Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Step 8: Power supply components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Step 9: Motor controller case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Step 10: Electrical wiring - Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Step 11: Electrical wiring - Motor controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Step 12: Testing the stepper motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Step 13: Machining mechanical components - Aluminum profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 File Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Step 14: Machining mechanical components - Linear shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 File Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Step 15: Machining mechanical components - Trapezoidal lead screws and nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 File Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Step 16: Machining mechanical components - Ball bushing supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 File Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Step 17: Mechanical assembly - Z axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Step 18: Mechanical assembly - X axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Step 19: Mechanical assembly - Y axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Step 20: Mounting all the axis together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Step 21: Mounting the motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Step 22: Mounting the cable suports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Step 23: Motor wire conections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Step 24: Limit switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Step 25: CNC Software configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Step 26: Testing the Mini CNC machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Related Instructables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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Author:berbefarac
I am a mechanical engineer, passionate d by CNC machines.
Image Notes 1. Testing on paper until I will get some cylindrical end mils
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Total cost213.8$
The product code for ITEM 120x30 aluminum profiles is 0.0.419.04 and for the ITEM 60x30 aluminum profiles is 0.0.419.04
Image Notes 1. YZ gantry 2. Z shafts and lead screws Image Notes 1. Y axis components
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Cost:67.2$ 4) Trapezoidal cylindrical Nuts that I made on a lathe in a local workshop: 16mm with 4mm pitch nut 1 piece with 32mm outer diameter and 32mm long 16mm with 4mm pitch nut 2 pieces with 24mm outer diameter and 24mm long
Cost:30$
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Total cost323.95$
A unipolar stepper motor has two windings per phase, one for each direction of magnetic field. The motor has only five leads. Bipolar motors have a single winding per phase. The current in a winding needs to be reversed in order to reverse a magnetic pole. There are two leads per phase, none are common. The difference is: Unipolar and Bipolar Half Coil, because we're using less turns, doesn't give us great low speed torque, but because of the low inductance, holds the torque out to high speeds. Bipolar Series uses the full coil so it gives very good low speed torque. But because of the high inductance, the torque drops off rapidly. Bipolar Parallel also uses the full coil so it gives good low speed performance. And its low inductance allows the torque to be held out to high speeds. But remember, we must increase current by 40% to get those advantages.
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Image Notes 1. Power input 2. Relay spindle interface - used to start and stop the spindle with the cnc softvare 3. Parallel port - to connect your CNC to the PC 4. Motor connections 5. Homing limit switches
Image Notes 1. 600W toroidal transformer 2. 50Amps rectifying bridge 3. 20000F capacitor 4. 20A Fuse
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Image Notes 1. Driver board 2. 20000F capacitor 3. Rectifying bridge mounted on a heat sink. 4. Connector pins to mount on the ends of the wires.
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Image Notes 1. The two common wires from the driver board are connect to the common wires from the motor.
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Image Notes 1. E-stop input. 2. Y motor output 3. Z limit switches 4. 4th motor output
Image Notes 1. Power supply input (20-40VDC) 2. X motor outpot 3. X limit switches 4. Z motor output 5. Z limit switches
In this test i tried to connect the motor with a serial cable but it was to thin for the current that was passing it so it was heating very fast. But the connections were good so I just replaced the cables back with thicker ones, as you seen d in the previous steps.
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Image Notes 1. Here you can see that I wanted to use a serial cable to connect the motors but the wires of the cable were to thin and they were heating up.
Image Notes 1. Drill a hole so the linear bearings will fit in tight. Also the holes must be in the same plane and collinear. 2. Pocket hole for the trapezoidal nut
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Image Notes 1. Shaft support holes deep of 5mm and a hole for the screw that fixes the shaft to the aluminum profile. 2. Bearing support hole and a hole hole the motor shaft.
File Downloads
Z Part.dxf (647 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Z Part.dxf']
X Y carriage.dxf (941 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'X Y carriage.dxf']
Y cross.dxf (598 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Y cross.dxf']
Y side parts.dxf (850 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Y side parts.dxf']
X Base.dxf (779 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'X Base.dxf']
z_part.pdf (214 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'z_part.pdf']
xy_and_yz_carriage.pdf (307 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'xy_and_yz_carriage.pdf']
y_cross.pdf (185 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'y_cross.pdf']
y_side_parts.pdf (290 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'y_side_parts.pdf']
x_base.pdf (259 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'x_base.pdf']
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Image Notes 1. Drill hole so you ca fix the shafts to the frame.
File Downloads
Shafts and threaded rod.dxf (4 MB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Shafts and threaded rod.dxf']
shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf (1 MB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf']
Step 15: Machining mechanical components - Trapezoidal lead screws and nuts
The next step will be to machine the ends of the trapezoidal lead screws so you can mount the bearings. This will also need a lathe to make the ends more accurately so that the bearings wont be moving in all directions. The trapezoidal nuts were made from scratch, out of POM or Polyoxymethylene that is "an engineering thermoplastic used in precision parts that require high stiffness, low friction and excellent dimensional stability " There are two types of 16mm trapezoidal nuts, first one has 32 mm outer diameter and 32mm in length (one piece) and the second one has 24mm outer diameter and 24 in length.
File Downloads
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Shafts and threaded rod.dxf (4 MB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Shafts and threaded rod.dxf']
shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf (1 MB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf']
File Downloads
Ball bearing suport.dxf (329 KB) [NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Ball bearing suport.dxf']
Now will mount the ball bushings in all 4x26mm holes of the aluminum profile them will mount the trapezoidal nut in to the 24mm hole. Next mount the trapezoidal lead screw in to the trapezoidal nut and then mount the 2 pieces of 6000zz ball bearings in to the 26mm hole of the 120x60x30 aluminum profile. Insert the 2 shafts into the ball bushings and then mount the 2 pieces of aluminum profiles at each end of the shafts and trapezoidal screw. The last operation is to mount the screws in to the shafts hole to fix the whole assembly.
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For start mount the ball bushings in the 2x32 holes of the 380x60x30 aluminum profile and then the trapezoidal nut in the 32 hole from the middle of the aluminum profile. Mount the 2 pieces of 6000zz ball bearings in the 2x26 holes of each 400x120x30 aluminum profiles and 2 pieces of 20mm ball bushings in to each ball bushing supports. Now insert the shafts in the mounted ball bushings and the trapezoidal screw in the trapezoidal nut and then mount the 2 pieces of 400x120x30 aluminum profiles at each end of shafts and trapezoidal screw. Fix the shafts on to the 400x120x30 aluminum profiles with the 4 pieces of M5x40mm screws.
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The first thing you`ll have to do is to mount all the 16mm ball bushings and the 16mm by 24mm trapezoidal nut in the 120x120x30 aluminum profile like in step 6 and then insert the shafts in the mounted ball bushings and the trapezoidal lead screw in the trapezoidal nut. Mount the 2 pieces of the 6000zz ball bearings in the 26 hole of each 400x120x30 aluminum profiles. Next mount the 400x120x30 aluminum profiles at each end of the shafts and fix them together with the 4 pieces of M5x40mm screws.
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Image Notes
Image Notes
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