An Outlook of the -term Models

KAI WANG
PHENO INSTITUTE
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON
PHENO SEMINAR
FEB 11, 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
Supersymmetry
Gauge Hierarchy Problem
Gauge Unication
Consistent string theory
Dark Matter Candidate (SUSY with R-parity)
SUSY is introduced only to stabilize M
EW
Why M
EW
: O(10
2
GeV)?
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
MSSM Yukawa Sector
W
MSSM
= Qu
c
H
u
+Qd
c
H
d
+e
c
H
d
+H
u
H
d
Superpotential is holomorphic.
Anomaly cancellation
H
d
=
_
_
H
0
d
H

d
_
_
H
u
=
_
_
H
+
u
H
0
u
_
_
:H
d
=
_
_
v
d
0
_
_
H
u
=
_
_
0
v
u
_
_
vectorial under U(1)
Y
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
The -term Problem
Higgs mass parameter
W
MSSM
H
u
H
d
L
soft
BH
u
H
d
+ h.c.
= 0 : massless charged fermion (Higgsino)
= M
Pl
: Higgs Decoupled
10
2
GeV( M
SUSY
)
B 10
2
GeV( M
SUSY
)
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
Remarks
M
SUSY
scale Higgsino plays important role in SUSY gauge unication
Large B-term in Split SUSY requires ne-tuning to get one Higgs light
but M
SUSY
(Kingman Cheung, Cheng-Wei Chiang, hep-ph/0501265)
Questions in Model Building
How to generate and B scale
How gauge sector works out
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Beyond-SM New Physics Scale
M
Pl
O(10
19
GeV)

B and

L
M
GUT
O(10
16
GeV)

B and

L
M
R
O(10
14
GeV)

L ( Close to M
GUT
)
M
PQ
O(10
11
GeV)

PQ (Strong CP & invisible QCD axion)

M
SUSY
O(10
3
GeV)
Physics Scale in SM
M
EW
O(10
2
GeV)

QCD
O(10
1
GeV)
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Global R-symmetry and -term
Hall, Nomura & Pierce, 2000
W

= XH
u
H
d
+fX(Y
2

2
)
V = |F
X
|
2
+|F
Y
|
2
= |Y
2

2
|
2
+|fXY |
2
at SUSY limit X = Y = 0, F
X
= F
Y
= 0
L
soft,0
= m
2
X
|X|
2
m
2
Y
|Y |
2

_
a
f
XY
2
a

2
X + h.c.
_
X (a

f
)/4|f|
2
M
SUSY
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An Outlook of the -term Models
F
X
[(a

+a
f
)(a

f
)/4|f|
2
+m
2
Y
]/2f M
2
SUSY
= X
(a

f
)
4|f|
2
B = F
X
+a

X
(2fa

a
f
)(a

f
)
8f|f|
2

m
2
Y
2f
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Why New Symmetry?
Under SU(3)
c
SU(2)
L
U(1)
Y
,
L = (1, 2,
1
2
); H
d
= (1, 2,
1
2
)
(even under SU(5), both arise from

5 unless they originate from
SO(10), L 16 while H
d
10)
W = H
u
H
d
+

LH
u
where LH
u
violates R-parity.
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An Outlook of the -term Models
H
u
+H
d
can NOT be vectorial
Flavor Independent case
A
3
= 3 +
3
2
(2(q ) + (u ) + (d ))
= 3
3
2
(h
u
+h
d
)
q +u +h
u
= 2, q +d +h
d
= 2
Induce mixed QCD anomaly A
[SU(3)
C
]
2
G
The symmetry that ensures the absence of bare -term in the
superpotential carries mixed QCD anomaly and is broken explicitly by
anomaly thus a Goldstone.
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Flavor dependent: Naturalness problem Dreiner, Muraryama & Thormeier, 2003
NMSSM: Global Z
3
in Higgs effective potential, may lead to
Domainwall near TeV
Gauge this symmetry
U(1)

: Extra Z

, exotic quark
Anomalous U(1)
A
Symmetry (broken near M
string
)
Guidice-Masiero Mechanism with Anomalous U(1)
A
subgroup
QCD Axion and the accidental Peccei-Quinn Symmetry.
PQ symmetry is explicitly broken by the mixed QCD anomaly and it
will induce axion. PQ arises as an accidental symmetry. Anomalous
U(1)
A
subgroup stabilizes the axion solution.
M
PQ
(f
a
) 10
11
GeV
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Kim & Nilles, 1984; Babu, Gogoladze, KW 2003
M
EW

M
2
PQ
M
Pl
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Anomalous U(1) Symmetry
4D Effective Theory arising from String
L =
_
d
4
ln(S +S

GS
V
X
)
+
_
d
2

_
S
4
(

a
k
a
TrW

a
W
a
+k
X
TrW
X
W
X
) +h.c.
_
S is the string dilaton which is a massless particle carries coupling.
g
2
X
= 2/k
X
(S +S

)
k
a
: KacMoody levels where a: SU(3)
C
, SU(2)
L
or U(1)
Y
Kac-Moody
level k
i
Z
+
for non-Abelian Group, k
1
positive rational number
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An Outlook of the -term Models
[T
a
m
, T
b
n
] = f
abc
T
c
m+n
+d
ab
mnj
k
j
CFT s: Unication: String Theory so central charges of Virasoro algebra
add up implies k
i
should not be large.
A

(x)
S S +

2

GS
(x)
Anomalous Symmetry
TrQ
i
= 0
Anomaly Induced Fayet-Illiopoulos term
D = (

i
q
i
|

Q
i
|
2
+)
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An Outlook of the -term Models
where
=
g
2
TrQ
i
192
2
M
2
Pl
Green-Schwarz Anomaly Cancellation Mechanism
Cancellation of anomalies by the modied transformation law of p-form
potential in Chern-Simons terms.
A
3
k
3
=
A
2
k
2
=
A
1
k
1
=
A
Gravity
24
=
GS
A
n
: mixed anomalies of [SU(n)]
2
U(1)
A
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
Guidice-Masiero Mechanism & Anomalous U(1)
SUGRA mediated SUSY Breaking
Gaugino Mass
_
d
2
W

Z/M
Pl
_
d
4
H
u
H
d
Z

/M
Pl
F
Z
/M
Pl

R-symmetry: gaugino being charged to distinguish the superpotential from K alher
potential.
Absence of -term in the superpotential
Only arises in K alher potential
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An Outlook of the -term Models
Z
4
q u d l e n h

h (A
2
, A
3
)
Assignment 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 (3, 1)
Babu, Gogoladze, KW 2002
Why discrete? Low energy effective theory only contains this gauge freedom.
Automatic gauged R-parity (Z
2
subgroup of the I
3R
)
Compatible with SO(10)
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An Outlook of the -term Models
DineFischlerSrednickiZhitnitskii (DFSZ) Axion
W
DFSZ
= H
u
H
d
S
2
/M
Pl
A New Physics scale: M
PQ
, M
SUSY
M
2
PQ
/M
Pl
Explanation of and B
Axion: the Strong CP problem and Dark matter candidate
Questions needed to be addressed
How to naturally generate M
PQ
: Dynamical or Higgs
A Complete Model with the appropriate symmetry
Phenomenology Implication
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
W
DFSZ
=
1
H
u
H
d
S
2
M
Pl
+
2
(S

S)
2
M
Pl
+
S
n
M
n3
Pl
V = (
2
C
(S

S)
2
M
Pl
+h.c) +m
S
2
|S|
2
+m

S
2
|

S|
2
+ 4
2
|S

S|
2
M
2
Pl
(|S|
2
+|

S|
2
)
f
2
a
=
C

C
2
12m
S
2
12
2
M
Pl
:f
a
= |S| =
_
|

S|
_

_
M
Pl
M
SUSY
10
11
GeV
O(TeV) axino and saxino
F
S
M
PQ
M
SUSY
M
2
PQ
/M
Pl
M
SUSY
B SF
S
/M
Pl
M
2
SUSY
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
More on Anomalous U(1)
A
Stabilize the axion solution
Flavor physics
parametrization naturally from U(1)
A
breaking
D-term splitting
Anomalous U(1) mediated SUSY Breaking Dvali & Pomarol, Mohapatra & Riotto
D-term breaking
additional -term problem
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An Outlook of the -term Models
SUSYGUTs
Conventional Doublet-triplet Splitting in SUSYGUTs
Fine-tuned SUSY SU(5) GUT
matter 10 +

5 + 1
Higgs 24
H
, {5
H
,

5
H
} contain color triplets (p K
+
)
Yukawa
10
i
10
j
5
H
+10
i

5
j

5
H
Doublet-triplet Splitting
W =

5
H
(24
H
+M)5
H
24
H
= diag(1, 1, 1,
3
2

3
2
)V
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
M
H
c
= V +M O(M
GUT
)
M
H
=
3
2
V +M
Economic Higgs sector
Fine tuning
d = 5 Proton decay (Color Higgsino)
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An Outlook of the -term Models
SUSY SO(10) GUT with Non-renormalizable Yukawa
matter 16
i
(contains
R
and seesaw)
Higgs 45
H
, 10
H
, 16
H
,

16
H
Yukawa
16
i
16
j
10
H
+ 16
i
16
j

16
H

16
H
/M
Pl
seesaw m
D
m
t
, m
R
M
2
GUT
/M
Pl
,
m

m
2
D
/m
R
Doublet-triplet Splitting (Dimopolous-Wilczek):
W = 10
H
45
H
10

H
+M10

H
10

H
45
H
= diag(a, a, a, 0, 0) i
2
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
U(1)
BL
breaking triplets only
Proton Decay (10
H
couples to matter)
Unication (10

H
mass M)
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
Anomalous U(1)
A
and GUT Compatibility : G
GUT
U(1)
A
Gauge Anomaly Cancelation: A GUT compatible symmetry automatically
satises GS.
Spontaneous Symmetry breaking does not induce gauge anomalies.
SU(5) U(1)
A
W
Yukawa
=
ij
u
10
i
10
j
H
u
+
ij
d
10
i

5
j
H
d
A
3
= 3 +
N
g
2
[2(10 ) + (10 ) + (

5 )]
A
2
= 2 +
N
g
2
[3(10 ) + (

5 )] +
1
2
(h
u
+h
d
2)
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005
An Outlook of the -term Models
From GSM
h
u
+h
d
= 4, L
_
d
2
W, Q
W
= 2
Absence of bare -term in W unless a non-R symmetry
PQ symmetry and R symmetry
PHENO, UW-Madison PHENO Seminar, Feb 11 2005