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(D)WDM : CONTENTS
THE NEED FOR DWDM : FIBRE EXHAUST- ALTERNATIVES THE CHALLENGE: TAPPING THE UNLIMITED FIBRE BANDWIDTH ACHIEVING THE NETWORKING FUNCTIONS IN THE OPTICAL DOMAIN WDM APPROACH TO FIBRE EXHAUST WDM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK SCHEMATIC DIFFERENCES FROM CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM: THE AMPLIFIER FEATURES : AD(DISAD)VANTAGES DWDM SYSTEMS AT PRESENT OPTICAL AMPLITIERS DWDM COMPONENTS NMS OPTICAL BANDS STANDARD WAVELENGTHS: ITU GRID DWDM APPLICATIONS :
BENEFIT TO OPERATORS NEW ISSUES BEFOR PLANNERS ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 2
FIBRE EXHAUST
FIBRE EXHAUST
2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter
10-Gbit/s transmitter
10-Gbit/s regenerator
10-Gbit/s reciever
FIBRE EXHAUST
10-Gbit/s transmitter 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter 10-Gbit/s regenerator 10-Gbit/s reciever 2.5-Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever
1 2
M U X
D E M U X
2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever
DEPLOY DWDM
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 5
EVOLUTION OF DWDM
Late 1990s Mid 1990s 64-160 channels 25-50 GHZ spacing 16-40 channels 100-200 GHz spacing Dense WDM, integrated systems with Network Management, add-drop functions. 2-8 channels passive WDM 200-400 GHz spacing WDM components/parts 2 channels Wideband WDM 1310 nm, 1550 nm
ECONOMICA L
7
JUST LIKE WIDENING OF ROAD USING AVAILAB.E LAND TO MEET INCREASED TRAFFIC
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 8
DWDM BASICS
SINGLE FIBRE
NEW REQUIREMENTS:
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 9
BLOCK SCHEMATIC
OPTICAL SIGNALS. STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 ATM IP
Tx
P1 P2
. . . .
MUX
W D M
DEMUX
Rx
OFA
W D M
P16
TRANSPONDERS
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 10
TM
WDM MUX
O A
WDM DEMU X O
A
P
1-4
P 5-8
11
fixed OADM: P2
P1 P2
P2 P2 P1 P1
P2 P1
Configurable OADM : P1 or P2
P1 P2
OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
P2 P2
ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay
P2 P1
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OADM Connectivity
Omnibus
29 express ch 32 ch WDM
13
14
ADVANTAGES OF DWDM
15
Economics of WDM
Saving of regeneration costs: one optical amplifier for many channels regeneration cost per channel drastically reduced Saving of fibres/fibre shortage Cost effective compared to laying new fibres
17
DWDM Components
Transmit Receive Repeater Add Drop Distribution: Cross connects
18
TP
OA
OADM
OXC
ODEMUX
19
TP
OMUX
OPTIONAL REGENERATOR
O/E
Electrical REGENERATION
E/O
W\L ROUTER
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 21
COUPLER CIRCULATOR
22
OPTICAL CROSSCONNECT T T T T T T T T
SWITCH MATRIX
23
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
Isolator
Coupler
Coupler
Isolator
Pump laser
Erbium-doped Fiber-(10-50 m)
Pump laser
24
25
In-line Amplifier
Tx P1 Tx P2 Tx P3 Tx P4 Tx P5 Tx P6 Tx P7 Tx P8
Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx
DATA IN
7P + Psupervisory
P7 P8
Rx
Tx
Rx Psup
OSC
Network Management
26
OPTICAL BANDS
EXTENSIVE USE OF WAVELENGTHS
DIFFERENT VENDORS:INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES NEED FOR STANDARD WAVELENGTH VALUES
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C BAND
BLUE BAND RED BAND
1560
L BAND
1500
1520
1530
1542 1547
1620
C BAND PRODUCTS ARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE. ERBIUM DOPED FIBRE AMPLIFIERS SUITABLE FOR
C BAND. GAIN IN RED BAND FLATTEST FOR EDFA. SOME MANUFACTURERS PROVIDE 16 CHANNELS IN RED BAND ONLY. OTHERS USE BOTH RED & BLUE BANDS.
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay
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Central P (nm)
Nominal Central (THz) 194.7 194.6 194.5 194.4 194.3 194.2 194.1 194.0 193.9 193.8 193.7 193.6 193.5
Central P (nm)
Nominal Central (THz) 193.3 193.2 193.1 193.0 192.9 192.8 192.7 192.6 192.5 192.4 192.3 192.2 192.1
Central P (nm)
1528.77 1529.55 1530.33 1531.12 1531.90 1532.68 1533.47 1534.25 1535.04 1535.82 1536.61 1537.40 1538.19
1539.77 1540.56 1541.35 1542.14 1542.92 1543.73 1544.53 1545.32 1546.12 1546.92 1547.72 1548.51 1549.32
D N Sahay
1550.92 1551.72 1552.52 1553.33 1554.13 1554.94 1555.75 1556.55 1557.36 1558.17 1558.98 1559.79 1560.61
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LIMITATIONS
DWDM TRANSMISSION IS ANALOG.
THE IN LINE AMPLIFIERS ARE ALSO ANALOG. THIS IMPLIES THAT THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO WORSENS WITH DISTANCE. TO KEEP THE BER WITHIN LIMITS, THE SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED TO BE 3R PROCESSED IN ELECTRICAL DOMAIN. FIBRE DISPERSION IS ANOTHER LIMITATION.
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 30
LIMITATIONS
THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE IS 640 Kms MADE OF 8 SPANS OF 80 Kms. THE ASSUMPTIONS ARE: * FIBRE ATT INCLUDING SPLICE LOSS IS 0.28 dB/km * SPAN LOSS OF 22 dB. * TOTAL DISPERSION IS LESS THAN 12800 ps/nm.
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 31
33
Thank You
Tuesday, January 17, 2012 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDM D N Sahay 36