Quetta Telecom College Quetta

System Structure

Chapter 1
OVERVIEW

System Structure

In structure, the ZXJ10 (V10.0) digital SPC switching system is an open architecture of centralized management, and fully distributed inter-module control but hierarchical intramodule control. Based on a general computer platform, supported by the LAN technology and taking the client/server mode as the basic control structure, the system has flexible networking and powerful call processing capacities, high reliability, excellent compatibility and good extendibility. Moreover, a series of new functions and new services are added on the platform of ZXJ10 (V10.0). Projects under development or already completed include the ZTE ZXG10-MSS mobile communication switching subsystem, ZTE intelligent network, ZTE Internet access server and ZXJ10 broadband access module. In the design of new version digital switches, full consideration is given to the inheritability and compatibility, so that earlier switches before the ZXJ10 (V10.0) version can be upgraded merely by inserting new components and upgrading software with no changes to the original framework. This chapter is an overview of the whole ZXJ 10 (V10.0) switching system. APPLICATION The ZXJ 10 (V 10.0) digital SPC switch performs such functions as local switching, toll switching and tandem switching. It can be used at the C5 end office, local network tandem office, or country level toll, urban and rural hybrid office. It can also be used at the central toll exchanges of C3, or Cl, C2. While catering to the demands of the current PS TN, it can adapt itself to the development requirements of new technologies and the general trend of 3 into 1 network integration. Thus enhances the sustainable network developing capacity, and lowers the comprehensive operation costs of the whole network. CAPACITY The ZXJ 10 (V10.0) switching system has a modularized structure and works in the fully distributed control mode, thus linearly expandable. The whole system can consist of one peripheral switching module (i.e., single module), or of multi-module systems. The quantity of its connected peripheral switching modules can reach 62 in maximum. With a single module exchange, the maximum system capacity can reach 12480 subscriber lines and 2880 trunk ports. In case of multi-module systems, the final capacity is 500 thousand subscriber lines and 64 thousand trunk ports (for the series of system capacities, refer to Table 1).

Table 1: ZXJ-10 switching system capacity

Note: ZXJ10 switch configuration is quite flexible. In the table above, subscriber and trunk quantities can be interchanged.

System Structure SYSTEM FEATURES The ZXJ10 (V10.0) SPC digital switching system adopts the modularized structure, and the whole system consists of various peripheral modules and interconnected network modules. Interconnected network modules switch voice and other kinds of information in various peripheral modules, and peripheral modules perform other different system functions. The peripheral switching module (PSM) is the most basic module in the system, and can constitute an exchange independently. This switching system has the following features: 1- Advanced Networking Mode ZXJ10 has a modularized structure, based on the capacity type fully distributed control mode. It can either be used to form single module exchanges, or used for multi-module networking. In the networking mode, it has made a pioneering breakthrough from the traditional star-like switch networking mode, and has adopted the multi-level tree-networking solution instead. Modules can further carry modules, but all modules are equal in status. The central switching point and the centralized maintenance point can be set together or separately according to specific demands, thus avoiding the setbacks brought about by the necessary joint setting in star-like networking. Moreover, the clock source can be set in any module, instead of being restricted only to the central module. This greatly enhances networking flexibility and reduces user investments. Besides, it is completely compatible with all versions preceding V10.0. The host exchange is connected to various switching modules through high bit rate optical fibers. In its networking, the built-in or attached PDH and SDH devices of various rates can be used to form various ring-, chain-, tree- or hybrid networks of PDH, SDH, or the two combined. 1) With a 3-level networking capacity, it can form local networks, and can constitute C2, C3 or tandem offices, or be used as SEP (signaling end point), LSTP and HSTP. 2) It can be used in a certain area to form flexible network structures through the built-in SDH system or FBI optical transmission system, with a coverage radius reaching 50Km. 3) By using RSM and RLM to enhance network penetration, it can extend all services to subscribers in suburban or rural areas. 4) With a perfect NO.7 signaling system, it supports the overall construction of the ISDN network, the No.7 signaling network, intelligent network and mobile communication network. 5) It provides a perfect integrated network management system and standard network interfaces for convenient and flexible access to the local network management center. Its perfect and flexible billing system can access the uniform billing center. 6) Its open and multi-application platform facilitates convenient and fast service provision. 2- Better Performance and Reliability ZXJ10 (V10.0) single boards make extensive use of the surface mounted components, with advanced technologies, low power consumption, and high reliability. All single boards can be completely monitored, including power supply, with powerful maintenance alarming functions. Modules are connected through optical fibers, with excellent electric insulation, and strong antiinterference. Both serial and parallel communication buses go through CRC check and parity check, so the communication reliability is greatly enhanced. Besides, they are completely compatible with all versions preceding V10.0. The operation maintenance system of the ZXJ1O (Vl0.0) digital SPC exchange switch consists of SERVER and multiple terminals. The operation maintenance station and the switch communicate through standard TCP/IP protocol, in the Client/Server LAN networking mode. Self-switching can be performed inside remote subscriber units. Single module BHCA reaches 600K. 2

System Structure 3- Powerful Hardware Platform The ZXJ 10 switch adopts the modularized structure, and distributed processing. The communication and control node processors are 32-bit 80386. The modular main processor is the INTEL PENTIUM processor. Hardware has a high degree of integration. Between modular exchanges, large capacity optical fibers are used as information channels, thus enhancing both transmission capacity, and anti-interference capacity The T network in a single module is the 8K network, working in the hot copy mode, able to provide the 8Mbit/s switching. The central rack provides the 64K T network (realized on a circuit board), to perform the 64K X 64K completely non-blocking switching. Furthermore, the ZXJ 10 switch has embedded standard SDH, to provide flexible configuration modes. The built-in Bits system has a maximum clock precision of stratum 2 Class A. 4- Flexible Module Configuration Configuration of the various units in the peripheral switching module (PSM) of the ZXJ 10 switch is very flexible. Every 960 subscriber circuits can be interchanged freely with 240 digital trunk circuits Every 24 analog subscribers and 12 ISDN subscribers can be interchanged freely. All kinds of subscriber boards can be inserted in mixture. Analog trunks and subscriber boards can be interchanged and mixed during insertion. 30B + D and the second level of V5.2 can be realized on the DT board to provide 30B + D and V5 links equal to 2M trunks. The same digital trunk board DTI can be arbitrarily configured into NO.7, channel associated, V5, or 30B + D, with inter-module or intra-module connections. Besides, NO.1, NO.7, and V5 can be used in hybrid configurations. Analog signaling boards ASIG and DTI boards can be interchanged. In an economical configuration, single racks contain 2400 subscribers, which can reduce 20% of the costs. 5- Mature No.7 Signaling Technology The ZXJ1O No.7 signaling system is designed and developed in strict accordance with Chinese MPT standards and ITU-T recommendations to perform all the functions of No.7 signaling MTP2, MTP3, TUP, ISUP, SCCP, TCAP and OMAP. It has a powerful processing capacity, high reliability and perfect maintenance functions. Hence it can be used as either, a signaling point, a comprehensive signaling transfer point or an independent signaling transfer point. 6- Comprehensive Service Support In its design, the ZXJ10 switch has fully considered ISDN functions thus can support comprehensive analog subscriber and ISDN subscriber new services. Besides, it supports the Centrex service of ISDN subscribers, V5 subscribers and analog subscribers, and has many types of traffic stations with powerful functions. If demanded, the ZXJ1O switch can provide INAP, with perfect SSP functions, to support channel associated signaling, TUP, and ISUP, hence, adaptable to the future development of the telecom network. 7- Rich Access Interfaces The ZXJ10 digital SPC switch can provide rich interfaces, such as the Z interface, 2B+D and 30B+D, PHI, V5.1 , V5.2, digital trunk interfaces, and various analog trunk interfaces such as real line, loop trunk and carrier interfaces. As a result, it can connect to various digital SPC switches and crossbar switches, with strong network adaptability. The ZXJ10 (V10.0) digital SPC switch supports dynamic time slot distribution and switching, and can realize the n x 64Kb/s message switching. It is configured with SDH interface units. It 3

System Structure has the access equipment capacity to access the ATM broadband network, laying a good basis for transition to future broadband networks. On the ZXJ10 (V10.0) switching platform, wired and wireless (mobile) services can be integrated to meet the overall requirements for CDMA mobile switching, and support both GSM900 and DCS 1800 systems. 8- Perfect Service Platform A perfect service platform is provided on basis of the ZXJ10 switch, so that the ZXJ10 switch can play even greater roles. For instance, the ZXJ10 switch provides the traffic statistics platform, which can perform such functions as statistics of various service loads, analysis and monitoring of network statuses for the ZXJ10 switch. This system adopts the standard client/server mode, thus with powerful functions and flexible setting. Starting from the functions defined in national standards, it has extended part of the functions, so that the user can grasp the running of the switch better, more accurately, more conveniently, and in more detail. The billing subsystem of the ZXJ10 switch takes the requirements of the C3 office as the starting point. And it has multi-farious algorithms and flexible setting. As a result, it is compatible with the data formats of many different types of switches, and can meet the centralized billing requirements of different areas and different subscribers. The charging processing of the ZXJ10 switch has a high precision, powerful capacity good reliability, and strong security. The charging of the ZXJ10 switch adopts the network structure, so as to support the inquiry and message output at multiple terminals. Besides, the ZXJ10 switch has inherent automatic testing diagnosis functions. The user can make automatic tests and print the testing results at background terminals. Moreover, the ZXJ10 switch has provided the fees-due pressing system, the 112 measuring station, the 114 phone directory station, the built-in call simulator, the NO.7 and V5 signaling devices, the traffic station position system (including standard traffic station, simple traffic station, computer traffic station, ISDN traffic station, etc.), and the voice mailbox.

SYSTEM CONSTITUTION OF THE ZXJ-10

ZXJ10 (V10.0) adopts the fully distributed control structure. It can be made up of from one to dozens of modules according to the specific exchange capacity. Besides, according to different service demands and different geographic locations, it can be extended with different modules. Except the OMM module, all other modules consist of a pair of active/standby main processors (MP) and several slave processors (SP) as well as some single boards. PSM, SNM, MSM, RSM, and RLM are the basic modules of the ZXJ 10 foreground network. 0MM forms the background network of ZXJ10 (V10.0).

Figure 1: Illustration of the module structure of the ZXJ1O switch

System Structure Architecture of the ZXJ10 (V10.0) switch: OMM: PSM: RSM: RLM: PHM: SNM: OPM: MPM: VPM: MSM: TAM: Operation Maintenance Module Peripheral Switching Module Remote Switching Module Remote Subscriber Module Packet Switching Module Central Switching Module Compound Application Platform Mobile Peripheral Module Visitor Peripheral Module Message Processing Module Internet Access Module

In the ZXJ10 system, all important devices are configured in the active/standby mode, including MP, T-Network, network driving board, communication board, optical interface board, clock equipment and subscriber unit processor. 1- PERIPHERAL SWITCHING MODULE (PSM) Main Functions of PSM As a single module exchange to perform PSTN, ISDN subscriber access and call processing; In a multi-module exchange, it is used as a module to access the central module; As a mobile switching system to access the central exchange; As a service switching point SSP of the intelligent network to access SCP. Hardware Structure of PSM PSM is a basic independent module in ZXJ10 (V10.0). Its main functions include: performing call processing and voice channel switching between subscribers in the local switching module (PSM); connecting the call messages and voice channels between subscribers in the local switching module (PSM) and subscribers in other peripheral switching modules to the SNM central switching network module. The core of the voice channel switching network in PSM includes the active/standby 8K x 8K non-blocking switching network, external interface unit, and signaling unit. Internal message channels are set up through the intra-module communication board COMM and the monitoring board MONI. The clock works in the loose coupling mode, and the clock precision can reach a maximum of stratum 2 Class A. The system has a full configuration of 12480 L + 2880 DT, Every 960 subscribers can be interchanged with 240 trunks. Each module can provide 48 NO.7 links or 24 V5.2 interfaces. PSM adopts the multi-processor hierarchical control mode. It consists of the following basic units: Main Control Unit: The main control unit includes the module processor MP communication subunit COMM, monitoring subunit MON. and environment monitoring subunit PEPD. A single communication board can process 32 64Kb/s HDLC channels, as it carries a 8K byte dual-port RAM. Thus it can be used as the MP-PP and MP-MP communication board, No.7 signaling board, V5.2 communication channel board and 30B+2D channel board. It can also be used for the monitoring of power supply, synchronous units, and optical interfaces, such as the monitoring board MONI and the environment parameter detecting board PEPD. Switching Unit: 8K digital switching network DSN and some interface boards DSNI.

System Structure

Figure 2: PSM structure diagram

Synchronous Unit: Consisting of reference clock CKI (if Bits interface is needed) and synchronous oscillation clock SYCK, to provide a uniform clock system for the whole switching system, and simultaneously supporting the superior stratum external clock synchronous tracing. Signaling Unit: Analog signaling board ASIG can be used as tone board, MFC, DTMF and for caller identification CID. Subscriber Unit: Subscriber unit includes analog subscriber ASLC, digital subscriber DSLC, 2-line A/B real line trunk ABT, carrier trunk (2400Hz/2600Hz SFT), and E&M trunk. Every 960L seize 40 analog subscriber boards SLC (or digital subscriber boards DSLC). Each SLC board contains 24 analog subscribers. Each DSLC board contains 12 digital subscribers. Each unit is configured with 4 analog subscriber testing boards MTT (or digital subscriber testing boards DMTT). SLC and DSLC, and MTT and DMTT, can share board positions. All single boards have processors. A subscriber unit is managed by two active/standby SP (slave processors). Optical Interface Unit: Consisting of several optical interface subunits FBI. In a multimodule exchange, there are several FBIs at the center side to form another optical interface unit for interconnection. Its main function is to connect PSM and central module network with optical fibers, so as to perform the built-in transmission inside the system. Digital Trunk Unit: Digital trunk interface subunit DTI. 2- REMOTE SWITCHING MODULE (RSM) RSM has the same internal structure as PSM, except PSM has more voice channel time slots to the central network which are fixed as 2040 time slots, while RSM has less voice channel time slots to the central network which are added in units of 32 time slots, though adjustable flexibly. In practice, connection between RSM and the central network can go via digital trunk interfaces, so that PCM transmission terminals can access RSM in PCM mode to the system. Or, they can be directly connected as PSM via FBI/ODT or optical fiber interfaces of built-in SDH. This connection mode provides convenience for ZXJ10 (V10.0) networking.

System Structure 3- MESSAGE SWITCHING MODULE (MSM) The message switching module MSM mainly performs message switching between various modules. PSM, RSM and PHM are connected via optical fibers to SNM, so that the semipermanent connections of SNM connect the communication time slots to MSM, and MP in MSM completes the message switching according to route information. In both MSM and PSM, the main control unit has the same structure, which consists of a pair of active/standby MPs and several COMM subunits. In case of a greater system, in which the processing capacity of a pair of MPs is not enough, the capacity can be expanded via the Ethernet, thus enhancing data switching capacity.

Figure 3: MSM structure diagram

4- CENTRAL SWITCHING NETWORK MODULE (SNM) The central switching module (or switching network module SNM) is the core module in a multi-module exchange system. It mainly performs the voice channel switching between the various modules in the multi-module system, and connects communication time slots from multi pie modules via semi-permanent connections to MSM. According to different networking modes of the central rack, a central rack can be classified into 32K network, 64K network, and 256K network. At present, the 32K network central rack results from the overlapping of 8K network boards, though it can also result from 32K single T network boards. The 64K network central rack consists of single network boards (64K). But the 256K network central rack result from the overlapping of 64K network boards. Later on, those turned out will be the 64K network central racks. The central switching module SNM (32K network) can have the following types of units: 1) Central digital switching network unit (simplified as S network), in which each frame has two 8K switching planes, a total of 16K (each plane is in active/standby multiplexing mode); such frames are overlapped to form the 32K central switching network. 2) Main control unit, with the same structure as that of the main control unit in PSM. It mainly controls the connection of the central switching network and DT monitoring. 3) Digital switching network unit (simplified as T network), consisting of system reference clock providing layer and remote access module extended layer, with the same structure as that of the T network in PSM. 4) In a multi-module exchange, optical interface units are configured at the central switching module side to interconnect with the optical interface units in PSM, and to

System Structure carry some PSMs further down. The structure of the central switching module (32K SNM) is as shown in the figure below:

Figure 4: Illustration of 32K central switching network

SNM (32Knetwork) usually has four 8K planes, with a total switching time slots reaching 32K, thus able to meet various market demands. When necessary, it can be expanded into eight 8K planes. HW lines from PSM and PHM are evenly distributed to 4 planes. As the configuration of RSM is quite flexible, PCM lines from RSM are transmitted via a single T-network to multiple planes. The connection of each plane is controlled by a pair of MPs and two COMM boards via the 256Kb/s HDLC links. The pair of MP in SNM is further connected by the Ethernet and the NT Server of 0MM, used for message transfer between OMM and various other related modules. The 64K T-Network of SNM (64K network) is realized on one circuit board. On one circuit board, the 64K x 64K non-blocking switching can be realized, thus the rack structure is greatly simplified. In other words, the 64K non-blocking switching needed several frames previously; now this can be done 011 one board only. 5- OPERATION MAINTENANCE MODULE (OMM) ZXJ10 (Vl0.0) OMM is also called the background operation maintenance system, mainly to differentiate from the foreground MP/COMM operation maintenance system. The foreground / background systems are connected via the 10M Ethernet bus. MP sends the running status information to the background 0MM, and 0MM sends man-machine commands to MP. The system loads messages such as files. The ZXJ10 SPC switch adopts the centralized maintenance management mode. Its maintenance management network has a TCP/IP protocol based client/server structure, based on the WINDOWSNT4.0 operation system. Its content includes data, traffic statistics, call fees, system measuring and system alarming required for the management and maintenance of the switch. The software and data of the whole system are done in OMM, and sent by SNM to each peripheral module, also for remote operation maintenance management.

System Structure The main processor of MSM (or other PSMs) can also be connected via standard TCP/IP protocol to the Ethernet, so as to realize the interconnection between OAM and foreground processor messages.

Figure 5: Illustration of OMM connection

The main functions of the background OMM are briefly listed as follows: 1. Progress scheduling and timing system 2. Alarming control and processing recovery 3. Initial running software loading and version upgrading 4. Foreground/background communication, message switching 5. Monitoring information display and processing 6. File generation and management 7. On-line testing and output result 8. 112 complaint processing 9. Billing management and call ticket processing 10. Traffic management and service quality tracing 11. Data management (including subscriber data, office data) Illustration of the connection between the background 0MM and foreground MP is as shown in Figure 5. Between the background OMM and foreground MP, multiple maintenance terminals can be connected. When the system should be extended, it can be done with the Ethernet extension buses with MP plus additional maintenance terminals. Message communications between the background and foreground and the various PSMs in the system are sent unitarily by the MP in each PSM to the MP in the central exchange, so that the MP (foreground) in the central exchange sends them via the Ethernet bus to various background maintenance terminals. 6- Remote subscriber line module (RLM) ZXJ10 (V10.0) RLM is a subscriber unit used in a remote subscriber group, mainly to provide access for remote trunking subscribers, usually restricted to within 960 subscriber lines. The basic structure of RLM is similar to that of PSM, i.e., consisting of the subscriber unit and transmission unit. Its subscriber unit is completely the same as that of PSM. Its transmission unit can be either the PCM mode or optical fiber mode. It provides the 32Mb information channels to

System Structure connect to the host exchange. One RLM can connect to a maximum of 960 (analog) subscribers. The transmission unit of RLM has clock extracting circuits, as reference for the synchronization between RLM and the host exchange clock.

PERIPHERAL SWITCHING MODULE (PSM)

RACK DIAGRAM OF PSM Configuration of the peripheral switching module is basically the same as the single module configuration. A peripheral switching module can have a maximum of 5 racks, among which the #1 rack is the control cabinet, containing all public resources, two digital trunk layers, and 1 subscriber unit, thus can work independently. Other 4 racks are pure subscriber cabinets (rack No.2 to No.5). Figure 1.3-1 shows only the configuration of subscriber units. According to subscriber line quantity, a single module has a structure of a single rack, or from 2 racks to 5 racks. The configuration diagrams of the control rack and the subscriber rack are respectively shown as in Figure 1.3-2 and Figure 1.3-3.

Figure 6: Arrangement diagram of single module network

Notes on the configuration of peripheral switching module PSM: refer to the networking part for details

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System Structure

Figure 7: Control rack of peripheral switching module

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System Structure

Figure 8: Subscriber rack of PSM

STRUCTURE OF PERIPHERAL SWITCHING MODULE PSM is a basic independent module of ZXJ10 (Vl0.0). Its main functions are: call processing and voice channel switching between subscribers in the local switching module (PSM); connecting call messages and voice channels between subscribers in the local switching module (PSM) and subscribers in other peripheral switching modules to the SNM central switching network module. Shown below is the illustration diagram of the structure principle of a peripheral switching module.

Figure 9: Illustration diagram of the structure principle of PSM

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System Structure Notes: 1. The capacity of each T network board is 8K. Each peripheral switching module consists of two T network boards working in the active/standby mode. 2. Between the subscriber unit and the T network are two 8M HW lines. But from any other unit to the T network is only one 8M HW line. 3. From the COMM board (including No.7, VS board) to the T network is one 2M HW line. 4. Module functions are distributed to various function units. That is, the overlapping of functions in all units can realize the module functions. 5. From the nearby module to the central switching network are usually optical cables, i.e., 16 8M HW lines. DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS FUNCTION UNITS 1- Subscriber Unit A subscriber unit is an interface unit between the switch and subscribers. It is mainly located in PSM, RSM and RLM. It has a total capacity of 960 analog subscribers or 480 digital subscribers. A subscriber unit mainly consists of analog subscriber boards ASLC (two types: 24 lines/board, 16 lines/board), digital subscriber boards DSLC (BRA subscriber lines use the 2B1Q technology to bring transmission distance to 4km.), subscriber unit processing board SP, cross-layer processing interface circuit board SPI. multi-task testing board MTT and subscriber layer backboard BSLC. Each subscriber unit seizes two frames, with DSLC and ASLC freely sharing board positions. The BSLC board is the motherboard for the installation and connection of various single boards in the subscriber unit. Structure of the subscriber unit is as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Subscriber unit structure

A subscriber unit is connected to the T network via two 8M HW lines. With the help of the local LC network, a line concentration ratio of from 1: 1 to 4: 1 can be realized. Meanwhile, the last two time slots of each HW line are usually used for communication with MP. When the 24-subscriber-line boards are used (in units of PCM), working time slots of every subscriber in each subscriber unit are dynamically distributed, i.e., each subscriber unit has a total of 256 TS (two 8Mb/s HWs) seized at random by subscribers, with a structure shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: Illustration of dynamic time slot distribution

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System Structure When the 1 6-subscriber-line boards are used, the line concentration ratio of the subscriber unit is fixed (4:1). So two 8Mb/s HW lines can carry 960 subscribers/unit, and every subscriber can still seize one TS at a fixed position, to realize concentration at the LC level (Note: the two types of subscriber units use different SP processors). The subscriber unit has realized dynamic time slot distribution, on basis of which the dynamic concentration ratio control is further realized, so the time slot availability is greatly enhanced. The seizure of a subscriber time slot is realized by SP assigning a time slot to this subscriber according to the sequence order of this subscriber in the off-hooking array. Once time slots reach their full load, SP controls the sending of the busy tone to subsequent call originators. In a remote subscriber unit RLM, when connection between RLM and the host exchange fails, SP sets up call connections between subscribers inside the unit, and keeps temporary billing storage for subscriber calls which will be transferred to the host exchange MP once the faults are removed. In this case, MTT performs the signal tone and DTMF number-receiving functions. According to user demands, subscriber boards can be changed into analog trunk boards so as to perform analog trunk functions (earlier analog trunks seized a special layer of frame, and a special backboard. New analog trunks can share board positions with subscriber boards.) 2- Digital Trunk Unit 1- Structure Diagram of Digital Trunk Unit A digital trunk unit consists mainly of digital trunk boards DTI and trunk layer backboard BDT, and uses the same frame physically with the analog signaling unit. BDT is the motherboard for installing the DTI board and ASIG board. The front view of its structure is shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12: Structure of digital trunk unit

Digital trunks are the interface between digital SPC switching exchanges or between digital SPC switches and digital transmission devices. 2- Main Functions of a Digital Trunk Unit 1. Code type conversion functions: converting incoming HDB3 codes into NRZ codes, NRZ codes into outgoing HDB3 codes. 2. Extraction of frame synchronization clock: i.e. identifying and extracting external reference clock from inputted PCM codes and sending it to the synchronous timing circuit as local reference clock. 3. Frame synchronization and multi-frame synchronization: performing frame or multiframe synchronization readjustment according to received synchronous reference, i.e., frame positioning signal, so as to prevent delayed caused loss of frame. 4. Signaling insertion and extraction: performing signaling receiving/transmitting through IS 16 identification and signaling insertion/extraction. 5. Alarming detection: detecting transmission quality, such as error code rates, slipping code metering. out of frame, out of multi-frame, and loss of trunk signal, and reporting alarming information to MP.

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System Structure 6. Used for ISDN PRA subscriber access to perform ISDN functions, but here the processing of the D channel by software should abide by the Q.931 recommendation with no change to hardware. On each DTI board are configured four outgoing and incoming trunk circuits (El interfaces), with a capacity of 120 digital trunk subscribers. The CPU of DTI can be directly connected to MP through the semi-permanent connections of the T network to perform message switching according to the HDLC protocol. According to specific circumstances, the DTI board in Figure 12 can be changed into the ODT board. Note that in this case the quantity of DTI boards will decrease. The connection between the digital trunk unit and the T network is through a 8M HW line, and the communication with MP is through the last two time slots of a HW line. 3- Analog Signaling Unit An analog signaling unit consists of the analog signaling board ASIG and backboard BDT. It shares the same frame with the digital trunk unit though they can be mixed in insertion. Each frame layer can hold 16 DII or ASIG analog signaling boards. The quantity ratio between DI and ASIG units depends on the specific system capacity. Each DTI provides 120 voice channels, and each ASIG equally provides 120 channels. The two have the same pins, so they can be mixed in insertion. Generally, one ASIG board is divided into two subunits to be separately configured. Communication between the ASIG unit and the T network, MP, and the digital trunk unit is completely the same. It is connected to the T network through one 8M HW line. The communication time slots to MP are the last two time slots. 1- Main Functions of the Analog Signaling Board ASIG I. Receiving and sending of DTMF signals (120 DTMF Tx/Rx, Tx: transmitting, Rx: receiving): II. Receiving and sending of MFC signals (120 MFC Tx/Rx); III. Sending of signal tone and voice announcements; a voice circuit can provide 80 lines of voice services, with a total length not exceeding 16 minutes; IV. Sending caller information to phone sets with the CID caller number identification information: V. Conference call functions, able to convene 10 3-party conferences or one 30-party conference. VI. Recorded announcement functions. ASIG can be classified into four types according to the different software running on the board: MFC (multi-frequency compelled board), DTMF (dual-tone multi-frequency receiver/sender board), TONE (signal tone and voice circuit boards), amid CID (caller identification). Configuration of the four types of signal sources depends on the system configuration. 4- Main Control Unit The main control unit of ZXJ10 (V10.0) monitors all function units and single boards in the switch, sets up message links between various processors, and provides the running platform for software to meet the various service demands. The ZXJ10 (V10.0) main control unit consists of a pair of active/standby module processor MPs, shared memory board SMEM, communication board COMM, control layer backboard BCTL, monitoring board MON, and environment monitoring board PEPD. BCTL provides bus connections and support for all single boards. COMM, MON and PEPD boards can share board positions. The main control unit seizes one frame.

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System Structure Structure diagram of the main control unit

Figure 13: Structure of main control unit

Figure 14: Illustration diagram of the principle of the main control unit

The connection between the main control unit and the T network is through 32 1 M HW lines. The main applications of 7 pairs of COMM board: Information transfer between MP and various peripheral processing subunit SP processors in single module exchanges. Time slot switching connection control in switching network units. ISDN BRA subscriber D channel information processing. NO.7 signaling and V5.2 channel information processing. Configuration of communication ports Refer to the networking part. Extension of the main control unit A main control unit can be extended by the Ethernet, so as to double the quantity of COMM board, i.e. to reach 3. In this case, the quantity of MP will reach 4, so as to enhance the processing capacity of the No.7 and V5.2 interfaces (Refer to the MSM part for details). Clock synchronous unit (Refer to related sections on the central rack.) Optical interface subunit Information channels between the central module and peripheral switching modules PSM, RSM usually travel long distances, but with a high transmission rate so as to ensure information transfer quality. The ZXJ10 (V10.0) switch uses the broadband optical fiber transmission

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System Structure interfaces. At the central module side and each PSM/RSM side is installed an electric/optical conversion interface circuit, so as to realize the optical transmission of electric signals. The ZXJ10 (V10.0) switch uses the optical fiber interface to send specific interface circuits of 100 PCM information units. Main advantages of FBI: Applicable with both single-mode optical fibers and multi-mode optical fibers: transmission distance of single-mode optical fibers can reach 50Km. Reasonable performance price ratio; Applicable with balanced input (switching network layer driving interface) and imbalanced input (PCM input); Able to insert/extract synchronous clock; Able to insert/extract pseudo random testing codes, to perform error detection and correction: Automatic active/standby switchover in case of failure Position of the FBI optical interface unit in the system is shown in Figure 1.3-10: (refer to the central rack part)

Figure 15: Illustration diagram of FBI application

5- Digital Switching Unit (simplified as T network) Description of Digital Switching Unit Digital switching units are mainly distributed in peripheral switching modules (PSM). They are lime division non-blocking switching networks with a single T structure, and a capacity of 8K X 8K time slots, at a PCM bus rate of 8Mb/s. working in the double in single out hot copy working mode. The connection control of the T network is controlled by MP via the COMM board through the 256kb/s (4 X 64kb/s) super-channel HDLC links. Connection messages are sent by MP to the COMM board, which transfers them to the active/standby switching networks, so as to ensure that the connections of the active/standby switching networks are completely the same, as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16: Connection control of MP on T Network

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System Structure The position of the digital switching unit in the switch structure is as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17: Position of digital switching unit in switch structure

Digital switching units are mainly distributed at the BNET layer of peripheral switching modules. The board position structure diagram is shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18 Diagram of structure of digital switching unit structure

As can be seen, there are a pair of network boards (DSN) and four pairs of driving boards (DSN I) on this layer besides the clock units and optical interface units. The network board has 8K, so the switching capacity of a peripheral switching modules 8K, of which 2K time slots (16 HW lines) are connected to SNM via the FBI board. 512 (4 HW lines) time slots are connected to the control layer via a pair of DSNI boards, used for message switching; remaining time slots (43 Ilines) are connected via the other 3 pairs of DSNJ boards to subscriber units, digital trunk units or resources boards. Main Functions of a Digital Switching Unit: Performing voice channel connection switching of subscribers inside tile module; Interconnected with central switching network module to realize inter-module voice channel connection;

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System Structure For MP to set up message switching connection and communication via semi-permanent connections with outside units; Supporting the n x 64Kb/s dynamic time slot switching, applicable to ISDN H0 H12 channel transmission and width adjustable inter-module communication (n 32). Distribution of T Network HW Lines The switching capacity of a T network is 8K x 8K, with a total of 64 8M HW lines. Among them, four HW lines No.0-3 are used for message communication, and are connected via DSNIC (13, 14 board positions) to the COMM board. These four HW lines are subdivided into 32 1M HW lines after entering tile DSNI-C board, and are connected respectively to various COMM boards as shown in Figure 19.

Figure 19: Illustration diagram of connection from DSN to COMM

These 32, 1 M HW lines are connected respectively to the COMM board. Communications on the board adopt the PCM30/32 frame structure for transmission, though only half of the time slots are used. On the backboard, the heads of 32 HW lines are represented respectively by MPC 0---31. These two DSNI-C boards work in the load-sharing mode. All other HW lines on the T network are used to transmit voice messages, and can be distributed flexibly. Two pairs of DSNI-S boards and one pair of FBI boards are used to connect to the various functions units, as shown ill Figure 1.315. The habitual configurations are: HW 4-19 are used for inter-module connections; Those starting from HW 20 upward are used for connection with subscriber units. Each subscriber unit seizes HW lines; Those starting HW 61 downward are used for connection between digital trunks and analog signaling units. Each unit seizes one HW line; HW 62 is usually a standby HW line, though it can also be for communication between units. HW 63 is used for self-looping testing; Note: when HW lines 4-19 are used for intra-module unit connection, the FBI board must be replaced by the DSNI board. Connection heads of HW4---62 on the backboard are respectively by SPC 0-58.

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System Structure

Figure 20: Illustration of HW lines from DSN to function units and peripheral modules

Application of Digital Switching Unit in Central Rack In case the central rack carries remote modules, single T networks will also be used at the central rack side, for connection between the S network and remote module HW lines. The backboard structure is shown in Figure 21.

Figure 21: Structure of digital switching unit (central rack)

As can be seen here, it is basically the same as the single T network in the peripheral module, except a pair of FBI boards are increased. Through the connection of two pairs of FBI boards, a single I network is connected to the S network via 32 HW lines. But HW lines on DT connected to the remote module are connected via two pairs of DSNI boards to the single T network.

COMPACT SWITCHING MODULE

For lower costs, switching exchanges with less than 5000 subscribers and 600 trunks can be configured with the compact switching modules. Compact switching modules are configured according to different subscriber capacity into two modes, single rack and double-rack modes. The single rack configuration consists of one control network layer (BCTN) and a maximum of 5 subscriber layers, to form a final capacity of 2400 subscriber lines +360 digital trunks in maximum. The double rack configuration consists of one control network layer (BCTN) and a

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System Structure maximum of 11 subscriber layers, to form a final capacity of 52Xu subscribers +600 digital trunks. BASIC PRINCIPLE Such modules can either form exchanges independently, or used as peripheral modules to access the central module. Normally, they are not used as nearby modules, but merely as network terminal nodes, which can not carry any lower level modules further down, or RLM (unless there are enough trunks). In the ZXJ10 (Vl0.0) networking, terminal network nodes with a capacity less than 2401) subscribers + 600DT are usually configured with this module, instead of standard PSM or RSM. Terminal network nodes with a capacity less than 5280 subscribers + 600DT may consider configuration with this module if not to be expanded in a year or two, otherwise, with standard PSM or RSM. BASIC DATA Typical Configuration Single processor cabinet: 2400L+600DT Double processor cabinet: 5280L+600DT Names of newly added single boards Control network layer backboard: BCTN Network clock board: TNET Flexible configuration Compact type of switching n can also be flexibly configured, in similar way with ordinary PSM. But note the following: Communication board: with only 6 slots, the pair are fixed for inter-module communication: the second pair for intra-module communication, and the 3 pair for No.7, V boards. Digital trunk: in standard configurations, digital trunks have 5 slots, of which 2 are shared by DTI and ODT, so as to configure 600 DT, or 480 DT+I ODT, or 360 DT+2 ODT. If trunks are not enough, a trunk layer BDT can be added. The trunk capacity is normally restricted by the T network resources to 12. Resources (ASIG): in standard configurations, ASIG has 3 slots, which can be flexibly configured as DTMF, MFC, TONE, CONF, and CID. Trunk slots can be seized if not enough. T network HW lines: with the 410(4K switching network board, a total of 32 HW lines, each HW line is 8Mbit/s, of which HWO, HW2 are used for communication, HW1, HW3 are idle, HW30, HW31 are used for self-looping. The remaining 26 are used for voice channel connections. The default configuration is: HW4-HW6 distributed to ASIG. HW7-HW9 distributed to 3 DT. HW10-HW17 distributed to 2 ODT. HW18-HW29 distributed to SP. The user can also make flexible configurations according to specific demands, other than restricted by the above configuration. In the subscriber unit frame, various subscriber boards can be inserted in mixture, i.e., they can share board positions. SPECIFIC SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS Typical capacity configuration table for the compact type switching module 21

System Structure

Figure 22: Compact type switching module capacity configuration table

RACK DIAGRAMS Compact type switching module 1 # rack figure 23

Figure 23: Compact type switching module #1 rack figure

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System Structure The 2# rack is purely a subscriber cabinet. This rack is the same as standard PSM/RSM racks.

REMOTE SUBSCRIBER UNIT (RLM)

Rack figure Diagram of Single Board Positions in RSU of ZXJ10 (V10.0)

Figure 24: Illustration of single board positions in remote subscriber unit RSU

The ZXJ10 (V10.0) RLM is a subscriber unit used in remote subscriber groups, to provide access for remote trunking subscribers. It is usually restricted to 960 subscriber lines. RLM has a basic structure similar to that of PSM, except that the plugging frame is the specific RLM frame. Each frame also has 27 slots, consisting of the subscriber unit and the transmission unit. The subscriber unit is completely the same as the subscriber unit of PSM. Its transmission unit can be in either the PCM mode or the optical fiber mode. to provide the 32Mb information channels to connect to the host exchange. One RLM allows access to 960 (analog) subscribers. The RLM transmission unit has a clock extracting circuit used as the reference for RLM and host exchange clock synchronization. The principle block diagram is shown below:

Figure 25: Illustration of RLM structure

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System Structure The transmission units consists of 2 environment detecting boards, 4 digital trunk interface boards or 2 ODT interface boards. The transmission mode between the host exchange and RLM can be either the PCM mode or optical fiber transmission mode. In case of PCM transmission, both ends connect to DTE. The 4 DTI boards provide the 32Mb/s information channels. If optical fibers are used for transmission, then both ends use ODT for outward connections. Two ODT boards can provide the 32Mb/s channels. ODT boards also have trunk interface clock extracting circuits as the reference generating circuits for the synchronization between RLM and the host exchange clock. In the ODT transmission mode, the single span can reach about 50Km. The two REPDI boards on the transmission layer are used for remote subscriber unit environment monitoring. REPD can monitor the following environment parameters: smog, temperature. Humidity, power supply voltage/current, and ODT board status. Besides, it can send such supervised parameters via the RS485 interface and through the 2Mb/s differential driving transmission lines to the SP board in the subscriber unit. so that the SP board can insert the information into the 8Mb/s HW code streams, send it to the transmission layer, via transmission lines to the host exchange, and via semi-permanent connection switching to MP. REPD in the RLM unit can further provide clock sources and lock the clock to the reference clock according to the clock synchronization signal received by DTI/ODT, which can guarantee the working clock precision in the RLM unit. Two REPD boards correspond to t RLM units. So, each RLM unit is also two 8Mb/s HW lines, with a concentration ratio of 4:1. Remote subscriber units work unattended and in very diverse working environments, As their connections to the host exchange might be interrupted due to various reasons, to guarantee normal communication to the maximum extent, remote subscriber units are made to support intra-unit self-switching functions: In case of normal connections to the host exchange, all voice channel connections are realized by the T network of the host exchange. When such connections are interrupted, the MTT board in the unit provides signal tone and number receiving functions, and the switching chip (local line concentration network) on SP performs voice switching. All billing data are temporarily stored in SP. Once the normal communication is restored, the data are sent to the host exchange. REMOTE SUBSCRIBER UNIT TRANSMISSION INTERFACE The transmission interface of ZXJ1O (V1O.O) remote subscriber unit consists of 2 environment parameter detecting boards REPD, 4 trunk interface boards DTI or I optical trunk board ODT and the backboard BRSU of the remote subscriber unit. It seizes one frame. BRSU provides support to the REPD board, ODT board, DTI board as well as channels for the control and transmission between them. Its structure is as shown in Figure 26:

Figure 26: Transmission interface in the remote subscriber unit

Optical trunk board ODT

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System Structure The ODT board uses the synchronous multiplexing technology and optical fiber transmission technology to realize the interconnection between PSM, RSM and RSU, and to perform point to point communication. When the switching equipment purchaser can only provide the transmission lines, the ODT board can replace the DTI board. The ODT board is a minor improvement over the FBI board so that it can be mixed with DTI boards to reserve the orderwire circuits. The transmission capacity is four 8M PCM lines. Both the DTI board and the ODT board are designed to bear the transmission load between the remote subscriber unit and the host exchange. Either will do. If the trunk interface board DTI is used, then HW line transmission is performed through the trunk devices provided by the switching equipment purchaser. If the optical trunk board ODT is chosen, then 1 ODT can also provide 4 bi-directional HW lines for the SP of the remote subscriber unit. Moreover, the ODT board has the long-distance transmission capacity (about 50Km) without any extra transmission equipment provided by the switching equipment purchaser besides its functions of trunk interface board clock extraction arid code stream frame synchronization and readjustment. Remote subscriber unit environment board REPD The REPD board is mainly used for the monitoring over the ODT, POWER boards, detection of external environment parameters (temperature. humidity, and infrared), and sending such information via 2MHW to communicate with the SP board by the HDLC protocol. Meanwhile, it can receive and lock the 8K reference clock (active/standby) sent over by the DTI board or ODT board, and extract the 8M, 8K clock signals for SP, DTI and ODT.

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