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-1-

aer0if tifyg,mudk xlaxmifcsiMf uwJh rif;wd&Yk UJ xH;k pHtwdik ;f tdref ;D csi;f rif;[m e,fcsUJ zdt
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-2-

tcef; (3)

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-3-

'DtaMumif;udk oDaygrif;udk,fwdkif tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyfxH ckvdkpma&;awmif;qdkcJhwmudk

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-4-

'DtaMumif;awG awG;rdwdkif; pm;vdkYvnf; ajzmifhrSmr[kwfbl;/ tdyfvdkYvnf; ajzmifhrSmr[kwfbl;/

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xm;&ovdk jzpfaerSmyg/ tJ'gaMumifh ydkqif;&J&ayraygh/

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-5-

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-6-

&efolYxH vuf0g;jzefY awmif;cHae&aom oDaygbk&if

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-7-

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-8-

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pHtdrfawmft&m&Sd uGrfbm (&wem*D&d ed'gef; (71-72)
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-9-

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&wem*D&d (215)
- 10 -

tckvdk bHkabbk&ifcH udk,fwdkifu oDaygbk&ifbufrSm r&Sdavawmh bk&ifcHcsKyfuvnf;

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- 11 -

aiGawmh xkwfay;r,f/ 'gayrJh vpOfaxmufyHhaiG (5500)xJu t&pfus pepfeJY (5000)jynfhaatmif

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- 12 -

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&wem*D&d ed'gef; (214)
bk&ifcHcsKyfESifh oDaygrif;tMum;rSm bHkabbk&ifcHu Mum;0ifndEdIif;ay;wm[m rQww,fvdkY
qdk&r,f/ bHkabbk&ifcHu bk&ifcHcsKyfxH ckvdktBuHKjyKpm yl;wGJwifjyvdkufygw,f/
bk&ifa[mif;ESifh &wem*D&daumvdyfawmft&m&Sd? wm0efcH t&m&SdwdkYMum;wGif (His Majesty
the Ex-King) ]]t&Sir
f if;jrwf}}[k ac:qdak pNy;D ]]jrifjh rwfaom}}[laom tmvkyb
f UJG emr toH;k tEIe;f udrk l
bk&ifa[mif;\ w&m;0ifpmESifh tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif oHk;pGJoifhaMumif; jzpfayonf/
&wem*D&d (215)
'gayrJh r&cJyh gbl;/ tdE,
d bk&ifccH sKyu
f vH;k 0wpfcsuv
f w
T u
f kd y,fcsypfvu
kd w
f ,f/ olUoabmu
NAdwdoQ tifyg,mrSm (His Majesty) ]]t&Sifrif;jrwf}}*kPfyk'feJY xdkufwefol[m NAdwdefbk&ifrif;jrwf
wpfyg;wnf; jzpfw,f/oDaygrif;udk ]]t&Sirf if;jrwf}}vdYk ac:&if tdE,
d bk&ifccH sKyx
f ufawmif tqifjh rifh
aevdrfhr,f/ tdEd,r[m&mZm (apmfbGm;)awGxJrSm t<u,f0qHk;eJY tqifhjrifhqHk;jzpfwJh [dkuf'&mbufrS
- 13 -

EdkifZHr[m&mZmudkawmif (His Highness) ]]jrifhjrwfaom}}qdkwJh *kPfyk'favmufyJ oHk;pGJcGifhjyKcJhw,f/

'gaMumifh oDaygrif;twGuf ]]t&Sirf if;jrwf}}*kPyf 'k u
f kd oH;k pGcJ iG rhf jyKEikd b
f ;l qdNk y;D y,fcsvu
kd w
f myg/ tJ't
D pm;
]]jrifhjrwfaom}}qdkwJh omref*kPfyk'fudkyJ oHk;pGJ&r,fvdkY rnmrwm trdefYxyfcsjyefw,f/
bk&ifeJYapmfbGm; wef;ndvdkY b,fjzpfrvJaemf/ apmfbGm;qdkwm xD;&Heef;&HtqifhyJ &Sdygw,f/
jynfe,frSL;? wdkif;rSL;avmufyJ vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdwmyg/ 'DapmfbGm;awGeJY wdkif;NyD; 'DapmfbGm;awGudk ac:a0:wJh
]]jrihfjrwfaom}}qdkwJh *kPfyk'fudkyJ oHk;pGJcGifhjyKwm[m rw&m;ygbl;/ aemufNyD; ]]t&Sifrif;jrwf}}vdkY
oHk;pGJwmudkvnf; bk&ifcHcsKyfu remvdk[ef &Sdygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh ]]bk&ifcHcsKyf}}qdkwm
vufatmufcH bk&iftqifhyJ &Sdw,f/ ]]t&Sifrif;jrwf}}u a&ajrUt&Sif bk&ifrif;w&m; jzpfw,f/
bk&ifcHcsKyfxufomw,f/ vuf&SdtajctaerSmawmh oDaygrif;u bk&ifcHcsKyfxH vufjzefYawmif;&wJh
tusO;f om;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh olaY tmufuvlukd olx
Y ufomwJh *kPyf 'k f oH;k pGcJ iG rhf jyKEikd jf cif; jzpfw,f/
bk&ifrif;jrwfyjJ zpfjzpf? t&Sirf if;jrwfyjJ zpfjzpf? jrifjh rwfaom *kPyf 'k yf jJ zpfjzpf w&m;oabmt&
qdk&ifawmh 'gawGtm;vHk;[m ynwfawGyJjzpfw,fqdkwmudk ESvHk;oGif;Edkif&if oDaygrif;crsm odyfcHpm;&
awmhrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayrJh vufatmufcH tusO;f om;&JU ywf0ef;usirf mS aeYpOfawGUBuKH ae&wmawG[m
tedXmHkawGcsnf;jzpfvdkY oDaygrif;crsm w&m;ESvHk;oGif;EdkifzdkY b,fvG,fulyghrvJaemf/
oDaygrif;[m bk&if&mxl;udk jrefrmjynfrSm jzKwfcscHvdkuf&NyD; bk&ifh*kPfyk'fudkawmh tdEd,rSm
kyo
f rd ;f cHvu
dk &f wmyg/ bk&if&mxl;udk jzKwcf so[
l mvnf; t*Fvyd yf /J bk&if*P
k yf 'k u
f kd kyo
f rd ;f ol[mvnf;
t*FvdyfyJ/ ,Ofaus;vSygw,fqdkwJh vlrsKd;BuD;awG[m &ufpufwJhae&mrSmvnf; r,Ofaus;olawGxuf
omMuw,faemf/

"g;jy olcdk; vlrsKd;BuD;awG&JU ajAmifvdrfajAmifpm; ywjrm; ajz&Sif;csuf

aiGaMu;ravmufri jyemeJY &ifqdkifae&vdkYrsm;vm; rodbl;/ eef;usNyD; ygawmfrlwJhaeYu
tyfcw
hJ hJ iarmufywjrm;Bu;D eJY tjcm;eef;pOf&wemawGukd oDaygrif;u jyefNy;D owd&vmw,f/ iarmuf
ywjrm;BuD;[m b,fa&GUb,frQ xdkufwefw,fvdkY wefzdk;jzwfvdkY r&avmufatmifudk wefzdk;BuD;w,f/
pHrDw,f? *Grf;zwfawG xnfhxm;wJh awmif;xJudk iarmufywjrm;BuD; xnfhvdkuf&if tJ'D*Grf;zwfawG[m
yef;awmif;BuD; jzpfoGm;avmufatmif t&nftaoG; jrifhw,fvdkY qdkMuw,f/ tJh'Dywjrm;BuD;udk
oDaygrif;ud,
k w
f ikd f ume,fpav'ifukd tyfcw
hJ m/ ckcsed rf mS 'Dywjrm;Bu;D udo
k mjyef&&if olrsm;qD vufjzefY
awmif;aep&m rvdkawmhbl;aygh/ wu,fawmh awmif;w,fqdkwm idkwmyJaemf/ 'ghaMumifh idkjyaep&m
rvdkawmhbl;aygh/ olUwpfoufwif r[kwfbJ olUrsKd;qufawGtxdyg ZdrfeJY xdkifpm;aekHyJ r[kwfvm;/
'gqdk&if oDaygrif;[m taoajzmifhNyDaygh/
'DoabmeJY oDaygrif;[m aiGaMu;? &dumeJY ywjrm;udk yOrajrmuf a*smhbk&ifxH ckvdk wifjy
vdkufw,f/
]]rEav; aejynfawmfwGif uREkfyfydkif tzdk;wefpdefESifh eef;pOf&wemrsm;udk ume,fpav'ifu
vHNk cKH rt
I wGuq
f u
kd m odr;f ,lomG ;cJyh gonf/ xd&k wemrsm;xJwiG f uREykf \
f wefz;kd rjzwfEikd af om ]]iarmuf
ywjrm;}}vnf; yg0ifonf/ uREkfyftm; xdk&wemrsm;udk jyefay;rnf[k uwdjyKcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYxd
r&&Sdao;yg/}}
- 14 -

]]ae&mwGif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aevmcJhonfhtwGif; uREkfyftm; axmufyHhaiGonf ukefaps;EIef;

Bu;D jrifrh aYI Mumifh ravmuficJyh gojzifh uREyfk \
f vuf0wf&wemrsm;udk xkcaJG &mif;cs pdu
k x
f w
k pf m;aomufchJ
onfrSm ,cktcg tm;vHk;ukefNyD jzpfygonf/ uREkfyf\ vpOfaxmufyHhaMu;&aiG lyD; (5500)onf
bk&ifwpfyg;taeESifh oifhavsmfatmifaecJh&onfh taetxm;twGuf oHk;pGJ&ef ravmufiEdkifyg/
,cifESpfu eef;awmfopf aqmufvkyfay;aomfvnf; uREkfyfrSm ESpfodrfhrIr&Ekdifyg/ ,cktcg uREkfyfonf
tdkrif;rpGrf;&SdvmygNyD/ uREkfyf\ orD;av;yg;onfvnf; t&G,fa&mufNyD jzpfygonf/ rnfolrQ
vufrxyf&ao;yg/}}
]]uREfkyfonf tmPm&Sd r[kwfawmhaomfvnf; wpfcsdefaom umvu bk&ifwpfyg;jzpfcJhaom
uREyfk t
f wGuf axmufyaHh iGupd E iS hf ywfouf oufmS pGmpOf;pm;ay;&ef tMunfawmf t&Sirf if;jrwfxH
yefMum;vdkygonf/
&wem*D&d ed'gef; (231^233)
ywjrm;udpr mS aiGaMu;udpy g xnfNh y;D vcwd;k ay;zdYk awmif;qdw
k ifjywJh oDaygbk&if&UJ ZGeJ YJ pdw"f gwf
udkawmh csD;usL;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
a*smb
h &k ifu aiGaMu;udpu
kd vH;k 0xnfph Of;pm;raeawmhbJ ywjrm;udpu
kd tckvkd taMumif;jyef
vdkufw,f/
]]bk&ifa[mif;\ udk,fpm; bk&ifydkifypnf;rsm;udk ume,fpav'ifvufwGif xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;
r&Sdyg/ xdkYjyif bk&ifa[mif;ESifh ygoGm;onfh ypnf;rSvGJ rnfonfh&wemypnf;udkrQ bk&ifa[mif;tm;
jyefvnf ay;tyfEdkifrnf r[kwf}}
&wem*D&d ed'gef; (233)
a*smb
h &k if&UJ jyefpmudMk unf&kh if ]]r&Sb
d ;l }}vdYk yxrjiif;xm;Ny;D 'kw,
d taeeJY ]]&Sv
d nf; jyefray;bl;}}vdYk
olwdkY oabmxm;udk azmfjyaewm awGY&w,f/
]]bk&ifa[mif;ESifh ygoGm;onfh ypnf;rsm;rSvGJ rnfonfh&wemypnf;udkrQ bk&ifa[mif;tm;
jyefvnfay;tyfEdkifrnfr[kwf}} qdkwJh pum;[m iarmufywjrm;BuD;udkvnf; jyefray;Edkifbl;qdkwJh
oabmyJ/ 'gudkaxmuf&if ywjrm;BuD;[m olwdkYvufxJrSm &SdEdkifavmufw,fqdkwm cefYrSef;vdkY&w,f/
'gayr,fh oDaygrif; auseyfatmifqw
kd hJ oabmyJvm;? olwo
Ykd u
d m q,fwo
hJ abmyJvm; rajymwufb;l /
ywjrm;BuD; udptwGuf pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDzGJUNyD; pHkprf;ay;w,f/
ywjrm;Bu;D udk oDaygrif;ud,
k w
f ikd f pav'ifxH tyfEcHS w
hJ mfukd jrefrma&Twu
kd f twGi;f 0efu,
kd w
f ikd f
tckvdk tmrcH twnfjyKay;cJhw,f/
]]1885-ck Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufaeY eHeufwGif bk&ifrif;jrwfudk,fydkif ausmufrsuf&wemrsm;udk
pav'iftm; pma&;awmfBuD; epfudkvwfESifh wdkif;wm;rif;BuD;a&SUwGif tyfESHcJhygonf/ tyfESHcJhonfh
ypnf;pm&if;udk uREfkyfudk,fwdkif yk&ydkufwGif a&; pma&;awmfBuD;epfudkvwfudk ay;tyfcJhygonf/
pav'ifonf eef;pOfypn;f rsm; ESiyhf wfouf t*Fvyd t
f &m&Sd wpfO;D a&SUarSmufwiG f tapmifw
h pfO;D tm;
wm0efay;tyfaeonfudk awGUchJ&ygonf/}}
&wem*D&d ed'gef; (234^235)
'gayr,fh ume,fpav'ifuawmh tyfxm;wJh ypn;f pm&if;yg yk&ydu
k u
f kd rrSwrf ad wmhb;l / bk&ifh
ypnf;awGudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufzdkY zGJUwJhaumufrwDrSmvnf; olrygbl;/ rif;wkef;rif;&JU rdzk&m;rsm;eJY
orD;awmfrsm;tygt0if tysdKawmf (300)cefY eef;wGif;rS xGufcGgpOfu ,loGm;Edkifw,fvdkY jzpfEdkifacsudk
ajymjyw,f/
- 15 -

pav'if&JU ajyjycsufudkMunfh&if pav'if[m yk&ydkufudk tpazsmufypfNyD; ajAmifjiif;vdkufwJh

oabmyJ/ aemufNyD;awmh aumfrwDudk vTJcsvdkufao;w,f/ rdzk&m;rsm;? orD;awmfrsm;? tysdKawmfrsm;
udkvnf; olcdk;pGyfpGJvdkufao;w,f/
olv
Y ufxrJ mS &Sw
d hJ ywjrm;Bu;D udk rdz&k m;awG? orD;awmfawG? tysKd awmfawGu b,f,&l rvJaemf/
pOf;pOf;pm;pm;vJ vkyfygOD; AdkvfrI;BuD;&,fvdkYyJ ajymvkdufcsifw,f/
'geJYwif tm;r&ao;bl;/ xdktcsdefu t&SifESpfyg;rSm aMuuGJ0rf;enf;ae t&SifESpfyg;&JU
a&SUarSmufrmS yJ olwumvma&mufNy;D awGU&mypn;f rsm;udk ,laqmifaeMuwmudk awGUcJ&h w,fvYkd qifajc
ay;vdkufjyefao;w,f/
aemufwpfcv
k nf;&Sad o;w,f/ 0d"&l ocifcspaf rmifa&;wJh urmvSno
hf cifu,
kd af wmfriId ;f pmtkyf
(pm-90)rSm ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;BuD;u ckvdkajymwmudk awGU&w,f/
]]wpfcgawmh pum;pyfrdNyD; tJh'D ausmuf? oH? ywjrm;? eef;wGif;ypnf;awG taMumif;a&muf
oGm;awmh rdzk&m;BuD;[m rsufESmawmfSKd;NyD;.....'Dwkef;u pav'if[m eef;awmfxJvufeufudkif
tNcHt&HawGeJY 0ifvmNyD;? eef;wGif;ypnf;pm&if;awG awmif;awmhwmyJwJh/ tJh'Dpm&if;t& olUvufwGif;
0uGufNyD; vTJtyfjcif; jyKvdkuf&wmyJwJhuG/ rdzk&m;BuD;u ajymao;w,fuG/ igwdkYrSm wdkif;jynfxD;eef;BuD;
wpfckvHk;awmif qHk;IH;&NyD uHyJqdkNyD; tJh'Dypnf;awGvJ ESajrmpHkruf iJhuGufcsefcRif;jcif;r&SdbJ tukefyJ
ay;tyfvdkufygowJh...wJhuG/ 'gudkaxmuf&if aocsmaygufvdkYawmif ajymEdkifao;w,f/ pav'ifrS
pav'ifyJ/
'DvkdeJYyJ iarmufywjrm;BuD;[m vrf;paysmufoGm;cJhw,f/ oDaygrif;vnf; cJavorQ? oJa&us
jzpfc&hJ awmhw,f/ twkta,mif pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&; aumfrwD&UJ [efaqmifppfaq;rI? tpd;k &eJY pav'ifw&Ykd UJ
rm,m<u,fwhJ tpD&ifcrH aI wGeyYJ J auseyfvu
kd &f awmhw,f/ ysm;&nfeYJ 0rf;cswmudyk J vufcv
H u
dk &f w,f/
oDaygrif;wifr[kwfygbl;/ tdEd,r*dkbk&ifeJY rdzk&m;BuD;Zdeyfr[mvfwdkYvnf; t*FvdyfwdkY
wpfywfdkufwmudk cHcJ&wmyJ/
olwdkYygawmfrlawmh ar*sm(AdkvfrSL;) [yfqifudk lyD;odef;(20)wef &wemawG pm&if;jyKpkNyD;
tyfESHcJhw,f ar*smuvnf; vufcH&&SdaMumif; ajypmudk rdzk&m;BuD;tm; jyefay;cJhw,f/ tJh'Dypnf;awG
jyefawmif;wJhtcgMuawmh ar*sm[yfqif uG,fvGefoGm;NyDvdkY taMumif;jyefcJhw,f/ lyD;odef;(20)wef
&wemawGvnf; ar*sm[yfqifeJYtwl ygoGm;NyDqdkwJh oabmaygh/
vlrsKd ;Bu;D yJjzpfjzpf? vlrsKd ;av;yJjzpfjzpfaygh/ vlom;rSeo
f rQrmS avmb&Sw
d myJr[kwv
f m;/ 'ghaMumifh
vlrsdK;BuD;qdkolrsm;vnf; cdk;wwfMuwmaygh/
yGJMunfhyk&dwfowfwpfa,mufbufu Munfh&ifawmh eef;vkwm[m "g;jywdkufwmyJ/ 'ghaMumifh
t*FvdyfvlrsdK;awG[m "g;jytBuD;pm;awGvdkY jrif&awmhrSmaygh/ "g;jyrS EdkifiHawmfwpfckvHk;wdkuf,lwJh
"g;jytBuD;pm;aygh/ eef;pOf&wemawGudk tpazsmufwm[m cdk;wmyjaygh/ 'gaMumifh t*FvdyfvlrsdK;[m
olcdk;tBuD;pm;awGvdkYyJ jrifawmhrSmaygh/ tif;.....'DtcGifhta&;BuD;udk b,fvdkykxkZOfrsdK;u
vufvTwfcHrvJaemf/
aMomf.......olvnf;av avmuDom;ayyJ/

- 16 -

&Sifbk&ifudk &mZ0wfom;vdkY oabmxm;csifol

oDaygrif;[m a&Tausmif;ajymifajymif 0rf;acgifacgif tjzpfrsK;d ESih BuKH awGUae&vdYk aiGaMu;ravmuf
riwJh 'Pfukd cg;qD;cHae&ygw,fqu
kd mrS bl;av;&m zHq
k ifq
h o
kd vdk vlraI &;jyemu xyfw;kd vmcJw
h ,f/
a&mufcgp umvrsm;u BuKH c&hJ wJh Edik if aH &;t&m&Sd atmfvb
f ;kH vdk tcsK;d rsK;d eJY Adv
k u
f svmwJh Edik if aH &;
t&m&Sd tifrif;efejYJ zpf&wJh jyemav;wpfcyk g/ jyemav;qdak yr,fh aomua[mif;eJY pdwef musicf w
hJ hJ
'Pf&ma[mif;tay: usa&mufvmwmjzpfvdkY wpfylay: ESpfylqifhovdk ydkNyD;cHpm;&awmhw,f/
tifrif;efu bk&ifhrdom;pkudk qufqH&mrSm axmifrSL;eJY tusOf;om; yHkpHrsKd; ykvdyft&m&SdeJY
&mZ0wfom; yHpk rH sK;d csK;d vmw,f/ atmfvb
f ;kH wke;f uvdyk J bk&iftjyifxu
G cf si&f if olcY iG jhf yKcsu&f rS xGu&f wJh
txd jzpfvmw,f/
txufu jzpfapcsiw
f mu bk&iftay: em;vnfr&I zdS Ykd bk&ifu
h kd rdwaf qG&if;csmvdk tultnDay;zd?Yk
vdktyf&if tBuHPfay;zkdY? vrf;Tefay;zdkYyg/ tck olvkyfaewmu txufu jzpfapcsifwmeJY wjcm;pD
jzpfaeawmh jyemIyfukefawmhwmaygh/
ykvyd t
f &m&Sb
d 0u a&mufvmvdYk ykvyd u
f sihf Buw
H ,fvaYkd wmif txufu rSwcf sucf sawmhw,f/
'DyGJrSm oDaygrif;u tawGUtBuHKvnf;&Sd? aumvdyfawmft&m&Sd? bHkab0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD; pwJh
txuf t&m&SdawGu oDaygrif;bufrSm &yfwnfay;MuvdkY ykvdyft&m&Sd tifrif;ef[m csufcsif;
EkwfxGufoGm;awmhw,f/

a'gif;wHqyd ef &YJ mZoH

&wem*D&drSm oDaygrif;u tpdk;&tay: tEkdif&wJhyGJ &SdcJhovdk pkzk&m;vwfu t*Fvdyftay:
tEdkif&vdkufwJh yGJvnf; &SdcJhw,f/ tJ'gu pHtdrfawmfopfBuD;eJY ywfoufw,f/
pHtdrawmfBuD; wnfaqmufNyD;pD;wJhtcg t*Fvdyfu olwdkYtxdrf;trSwf oauFwwpfckckudk
wyfqif csifw,f/ Oyrm - ,leD,H*suftvHwHqdyfvdkrsKd;? vef'ef em&Dpif yHkpHrsKd;aygh/ pkzk&m;vwfu
tJ'gudk vH;k 0vufrcH bl;/ olwaYkd e&r,fh pHtrd af wmfrmS olwt
Ykd xdr;f trSwjf zpfwhJ a'gif;wHqyd (f a'gif;ky)f yJ
wyfqifr,f ajymw,f/ tJ'gudkvnf; t*Fvdyfu vHk;0vufrcHbl;/ 'Dvdk ESpfzufvHk;u jiif;qefaevdkY
tvk y f r jzpf w J h t cg t*F v d y f u vmn d w ,f / jref r mtxd r f ; trS w f v nf ; ra&;xd k ; &/ t*F v d y f
txdrf;trSwfvnf; ra&;xdk;bl;/ b,folY txdrf;trSwfrS ra&;xdk;bl;qdk&if auseyf&r,faygh/
t*Fvyd u
f awmh ESpOf ;D vH;k tEdik &f wJh Win Win Policy udk usio
fh ;kH MuzdYk vmnw
d o
hJ abmyg/ "reYJ t"rrmS
0if;0if;tajzqdkwm r&Sdbl;vdkY cH,lxm;wJhol/ olu olwdkY txdrf;trSwfjzpfwJh a'gif;kyfom
a&;xdk;ray;bl;qdk&if 'DpHtdrfawmfrSm olraeEkdifbl;vdkY &mZoHay;NyD; tjyif;txef uefYuGufw,f/
aemufqHk;awmh t*Fvdyfu avQmhNyD; pHtdrfawmfrSm rsufESmpm vljrifuGif;rSm a'gif;wHqdyfudk cefYjim;
vSypGm wyfqifay;vdkuf&awmhw,f/
ckcsed x
f d pHtrd af wmf(jywdu
k )f rSm tJ'aD 'gif;ky&f adS o;w,fvYkd od&w,f/ pkz&k m;&JU atmify?JG pkz&k m;&JU
qkwHqdyfvdkY qdk&rSmaygh/

- 17 -

a&TavSmiftdrfrSm aysmfvdkYr&ol
t&SiEf pS yf g;wdYk awmf0ifro
d m;pk[m &wem*D&rd mS ae&wm ESpt
f pdwaf wmif jynfch NhJ y/D axmifpum;eJY
ajym&&if aeom; ESpt
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- 18 -

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- 19 -

BudK;Mumvdk? 0dnmofr&SdawmhwJh vlom;vdk jzpfaeavawmh 'DvdktcsdefrsdK;rSm ydkcHpm;&rSmayrSmaygh/

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- 20 -

tus,fcsKyfxJu tusOf;ol
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- 21 -

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- 22 -

acgif;aqmifydkif;awG roifhjrwfMuawmh aemufvdkufawGvnf; roifhjrwfMuawmhbl;/

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- 23 -

pHtrd af wmfukd NrKd Ue,fq&m0efBu;D u aeYwikd ;f vmMunfw

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- 24 -

tcef;xJykef;NyD; urmBuD;eJY a0;&moGm;avol

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- 25 -

rpifwGif;xJ ckefqif;aom tcspfuRefrif;orD;av;

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k kd ,ifzakd wmif toef;rcH&zl;wJh
tysdKpif wpfa,muftzdkY tdk;eJYBudK; Oyrmvdk taeeD;pyf&if xdMuNidMurSmyJav/ pHtdrfawmfBuD;rSm
aysmf&TifrIUqdkvdkY bmrsm;&SdvdkYvJ/ tJ'Dawmh wpf'*Foufomoufom om,mrIUudk &SmawmhrSmaygh/
oD;csdefyGifhcsdef a&mufaeNyDyJ/ 'Doabmw&m;avmufawmh odzdkYaumif;wmaygh/
orD;awmfBuD;ta&;eJY ywfoufvdkY tckudprSmvJ todaemufus MuwmyJ/ ukvm;u wpfv
(15)lyDyJ vc&w,f/ orD;awmfBuD;u wpfv(75)lyD axmufyhHaMu;&wm/ tJ'D (75)lyDpvkH;udk
ukvm;udkxdk;tyf&wm ESpfawmifcsDw,f/ 'gudkvnf; olwdkYrodMubl;/ ukvm;u tJ'DaiGawGudk
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ay:vmwm/ b,favmufnHhvdkufovJaemf/ ygawmfrlwmenf;awmifenf;ao;vdkY qdk&rvdkyJ/
- 26 -

wHcg;apmifh armifrif;BuD;om;u a&S;bkef;a&S;uHBuD; &Sdayom;yJ/ (pm;&uHBuKHvdkY rkwfqdwfvmNyD;

ysm;pGmwmudk;) bk&iforD;awmfvnf; tacsmif&/ bk&ifhorD;&JUvc (75)lyDudkvnf; tvum;&/
(75)lyDqdk&if a&TokH;usyfom;yJav/ wpfva&TokH;usyfom; tvum;&aeawmhwmaygh/ r,m;vnf;&
yg;vnf;0eJY armifrif;BuD;om; BuD;yGm;aeawmhwmaygh/
'Dvdk&aevdkY orD;awmfBuD;udk ckHrifESpfoufrIYeJY tvdkvdkuf tBudKufaqmifNyD; vifom;yDyD Muifem
,k,vdrfhr,frsm;xifovm;/ a0;ao;/ tawmftEdkifusifhqdkyJ/ tif;av....olYvufckyfxJua&udk;/
oGefvdkuoGefayrSmaygh/ arSmufvdku arSmufayrSmaygh/
orD;awmfBuD;b0u oem;p&myJaemf/ bk&ifhorD;awmfBuD;wpfa,muf jzpfvsuf r,m;i,f
tjzpfawmif w&m;0if vufxyfcGifhr&&Smbl;/ vifawmfarmifxuf ig;qomwJhvctm;vkH;udk
vifawmfarmifxH tukefvkH; xdk;tyfygvsuf vifawmfarmif&JU ESdyfpufnOf;yef;rIY cHae&&Smw,f/
ESpOf ;D oabmwl twlae vifr,m;jzpfygvsuf Zmwfrwlvq
Ykd Nkd y;D xrif;wpf0ikd ;f wnf;rSm vifr,m;vufpHk
pm;cGifhawmif r&&Smbl;/
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aiG&w,fav/ tazmfr,m;vnf; r[kwfbl;/ tazmfr,m;qdkvnf; aiGrukefbl;av/ uav;udk
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olawmif;pm;eJY om,maevdkY rdzk&m;BuD;jzpfvsuf olawmif;pm;u yg;kdufwmudk cH&awmhw,f/
rdzk&m;BuD;udk yg;dkuf0HhwJh olawmif;pm;&JU pGrf;&nfuvnf; tm;usp&myJ/ tElvuf0g;eJY dkufwmawmif
pdeef m;uyfBu;D vGiphf ifomG ;w,f/ vlaumif;omqd&k if rvG,b
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pkzk&m;vwf "g;rxufawmhNyD
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rif;nDrif;om; tEG,fawmf todkif;t0dkif;rSmvnf; [dk;av;wausmfyJ owif;BuD;vmw,f/ tm;vkH;u
a&Toruf? aiGoruf? *Gwf&S,forufBuD;udkvnf; jrifzl;csifMuwmaygh/ bkef;&SifuH&SifBuD;udk;/
ajr;awmfav;udkvnf; jrifzl;csifMuwmaygh/ uHxl;&Sifav;udk;/
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J si;f yw,f/ tm;vk;H (100)
ausmf wufa&mufciG &hf Muw,f/ rif;om;xJrmS qdk ausmuf&rJ if;om;wd?Yk pukrif;om;wd?Yk anmiftyk rf if;om;
wkdYyg0ifw,f/ rif;orD;xJrSmqdk cRef;awmifxdyfacgifwifwdkY? &efatmifjrifxdyfacgifwifwdkY? aumif;wkH
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tukefuscHum usif;ywm/ t*Fvdyfu rsdK;zsufNyD;rS ysm;&nfeJYjyefNyD; 0rf;cswJhoabmeJY tvdkvdkuf
tBudKufaqmifum aiGtukefuscHNyD; usif;yay;wm jzpfEdkifw,f/
tJ'yD rJG mS y&dwo
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tckvdk yGJxkwfjyvdkufw,f/
- 27 -

]]'DrSmav cRef;awmifrr&JU od*a&TcGufxJudk acG;ao;yef;oGm;wm}}vdkY ajr;awmfav;&JU

acgif;udkyGwfoyf&if; ajymjyvdkufw,f/ NyD;awmh csufcsif;yJ y&dwfowfMum;rS xGufcGmoGm;awmhw,f/
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tawmfvdkufpm;w,f/ pkzk&m;vwfeJYqdk&if zatwl ratuGJ nDtpfr awmfpyfwmaygh/ ygawmfrlpu
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txde;f awmfBu;D u rif;orD;udk wm;ayr,fh wm;r&wJt
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- 28 -

tpwkef;u rif;orD;av;twGufavQmhaygh pOf;pm;ay;ao;w,f/ ckawmhr&awmhbl;/ vkH;0

r&awmhbl;/ olwdkYESpfa,muf&JU tcspfZmwfvrf;rSm rdzk&m;acgifBuD;udk vlMurf;BuD;jzpfatmif
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tckvdk avQmufwifvdkufMuw,f/
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orD;awmfukd bk&m;uRet
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tJ'Dvdk jzpfzdkYroifhyg/
oDayg\ ra[oD (179-180)
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- 29 -

]]tusOf;cHae&wJhtcg aorif;[m rarQmfvifhbJ a&mufvmwufw,f/ r[kwfvm;}}

oDayg\ ra[oD (181)
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- 30 -

rsufESmawmf wpfjcrf; avjzef;oGm;w,f/ b,fbufyg;u tenf;i,f &GJUaeNyD; b,fbufrsufvHk;u

tenf;i,f ydwfaew,f/ tJ'gaMumifh &Gwfqdkaeus arm&okwf y&dwfawmfudk r&GwfqdkEdkifawmhvdkY
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tbbufu rsdK;dk;rnHhbl;aygh/
- 31 -

rSeo
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OD;cifarmifBu;D udk twGi;f 0efcefaY wmh olUom;cifarmifvwfuv
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orD;awmfokH;yg;vkH;u cifarmifvwfudk oabmusw,fvdkY od&w,f/ oufwl&G,fwl nDrawmf
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Yf w
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tEG,fawmfxJu vlysdKvlvGwf pm&if;awmif;NyD; orufawmifa&G;cJhao;w,f/ uaemifrif;&JUajr;awmf
armifazBuD;eJY vufxyfay;zdkY pDrHayr,fh armifazBuD;bufu taMumif;rjyefvdkY txrajrmufcJhbl;/
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rdefYawmfrljyefw,f/
&wem*D&ded'gef; (267)
- 32 -

oDaygrif;[m ZmwdaoG;? Zmwdrmef tawmfjyif;xefykH&w,f/ tJ'Dtcsdef[m tdEd, ppfuif;

jynfe,fu r[m&mZm&JUom;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;om;twGuf Muif&mawmf &SmaecsdefjzpfvdkY? tdEd,
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jzpfcsif&mjzpfapawmh? vlrsdK;jcm;ESifhawmh oabmrwlEdkif/
&wem*D&ded'gef; (75)
oDaygrif;[m Zmwdrmef xufoefveG ;f tm;Bu;D awmh obm0w&m;udk awG;rd[efrwlb;l / vlqw
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tdrfwif/
- 33 -

pkzk&m;vwfuawmh uRef,kHwpfzufuef;wdkY? trJdk;ES,f [if;tdk;rS tm;remwdkY? rsufESmomay;

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t&dyfwMunfYMunfY&SdvSwJh eef;rawmfzk&m;u xdkifzdkYowday;rS owdjyef&vmawmhw,f/
- 34 -

tJ'Dvdk orD;aomueJY ESvkH;a&*g tjyif;txef cHpm;ae&wJh tcsdefBuD;rSmyJ EdkifiHa&;t&m&Sd

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- 35 -

tavmif;csif;usrSyJ aygif;oif;&awmhwJh bk&ifeJYrdzk&m;av;

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tultnDr&ojzifh bk&m;udkwvQuf crnf;awmf tavmif;udkom ydkufzuf idka<u;ae&\/}}
&wem*D&ded'gef; (296)
oDaygrif;&JU tokbudk ajracG;eJYnm;wJh jcaoFhrav;awG <urvmMubl;/ yxrorD;awmfu
olYrdom;pkeJYol ta0;a&mufaevdkY/ 'kwd,orD;awmfu olUvifawmfarmifeJYtwl bkHabwufNyD;
r*Fvmcef;0if ypnf;awG oGm;0,faevdkY taMumif;jyefMuw,f/ a&Teef;awmfBuD;ay:u raemr,
xD;jzLatmufrSm opfeufa&cHNyD; rD;I;oefYpif zGm;jrifcJhMuwJh orD;awmfjrwfESpfyg;/ ywjrm;ausmufawG
pDjc,fxm;wJh a&TvifAef;eJY tcsif;aq;NyD; arG;zGm;vmcJhMuwJh orD;awmfjrwfESpfyg;/
ykcufawmfwif tcrf;tem;rSm jrykcufeJY{,ifwifcJhMuaom orD;awmfjrwfESpfyg;/ wpfyg;u
ukvm;eJY&/ wpfyg;u uRefeJY&NyD; aus;Zl;&Sif zcrnf;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;&JU tokbudkawmif rvmEdkifMu
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bmyJajymajymaygh/ oDaygbk&ifuawmh tusOf;om;b0u 0#fuRwfoGm;&SmNyD/ aeYpOfeJYtrQ
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- 36 -

'kwd,orD;awmfta&;tcif; pdppfcsuf
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rdbESpfyg; wm0efcH t*Fvdyft&m&Sd ESpfa,mufeJY um,uH&Sif 'kwd,orD;awmf udk,fwdkifyJjzpfw,f/
(u) orD;awmfeJY cifarmifvwfudpudk odNyD;uwnf;u eef;rawmfzk&m;[m cifarmifvwf&JU
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t&dyftuJ odoGm;MuwJh orD;awmfeJY cifarmifvwfwdkY rdom;pku vufOD;rIU &,lvdkufjcif; jzpfw,f/
eef;rawmfzk&m;u tJ'Dvdk yg;yg;eyfeyf pDrHay;r,fqdk&if oDaygrif;w&m;u vufcHr,fhoabm
&SdaMumif;udk 0ufrpGwf0efaxmufxHa&;wJh oDaygrif;&JUpmudk Munfhvnf; odEdkifygw,f/
]]tajrmuf0efa[mif; rSefomBuD; tysdKawmfa[mif;ESifh cifarmifvwfwdkYudk aocef;jzwfap/
rD;r,lav? a&r,lavESifh? oifwdkYvkyfykH dkif;vGef;onf/ orD;awmfudk vdkcsifvQif ighudkajymoifhonf/
igoabmwl&ayrnf/ ,ckuJhodkY rajymrqkd cdk;oGm;NyD; t*Fvdyfuyg wpfPfwnf; wpfBuHwnf;
0Sufxm;ay;onf/
&wem*D&ded'gef; (288)
'DpmxJu ]]orD;awmfukd vdck siv
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rodbl;aemf/
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- 37 -

OD;cifarmifBu;D a&SUrSmyJ ppfuif; r[m&mZm&JUom;awmf tdraf &SUrif;om;wke;f u vlrsKd ;jcm;jzpfvYkd

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armifBuD;bk&m;wdkY? ESrawmfav;wdkYudk ppfNydKifwJhoabmayghuG,f/
&wem*D&ded'gef; (290)
oDaygrif;ajymovdk uRefuocifudk ppfNydKifwmvnf; jzpfEdkifwmyJav/ olwdkYqnf;uyfaewJh
t&Sifocif[m bk&iftppfrS r[kwfawmhbJ/ eef;usbk&if? tusOf;om;jzpfaeNyDyJ/ eef;awmf eef;pm;eJY
eef;pum;awG ajymaeayr,fh wu,fbmtmPmrS r&Sdawmhbl;/ bmvkyfydkifcGifhrS r&Sdawmhbl;/ bmrS
ta&;rygawmhovdk bmrS t&mra&mufawmhbl;/ ckvdk dkaoysuf0wfNyD; usdK;EGH&wmu vc&vkdY
tvkyfoabmeJY qufqHae&wmjzpfw,f/
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ZmwfysufoGm;NyD/ ukvm;eJY&vdkYqdkNyD; ukvm;udka&m orD;udkyg rcGJEdkif? roJEdkifwJhtjyif ajr;jzpfwJh
ujym;rav; wkwkudkyg wifauR;xm;&NyDqdkwJh oabmeJY tdktaowefoGm;wmvnf; jzpfEdkifygw,f/
'gaMumifhvnf; tckvdk yufyufpufpufBuHpnfNyD; &uf&ufpufpuf apmfum;&Jwmaygh/
tpG,fvnf; usdK;oGm;NyD/ tqdyfvnf;r&Sdawmhbl;/ ajconf;vufonf;awGvnf; wkH;oGm;NyD/
orD;awmfudk cdk;ajy;vdkY olrauseyfvnf; bmrS rvkyfEdkifawmhbl;qdkwJh oabmrsdK;eJY tckvdk tjzpfqdk;udk
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- 38 -

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11.10.1916 rSm xGufajy;w,f/ xGufajy;NyD; (65)&uftMum 15.12.1916rSm oDaygrif;
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- 39 -

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- 40 -

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- 41 -

oHawmfqifh OD;atma&mu ]]'Dvt

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- 42 -

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- 43 -

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- 45 -

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- 46 -

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- 47 -

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- 48 -

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- 49 -

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- 50 -

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'gaMumifh tckvdk trdefYxkwfjyefawmhw,f/
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om;a&ay:tdyf om;a&em;pm; qdkonfhtwdkif; acG;usifhacG;BuH BuHjcif;jzpfonf/ &wem*D&ded*kH; (82)
eef;rawmfz&k m;&JU trdeaYf wmfxu
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k af jy;wm
jzpfw,f/
- 51 -

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&wem*D&ded*kH; (84)
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ajr;awmfcsif;yg/ orD;awmfav;yg; tdrfaxmifbufawGxJrSm rrwlawmfarmifu tomqkH;yg}}vdkY
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k uif;uif;&Si;f &Si;f
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&wem*D&ded*kH; (86)
xdyw
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- 52 -

rsdK;awmfrsm;? tdrfa&SUawmfqufaqGawmfrsdK;awmfrsm;? xD;<uif;eef;usef rSL;a[mif; rwfa[mif;rsm;?

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- 53 -

rdzk&m;acgifBuD;cAsm olYvufckyfxJua& jzpfaeawmh xm;&mae? ap&moGm;? auR;wmpm;?

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- 54 -

wmaygh/ r,fawmfzk&m;uvnf; tvdkvdkufwmaygh/ 'gaMumifh r,fawmfzk&m; udk,fwdkif orD;awmfeJY

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jyefac:jcif;jzpfw,f/
- 55 -

tck rdz&k m;acgifBu;D jyefa&mufvmawmh OD;pHa&TwYkd vifr,m;jyefcpm;wmudk t*Fvyd u

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OD;pHa&TeyYJ if;,rif;orD;wdu
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aexdik rf aumif;wJh tcgrsKd ;rSm olcspcf ifjrwfE;kd wJh tyg;awmfNrJ OD;pHa&TeyYJ if;,rif;orD;wdYk a&mufvmawmh
rdzk&m;acgifBuD; tm;&Sdvmwmaygh/
(3.12.1925)aeYrSm rdzk&m;acgifBuD;&JUoufawmf (66)ESpfjynfh arG;aeYyGJ usif;yrSmjzpfw,f/
arG;aeYyGJ tBuD;tus,fvkyf&rSmrdkY rdzk&m;acgifBuD;vnf; 0rf;omaew,f/ OD;pHa&TwdkYuvnf; wuf<u
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(10)pkH? rif;wyfxdyfacgifwifrif;orD;eJY wdkifwm;xdyfacgifwifrif;orD;wdkYu (5)pkHpD? oDaygrif;&JUnDr
rdwDvmpkzk&m;av;&JU orD;awmfrsm;jzpfwJh orD;awmfvwfeJY orD;awmfuav;ESpfyg;uvnf; (10)pkH
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Muawmh rdz&k m;acgifBu;D [m tm;&0rf;omeJY pdwcf sr;f omaysm&f iG af eawmhwmaygh/ 0rf;omaysm&f iG af eaMumif;
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qdkwm oDaygrif;&JU wlrawGjzpfw,f/ olwdkY wl0&D;awG roifhjrwfMuvdkY cyfwef;wef; cyfcGmcGm aevmcJh
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xnf0h ifMuawmh rdz&k m;acgifBu;D crsm 0rf;omawmfrw
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raumif;wJhMum;u ckvdkrSmvdkufao;w,f/
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tvGefBudKufwJh [if;nhHrpm;&wmMumNyDjzpfvdkY tjyefrSm &SmcJhyg}}
&wem*D&ded*kH; (117)
- 56 -

rdzk&m;acgifBuD;u tus,fcsKyfusaewmqdkawmh rEav;udk vGrf;rSmaygh/ rEav;a'opmjzpfwJh

[if;nHh(tcsOf&nf[if;) udkvnf; awmifhwae&SmrSmaygh/ 'gaMumifh a&TNrdKUawmfu [if;nHhudk wul;wu
rSmvdkufwm jzpfrSmaygh/ zdzk&m;acgifBuD;[m orufawmfxdyfwifBuD;eJY q&mvGef;(ocifukd,fawmfrdIif;)
wdu
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S ,f/ ruse;f rmpOfumvawGrmS rdz&k m;acgifBu;D u xdyw
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oHaowmi,fuav;[m uwDygtdwfeDpGyfvsuf pufcef;aqmifwGif;u ADdkatmufqkH;xyfrSm&Sdw,f/
*kpdkufMu/ ADdkaomhuawmh pkzk&m;acgif;tkH;atmufrSm&Sdw,f/
&wem*D&ded*kH; (115)
23.01.1925aeY naeapmif;rSm rdz&k m;acgifBu;D use;f rma&;[m tawmfp;kd &dr&f wJh tajctae
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pdwrf csb;l / owif;pmwdu
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q&mvGef; aemufusoGm;NyD/ rdzk&m;acgifBuD;u reuf (4)em&D (50)rdepfrSm ewf&GmpHoGm;ESifhNyD/
rdz&k m;acgifBu;D rMumcPrSmwJh aowmi,fukd q&mvGe;f u csucf si;f owd&vdu
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oGm;&Smw,f/
- 57 -

yif;,rif;orD; owdvpfr,fqv
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- 58 -

0d"l& ocifcspfarmif\ urmvSnfUocifudk,fawmfrdIif; (pm94) owfykHrl&if;twdkif;

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&wem*D&d*kH;(115)
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- 63 -

zl;ajrmfNyD;rS oN*dK[fvdkaMumif;? tavmif;awmf oHk;avmif; vHk;udk &wemyHkaejynfawmfodkY ,laqmif

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- 64 -

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- 65 -

24.11.1925 &ufaeYrS 17.12.1925 &ufaeYtxd 24&ufv;Hk vk;H &[ef;&Siv

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- 66 -

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- 73 -

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- 74 -

t&mcHBuD; wpfa,muf&JUb0
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- 75 -

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- 76 -

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