PERCEPTION, ATTITUDE,

Perception & Perceptual Process

Perception is a essential factor in determining individual behavior both inside & outside orgn.  Perception is process by which individuals organize & interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning in their environment.  Research says that many individuals may look at the same thing yet perceive it differently.  Perception simply means How we view & interpret the events & situations in the world about us.


Factors Influencing Perception:



1.) Perceiver 2.) Target 3.) Situation

Attribution Theory


Two Types of Causes:

1) Internal 2) External

Three Factors of the Attribution Theory:

  

1) Distinctiveness 2.) Consensus 3.) Consistency

Shortcuts in Judging Others:

1.)Selective Perception 2.) Halo Effect 3.) Contrast Effects 4.) Projection 5.) Stereotyping

Specific Applications in Organizations:

1.) Employment Interview 2.) Performance Expectations (Self Fulfilling Prophecy) 3.) Performance Evaluation 4.) Employee Effort

ATTITUDE

ATTITUDE


     

An attitude is a predisposition to act or feel a certain way towards a person or thing. have an emotional charge + or occur within a situation can not be measured directly self reporting or inference are learned not temporary - more or less enduring

Attitudes are learned



In the absence of existing attitude we are open to suggestion

Positive result Goal achievement

Something (object of attitude)

Formation of a + attitude

Types of Attitudes
Job satisfaction Job involvement Organizational commitment

Attitude stability depends on

how closely it's linked with other attitudes  knowledge - cognitive aspect  degree of liking/disliking - affective aspect


Attitudes can be formed to preserve balance in our self image



Have to fit with other attitudes, values, information accepted, what we do Changes in these may cause a readjustment of an attitude
 

eg. John Abraham for Wine Ads. A politician for sports clothes.

Attitude to object vs attitude to a behaviour



The attitude-toward-object model



Attitude is function of evaluation of product specific beliefs and evaluations Is the attitude toward behaving or acting with respect to an object, rather than the attitude toward the object itself

The attitude-toward-behavior model



 

Object: Rolls Royce car Behaviour: purchasing a Rolls Royce