Rotation & Revolution

Although often confused, there is a distinct and important difference in the concepts of revolution and rotation. Earth rotates on its axis as it revolves around the Sun. Earth rotates about its axis at approximately 15 angular degrees per hour. Rotation dictates the length of the diurnal cycle (i.e, the day/night cycle), creates "time zones" with differing local noons, and also causes the apparent movement of the Moon, stars, and planets across the "celestial sphere". The rotation of Earth is eastward (from west to east) making the apparent rotation of the celestial sphere from east to west. The rates of rotation and revolution are functions of a planet's mass and orbital position. For example, the mass of Jupiter is approximately 317.5 times Earth's mass and the rotation time (the time for Jupiter to revolve once about its axis) is approximately nine hours. Earth takes approximately 365.25 days to complete one revolution around the Sun in a slightly elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focal point of the ellipse. Ranging between the extremes of perihelion (closest approach) in January and aphelion (most distant orbital position) in July, Earth's orbital distance from the Sun ranges from approximately 91.5 to approximately 94 million miles (147151 million km), respectively. Although these distances seem counterintuitive to residents of the Northern Hemisphere who experience summer in July and winter in Januarythe seasons are not nearly as greatly affected by distance as they are by changes in solar illumination caused by the fact that Earth's polar axis is inclined 23.5 degrees from the perpendicular to the ecliptic (the plane of the solar system through or near which most of the planet's orbits travel) and because the Earth exhibits parallelism (currently toward Polaris, the North Star) as it revolves about the Sun. At the extreme of the solar system, Pluto, usually the most distant planet (i.e., at certain times Neptune's orbit actually extends farther than Pluto's orbit) takes approximately 247 Earth years (the time it takes the Earth to revolve about the Sun) to complete one orbital revolution about the Sun. Rotation, revolution, polar tilt, parallelism, and Earth's oblate spheroid shape combine to produce an unequal distribution of solar energy, the changing of seasons, the changing lengths of day and night, and influence the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans. In addition to Earth's rotation about the Sun, the solar system is both moving with the Milky Way galaxy and revolving around the galactic core.

Day & Night Occur

Day and night occur because of earths rotation. It turns dark outside when the sun is on the other side of earth. All of this happens during the 24 hour cycle.Basiclly I'm saying is when the Earth rotates on its axis day and night occur.

Dry seasons
The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which oscillates from the northern to the southern tropics over the course of the year. The tropical rain belt lies in the southern hemisphere roughly from October to March, and during this time the northern tropics experience a dry season in which precipitation is more rare, and days are typically sunny throughout. From April to September, the rain belt lies in the northern hemisphere, and the southern tropics experience their dry

season. Under the Kppen climate classification, for tropical climates, a dry season month is defined as a month where average precipitation is below 60 millimetres (2.4 in). [1] The dry season is characterized by its low humidity, and some watering holes and rivers drying up. Because of the lack of these watering holes, many grazing animals are forced to migrate due to the lack of water and feed to more fertile spots. Examples of such animals are zebras, elephants,[2] and wildebeest. Because of the lack of water in the plants, bushfires are common.[3] Data shows that in Africa, the advent of the Dry Season coincides with a rise in the cases of measles--which researchers believe might be attributed to the higher concentration of people in the dry season, as agricultural operations are all but impossible without irrigation. During this time, some farmers move into cities, creating hubs of higher population density, and allowing disease to spread more easily.[4] The rain belt reaches roughly as far north as the Tropic of Cancer and as far south as the Tropic of Capricorn. Near these latitudes, there is one wet season and one dry season annually. On the equator, there are two wet and two dry seasons as the rain belt passes over twice a year, once moving north and once moving south. Between the tropics and the equator, locations may experience a short wet and a long wet season. Local geography may substantially modify these climate patterns, however. New data shows that in the South American Amazon Rainforest, foliage growth and coverage varies in between the dry and wet seasons-with approximately 25% more leaves and faster growth in the dry season. Researchers believe that the Amazon itself has an effect in bringing the onset of the wet season; by growing more foliage, it evaporates more water.[5] However, this growth appears only in the undisturbed parts of the Amazon, where researchers believe roots can reach deeper and gather more rain water.[6] It has also been shown that the ozone levels differ between the dry and wet seasons in the Amazon, with the level being substantially higher in the dry season than in wet season.[7]

wet seasons
The wet season, or rainy season, is the time of year, covering one or more months, when most of the average annual rainfall in a region occurs.[1] The term green season is also sometimes used as aeuphemism by tourist authorities.[2] Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropicsand subtropics.[3] Under the Koppen climate classification, for tropical climates, a wet season month is defined as a month where average precipitation is 60 millimetres (2.4 in) or more. [4] In contrast to areas with savanna climates and monsoon regimes, mediterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall is equally [5] distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid-season, when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season.[6] When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours. The wet season is a time when air quality improves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows significantly, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime. Often, the previous dry season leads to food shortages in the wet season, as the crops have yet to mature.

Winter
Winter is the coldest season of the year in temperate climates, between autumn and spring. At the winter solstice, the days are shortest and the nights are longest, with days lengthening as the season progresses after the solstice.

summer
Summer is the warmest of the four temperate seasons, between spring and autumn. At the summersolstice, the days are longest and the nights are shortest, with day-length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to climate, culture, and tradition, but when it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.

spring
Spring is one of the four temperate seasons, the transition period between winter andsummer. Spring and "springtime" refer to the season, and broadly to ideas of rebirth, renewal and regrowth. The specific definition of the exact timing of "spring" varies according to local climate, cultures and customs. At the spring equinox, days are close to 12 hours long with day length increasing as the season progresses.

Autumn
Autumn is one of the four temperate seasons. Autumn marks the transition from summerinto winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere) when the arrival of night becomes noticeably earlier. The equinoxes might be expected to be in the middle of their respective seasons, but temperature lag (caused by the thermal latency of the ground and sea) means that seasons appear later than dates calculated from a purely astronomical perspective. The actual lag varies with region. Some cultures regard the autumnal equinox as "mid-autumn", others with a longer lag treat it as the start of autumn.[1] Meteorologists (and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere)[2] use a definition based on months, with autumn being September, October and November in the northern hemisphere,[3] and March, April and May in the southern hemisphere. In North America, autumn is usually considered to start with the September equinox.[4] In traditional East Asian solar term, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on about 7 November. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service,Met ireann, are September, October and November.[5] However, according to the Irish Calendar which is based on ancient Gaelic traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months ofAugust, September, and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In Australia, autumn officially begins on March 1st and ends May 31st[6] According to United States tradition, autumn runs from the day after Labor Day (i.e. the Tuesday following the first Monday of September) throughThanksgiving (i.e. the fourth Thursday in November), after which the holiday season that demarcates the unofficial beginning of winter begins.