TRACHOMA

PRESENTED TO: MADAM SURIYA PRESENTED BY: ABID & SEHRISH. 4th-YEAR BSCN.

TRACHOMA.
DEFINITION:  It is chronic communicable inflammatory disease of the eye affecting the conjunctiva & cornea.  A microorganism of the genus chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for this disease.

CHARACTERISTICS.
 It has chronic evolution & is

characterized by  Follicles  Granules on upper tarsal regions  Papillary hyperplasia  Pannus  Cicatrisation

CONTI
 Deformities of eyelids &  Blindness (in many cases)

EPIDEMIOLOGY.
 World wide in distribution  Mainly in North Africa and certain

regions in Southern Africa, the Middle East and pockets in Latin America, Australia and Pacific Island.

RESERVIORS.
 Eyes of infected people  Especially children with purulent

conjunctivitis  Period of communicability is short, of low infectivity & is not communicable after complete cicatrisation.

HOST FACTORS.
 Age  Sex  Community  Secondary infection  Race  Predisposing factors  Environmental factors (season & socio-

economic).

MODE OF TRANSMISSION.
 Direct contact  Direct or indirect contact  Indirect contact.

PATHOPHSIOLOGY.
Transmission of the genus Chlamydia trachomatis to healthy eye

Conjunctival Changes

Fornix changes

Tarsal changes

Corneal changes

Mal-congestion of Palpebral and bulbar conjuctiva

Papilloma to follicles

Epithelium keratitis & trachomatous

Pain Corneal ulcer Lastly the entropian, xerosis of conjunctiva

BLINDNESS

CLINICAL FEATURES.
 Mild itching  Irritation  Headache  Follicles on conjunctiva (after acute

inflammation)  Lacrimation  Foreign body sensation

CONTI
 Slight stakiness of the lids due to scanty      

mucoid discharge Acute muco-purulent conjunctivitis Stained area on cornea Photophobia Scar formation Atrophy of follicles of conjunctiva Constriction of blood vessels

CONTROL OF TRACHOMA.
 Assessment of the problem  Chemotherapy  Mass treatment  Blanket treatment  Selective treatment  Surgical correction surveillance  Health education  NCPB

Roles and Responsibilities of Community Health Nurse

Health Education  Explain demonstrate and pursuide the people for cooperation  Handkerchiefs of infected person should not be used  Infected children should not be send to school  Personal and community hygiene should be incorporated in health education

 Good sanitation  Proper disposal of refuse, cattle dung,

and human excreta reduce the chances of infection