QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS & EQUATIONS

LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: (a)Define quadratic equation (b)Solve quadratic equations by (i) Factorization (ii) Completing the square (iii) Quadratic formula.

Consider a rectangular field with sides of (x-4) meter by x meter. The area of the field is

A = ( x 4)(x) = x2 4x
The expression is known as QUADRATIC EQUATION

Expression and Quadratic Equation

Quadratic Equation - General form of quadratic equation:

ax2 + bx + c = 0
Highest degree is 2 a, b, c are constants and a 0

xR

The methods of solving the quadratic equation are:

Factorizing (this method can only be used

for quadratic equation that can be factorized)

Completing the square Using the quadratic formula

(1) Factorization Method

Example: Solve the following equation using factorization. (i) x2 7x + 12 = 0 Solution (x - 3) (x - 4) = 0 x3=0 or x 4 = 0 x=3 or x = 4 Solution set: { x: x = 3 or x = 4}

(ii ) 2 x + 5 x + 3 = 0
2

solution (2 x + 3)( x + 1) = 0 2 x + 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 3 x = or x = 1 2

(iii ) x - 25 = 0 solution
2

x = 25 x = 5 x = or x = 5 5
2

(2) Completing the square

STEPS: 1) Coefficient of x2 = 1
b 2) Add both sides with 2
2

3) The left side is factorized into complete square 4) Solve by taking the square root both sides

Example
Solve the following equations by completing the square. 1. x2 + 6x - 3 = 0 2. 2x2 4x 1 = 0 3. -4x2 + 16x 4 = 0

(3) Using the quadratic formula

b b 4 ac x= 2a
2

Example
Solve the following equations by using the quadratic formula. 1. 4x2 + 9x 2 = 0 2. x2 x 1 = 0 3. 9s2 + 2 = 12s

EXERCISE
1. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization (a)

5 x (b) 6= 0 + x

w2 +2 =w 3

2. Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square (a)

2 x 3x 1 = 0

2 (b)

3x + 1 = 5 x
2

3. Solve the following quadratic equations by quadratic formula (a) (b)

x +2 x 5 = 0
2

2 x = 4 3x
2