau mi giai on, mi lp, mi cp hc. b) Kim tra, nh th hin c vai tr ch o, kim tra vic thc hin chng trnh, k hoch ging dy, hc tp ca cc nh trng. Cn tng cng i mi khu kim tra, nh gi thng xuyn, nh k; m bo cht lng kim tra, nh gi thng xuyn, nh k chnh xc, khch quan, cng bng ; khng hnh thc, i ph nhng cng khng gy p lc nng n. Kim tra thng xuyn v nh k theo hng va nh gi c ng Chun kin thc, k nng, va c kh nng phn ho cao ; kim tra kin thc, k nng c bn, nng lc vn dng kin thc ca ngi hc, thay v ch kim tra hc thuc lng, nh my mc kin thc. c) p dng cc phng php phn tch hin i tng cng tnh tng ng ca cc kim tra, thi. Kt hp tht hp l cc hnh thc kim tra, thi vn p, t lun v trc nghim nhm hn ch li hc t, hc lch, hc vt ; pht huy u im v hn ch nhc im ca mi hnh thc. d) nh gi chnh xc, ng thc trng. nh gi thp hn thc t s trit tiu ng lc phn u vn ln ; ngc li, nh gi kht khe qu mc hoc thi thiu thn thin, khng thy c s tin b, s c ch tnh cm, tr tu, gim vai tr tch cc, ch ng, sng to ca HS.

e) nh gi kp thi, c tc dng gio dc v ng vin s tin b ca HS, gip HS sa cha thiu st. nh gi c qu trnh lnh hi tri thc ca HS, ch trng nh gi hnh ng, tnh cm ca HS : ngh v lm ; nng lc vn dng vo thc tin, th hin qua ng x, giao tip. Quan tm ti mc hot ng tch cc, ch ng ca HS trong tng tit hc tip thu tri thc mi, n luyn cng nh cc tit thc hnh, th nghim. g) nh gi kt qu hc tp, thnh tch hc tp ca HS khng ch nh gi kt qu cui cng, m cn ch c qu trnh hc tp. Cn to iu kin cho HS cng tham gia xc nh tiu ch nh gi kt qu hc tp vi yu cu khng tp trung vo kh nng ti hin tri thc m ch trng kh nng vn dng tri thc trong vic gii quyt cc nhim v phc hp. C nhiu hnh thc v phn ho cao trong nh gi. h) nh gi hot ng dy hc khng ch nh gi thnh tch hc tp ca HS, m cn nh gi c qu trnh dy hc nhm ci tin hot ng dy hc. Ch trng phng php, k thut ly thng tin phn hi t HS nh gi qu trnh dy hc. i) Kt hp tht hp l gia nh gi nh tnh v nh lng : Cn c vo c im ca tng mn hc v hot ng gio dc mi lp hc, cp hc, quy nh nh gi bng im kt hp vi nhn xt ca GV hay nh gi bng nhn xt, xp loi ca GV. k) Kt hp nh gi trong v nh gi ngoi. c thm cc knh thng tin phn hi khch quan, cn kt hp hi ho gia nh gi trong v nh gi ngoi. C th l cn ch n : - T nh gi ca HS vi nh gi ca bn hc, ca GV, ca c s gio dc, ca gia nh v cng ng. - T nh gi ca GV vi nh gi ca ng nghip, ca HS, gia nh HS, ca cc c quan qun l gio dc v ca cng ng. - T nh gi ca c s gio dc vi nh gi ca cc c quan qun l gio dc v ca cng ng. - T nh gi ca ngnh Gio dc vi nh gi ca x hi v nh gi quc t. l) Kim tra, nh gi phi l ng lc thc y i mi PPDH. i mi kim tra, nh gi to iu kin thc y v l ng lc ca i mi PPDH trong qu trnh dy hc, l nhn t quan trng nht m bo cht lng dy hc. 4.4. Cc tiu ch ca kim tra, nh gi a) m bo tnh ton din : nh gi c cc mt kin thc, k nng, nng lc, thc, thi , hnh vi ca HS. b) m bo tin cy : chnh xc, trung thc, minh bch, khch quan, cng bng trong nh gi, phn nh c cht lng thc ca HS, ca cc c s gio dc.

c) m bo tnh kh thi : Ni dung, hnh thc, cch thc, phng tin t chc kim tra, nh gi phi ph hp vi iu kin HS, c s gio dc, c bit l ph hp vi mc tiu theo tng mn hc. d) m bo yu cu phn ho: Phn loi c chnh xc trnh , mc , nng lc nhn thc ca hc sinh, c s gio dc ; cn m bo di phn ho rng cho phn loi i tng. e) m bo hiu qu : nh gi c tt c cc lnh vc cn nh gi HS, c s gio dc ; thc hin c y cc mc tiu ra ; to ng lc i mi phng php dy hc, gp phn nng cao cht lng gio dc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------