Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)

Subject: Math Quarter First Grade: 9

Title: Quadratic Equations Week: 1

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Illustrate quadratic Equations
Solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring; (c)
completing the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula

Presentation of Lesson:
A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of degree two that
can be written in the following standard form: ax2 + bx + c = 0 where, a, b and c are
ax2 is the quadratic term (degree
two), bx is the linear term (degree one) and c is the constant term (degree zero).

When b = 0, in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the result is a quadratic equation of the

form ax2 + c = 0. For example: x2 16 = 0, 25x2 81 = 0 and 5x2 = 500. In each
equation, b = 0. Furthermore, when c = 0, the quadratic equation is reduced to ax 2 +
bx = 0. That is, in x2 + 3x = 0 and 5x2 x = 0, there is no constant term, c = 0.

Examples:

1. 2x + 5 = 0 is not a quadratic equation in one variable. It is a linear equation

in one variable.
2. 2x2 x 1 = 0 is a quadratic equation in standard form with a = 2, b = -1,
and c = -1.
3. 3x 4 = 5x2 is a quadratic equation not in standard form, in this case we
need to express it in its standard form to identify the values of a, b and c.
To write it:
3x 4 - 5x2= 5x2 - 5x2 (Subtraction Property o Equality)
3x 4 5x2 = 0 (Arrange the terms)
( 5x2 + 3x 4 = 0) -1 (Obtain a > 0, by multiplying to each term of
the equation.)5x2 3x + 4 = 0 In this form,
a = 5, b = -3 and c = 4.
4. (2x + 3)(x 1) = 0 is also a quadratic equation but s not written in standard
form.
Expanding:
2x(x 1) + 3(x 1) = 0
2x2 2x + 3x 3 = 0 (Distributive Property)
2x2 + x 3 = 0 (Combining similar terms)
In this form, a = 2, b = 1 and c = -3.

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A. Solving quadratic equations by extracting square roots.

In order to solve a quadratic equation by extracting square roots, the equation
must be written in the form x2 = c, before extracting the square roots of the left and
right sides of the said equation so as to have the equation balanced. Inspect the given
examples.

EXAMPLES:
Solving for the values of the variable x by extracting square roots:
1. 1. x2 = 9 Quadratic equation in the form x2 = c
Extracting the square roots of the left and right sides
x=±3 Possible values that will satisfy the quadratic equation
To check for the solved values, substitute both +3 and -3 in the given
equation. Also, always remember that a negative number does not have a
square root.

2. 2. x2 25 = 0 Quadratic equation in the form x2 + c = 0

x2 = 25 by Addition Property of Equality
Extracting the square roots of the left and right sides
x=±5 Possible values that will satisfy the quadratic equation

3. Find the roots of the equation (x 1)2 = 0.

Again, applying extracting square roots:
Extracting square roots of the left and right sides
x 1=0
x=1 by Addition Property of Equality

B. Solving quadratic equations by factoring

Only quadratic equation that is factorable can be solved by factoring. To solve
such quadratic equation, the following procedure can be followed.
1. Transform the quadratic expression into standard form if necessary.
2. Factor the quadratic expression.
3. Apply zero product property by setting each factor of the quadratic
expression equal to 0.
4. Solve the resulting equation.
5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original
equation.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
Solve each equation by factoring.
1. n2 + 2n + 1 = 0 Quadratic equation in standard form
(n + 1) (n + 1) = 0 Factoring the left side of the equation
n+1=0 n+1=0 by Zero product property
n=-1 n=-1 by Addition Property of Equality (APE)

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2. m2 + 3m + 2 = 0 Quadratic equation in standard form

(m + 2) (m + 1) = 0 Factoring the left side of the equation
=0 by Zero Product Property
m=-2 m=-1 by Addition Property of Equality

C. Solving quadratic equations by completing the square.

Completing the square includes the following steps:
1.
2. Write the equation such that the terms with variables are on the left side of
the equation and the constant term is on the right side.
3. Add the square of one- des of the resulting
equation. The left side of the equation becomes a perfect square trinomial.
4. Express the perfect square trinomial on the left side of the equation as a
square of a binomial.
5. Solve the resulting quadratic equation by extracting the square root.
6. Solve the resulting linear equations.
7. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation.

Example 1: Find the solutions of x2 - 8x - 9 = 0.

Steps Solution
1. Divide both sides of the equation by the
coefficient a then simplify.In the given
equation, x2 - 8x - 9 = 0, a = 1. x2 - 8x - 9 = 0
both
sides of the equations by 1 because the
equation will stay as it is.

2. Write the equation such that the terms with x2 - 8x - 9 = 0 x2 - 8x 9+9=0+9

variables are on the left side of the equation
and the constant term is on the right side. x2 - 8x = 9

3. Add the square of one-half the coefficient b

on both sides of the resulting equation. x2 - 8x = 9 x2 - 8x + 16 = 9 + 16
Then, the left side of the equation becomes x2 - 8x + 16 = 25
a perfect square trinomial.

x2 - 8x - 9 = 0

Since b = 8,
(b) (8)=4 42 = 16
Thus, 16 will be added on both sides of
the equation.

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4. Express the perfect square trinomial on Thus,

the left side of the equation as a square of x2 - 8x + 16 = 25 (x - 4)2 = 25
a binomial.x2 - 8x + 16 perfect square
trinomial

5. Solve the resulting quadratic equation by (x - 4)2 = 25 x 4=

extracting the square. x 4 = ±5

6. Solve the resulting linear equations. x 4=5 x 4=-5

x 4+4=5+4 x 4+4=-5+4
x=9 x=-1

7. Check the solutions obtained against the Checking:

original equation. For x = 9:
x2 - 8x - 9 0
(9)2 8(9) 9 0
81 72 9 0
0=0

For x = -1:
x2 8x 9 0
(-1)2 8(-1) 9 0
1+8 9 0
0= 0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

Thus x2 - 8x 9 = 0 is true when x = 9 and x = -1.
Answer: The equation x2 - 8x 9 = 0 has two solutions: x = 9 and x = -1.

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Example 2: Find the solutions of 2x2 + 12x 14 = 0 by completing the square.

Steps Solution
1. Divide both sides of the equation by the 2x2 + 12x 14 = 0
coefficient a then simplify. In the given
equation, 2x2 + 12x 14 = 0,a = 2.

x2 + 6x 7=0

2. Write the equation such that the terms x2 + 6x 7=0 x2 + 6x 7 + 7 = 0 + 7

with variables are on the left side of the x2 + 6x = 7
equation and the constant term is on
the right side.

3. Add the square of one-half the x + 6x = 7 x2 + 6x + 9 = 7 + 9

2

coefficient b on both sides of the x2 + 6x + 9 = 16

resulting equation. Then, the left side of
the equation becomes a perfect square
trinomial.
x2 + 6x = 7

Since b = 6,
(b) (6)=3 32 = 9
Thus, 9 will be added on both sides of
the equation.

4. Express the perfect square trinomial on

the left side of the equation as a square Thus,
of a binomial. x2 + 6x + 9 = 16 (x + 3)2 = 16

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5. Solve the resulting quadratic equation (x + 3)2 = 16 x+3=

by extracting the square x+3=±4

6. Solve the resulting linear equations. x+3=4 x+3=-4

x+3 3=4 3 x + 3 3 = -4 3
x=1 x=-7

7. Check the solutions obtained against Checking:

the original equation. For x = 1:
2x2 + 12x 14 0
2(1)2 + 12(1) 14 0
2(1) + 12 14 0
2 + 12 14 0
0=0
For x = -7:
2x2 + 12x 14 0
2(-7)2 + 12(-7) 14 0
2(49) 84 14 0
98 84 14 0
0=0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

Thus 2x2 + 12x 14 = 0 is true when x = 1 and x = -7.

Answer: The equation 2x2 + 12x 14 = 0 has two solutions: x = 1 and x = - 7.

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 Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)

D. Solving quadratic equations using the quadratic formula.

For any given quadratic equation (in one variable) in the standard form
ax2 + bx + c = 0, all you need to do is substitute the corresponding values of the
numerical coefficients a, b and c from the standard form of the quadratic
equation in the formula;

x =
To use it, you must follow these steps:
1. Write the equation to its standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0. If it is already
written in standard form, proceed to the next step.
2. Determine the values of the coefficients a, b, and c.
3. Substitute these values in the Quadratic Formula:

x =
4. Evaluate and simplify the result.
5. Check the solutions obtained using the original equation.

Example: Find the solutions of the equation 2x2 + 3x = 27 using the quadratic
formula.

Steps Solution
1. Write the equation to its standard form 2x2 + 3x = 27 2x2 + 3x 27 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0.

2. Determine the values of the coefficients

a, b, and c.

3. Substitute these values in the Quadratic

Formula:

x =

4. Evaluate and simplify the result.

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We obtained
two equations

5. Check the solutions obtained using the Checking:

original equation. For x = 3:
2x2 + 3x 27
2(3)2 + 3(3) 27
2(9) + 9 27
18 + 9 27
27 = 27

For :

2x2 + 3x 27

2 + 3( ) 27

2 27

27

27 = 27
Both values of x satisfy the given equation.
Thus 2x2 + 3x = 27 is true when x = 3 and x = .

Answer: The equation 2x2 + 3x = 27 has two solutions: x = 3 and x = .

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Graded Performance Task. ( one whole sheet of paper )

Name_________________ Grade and Section________Week No.1 and 2

Learning Task 1: Complete the Table
Given Standard Form Values of
1. 2x 3x2 = 5 a b c
1. 4 x2 = 5x
2. 9x2 = 25
3. 5x 1 = 2x2
4. 2x( x 1 ) = 6

Learning Task 2. Complete the Table

Roots Sum Product
Equation a b c x1 x2 x1 + x 2 x x2
1. x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
2. x2 6x 27 = 0
3. x2 25 = 0
4. x2 + 10x + 25 = 0
5. 2x2 5x + 3 = 0

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Reflection /Journal: (copy and answer in your notebook)

Today I learned about ___________________________________________________________

I like the lesson because ________________________________________________________

I need to learn more about ______________________________________________________

I can learn more if I _____________________________________________________________

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 Simplified Learning and Assessment Sheet (SLASh)

Subject: Math Quarter First Grade: 9

Title: Discriminant and Nature of roots Week: 2

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using discriminant.
Describe the relationship between the coefficient and the roots of quadratic
equation.

Presentation of Lesson:

The expression b2
determines the nature of the roots of a quadratic.
If b2 - 4ac = 0 , then the roots are real and equal
b2 - 4ac > 0 , then the roots are real and unequal
b2 - 4ac < 0, then the roots are not real

Illustrative Examples:
1. Find the nature of roots of the equation x2 + 4x + 3 = 0.

a=1b=4c=3
The values of a, b and c in the equation are a =1, b = 4 and c = 3, respectively.
Evaluating b2 4ac,
b2 4ac = (4)2 4(1)(3)
= 16 12
=4
Since b2 - 4ac > 0, then the equation has two real and unequal roots.

2. Determine the nature of roots of the equation x2 6x + 9 = 0.

a = 1, b = - 6, c = 9
The values of a, b and c in the equation are a =1, b = -6 and c = 9,
respectively.
Evaluating b2 4ac,
b2 4ac = (-6)2 4(1)(9)
= 36 36
=0
Since b2 4ac = 0, then the roots of quadratic equation are real and equal.

Sum and Product of Roots

and

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Sum of the roots Product of the roots

x1 + x2 = x1 x2 =
In general, all you need to do is to write the quadratic equation in standard form and
identify the values of the constants a, b and c. In finding the sum and product of the
roots of the equations:

a. x2 + 5x + 4 = 0, the values of a = 1, b = 5 and c = 4, respectively.

Substituting values in the ratio for
Sum of roots, x1 + x2 = = = -5, while for

Product of roots, x1 2 = = = 4.
Therefore, Sum of roots: x1 + x2 = - 5 Product of roots: x1 2 =4

b. 2x2 5x + 3 = 0, the values of a = 2, b = -5 and c = 3, respectively.

Substituting values in the ratio for
Sum of roots, x1 + x2 = = = , while for

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Product of roots, x1 2 = =

Therefore, Sum of roots: x1 + x2 = Product of roots: x1 2 =

Graded Quiz:

Name: __________________ Grade and Section:_______ Week No. 1 & 2

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a polynomial equation of degree two that can be written in the form ax2

a. Linear Equation c. Quadratic Equation

b. Linear Inequality d. Quadratic Inequality
2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
a. 3s2 + s 4 c. 2x 1 = 5
b. m2 8m 1 = 0 d. 5y2 + 4y 7
3. In the quadratic equation 2x2 9x 5 = 0, which is the quadratic term?
a. 2x2 b. x2 c. 9x d. 5
4. In the quadratic equation x2 + 8x 2 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c?
a. a = 0, b = 3, c = -1 c. a = - 3, b = 0, c = -1
b. a = 1, b = 8, c = -2 d. a = 3, b = 0, c = 1
5. Which of the following equations does not belong to the group?
a. 6x2 - 3x-1= 0 c. 5x -1= 2x2
b. (x + 3) (2x -1)=0 d. 6x + 3 = 2x-1
6. What will be added to the expression x2 -12x + __ to make it a perfect square
trinomial?
a. 6 c. 30
b. 12 d. 36
7. If a = 6, b = 3 and c= - 30. How can you substitute into a quadratic formula?

a. x = c. x =

b. x = d. x =
8. Find the value of the discriminant. How will you describe the number and type
of roots for 3x2- 6x + 2 = 0?
a. Since the discriminant is greater than 0 and is perfect square, the roots
are real and irrational.
b. Since the discriminant is greater than 0 and is not a perfect square, the
roots are real and irrational.
c. Since the discriminant is less than 0, the roots are non-real
d. Since the discriminant is equal to 0, the roots are equal and real.

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9. Find the solution of by extracting square roots?

a. -2 and -1 c. 2 and -1
b. -2 and 1 d. 2 and 1

10. Solve the solution of set of x2 + 12x +16 = 0 by extracting square roots
a. c.

b. d.

Reflection /Journal: (copy and answer in your notebook)

Today I learned about ___________________________________________________________

I like the lesson because ________________________________________________________

I need to learn more about ______________________________________________________

I can learn more if I _____________________________________________________________

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