In Hindi Alphabet there are 32 characters to depict various sounds or Phones as given in the table below.

In all these Phones the vowel is an inseparable part; hence, in order to separate them from Characters the sign (Half Key Mark) is used. This means that will be spelt in Roman Script as KA and as K, without the vowel (A). Phone (Alpapran) K Ch t t p y sh Phone (Mahapran) Kh Chh th th ph r h Phone (Alpapran) G J d d b l Phone (Mahapran) Gh Jh dh dh bh v Phone (Anunasik or Panchamaksha) . D n n n m sh

Remaining sounds or Phones of foreign languages can be depicted by putting a Nukta under similar sounding given in the above table. For example, if we are writing (Transliterating) the word File, the sound F is not covered by any Letter given in the above table. Hence we can put a Nukta under the similar sounding Character , in order to differentiate from (Ph) and write File as , but while we transliterate Telephone, there is no need to put Nukta under , because this depict Ph only, and it is a Hindi Phone. From the above table you can see that the Roman Consonants F, Q, W, X and Z are not covered. Hence, in order to depict these sounds or different spelling with a pronunciation similar to these phones, a Nukta can be used as under , , , The Arabic phone similar to Kh and G are also not covered in the above table, hence these can also be depicted by putting a Nukta under and as And .