VMware Manual 7.0 Eng

Workstation Users Manual
Workstation 7.0
EN-000168-00
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com
Copyright 19982009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at http://www.vmware.com/go/patents. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com

2 VMware, Inc.
Contents
AboutThisBook
19
1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 21
ProductBenefits 21 OverviewofThisManual 22 HostSystemRequirements 22 PCHardware 23 Memory 23 Display 23 DiskDrives 24 LocalAreaNetworking 25 HostOperatingSystem 25 VirtualMachineSpecifications 29 Processor 29 ChipSet 29 BIOS 30 Memory 30 Graphics 30 IDEDrives 30 SCSIDevices 30 FloppyDrives 30 Serial(COM)Ports 31 Parallel(LPT)Ports 31 USBPorts 31 Keyboard 31 MouseandDrawingTablets 31 EthernetCard 31 Sound 31 VirtualNetworking 32 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 32 Supportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 36
VMware, Inc.
2 InstallingandUpgradingVMwareWorkstation 39
InstallationPrerequisites 39 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 40 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHost 41 InstallWorkstationSilently 42 UninstallWorkstationfromaWindowsHost 44 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHost 44 UsingCommandLineInstallationOptions 46 UninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHost 46 PreparingforanUpgrade 47 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHost 48 UpgradingtoaWindowsVistaandWindows7Host 49 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHost 50
3 LearningWorkstationBasics 53
StartWorkstationonaWindowsHost 53 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHost 54 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindow 54 HomePageandViews 56 ToolbarButtons 59 ViewtheSidebar 62 FavoritesListintheSidebar 62 CheckforProductUpdates 65 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineandInstallanOperatingSystem 65 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferences 66 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettings 68 HardwareTab 68 OptionsTab 69 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstation 70 SetaVirtualMachinetoRunintheBackground 71 KeyboardShortcuts 71 ChangetheHotKeyCombination 73 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupport 74 RegisterandCreateaSupportRequest 74 GatherDebuggingInformationforaVirtualMachine 74 RunningtheSupportScript 75
VMware, Inc.
Contents
4 CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine 79
MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachines 79 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizard 80 EasyInstallFeatureforSomeGuestOperatingSystems 80 TypicalComparedtoCustomConfigurations 81 GuestOperatingSystemSelection 82 VirtualMachineLocation 83 VirtualHardwareCompatibilityLevels 84 NumberofProcessors 84 MemoryAllocation 84 NetworkConnectionType 84 I/OAdapterTypes 85 DiskTypes 86 NormalandIndependentDiskModes 86 VirtualDisksandPhysicalDisks 86 DiskCapacity 87 PocketACEDiskSizeCalculatoronWindowsOnly 87 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizard 87 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem 88 InstallationRequirementsforESXGuestOperatingSystem 88 RespondtoEasyInstallPrompts 89 InstallaGuestOperatingSystemManually 90 UseaParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuests 91 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystem 92 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine 93 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgrading 95 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 95
5 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 99
ComponentsofVMwareTools 99 VMwareToolsService 100 VMwareDeviceDrivers 100 VMwareUserProcess 101 VMwareToolsControlPanel 101 InstallingVMwareTools 102 InstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 102 ConfiguretheVideoDriveronOlderVersionsofWindows 103 AutomatetheInstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 104
VMware, Inc.
InstallVMwareToolsonaLinuxGuest 106 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuest 108 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuest 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachine 110 StarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUseaSessionManager onUNIX 111 VMwareToolsUpdateProcess 112 HowAutomaticUpdatesOccur 112 HowYouAreNotifiedtoDoaManualUpdate 113 UseGlobalSettingstoUpdateVMwareToolsAutomatically 113 SetAutoupdateOptionsforEachVirtualMachine 114 UpdateVMwareToolsinOlderWindowsVirtualMachines 114 UninstallVMwareTools 115 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesinaWindowsGuest 115 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel 116 UsetheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcon 116 OptionsTabSettings 117 DevicesTabSettings 119 ScriptsTabSettings 119 ShrinkTabSettings 119 AboutTab 120 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 120 CustomizationstoVMwareTools 121 HowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStates 122 ExecuteCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 125 PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuestatStartup 125 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 128 UsetheVMwareToolsServiceCommandLineInterface 128
6 CreatingaVirtualMachinefromaSystemImageorAnotherVirtual
Machine 131
ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormats 131 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizard 133 SupportedSourceMachines 133 OperatingSystemCompatibility 134 ImportingfromVariousSources 134 SupportedDestinations 138 DesignatingaDestinationforaVirtualMachine 138 ConversionImpactonSettings 140
6 VMware, Inc.
Contents
MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 141 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImage 141 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImage
142
7 GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines 145
StartingaVirtualMachine 145 StartaVirtualMachinefromtheWorkstationUserInterface 146 StartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunningintheBackground 146 StartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVMStreaming 147 VirtualMachineLocation 148 ShutDownaVirtualMachine 148 ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachine 149 DownloadComponents 150 PausingaVirtualMachine 151 PauseFeatureLimitations 151 PauseandUnpauseaVirtualMachine 152 EncryptingaVirtualMachine 152 RestrictionsonEncryption 153 EncryptaVirtualMachine 154 RemoveEncryptionfromaVirtualMachine 154 ChangethePasswordforanEncryptedVirtualMachine 154 DeleteaVirtualMachine 155 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplay 155 UsingUnityMode 156 UseFullScreenMode 159 UseQuickSwitchMode 161 UseExclusiveMode 162 UseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachine 163 UseMultipleMonitorsforMultipleVirtualMachines 165 FittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplay 166 WorkingwithNonstandardResolutions 167 ConfiguringVideoandSound 168 SettingScreenColorDepth 168 SupportforDirect3DGraphics 169 ConfiguringSound 171 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachine 175 DisableAccelerationIfaProgramDoesNotRun 175 ReportBatteryInformationintheGuest 176
VMware, Inc.
UseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachine 176 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachine 177 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachine 178 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachine 179 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachine 180 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopers 181
8 TransferringFilesandTextBetweentheHostandGuest 183
UsingtheDragandDropFeature 183 EnableorDisabletheDragandDropFeature 184 UsingtheCopyandPasteFeature 185 EnableorDisabletheCopyandPasteFeature 185 UsingSharedFolders 186 SetUpSharedFolders 186 EnablingandDisablingSharedFolders 188 ViewingaSharedFolder 190 PermissionsandFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuests 191 UsingaMappedDrive 193 MaporMountaVirtualDisktoaDriveontheHost 193 DisconnecttheHostfromtheVirtualDisk 195
9 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 197
UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeatures 197 UseHardSuspendorSoftSuspend 197 SuspendorResumeaVirtualMachine 198 UsingSnapshots 199 ScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshots 199 InformationCapturedbySnapshots 201 SnapshotConflicts 201 EnableorDisableBackgroundSnapshots 202 ExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshots 203 SnapshotManagerOverview 203 TakeaSnapshot 205 RenameaSnapshotorRecording 206 RestoreanEarlierStatefromaSnapshot 206 DeleteaSnapshotoraRecording 207 TakeorReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOff 208 UsingAutoProtectSnapshots 209
VMware, Inc.
Contents
SnapshotsandWorkstation4VirtualMachines
211
10 Cloning,Moving,andSharingVirtualMachines 213
TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifier 213 UUIDOptionsWhenYouMoveaVirtualMachine 214 SpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachine 214 CloningaVirtualMachine 215 TypesofClones 216 CreatingClones 217 MovingaVirtualMachine 219 HostswithDifferentHardware 219 MoveaVirtualMachinetoaNewLocationoraNewHost 221 MovinganOlderVirtualMachine 222 MovingLinkedClones 222 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsers 222 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachine 223 ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServer 223 UseaVNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachine 224 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServer 225 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayer 226 StartandExitVMwarePlayer 226 SettingUpVirtualMachinesforUsewithVMwarePlayer 228
11 UsingDisksandDiskDrives 231
VirtualMachineDiskStorage 231 BenefitsofUsingVirtualDisks 232 PhysicalDisks 234 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks 234 DefragmentVirtualDisks 235 CompactaVirtualDisk 236 ExpandaVirtualDisk 236 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachine 237 AddaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 237 AddanExistingVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 239 RemoveaVirtualDiskfromaVirtualMachine 239 UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachine 240 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine AddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachine 246
246
VMware, Inc.
AddaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 248 ConnectaCDROM,DVD,orFloppyDrivetoanImageFile UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManager 250 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachines 250 LegacyVirtualDisks 250
249
12 RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity 253
UsesoftheRecord/ReplayFeature 253 PhysicalandVirtualHardwareRequirements 254 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachine 255 RecordControlDialogBoxFeatures 257 ReplayControlDialogBoxFeatures 258 CreateaRecording 260 ReplayaRecording 261 BrowseaRecording 262 UsinganExecutionTraceFileofaRecording 262 EnableExecutionTracingforaRecording 263 CreateanExecutionTraceFileofaRecording 263 MaintenanceTasksforUsingRecordings 264 DeleteaRecording 264 DisablePeriodicScreenshots 264
13 ConfiguringTeams 267
BenefitsofUsingTeams 267 ManagingTeams 268 CreateaTeam 268 OpenaTeamandAddIttotheFavoritesList 269 RenameaTeam 270 PowerOfforCloseaTeam 270 DeleteaTeam 271 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachines 271 ManagingtheMembersofaTeam 272 AddaVirtualMachinetoaTeam 272 RemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeam 273 SpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeam 273 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembers 274 PowerOnaTeam 274 SuspendorResumeaTeam 275
10
VMware, Inc.
Contents
PerformPowerOperationsonOneTeamMember 275 WorkingwithTeamNetworks 276 LANSegmentRequirementsRegardingIPAddresses 276 CreateaTeamLANSegment 276 ConfigureLANSegments 277 AddorRemoveNetworkAdapters 277 DeleteaLANSegment 278 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachines 278
14 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 281
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 281 VirtualSwitch 281 DHCPServer 282 NetworkAdapter 282 CommonNetworkingConfigurations 282 BridgedNetworking 283 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 285 HostOnlyNetworking 286 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 287 SetUpaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 288 ChangingaNetworkingConfiguration 290 FindtheNetworkTypeofaVirtualMachine 291 AddVirtualNetworkAdapters 291 ModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapters 292 ConfiguringBridgedNetworking 292 ConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaWindowsHost 292 Configurevmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHost 294 SettingUpaSecondAutomaticBridgedNetworkInterface 295 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetwork 295 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaWindowsHost 296 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaLinuxHost 296 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdapters 297 ConnectorDisconnectaHostVirtualNetworkAdapter 297 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 298
15 AdvancedVirtualNetworking 299
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 299 HowtheSubnetNumberIsAssigned 300
VMware, Inc.
11
DeterminingWhethertoUseDHCPorStaticallyAssignAddresses 300 DHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddresses 301 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaWindowsHost 301 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHost 302 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 302 DisablePacketForwardingonWindowsHosts 303 DisablePacketForwardingonLinuxHosts 303 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 304 AvoidingMACAddressChanges 304 AssigntheSameMACAddresstoAnyVirtualMachineManually 305 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinux 306 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinux 306 DHCPDontheLinuxHostDoesNotWorkAfterInstallingWorkstation 306 DHCPandDDNS 307 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachines 307 SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2 308 SetUpUsingConfiguration3 308 CompleteConfiguringtheVirtualNetworkAdapters 309 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 309 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost 311 UsingNAT 312 HowtheNATDeviceUsestheVMnet8VirtualSwitch 312 DHCPontheNATNetwork 313 DNSontheNATNetwork 313 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 314 AdvancedNATConfiguration 314 ConfigureNATonaWindowsHost 315 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost 315 SpecifyingConnectionsfromPortsBelow1024 316 ConfiguringNATonaLinuxHost 316 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 319 UsingNATwithNetLogon 319 SampleLinuxnat.confFile 322 UsingSambawithWorkstation 324 AddUserstotheSambaPasswordFile 324 UsingaSambaServerforBridgedandHostOnlyNetworks 324 UseSambaWithoutNetworkAccess 325
12
VMware, Inc.
Contents
16 ConnectingDevices 327
UsingParallelPorts 327 AddaVirtualParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine 328 TroubleshootECRErrorsforParallelPorts 328 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 329 UsingSerialPorts 330 AddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtualMachine 331 ChangetheInputSpeedoftheSerialConnection 333 DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPort 333 ConfiguringKeyboardFeatures 335 UsetheEnhancedVirtualKeyboardforWindowsHosts 335 HotKeysforVirtualMachines 335 SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClients 336 KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHost 337 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 346 EnabletheUSB2.0ControllerforaVirtualMachine 347 AddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachine 347 ConnectingUSBDevices 348 USBDriverInstallationonaWindowsHost 350 AccessandUseaUSBDeviceonaLinuxHost 351 HowDeviceControlIsSharedBetweenHostandGuest 351 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 352 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachines 353 SwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinuxHosts 355 DisableSmartCardSharing 355 SupportforGenericSCSIDevices 356 InstallingRequiredAdaptersorDriversforSomeWindowsGuests 357 AvoidingConcurrentAccessonLinuxHosts 358 AddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine 358 TroubleshootProblemsDetectingGenericSCSIDevices 359 UseFourWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing 361 UseaVirtualMachineThatOriginallyHadMoreThanTwoVirtual Processors 362
17 SpecialPurposeConfigurationOptionsforWindowsHosts 363
RestrictingtheUserInterface 363 EnabletheRestrictedUserInterface 364 RestricttheUserInterfaceandReturntoaSnapshot 364
VMware, Inc.
13
DisabletheRestrictedUserInterface 365 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchMode 366 CreateaVirtualMachineforUseinFullScreenSwitchMode 366 MovingaVirtualMachinetoaUsersComputer 367 ConfiguringHotKeysforFullScreenSwitchMode 367 UsingvmwarefullscreentoRunaVirtualMachine 372 GuestACPIS1Sleep 374
18 LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE 377
BenefitsofUsingVMwareACE 377 KeyFeaturesofVMwareACE 378 VMwareACETerminology 379 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstation 379 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackages 380 OverviewoftheACEUserInterface 382 TroubleshootingUsersProblems 382
19 SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer 385
BenefitsofUsingPolicies 386 SetPoliciesforACEInstances 386 SettingAccessControlPolicies 387 CreateorEditanAccessControlPolicy 387 ActivationSettings 388 AuthenticationSettings 389 UsinganAuthenticationScript 389 IncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackage 390 SetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstances 391 SetActivationLimit 392 ActiveDirectoryPasswordChangeProxying 392 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPolicies 393 SpecifyaScriptandaCommandtoRunIt 394 SettingExpirationPolicies 395 SettingCopyProtectionPolicies 396 SettingResourceSigningPolicies 396 SettingNetworkAccessPolicies 397 BeforeYouBeginSettingHostPolicies 397 UsetheNetworkAccessWizardtoConfigureNetworkAccess 398 GuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditions 399
14
VMware, Inc.
Contents
UsingtheRulesetEditortoConfigureHostandGuestAccess 402 ChangeNATSettings 404 ConfigureWhichPhysicalNetworkAdaptertoUse 405 UnderstandingtheInteractionofHostandGuestAccessFilterswithTunneling Protocols 405 UpdatingaNetworkAccessPolicy 406 SettingRemovableDevicesPolicies 406 SettingUSBDevicePolicies 406 AccessLevelsforUSBDevices 406 SetanAccessPolicyforUSBDevices 407 SettingVirtualPrinterPolicies 408 SettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies 409 RuntimePreferencesSettings 409 EnhancedVirtualKeyboardSettings 410 ExitBehaviorSettings 410 PocketACECacheSettings 411 SettingSnapshotPolicies 411 SettingAdministratorModePolicies 412 UseAdministratorModeonanACEInstance 413 SettingKioskModePolicies 413 ChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskMode 414 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstances 414 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstances 415 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost 415 WritingPlugInPolicyScripts 417 ExamplesofPolicyScripts 418 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnly 422 CreateandSpecifyaSkinFile 422 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIcons 423 CustomizingtheTitleBarText 423 CustomizingtheRemovableDeviceDisplay 424 ShortcutKeyValues 425 SampleSkinFile 426
20 DeployingACEPackages 429
EditDeploymentSettings 429 EncryptionSettings 430 PackageLifetimeSettings 430 InstanceCustomizationonWindowsHostsOnly 431
VMware, Inc. 15
CustomEULASettings 439 DeploymentPlatformSettings 439 ACEResourcesDirectory 439 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachine 440 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettings 441 CreatingaPackage 443 OverviewofPackageCreationandValidation 443 TurnOfftheVMwareToolsCheckforTestDeployments 444 PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizards 445 UsetheNewPackageWizard 446 ViewPackagePropertiesandAddNotes 448 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTest 448 DeployPackages 449
21 PocketACE 451
UseCasesforPocketACE 451 PortableDeviceRequirements 453 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACE 453 CreateaPocketACEPackage 454 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice 455 UsetheGraphicalUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages 455 UsetheCommandLineUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages RunthePocketACEInstance 457
456
22 InstallingACEPackages 459
InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHost 459 InstallanACEInstanceonaSingleWindowsHost 459 InstallinganACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleWindowsHosts 460 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEinstancefromaWindowsHost 462 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHost 463 ManuallyInstallVMwarePlayeronaLinuxHost 463 InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHost 464 InstallanACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleLinuxHosts 465 PrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskMode 465 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEInstancefromaLinuxHost 466 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.6 467 StartandUseanACEInstance 467 ChangeDefaultKioskModeStartupBehavior 468
16
VMware, Inc.
Contents
UseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKioskMode 470 InstallanACEClientLicense 471 ChangetheACEClientLicense 471 QuitVMwarePlayer 472 TroubleshootingTools 472 UsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool 472 RespondtoHotFixRequests 474 TroubleshootingSetupIssues 475
A WorkstationCommandLineReference 477
StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachines UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcut 478 477
Glossary
481
Index 487
VMware, Inc.
17
18
VMware, Inc.
About This Book
Thismanual,theWorkstationUsersManual,providesinformationaboutinstallingand usingVMwareWorkstation7.0.WithWorkstation,youcanconvertanexisting physicalPCintoaVMwarevirtualmachineorcreateanewvirtualmachine.Each virtualmachinerepresentsacompletePC,includingtheprocessor,memory,network connectionsandperipheralports.UseWorkstationtodothefollowing:

Hostlegacyapplicationsandovercomeplatformmigrationissues. Configureandtestnewsoftwareorpatchesinanisolatedenvironment. Automatetasksforsoftwaredevelopmentandtesting. DemonstratemultitierconfigurationsonasinglePC.
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,oruseVMware Workstation.Workstationuserstypicallyincludepeoplewhodosoftwaredevelopment andtestingorworkwithmultipleoperatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments: softwaredevelopers,QAengineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyone whowantstocreatevirtualmachines.
Document Feedback
VMwarewelcomesyoursuggestionsforimprovingourdocumentation.Ifyouhave comments,sendyourfeedbacktodocfeedback@vmware.com.
VMware, Inc.
19
Technical Support and Education Resources

Thefollowingsectionsdescribethetechnicalsupportresourcesavailabletoyou.To accessthecurrentversionofthisbookandotherbooks,goto http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.
Online and Telephone Support

Touseonlinesupporttosubmittechnicalsupportrequests,viewyourproductand contractinformation,andregisteryourproducts,goto http://www.vmware.com/support. Customerswithappropriatesupportcontractsshouldusetelephonesupportforthe fastestresponseonpriority1issues.Goto http://www.vmware.com/support/phone_support.html.
Support Offerings
TofindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds,goto http://www.vmware.com/support/services.
VMware Professional Services

VMwareEducationServicescoursesofferextensivehandsonlabs,casestudy examples,andcoursematerialsdesignedtobeusedasonthejobreferencetools. Coursesareavailableonsite,intheclassroom,andliveonline.Foronsitepilot programs andimplementationbestpractices,VMwareConsultingServicesprovides offeringsto helpyouassess,plan,build,andmanageyourvirtualenvironment.To accessinformationabouteducationclasses,certificationprograms,andconsulting services,gotohttp://www.vmware.com/services.
20
VMware, Inc.
Introduction and System Requirements
VMware Workstationisadesktopsoftwarethatallowsyoutorunmultiple x86compatibledesktopandserveroperatingsystemssimultaneouslyonasinglePC, infullynetworked,portablevirtualmachineswithnorebootingorharddrive partitioningrequired.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ProductBenefitsonpage 21 OverviewofThisManualonpage 22 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 22 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 29 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 32
Product Benefits
Workstationisusedinthesoftwaredevelopment,qualityassurance,training,sales,and ITfields. Workstationstreamlinessoftwaredevelopmentandtesting:

DevelopandtestmultipleoperatingsystemsandapplicationsonasinglePC. Connectvirtualmachinestosimulateandtestmultitierconfigurations. Usemultiplesnapshotsanddebuggingsupporttofacilitatetesting. Archivetestenvironmentsonfileserverswheretheycanbeeasilyrestoredor shared.
WorkstationenhancesproductivityofITprofessionals:
VMware, Inc.
21
Configureandtestdesktopsandserversasvirtualmachinesbeforedeploying themtoproduction. Testnewmultitierapplications,applicationupdates,andoperatingsystem patchesonasinglePC. Hostlegacyapplicationswithinvirtualmachines,facilitatingoperatingsystem migrationsandeliminatingtheneedtoportlegacyapplications. Createavirtuallibraryofenduserconfigurationsonashareddrive.
Workstationfacilitatescomputerbasedtrainingandsoftwaredemos:

Packageanddeployclassroommaterialinvirtualmachines. Allowstudentstoexperimentwithmultipleoperatingsystems,applications,and toolsinsecure,isolatedvirtualmachines. Configurevirtualmachinestoundoallchangesatshutdown. Democomplexormultitierconfigurationsonasinglelaptop.
Overview of This Manual

IfyouareaveteranWorkstationuser,seetheWorkstationReleaseNotesforalistof newfeatures.Forupgradeinstructions,seePreparingforanUpgradeonpage 47. IfyouarenewtoWorkstation,thefirstchaptersofthismanualthroughChapter 7, GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines,onpage 145guideyouthroughthekey stepsforinstallingthesoftwareandprovideanintroductiontousingWorkstation. Laterchaptersprovideindepthinformationaboutthesophisticatedfeaturesof Workstation.Thesechaptersareintendedforexpertusers. Chapter 18,LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE,onpage 377throughChapter 22, InstallingACEPackages,onpage 459describehowtousetheACEfeaturesincluded withtheversionofWorkstationthatrunsonWindowshosts.VMwareACEauthoring featuresenableyoutopackageanddeployPocketACEanddesktopvirtualmachines withencryption,restrictednetworkaccess,anddevicecontrol.
Host System Requirements

Likephysicalcomputers,thevirtualmachinesrunningunderWorkstationperform betteriftheyhavefasterprocessorsandmorememory. Thetermshostandguestdescribephysicalandvirtualmachines:
22
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
HostThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheWorkstationsoftwareis calledthehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemisthehostoperatingsystem. GuestTheoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguest operatingsystem.
Fordefinitionsoftheseandotherspecialterms,seeGlossaryonpage 481.
PC Hardware

Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer 1.3GHzorfasterCPUminimum Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Supportfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsisavailablewithIntelVTorAMDV CPUs.
ForhardwarerequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.
Memory
Youneedenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememoryrequired foreachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest.The minimummemoryrequirementis1GB,VMwarerecommendstohave2GBandabove. Formoreinformationonmemoryrequirements,seeyourguestoperatingsystemand applicationdocumentation. Asofversion7.0ofWorkstation,thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoall virtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostislimitedonlybytheamountofRAMonthe host.Themaximumamountofmemoryforeachvirtualmachineis32GB. FormemoryrequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.
Display
16bitor32bitdisplayadapterisrecommended.Fordisplayrequirementstosupport Windows7Aerographics,seeRecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphics Supportonpage 24.
VMware, Inc.
23
Recommendations for Windows 7 Aero Graphics Support

TosupportWindows7Aerographics,VMwarerecommendsthefollowing configuration:
CPU

IntelDualCore,2.2GHzandabove AMDAthlon4200+andabove
HostGCPU

nVidiaGeForce8800GTandabove ATIRadeonHD2600andabove
Memoryatleast3GBofhostsystemmemory,1GBofmemoryallocatedtothe guestoperatingsystem,and256MBgraphicsmemory.
Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemscanresideonphysicaldiskpartitionsorinvirtualdiskfiles.
Hard Disks

IDEandSCSIharddrivesaresupported. VMwarerecommendsatleast1GBfreediskspaceforeachguestoperatingsystem andtheapplicationsoftwareusedwithit.Ifyouuseadefaultsetup,theactualdisk spaceneedsareapproximatelythesameasthoseforinstallingandrunningthe guestoperatingsystemandapplicationsonaphysicalcomputer. 200MB(Linux)or1.5GB(Windows)freediskspaceisrequiredforbasic installation.Deletetheinstallerafterwardstoreclaimdiskspace.
Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drives

IDEandSCSIopticaldrivesaresupported. CDROMandDVDROMdrivesaresupported. ISOdiskimagefilesaresupported.
Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsdiskdrives.Floppydiskimagefilesarealso supported.
24
VMware, Inc.
Local Area Networking

YoucanuseanyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedbyusingbuiltinnetworkaddress translation(NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusrouting softwareonthehostoperatingsystem.
Host Operating System

VMwareWorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostoperatingsystems. VMwareACEfeaturesareincludedonlyintheversionofWorkstationthatrunson Windowshosts. AWebbrowserisrequiredfortheWorkstationHelpsystem.
Windows Host Operating Systems

WorkstationsupportsthefollowingWindows32bitand64bithostoperatingsystems. Table 1-1. Supported Windows Host Operating Systems
Operating System Type 32bit Operating System Edition Windows7UltimateEdition Windows7EnterpriseEdition Windows7Business Windows7HomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition,SP1,SP2 WindowsVistaBusinessEdition,SP1,SP2 WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions,SP1,SP2 WindowsVistaUltimateEdition,SP1,SP2 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. WindowsServer2008Enterprise,SP1,R2 WindowsServer2008Standard,SP1,R2 WindowsServer2003StandardEditionwithSP1,R2,SP2 WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEditionwithSP1,R2,SP2 WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEditionwithSP1,R2,SP2 WindowsXPHomeEditionwithSP2orlaterservicepack WindowsXPProfessionalwithSP2orlaterservicepack
VMware, Inc.
25
Table 1-1. Supported Windows Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Operating System Type 64bit Operating System Edition Windows7UltimateEdition Windows7EnterpriseEdition Windows7Professional Windows7HomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition,SP1,SP2 WindowsVistaBusinessEdition,SP1,SP2 WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions,SP1,SP2 WindowsVistaUltimateEdition,SP1,SP2 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. WindowsServer2008Enterprise,SP1,R2 WindowsServer2008Standard,SP1,R2 WindowsServer2003StandardEditionwithSP1,R2,SP2 WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEditionwithSP1,R2,SP2 WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEditionwithSP1, R2,SP2Windows WindowsXPProfessionalx64EditionwithSP1orlaterservice pack
Linux Host Operating Systems

WorkstationsupportsthefollowingLinux32bitand64bitdistributionsandkernels forthehostoperatingsystems.Workstationmightnotrunonsystemsthatdonotmeet theserequirements. AsnewerLinuxkernelsanddistributionsarereleased,VMwaremodifiesandtestsits productsforstabilityandreliabilityonthosehostplatforms.VMwaremakesevery efforttoaddsupportfornewkernelsanddistributionsinatimelymanner,butuntila kernelordistributionisaddedtothefollowinglist,itsusewithVMwareproductsisnot supported.LookfornewerprebuiltmodulesintheDownloadsareaoftheVMware Website. InWorkstation7.0andlater,onlyLinuxkernelsversion2.6.9andlateraresupported.
26
VMware, Inc.
Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems

Operating System Type 32bit Operating System Edition AsianuxServer3 CentOS5.2 CentOS5.1 CentOS5.0 Mandriva2009 Mandriva2008,20081 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.2 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.1 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.3WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.2WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.8WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.7WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.6WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5(formerly4.0Update5)WS,AS, ES SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer11 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1,SP2 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop11 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop10,SP1,SP2 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack. 32bit openSUSE11.2 openSUSE11.1 openSUSE11 openSUSE10.3 openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2) UbuntuLinux9.04 UbuntuLinux8.10 UbuntuLinux8.04,8.04.1,8.04.2,8.04.3 UbuntuLinux6.06
VMware, Inc.
27
Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Operating System Type 64bit Operating System Edition AsianuxServer3 CentOS5.2 CentOS5.1 CentOS5.0 Mandriva2009 Mandriva2008,20081 Note:On64bitMandrivahosts,some32bitcompatibility librariesarerequired.Specifically,32bitglibc,X11,and libXtst.soarerequired. OracleEnterpriseLinux5.2 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.1 OracleEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.3WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.2WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.8WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.7WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.6WS,AS,ES RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5(formerly4.0Update5)WS,AS, ES SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer11 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1,SP2 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop11 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop10,SP1,SP2 Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack.
28
VMware, Inc.
Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Operating System Type 64bit Operating System Edition openSUSE11.2 openSUSE11.1 openSUSE11 openSUSE10.3 openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2) UbuntuLinux9.04 UbuntuLinux8.10 UbuntuLinux8.04,8.04.1,8.04.2,8.04.3 UbuntuLinux6.06 Note:On64bitUbuntu6.xhosts,some32bitcompatibility librariesarerequired.Specifically,32bitglibcandX11are required.
Virtual Machine Specifications

ThefollowingsectionsdescribethedevicesthatWorkstationvirtualmachinessupport.
Processor

Sameprocessorasthatonhostcomputer. Onevirtualprocessoronahostwithoneormorelogicalprocessors. Uptofourvirtualprocessors(fourwayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing,or Virtual SMP)onahostwithatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
SeeUseFourWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 361.
Chip Set

Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC
VMware, Inc.
29
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
Memory
Youcanallocateupto32GBofmemoryforavirtualmachine,dependingonhost memory. Nomaximumlimitforthetotalavailableforallvirtualmachines.
Graphics
VGAandSVGAaresupported.
IDE Drives
Uptofourdevicesdisks,CDROMorDVDROM(DVDdrivescanbeusedto readdataDVDROMdiscs;DVDvideoisnotsupported). Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB. CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.
SCSI Devices

Upto60devices. SCSIvirtualdisksupto950GB. Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. GenericSCSIsupportallowsdevicestobeusedwithoutneedfordriversinthe hostoperatingsystem.Workswithscanners,CDROM,DVDROM,tapedrives andotherSCSIdevices. LSILogicLSI53C10xxUltra320SCSII/Ocontroller. Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter(requiresaddondriver fromVMwareforWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003).
Floppy Drives

Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices. Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles.
VMware, Inc.
30
Serial (COM) Ports

Uptofourserial(COM)ports. Outputtoserialports,WindowsorLinuxfiles,ornamedpipes.
Parallel (LPT) Ports

Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports. Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles.
USB Ports

USB1.1UHCIcontroller USB2.0EHCIcontroller.(UsethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoenableUSB2.0 support.SeeEnabletheUSB2.0ControllerforaVirtualMachineonpage 347.) Supportsmostdevices,includingUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives, memorycardreaders,anddigitalcameras,aswellasstreamingdevicessuchas webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced
Mouse and Drawing Tablets

PS/2andUSBmouse Serialtabletssupported USBtabletssupported
Ethernet Card

Upto10virtualEthernetcards. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.
Sound
Soundoutputandinput.
VMware, Inc.
31
EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.(DoesnotsupportMIDIinputor gameportcontroller/joysticks.)
Virtual Networking
Supportfor10virtualEthernetswitchesonMicrosoftWindowshostoperating systems.Supportfor255virtualEthernetswitchesonLinuxhosts.Threeswitches areconfiguredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly,andNATnetworking. SupportformostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP,NetBEUI,Microsoft Networking,Samba,NovellNetware,andNetworkFileSystem. BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet, includingVPNsupportforPPTPoverNAT.
Supported Guest Operating Systems

Table 13providesasimplifiedlistofguestoperatingsystemssupportedforvirtual machinesrunninginWorkstation.Forthemostrecentlist,includingdetailsabout specificoperatingsystemversions,servicepacks,andupdatessupported,seethe onlineVMwareCompatibilityGuide.GototheVMwareWebsiteandselectResources> CompatibilityGuides,andclicktheViewtheGuest/HostOStabontheVMware CompatibilityGuideWebsitelink.Theguidealsoprovidesnotesoninstallingthe mostcommonguestoperatingsystems.
32
VMware, Inc.
Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems

Operating System Type Windows32bit Operating System Edition Windows7UltimateEdition Windows7EnterpriseEdition Windows7Business Windows7HomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaBusiness WindowsVistaEnterprise WindowsVistaUltimate WindowsServer2008StandardEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008DatacenterEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008EnterpriseEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2003StandardEdition WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEdition WindowsServer2003WebEdition WindowsServer2003Enterprise WindowsXPProfessional WindowsXPHomeEdition WindowsPE WindowsRE Windows2000Professional Windows2000Server Windows2000AdvancedServer WindowsNT4.0WorkstationwithSP6 WindowsNT4.0ServerwithSP6 WindowsNT4.0TerminalServerEditionwithSP6 WindowsMe Windows98 Windows95 Windows3.1(withWindowsforWorkgroups) MicrosoftMSDOS MSDOS
VMware, Inc.
33
Table 1-3. Guest Operating Systems (Continued)

Operating System Type Windows64bit Operating System Edition Windows7UltimateEdition Windows7EnterpriseEdition Windows7Business Windows7HomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium WindowsVistaBusiness WindowsVistaEnterprise WindowsVistaUltimate WindowsServer2008x64StandardEditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008Datacenterx64EditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2008Enterprisex64EditionwithoutHyperV WindowsServer2003StandardEdition WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEdition WindowsServer2003WebEdition WindowsServer2003Enterprise WindowsServerx64 WindowsXPProfessional WindowsPE WindowsRE
34
VMware, Inc.

Operating System Type Linux32bit Operating System Edition AsianuxServer CentOS MandrakeLinux MandrivaLinux MandrivaCorporateDesktop MandrivaCorporateServer NovellLinuxDesktop OracleEnterpriseLinux RedHatLinux RedHatEnterpriseLinuxServer RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer(AS) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxEnterpriseServer(ES) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWorkstation RedHatEnterpriseLinuxDesktopwithorwithoutthe WorkstationOption RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedPlatform SUSELinux openSUSELinux SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop TurbolinuxServer TurbolinuxEnterpriseServer TurbolinuxWorkstation TurbolinuxDesktop UbuntuLinux Linux64bit AsianuxServer CentOS MandrivaLinux MandrivaCorporateDesktop MandrivaCorporateServer OracleEnterpriseLinux
VMware, Inc.
35

Operating System Type Linux64bit(continued) Operating System Edition RedHatEnterpriseLinuxServer RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer(AS) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxEnterpriseServer(ES) RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWorkstation RedHatEnterpriseLinuxDesktopwithorwithoutthe WorkstationOption RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedPlatform SUSELinux openSUSELinux SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop TurbolinuxServer UbuntuLinux NovellNetWare32Bit NovellOpenEnterprise Server32bit FreeBSD32bit NetWare OpenEnterpriseServer32bit FreeBSD32bit Note:IfyouuseSCSIvirtualdiskslargerthan2GBwith FreeBSD4.04.3,theguestoperatingsystemdoesnotboot.To workaroundthisissue,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem InstallationGuide. FreeBSD64bit Sun32bit FreeBSD64bit Solarisx8632bit SunJavaDesktopSystem(JDS) Sun64bit Solarisx8664bit
Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems,running onhostmachineswiththefollowingprocessors:

RevisionDorlaterofAMDAthlon64,Opteron,Turion64,andSempron IntelPentium4andCore2,andCorei7processorswithEM64TandIntel VirtualizationTechnology
36
VMware, Inc.
Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon hostmachinesthathaveoneofthesupported64bitprocessors.Whenyoupowerona virtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsaninternal check.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpoweronthe virtualmachine. VMwarealsoprovidesastandaloneutilitythatyoucanusewithoutWorkstationto performthesamecheckanddeterminewhetheryourCPUissupportedfor Workstationvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Downloadthe64bit processorcheckutilityfromthedownloadsareaoftheVMwareWebsite. Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyin versions5.5andlater.IfyourversionofWorkstationis5.0orearlier,upgradetoversion 6.0orlaterfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsupport.Avirtualmachinecreatedin Workstationversion5.5witha64bitoperatingsystemcannotbepoweredonor resumedinWorkstationversions5.0andearlier.
VMware, Inc.
37
38
VMware, Inc.
Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation
ThischapterdiscusseshowtoinstallWorkstationonyourLinuxorWindowshost. This chaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:

InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 39 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProductsonpage 40 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 41 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 44 PreparingforanUpgradeonpage 47 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 48 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 50
Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareWorkstationisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandard installationwizard. Beforeyouruntheinstallationprogram,besureyouhavethefollowing:
AcompatiblehostVerifythatthecomputerandhostoperatingsystemmeetthe systemrequirementsforrunningWorkstation.SeeHostSystemRequirements onpage 22. WorkstationinstallationsoftwareIfyouhavethepackageddistributionof Workstation,theinstallationsoftwareisontheinstallationmediainyourpackage. Ifyouhavetheelectronicdistribution,theinstallationsoftwareisinthefileyou downloaded. WorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostcomputers.Theinstallation filesforbothhostplatformsareincludedinthepackageddistribution.
VMware, Inc.
39
WorkstationorVMwareACEserialnumberYourserialnumberisonthe registrationcardinyourpackage.IfyoupurchasedWorkstationorVMwareACE online,theserialnumberissentbyemail. YourserialnumberallowsyoutouseWorkstationonlyonthehostoperating systemforwhichyoulicensedthesoftware.Forexample,ifyouhaveaserial numberforaWindowshost,youcannotrunthesoftwareonaLinuxhost. Youneedonelicenseforeachuser. TouseWorkstationonadifferenthostoperatingsystem,purchasealicenseonthe VMwareWebsite.Youcanalsoobtainanevaluationlicenseatnochargefora 30dayevaluationofthesoftware.Formoreinformation,gototheVMwareWeb site. IfyoudonotentertheWorkstationserialnumberatinstallationtime(anoption availableonaWindowshost),youarepromptedtoenteritthefirsttimeyou attempttopoweronavirtualmachine.
AguestoperatingsystemAfterWorkstationisinstalled,youneedtheoperating systeminstallationCDs,DVDs,orISOimagefilestosetupaguestinavirtual machine. (Optional)EclipseorMicrosoftVisualStudioToinstalltheEclipseorVisual StudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerpluginsincludedwithWorkstation,Eclipse orVisualStudiomustbeinstalledonthehostbeforeyouruntheWorkstation installer.IfyouinstalloneorbothoftheseprogramsafteryouinstallWorkstation, runtheWorkstationinstalleragainandselecttheModifyoptiontoinstallthe pluginsatthattime. FormoreinformationaboutsupportedversionsofVisualStudioandEclipse,see thefollowingguides:

IntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipseDevelopersGuide IntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioDevelopersGuide
Sharing a Workstation Host with Other VMware Products

YoucannothaveVMwareWorkstationinstalledonthesamehostmachinewithanother VMwareproduct,suchasVMwareServerortheVMwareVirtualMachineConsole. TheonlyVMwareproductsthatcanshareahostmachinewithWorkstationarethe VMwareVirtualCenterclientsoftwareandVMwareConverter.Ifyouplantoinstall VMwareWorkstationonahostmachinethatalreadycontainsanotherVMware product,youmustuninstallthatproductfirst.
40
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation
Afteryoucompletetheprerequisitesanddeterminewhichcomputeryouwanttouse forhostingWorkstation,seetheappropriateplatformspecificinstallationtopic.
Install Workstation on a Windows Host

Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheitemslistedinInstallationPrerequisiteson page 39.Althoughyoucanentertheserialnumberafterinstallation,VMware recommendsenteringitatinstallationtime. ThistopicdescribeshowtouseaninstallationwizardtoinstallWorkstation.Toinstead usethecommandlineinterfacetoperformasilentinstallationonmanycomputers,see InstallWorkstationSilentlyonpage 42. To install Workstation on a Windows host 1 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup. Loginaslocaladministrator(thatis,donotlogintothedomain,unlessyour domainaccountisalsoalocaladministrator). AlthoughanadministratormustinstallWorkstation,auserwithout administrativeprivilegescanruntheprogramafteritisinstalled. 2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseRunandspecifythepathtoeithertheCD/DVDdrive orthedownloadedinstallerfile:
Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmedia,enterD:\setup.exe,where D:isthedriveletterforyourCD/DVDdrive. Ifyouareinstallingfromadownloadedfile,browsetothedirectorywhere yousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile,andruntheinstaller. ThefilenameissimilartoVMware-workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.exe,where <xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersrepresentingtheversionandbuild numbers.
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,whentheUserAccountControldialogbox promptsyouforpermissiontoruntheinstaller,clickContinue. IfyouhaveanearlierversionofWorkstationinstalledonyoursystem,theinstaller removesthatversionbeforeinstallingthenewversion.Aftertheuninstallationis complete,youmightbepromptedtorestartyourcomputerbeforetheinstallercan installthenewversion. 3 Whenthewizardopensandfinishescomputingspacerequirements,clickNext.
VMware, Inc.
41
OntheSetupTypepage,selectTypicalunlessyoudonotwanttoinstallthe applicableWorkstationIDEplugins,orifyouhaveEclipseorVisualStudio installedinanonstandardlocation. IfyouhaveVisualStudioorEclipseinstalled,theinstallerinstallsanintegrated virtualdebugger.Ifyoudonotwantaplugininstalled,selecttheCustomsetup, andselectnottoinstallthatcomponent. IfyouselectCustom,youcanusetheSpacebuttontofindouthowmuchdisk spaceisrequiredforeachcomponentoftheinstallation.ClickHelpfora descriptionofwhateachtypeoficoninthelistmeans.
(Optional)OntheDestinationFolderpage(fortypicalsetups)ortheCustomSetup page(forcustomsetups),ifyoudonotwantWorkstationinstalledinthedirectory thatisshown,clickChangeandspecifyadifferentdirectory. Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou. You cannotinstallWorkstationonanetworkdrive.
Followtherestofthewizardprompts.
Someinstallationsmightrequirethatyourebootyourcomputer.Whenyourestart,you donotneedtologinasauserwithAdministratorprivileges.
Install Workstation Silently

IfyouareinstallingWorkstationonseveralWindowshostcomputersanddonotwant torespondtowizardprompts,youcanusethesilentinstallationfeatureofthe MicrosoftWindowsInstaller.Thisfeatureisconvenient,forexample,inalarge enterprise. Beforeyoubegin,ensurethatthehostcomputerhasversion2.0orhigheroftheMSI runtimeengine.ThisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsofWindows beginningwithWindowsXPandisavailableseparatelyfromMicrosoft.Foradditional detailsonusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoftWebsite. To install Workstation silently 1 Openacommandpromptandenterthefollowingcommandtosilentlyextractthe administrativeinstallationimagefromtheVMwareWorkstationinstaller:
setup.exe /s /e <install_temp_path>
setup.exeisthenameoftheinstallerontheinstallationmedia.Ifyouareusinga downloadedinstaller,thefilenameissimilarto VMwareWorkstation-<xxxx>.exe,where<xxxx>isaseriesofnumbers representingtheversionandbuildnumbers.
42
VMware, Inc.
<install_temp_path>isthefullpathtothefolderwhereyouwanttostorethe administrativeinstallationimage. 2 Enterthefollowingcommandononelinetorunasilentinstallationusingmsiexec andtheadministrativeinstallationimageyouextractedinthepreviousstep:

msiexec -i "<install_temp_path>\VMware Workstation.msi" [INSTALLDIR="<path_to_program_directory>"] ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<feature_name,feature_name>] /qn
ToinstallWorkstationinalocationotherthanthedefault,changethepaththat followsINSTALLDIR=tospecifythelocation. UsetheoptionalREMOVE=<property>toskipinstallationofcertainfeatures. The REMOVE=<property>settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedin Table 21. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Property
Value Authd Network Description VMwareauthorizationservice,whichisusedtoperformtaskswhenyouare notrunningWorkstationasanAdministratoruser. Networkingcomponents,includingthevirtualbridgeandthehostadapters forhostonlynetworkingandNATnetworking.Donotremovethis componentifyouwanttouseNATorDHCP. VirtualDHCPserver. VirtualNATdevice.
DHCP NAT
Ifyouspecifymorethanonevalue,useacommatoseparatethevalues. For example,REMOVE=Authd,NAT. IfyouspecifyREMOVE=Network,theinstallerskipsinstallationofcertain networkingcomponents,includingNATandDHCP.Youdonotneedtospecify DHCPorNATseparately. Youcancustomizetheinstallationfurtherbyusingtheformat <property>="<value>"toaddanyoftheinstallationpropertieslistedin Table 22tothecommand.Avalueof1meanstrue.Avalueof0meansfalse.Ifyou usetheserialnumberproperty,entertheserialnumberwithhyphens (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).
VMware, Inc.
43
Table 2-2. Property Values

Property DESKTOP_SHORTCUT DISABLE_AUTORUN REMOVE_LICENSE SERIALNUMBER Effect of the Property Installsashortcutonthedesktop. DisablesCDAutorunonthehost. (Uninstallonly)Removesallstoredlicensesat uninstall. Enterstheserialnumber. Default Value 1 1 0
Uninstall Workstation from a Windows Host

UsetheWindowsControlPaneltouninstallWorkstation.Workstationlicenses, preferencesettings,andvirtualmachinesarenotremoved,butvirtualnetworksettings areremoved. To uninstall Workstation from a Windows host Dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,gotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs >Programs and Features>UninstallaprogramanduninstallVMware Workstation. OnotherWindowshosts,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsiteminthecontrolpanel andremoveVMwareWorkstation.
Install Workstation on a Linux Host

Beforeyoubegin,readthefollowingnotesandmakeadjustmentstoyourhostsystem:

MakesureyouhavetheitemslistedinInstallationPrerequisitesonpage 39. TherealtimeclockfunctionmustbecompiledintoyourLinuxkernel. WorkstationforLinuxrequiresthattheparallelportPCstylehardwareoption (CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule(thatis,itmust besettomwhenthekerneliscompiled). TousetheWorkstationHelpsystem,youmusthaveaWebbrowserinstalledon thehostcomputer.
Theinstallationtopicdescribesaninstallationfromtheinstallationmediaincludedin theWorkstationmediakit.Ifyoudownloadedthesoftware,thestepsarethesame exceptthatyoustartfromthedirectorywhereyousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile, notfromtheLinuxdirectoryontheinstallationmedia.
44
VMware, Inc.
Thebundleinstallerletsyouinstalltheproductinonestep.IftheGUIbasedinstaller fails,runtheinstallerfilewiththe--consoleoptioninyourterminal. NOTEOnRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1hostsandpossiblysomeotherLinux distributions,thebundlebasedinstallerlaunchesacommandlinewizardratherthan aGUIwizard. VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundleisthenameofthe installerfile.Inthename,<xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersthatrepresenttheversion andbuildnumbers,and<architecture>isi386or.x86_64. To install Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 LogintoyourLinuxhostwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunning Workstation. Inaterminalwindow,becomeroottoperformtheinitialinstallationsteps: suorsudo ThecommandyouusedependsonyourLinuxdistributionandconfiguration. 3 4 Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmediainsteadofadownloadedfile, mounttheWorkstationinstallationmedia. Changedirectoriestothedirectorywheretheinstallerfileislocatedandrunthe installationfile:
sh VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundle
IfyouareusingtheWorkstationinstallationmedia,thisfileisintheLinux directory. 5 6 AccepttheEULAtocontinue. (Optional)Ifyouareusingthe--consoleoptionorrunningahostthatdoesnot supporttheGUIinstallationdooneofthefollowing:
ToscrollthroughtheVIXEULA,pressspacebarandattheendofEULAthe Doyouagree?[yes/no]promptappears. ToexittheEULApressqandtheDoyouagree?[yes/no]promptappears.
7 8 9
(Optional)EnterthedirectorypathtotheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse ifEclipseisinstalled. ConfirmwhetheryouwanttoinstalltheEclipseC/C++debuggingplugin. OnsomeLinuxdistributions,iftheinstallerdetectsinsufficientfiledescriptorsyou canupdatethehardlimitforopenfilesontheinstallerpage.

45
VMware, Inc.
Ifthehardlimitforopenfilesis1024orless,thevirtualmachinemayfailifalarge numberofsnapshotsareused. 10 ClickInstall. SeeStartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 54.
Using Command-Line Installation Options

YoucanalsousecommandlineinstallationoptionstoinstallWorkstationonaLinux host.Tousetheoptions,youmustbeloggedinasroot.Afterfinishingtheinstallation process,exitfromtherootaccount. Thecommoncommandlineinstallationoptionsarethefollowing:

--gtkOpenstheGUIbasedVMwareinstaller,whichisthedefaultoption. --consoleAllowsyoutousetheterminalforinstallation. --customShowsalltheinstallationquestions.Youcancustomizetheinstallation directories,setorresettheEclipsedirectoriesandhardlimitforthenumberof openfiledescriptors. --regularShowsinstallationquestionsthathavenotbeenansweredbeforeor arerequired.Thisisthedefaultoption. --requiredShowsonlytheEULA,thenproceedstoinstallWorkstation. --ignore-errors or -I Allowstheinstallationtocontinueevenifthereisan errorinoneoftheinstallerscripts.However,thesectionthathasanerrordoesnot complete,sothecomponentmaynotbeproperlyconfigured.
Uninstall Workstation from a Linux Host

WhenyouuninstallWorkstation7.0,productlicenses,preferencesettings,andvirtual machinesarenotremoved.Aconfirmationappearstocheckwhethertoremoveor preserveyourconfigurations. To uninstall Workstation from a Linux host
Ifyouusedthebundleinstaller,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-installer -u vmware-workstation
EnterYesorNotoconfirmwhetheryouwanttopreserveorremoveyour configurationfiles.
IfyouusedtheRPMinstallertoinstallWorkstation4,5.x,and6.x,enterthe followingcommands:
46
VMware, Inc.
rpm -qa | grep VM
TheVMwareWorkstationproductinstallernameappears. rpm -e <VMware_Workstation_ product_ installer_name>
Preparing for an Upgrade

WhenyouinstallanewversionofWorkstation,thepreviousversionisuninstalledbut thepreferencesyouset,licensefiles,andvirtualmachinesarenotremoved.Virtual machinescreatedwithanearlierversionofWorkstationarenotdeleted,however VMwarerecommendsthatyoumakebackupcopiesinpreparationfortheupgrade. VMwarerecommendsthatyoucompletethefollowingtasksbeforeupgrading:
MakesureallvirtualmachinesareWorkstation4,5.x,or6.xvirtualmachines. DirectupgradesfromaWorkstation2or3virtualmachinearenotsupportedin Workstation6.xand7.0. IfavirtualmachinewascreatedwithaversionofWorkstationearlierthan Workstation5.5andithasasnapshot,deletethesnapshotbeforeupgrading. See DeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 207. ForupgradesfromWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x,ifyoubridged(mapped)virtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters,writedownthesettingsyouused. AlthoughWorkstation7.0generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservebridgesettingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x.
Ifanyvirtualmachinesaresuspended,resumethem,shutdowntheguest operatingsystems,andpowerthemoff. Ifanyvirtualmachinesarerunninginthebackground,starttheminWorkstation andpowerthemoff.SeeStartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunninginthe Backgroundonpage 146. Backupthevirtualmachinesbymakingbackupcopiesofallthefilesinthevirtual machinedirectories. Thisincludes.vmdkor.dskfiles,.vmxor.cfgfiles,and.nvram files.Depending onyourupgradepath,youmightnotbeabletorunyourvirtualmachinesunder bothWorkstation7.0andyourpreviousversionofWorkstation.
Poweroffallrunningvirtualmachines.
YoucannowuseoneofthefollowingplatformspecifictaskstoinstallWorkstation:
UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 48
VMware, Inc.
47
UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 50
Upgrade Workstation on a Windows Host

YoucanupgradefromWorkstationversion4,5.x,or6.xtoWorkstation7.0byrunning theVMwareWorkstation7.0installationprogram. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation7.0serialnumber.Also performthetasksdescribedinPreparingforanUpgradeonpage 47. ToupgradeWorkstationandupgradethehostoperatingsystemtoWindowsVistaand Windows7,seeUpgradingtoaWindowsVistaandWindows7Hostonpage 49. To upgrade Workstation on a Windows host 1 2 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup. LaunchtheWorkstation7.0installerfromyourdownloaddirectoryorCD/DVD drive. Workstationautomaticallyuninstallsthepreviousversionbutsavesallthe networksettingsexceptforbridgedsettingsusedtomapindividualvirtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters. 3 Rebootyourcomputerifyouarepromptedtodoso,andloginagainasthe AdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindowsAdministrators group. Followtheinstallationwizardpromptstocompletetheinstallation. Rebootyourcomputerifyouarepromptedtodoso. Youcannowloginasyounormallydo.Youdonotneedtologinasan AdministratornowthatWorkstationisinstalled. 6 Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation7.0generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x. TouseWorkstation7.0toupgradevirtualmachines,seeChangetheVersionofa VirtualMachineonpage 93.
4 5
48
VMware, Inc.
Upgrading to a Windows Vista and Windows 7 Host

Thistopicprovidesinstructionsforvariousupgradescenariosthatinvolve Windows VistaandWindows7. DuringtheupgradefromWindowsXPtoWindowsVistaorWindows7,thelocation ofvirtualmachinesmightchange.TheWindowsVistaandWindows7upgradeusethe registrytomapthevirtualmachinestoanewlocationbyusingthefollowingpaths:
OnWindowsXP,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationbeforetheupgradeis: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Virtual Machines. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationafterthe upgradeis:C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>.
Aftertheupgradeiscomplete,iftheFavoriteslistinWorkstationdoesnotwork correctly,youcanremovethevirtualmachinesfromitandaddthemagain.
Upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows XP to Workstation 7.0 on Windows Vista or Windows 7

Aspartoftheupgrade,youmustuninstalltheWorkstation5.xapplication,however theWorkstation5.xvirtualmachinesarenotdeleted. To upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows XP to Workstation 7.0 on Windows Vista or Windows 7 1 2 3 4 OntheWindowsXPhost,usetheControlPanelsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemto uninstallWorkstation5.x. UpgradetheoperatingsystemtoWindowsVistaorWindows7,asdescribedinthe Microsoftdocumentation. InstallWorkstation7.0. (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.0. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
Upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows Vista to Workstation 7.0 on Windows Vista

BecauseWorkstation5.xwasonlyexperimentallysupportedonWindowsVista, VMwarerecommendsmanuallyuninstallingWorkstation5.xbeforeinstalling Workstation7.0.
VMware, Inc.
49
Aspartoftheupgrade,youmustuninstalltheWorkstation5.xapplication,however theWorkstation5.xvirtualmachinesarenotdeleted. ToupgradeWorkstation5.xonWindowsVistatoWorkstation7.0onWindows Vista 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs>Programs and Features>Uninstalla program. SelectVMwareWorkstationandclickUninstall. InstallWorkstation7.0. SeeInstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 41. 4 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.0. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
Upgrade Workstation 6.x on Windows XP to Workstation 7.0 on Windows Vista or Windows 7

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveWindowsXPwithServicePack2. To upgrade Workstation 6.x from Windows XP to Windows Vista or Windows 7 1 2 3 4 5 LoginastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. MakesurethatWorkstationisnotrunningandthatnovirtualmachinesare runninginthebackground. UpgradethehostoperatingsystemtoWindowsVistaandWindows7,as describedintheMicrosoftdocumentation. RuntheWorkstation7.0installer. (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.0. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
Upgrade Workstation on a Linux Host

YoucanupgradefromWorkstationversion4,5.x,or6.xtoversion7.0byrunningthe VMwareWorkstation7.0installationprogram. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowing:
50
VMware, Inc.
MakesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation7.0serialnumber.Youarepromptedto enterthe serialnumberafterinstallationiscomplete,thefirsttimeyoustart Workstationaftertheupgrade.AlsoperformthetasksdescribedinPreparingfor anUpgradeonpage 47. IfyourpreviousinstallationwasfromanRPMinstallerandyouwanttoinstall Workstation7.0,manuallyuninstallthepreviousversionofWorkstation.To manuallyuninstallWorkstation,seeUninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHoston page 46.
IfyoucurrentlyhaveWorkstation4,5.x,or6.xinstalledonyoursystem,theolder versionwillbeuninstalledautomaticallybeforethelatestversionofWorkstationis installed.Workstation7.0savesnetworksettingsexceptforbridgedsettingsusedto mapindividualvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters. NOTEStartingwithWorkstation5.x,Sambaisnolongerautomaticallyconfigured duringinstallation. To upgrade Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 RuntheWorkstationbundleinstallerasyouwouldforanewinstallation. Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation7.0generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x. 3 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.0. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
VMware, Inc.
51
52
VMware, Inc.
Learning Workstation Basics
ThischapterdiscusseslaunchingtheWorkstationprogramandintroducestheVMware Workstationwindow.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

StartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 53 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 54 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindowonpage 54 CheckforProductUpdatesonpage 65 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineandInstallanOperatingSystemonpage 65 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferencesonpage 66 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettingsonpage 68 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 70 KeyboardShortcutsonpage 71 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupportonpage 74
Start Workstation on a Windows Host

Dependingontheoptionsyouselectedduringinstallation,youmighthaveadesktop shortcut,aStartmenuitem,aquicklaunchshortcut,orsomecombinationofthesefor launchingWorkstation. To start Workstation on a Windows host 1 2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseStart>Programs>VMware>VMwareWorkstation. IfthisisthefirsttimeyouarelaunchingWorkstation,readandaccepttheenduser licenseagreement(EULA).
VMware, Inc.
53
Start Workstation on a Linux Host

WhetheryoucanstartWorkstationfromaLinuxuserinterfacedependsontheLinux distribution.Forexample,onRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1,theVMwareWorkstation menuitemisintheApplications>SystemToolsmenu. YoucanalwaysstartWorkstationfromthecommandline.Althoughyoumustbecome roottoinstallWorkstation,youdonothavetoberoottostartandrunWorkstation. To start Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Dooneofthefollowing:
If/usr/binisinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware &
If/usr/binisnotinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware &
Readandaccepttheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA).
Overview of the Workstation Window

AWorkstationvirtualmachineislikeaseparatecomputerthatrunsinawindowon yourphysicalcomputer.However,Workstationdisplaysmorethanthescreenof anothercomputer.FromtheWorkstationwindow,youcanaccessandrunvirtual machinesandteamsofvirtualmachines.Youcanalsoswitcheasilyfromonevirtual machinetoanother.
54
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 3 Learning Workstation Basics
Figure 3-1. VMware Workstation Window

menus toolbar tabs
,
sidebar
home page, summary, or console view
status bar
message log
TheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsthefollowingsections:
Homepage,summary,console,orapplianceviewMainpartofthewindowthat showsthevirtualmachines. TabsEachopenvirtualmachinehasatab.Clickatabtomakethatvirtual machineactive.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethetab.Dependingonhowyou configureWorkstation,thevirtualmachineistheneitherpoweredofforcontinues toruninthebackground. SidebarBookmarkyourfavoritevirtualmachinesandteamsofvirtualmachines forquickaccess.Youcanalsoseewhichvirtualmachinesarepoweredon. Rightclickcontextmenusenableyoutoperformmanyoperationsonaselected virtualmachine.AnadditionalsectionofthesidebardisplaysACEManagement Servers. StatusbarDisplaysWorkstationmessagesandaniconforeachremovable device.Youcanclickorrightclickanicontodisconnectitoredititsconfiguration. MessagelogAnoteiconindicateswhetheranyunreadmessagesarepresentin themessagelogfortheselectedvirtualmachine.Iftheiconisdimmed,all messageswereread.Toopenthemessagelog,rightclicktheiconandchoose OpenMessageLog.Alternatively,fromthemenubar,chooseVM>MessageLog. Messagesincludewarninginformationaboutthevirtualmachine,suchasCould notconnecttothefloppydrive.orNobootabledevicewasdetected.Selectan iteminthemessagelogtoseeadetaileddescriptionofthemessage.
VMware, Inc.
55
Home Page and Views

Workstationdisplaysoneoffourviewsinthemainpartofthewindow:thehomepage, thesummaryview,theconsoleview,ortheapplianceview.
Home Page
ClicktheHometabtodisplaytheWorkstationhomepage.Usetheiconsonthehome pagetostartcreatinganewvirtualmachineoropenanexistingvirtualmachine. Toclosethehomepage,clicktheXtotherightofthetabsonaWindowshostortheX onthetabonaLinuxhost.Todisplaythehomepageagain,chooseView>GotoHome Tab.
Summary View
Whenyouselectatabforapoweredoffvirtualmachineorteamofmachines, Workstationdisplaysonlyasummaryoftheconfigurationinformationaboutthatitem. Workstationalsodisplaysasummaryforasuspendedvirtualmachineorteam.Click theSummarybuttoninthetoolbaratanytimetoexaminesettingsinthesummary view. Summaryviewsappearonlyforvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlyopen.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 145.Thesummaryorconsoleviewremainsvisibleaslong asthevirtualmachineremainsopen. Figure 32showsanexampleofthesummaryview.
56
VMware, Inc.
Figure 3-2. Summary View for a Virtual Machine on a Windows Host

Summary View button
TheCommandssectiongivesyouaccesstothemostoftenusedcommandsfromthe VMmenu.OnWindowshosts,forACEenabledvirtualmachines,thisincludes commandsforcreatingsecuritypoliciesandvirtualmachinepackagestodeploytoend users,aswellasacommandforpreviewingtheACEenabledvirtualmachinein VMwarePlayer. ThesectionthatincludestheDevices,Options,and(sometimes)ACEandPackages tabsenablesyoutoreviewconfigurationsettingsquickly.Doubleclickanitemonthe tabtodisplaytheitemsconfigurationpanelandchangeasetting.
Console View
Theconsoleviewforanactivevirtualmachineislikethemonitordisplayofaphysical computer.
VMware, Inc.
57
Figure 3-3. Console View on a Windows Host

Console View button
Whenavirtualmachineisactive,thenameofthevirtualmachineorteamof virtual machinesappearsinatabatthetopoftheconsole.Toswitchfromtheactive virtualmachineorteam,clickthetabofanothervirtualmachineorteam.Youcanuse theconsoletabsinthewindowmodeandalsointhequickswitchmode.
Appliance View
Ifyousetupthevirtualmachinetoactasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedconsole,youcanspecifythatthedefaultviewisanapplianceview. The applianceviewgivesabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance.Italso providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole. Theapplianceviewisavailableonlyforvirtualmachinesthatyoudesignateas appliances.SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 178.
Displaying Multiple Virtual Machines at the Same Time

Tosimultaneouslyviewmorethanonevirtualmachinewhentheyarenotallonthe sameteam,openmultipleWorkstationwindowsandlaunchoneormorevirtual machinesineachWorkstationwindow.
58
VMware, Inc.
Useateamofvirtualmachinestocoordinateandusemultiplevirtualmachineswithin asingleconsolewindow.SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheir VirtualMachinesonpage 271.
Toolbar Buttons
ThetoolbarareaatthetopoftheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsbuttonsyou canclicktopowervirtualmachinesonandoff,changetheWorkstationdisplay,manage snapshots,andrecordvirtualmachineactivity. Figure 3-4. Workstation Toolbars
Power toolbar
Snapshot toolbar
Replay toolbar
View toolbar
Figure 3-5. ACE Toolbar (Windows Hosts Only)
ACE toolbar
Ifyoupointtoatoolbarbutton,atooltipappearsanddisplaysthenameofthebutton. Tochangewhichbuttonsappear,seeCustomizetheToolbaronaWindowsHoston page 61andCustomizetheToolbaronaLinuxHostonpage 61. ThePowertoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
PowerOffTurnsofftheactivevirtualmachineorteamlikethepowerbuttonon aphysicalPC.YoucanconfigureWorkstationforasoftpoweroff(calledshut down)orahardpoweroff(calledpoweroff).SeeShutDownaVirtualMachine onpage 148orPowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 270. SuspendStopsavirtualmachineorteaminamannerthatallowsyoutoresume yourworklater.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 197. PowerOnorResumePowersonaselectedvirtualmachineorteamthatis poweredoff,orresumesavirtualmachineorteamthatissuspended.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 145,PowerOnaTeamonpage 274,andUsingthe SuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 197. ResetResetsavirtualmachineorteamliketheresetbuttononaphysicalPC. See ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149.
TheSnapshottoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
VMware, Inc. 59
TakeSnapshotEnablesyoutosavethestateofavirtualmachineinthesame manneryoumightsaveawordprocessingdocument.Youcanreturntothatstate ifyoumakeamistakebyusingtheRevertbutton.SeeUsingSnapshotson page 199. RevertAllowsyoutoreturnavirtualmachinetotheparentstate,astate previouslypreservedbytakingasnapshot.SeeUsingSnapshotsonpage 199. ManageSnapshotsOpensthesnapshotmanager,whereyoucanviewthevirtual machinesexistingsnapshots,reverttoasnapshot,takeanewsnapshot,andmake aclonefromasnapshot.SeeSnapshotManagerOverviewonpage 203.
TheViewtoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
ShoworHideSidebarTogglesbetweenshowingandhidingthesidebar. See ViewtheSidebaronpage 62. QuickSwitchEnlargestheWorkstationconsoletocovertheentirehostmonitor. Consoletabsenableyoutoswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesandteamswitha singleclick.SeeUseQuickSwitchModeonpage 161. FullScreenEnlargesthevirtualmachinedisplaytocovertheentirehostmonitor. Thevirtualmachinenolongerappearsinawindow.SeeUseFullScreenMode onpage 159. UnityIntegratesyourfavoriteguestapplicationswithyourhostsdesktopsothat guestapplicationwindowslookjustlikehostapplicationwindows,butwith colorcodedborders.SeeUsingUnityModeonpage 156. SummaryViewDisplaysthesummaryview.SeeSummaryViewonpage 56. ApplianceViewDisplaystheapplianceview.SeeApplianceViewonpage 58. ConsoleViewDisplaystheconsoleview.SeeConsoleViewonpage 57.
TheReplaytoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:

ReplayLastRecordingPlaysthelastrecordingmadeforthisvirtualmachine. RecordBeginsrecordingtheactivityofthisvirtualmachine. Forinformationabouttherecord/replayfeature,seeChapter 12,Recordingand ReplayingVirtualMachineActivity,onpage 253.
TheACEtoolbar,whichisavailableonWindowshostsonly,containsthefollowing buttons:

EditPoliciesOpensthepolicyeditor. EditDeploymentSettingsOpensthedeploymentsettingseditor.
60
VMware, Inc.
CreateNewPackageOpenstheNewPackagewizard. CreatePocketACEPackageOpensthePocketACEPackagewizard. PreviewinPlayerAllowsyoutorunanACEinstanceasitwillrunontheusers machine.Usingpreviewmodealsoallowsyoutoviewtheeffectsofchanged policiesastheywillappearontheusersmachine.
SeeChapter 18,LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE,onpage 377.
Customize the Toolbar on a Linux Host

YoucancustomizetheWorkstationtoolbarbyadding,removing,andrearranging toolbarbuttons.OnaLinuxhost,allthebuttonsarecontainedinasingletoolbar. To customize the toolbar on a Linux host 1 2 RightclickthefarrightsideofthetoolbartodisplayaToolbarmenu. ClickPower,Snapshot,View,orReplaytoaddorremovethattoolbar. Whenatoolbarnameischecked,thecorrespondingbuttonsappearinthe interface. 3 IntheDesktopStylepartofthemenu,choosethedisplaystylefortoolbarbuttons.
Customize the Toolbar on a Windows Host

YoucancustomizetheWorkstationtoolbarbyadding,removing,andrearranging toolbarbuttons. To customize the toolbar on a Windows host 1 2 RightclickanypartofthetoolbartodisplayaToolbarmenu. ClickPower,Snapshot,ACE,View,orReplaytoaddorremovethattoolbar. Whenatoolbarischecked,itappearsintheinterface. Tochangewhichbuttonsappearinatoolbarortheorderinwhichtheyappear, displaythattoolbarandcontinuewiththefollowingsteps. 3 RightclickthePower,Snapshot,ACE,View,orReplaytoolbartoopenthe CustomizeToolbardialogbox. ButtonslistedunderCurrentToolbarButtonsappearinthetoolbar,intheorder shownintheCustomizeToolbarsdialogbox. 4 Doanyofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
61
Toaddorremoveabuttonfromthetoolbar,selectthebuttonandclickAddor Remove.Addaseparatortodisplayaverticallinebetweenthebuttons. Tochangetheorderofthebuttons,selectanybuttonunderCurrentToolbar ButtonsandclickMoveUporMoveDown. Tochangetheorderofthecurrentlydisplayedbuttonswithoutopeningthe CustomizeToolbarwindow,holddowntheShiftkeywhileyoudragabutton toadifferentlocationinthetoolbar. Torestorethedefaultsetup,withallbuttonsdisplayed,clickReset.
ClickClose.
View the Sidebar

Thesidebarcontainsalistoffavoritesandshowswhichvirtualmachinesorteamsof virtualmachinesarecurrentlypoweredon.OnWindowshosts,anadditionalsection ofthesidebardisplaysACEManagementServers.Formoreinformation,seethe VMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsManual. To view the Sidebar ChooseView>Sidebar. Ifthesidebarwashidden,itbecomesvisible.Ifitwasvisible,itishidden.
Favorites List in the Sidebar

TheFavoriteslistletsyouorganizeandaccessfrequentlyuseditems. TheFavoriteslistprovidesthefollowingbenefits:
FastaccessQuicklyaccessfrequentlyuseditems.Withyourvirtualmachines andteamsontheFavoriteslist,youcanopenthemwithoutbrowsingthehostfile system.Alsolikebrowserbookmarks,Favoriteslisticonscanbeorganizedin folders,added,rearranged,ordeleted. StatusDifferenticonsindicatethestatusofvirtualmachinesandteams.A Favoriteslisticonindicateswhethertheteamorvirtualmachineispoweredoff, poweredon,orsuspended.Abrown(ratherthanblue)virtualmachineicon indicatesthatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4virtualmachine.
62
VMware, Inc.
Table 3-1.
PoweredoffWorkstation5.xor6.xvirtualmachineorfullclone.To determinetheexactversion,usethesummaryviewsVersionfield. Poweredoffvirtualmachinecreatedasalinkedcloneofanothervirtual machine. Poweredoffteamofvirtualmachines.
PoweredoffWorkstation4virtualmachine.
Poweredonindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
Suspendedindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
Unavailableindicatorcanappearifavirtualmachineorteamgetscorrupted ormovedfromthelocationthatwasusedtocreatethefavoritesitem.The indicatoralsoappearsifthevirtualmachineisalreadyopeninVMware Playerorisopenedbyanotheruser.
RightclickcommandsRightclickonaFavoritesicontodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.Youcanclickelsewhere intheFavoriteslist(thatis,notonavirtualmachineorteam)todisplayacontext menufromwhichyoucanchoosetocreateanewvirtualmachine,team,orfolder. Youcanalsoopenanexistingvirtualmachine,team,MicrosoftVirtualPCor VirtualServervirtualmachine,StorageCraft,orSymantecBackupExecSystem Recoverysystemimage.
Use Folders for Organizing Favorites

Youcanorganizefavoritesintofoldersandnestfoldersinsideotherfolders. To use folders for organizing favorites 1 2 3 RightclickFavorites(oranyitemintheFavoriteslist),andchooseNewFolder. CompletetheNewFolderdialogboxthatappears. (Optional)Draganddropfolderstoplaceoneinsideanother.
VMware, Inc.
63
DraganddropFavoritesitemsinthedesiredfolder.
Add Virtual Machines and Teams to the Favorites List

VirtualmachinesandteamsareautomaticallyaddedtotheFavoriteslistwhenyou completetheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanalsoaddthemmanually. To add virtual machines and teams to the Favorites list 1 2 3 ChooseFile>Openandbrowsetothelocationofthevirtualmachine(.vmx file) orteam(.vmtm file). ClickOpen. ChooseFile>AddtoFavorites.
Remove an Item from the Favorites List

YoucanremovethenameofavirtualmachineorteamfromtheFavoriteslist regardlessofwhetherthevirtualmachineorteamisopenorpoweredon.Removing thenamedoesnotaffectthevirtualmachinesfilesoroperation. To remove an item from the Favorites list 1 2 ClickanameintheFavoriteslisttoselectit. ChooseFile>RemovefromFavorites.
Rename an Item in the Favorites List

RenaminganitemintheFavoriteslistalsorenamesthevirtualmachineorteam. To rename a Favorite list entry for a virtual machine or a team 1 2 3 RightclicktheFavoritesitemtorename. ChooseRenamefromthecontextmenu. TypethenewnamefortheitemandpressEnter.
Powered On List
Thislistinthesidebarenablesyoutofindoutwhichvirtualmachinesorteamsare currentlypoweredon.RightclickitemsinthePoweredOnlisttodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.
64
VMware, Inc.
Check for Product Updates

Workstationautomaticallychecksforproductupdateseverythreedays.Ifanupdate checkfailsontwoconsecutiveattempts,youreceiveanotification. NOTECheckingforproductupdatesworksonlyifthehostcomputerisconnectedto theInternet. To check for product updates 1 2 3 (Optional)Tocheckforupdatesimmediately,chooseHelp>CheckforUpdateson theWeb. ToconfigureWorkstationtoperiodicallycheckforupdates,chooseEdit> Preferences>Updates. IntheSoftwareupdatessection,selectCheckfornewversionofVMware WorkstationonstartupandclickOK.
Quickly Create a Virtual Machine and Install an Operating System

Theinstructionsinthissectiongetyoustartedquicklywithcreatingavirtualmachine andinstallingaguestoperatingsystem.Afteryoucreateavirtualmachine,youwill findtheinformationintherestofthischaptereasiertounderstand. TheinstructionstellyoutoacceptthedefaultsettingssothatyoucancompletetheNew VirtualMachinewizardquickly.ThepurposeistolearnaboutWorkstation.Later, whenyouwanttocreatevirtualmachinesthatyouactuallyuseinyourworkor productionenvironment,youcanlearnaboutalltheoptionsavailable.This informationisprovidedinChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine,on page 79. Forsimplicity,useaWindowsinstallationCDorISOimagefilefortheoperating systemyouinstallinthevirtualmachine.MostWindowsoperatingsystemsfitonone CD,whereasLinuxrequiresmultipleCDs.IfyouwanttouseaLinuxguestoperating system,useinstallationmediaforoneofthenewerversionsofRedHat,SUSELinux, orUbuntu.Theeasyinstallfeatureissupportedfortheseoperatingsystems. To quickly create a virtual machine 1 2 TouseaninstallationCDorDVDfortheoperatingsystem,ratherthananISO imagefile,inserttheCDorDVDinthehostCDROMdrive. StartVMwareWorkstation.
VMware, Inc.
65
Forinstructions,seeStartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 53orStart WorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 54. 3 4 5 6 ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. OntheWelcomepage,selectTypicalandclickNext. OntheGuestOperatingsystemInstallationpage,selectInstallerdiscorInstaller discimagefile,asappropriate,andclickNext. CompletethefieldsontheEasyInstallInformationpage. Specifyingapasswordisoptional.OnWindows,thepasswordyouenterhereis usedforanaccountwithAdministratorpermissions.OnWindows2000,the passwordisusedfortheAdministratoraccount. 7 Acceptthedefaultsontherestofthewizardpages. ThevirtualmachineiscreatedanditsnameisaddedtotheFavoriteslist. Theconsoleviewforthevirtualmachineappears.Soonthebootdevice(suchasthe CDROM)isdetectedandinstallationoftheoperatingsystembegins. OnWindows2000guests,ifyouenteredapasswordwhencompletingtheNewVirtual Machinewizard,thenwhentheoperatingsystemstartsup,itmightpromptyouto enteranAdministratorpassword.Usethepasswordthatyoucreatedwhencompleting theNewVirtualMachinewizard. Afterinstallationisfinished,VMwareToolsisautomaticallyinstalled. Nowthatyouhaveavirtualmachinewithaguestoperatingsysteminstalled,youcan refertoitasyoureadtherestofthetopicsinthischapter.
Introduction to Workstation Preferences

ThePreferencesdialogboxappearswhenyouchooseEdit>Preferences.Itletsyou changeanumberofsettingsthatapplytoWorkstationitself,nomatterwhichvirtual machineyouarerunning. ThedefaultsettingsforWorkstationpreferencesarecorrectformostcases.Donot changesettingsunlessyouareanexperienceduser. NOTEOnaLinuxhost,youmustbeloggedinasroottosaveglobalpreference changes. FollowingisalistofthetabsinthePreferencesdialogbox,alongwithcrossreferences tothesectionsofthismanualthatpertaintoeachtab:
66
VMware, Inc.
WorkspacetabLetsyouconfigurethefollowingsettings:
LocationsectionLetsyouchangethedirectoryinwhichnewlycreated virtualmachinesarestored.SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 83and FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 95. VirtualMachinessectionSeveraloftheseoptionshavetodowithexiting Workstationwhileleavingsomevirtualmachinespoweredon.SeeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 70.Forinformationabout enablingsharedfolders,seeSetUpSharedFoldersonpage 186. SoftwareUpdatessectionSeeCheckforProductUpdatesonpage 65.
InputtabLetsyouadjustthewaythevirtualmachinecapturescontrolof keyboardandmouse.Forexample,bydefaultthevirtualmachinegrabskeyboard andmouseinputwhenyouclickinthevirtualmachinewindow. HotKeystabLetsyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkey sequencesforallyourvirtualmachines.Usehotkeycombinationstoenterand leavefullscreenmode,ungrabmouseandkeyboardinput,andsoon.See KeyboardShortcutsonpage 71. DisplaytabLetsyouadjustthemannerinwhichtheconsoleandthehostdisplay accommodateadifferentguestoperatingsystemdisplayresolution. AlsoseeFittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplayon page 166andUseFullScreenModeonpage 159.
MemorytabFordetailsonadjustingmemorysettingsinWorkstation,clickHelp onthistab.OnLinux,youmustberunningWorkstationasrootinordertochange thesesettings. PrioritytabForinformationaboutthesnapshotsettingsonthistab,seeEnable orDisableBackgroundSnapshotsonpage 202.OnLinux,youmustberunning Workstationasrootinordertochangethissetting. ForinformationabouttheprocessprioritysettingsavailableonWindowshosts, clickHelponthistab.
UpdatestabLetsyouspecifywhethertoautomaticallyupdateVMwareTools anddownloadothercomponentsonWindowsandLinuxguestsystemswhena newversionbecomesavailable.OnLinuxhosts,youmustberunningWorkstation asrootinordertochangethesesettings. VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtual machine.SeeChapter 5,InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 99.
VMware, Inc.
67
Devicestab(Windowshostsonly)Bydefault,theAutorunfeatureonthehost mentionedonthistabisdisabled.Therefore,whenyouinsertaCD/DVDdiscin theCDdrive,theAutorunfeaturemaynotbeavailable.Youcanopenthediscin thehostusingWindowsExplorer.
Inadditiontothecrossreferencesmentionedinthislist,moreinformationaboutthe settingsoneachtabisavailableintheWorkstationonlinehelp.ClickHelpinthe Preferencesdialogbox. Thesettingsonthefollowingtabsapplyonlytotheusercurrentlyloggedontothehost computer:Workspacetab,Inputtab,HotKeystab,Prioritytab,andToolstab. Thesettingsonthefollowingtabsapplynomatterwhichvirtualmachineisrunningor whichuserisloggedontothehostcomputer:Displaytab,Memorytab,andDevices tab.
Introduction to Virtual Machine Settings

Workstationconfiguresanewvirtualmachinebasedontheguestoperatingsystemyou selectintheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Afterthevirtualmachineiscreated,youcan usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortochangemanyconfigurationoptionssetbythe wizard.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditorappearswhenyouselectavirtualmachine andchooseVM>Settings. OnguestswithWindowsXPandlaterversions,ifyoumakechangestothevirtual machineconfigurationafteractivatingtheguestyoumighthavetoreactivateit.To minimizethechanges,setthefinalmemorysizeforthevirtualmachineandinstall VMwareToolsbeforeyouactivatetheguest.
Hardware Tab
UsetheHardwaretabtoadd,remove,andconfigurevirtualdevicesfortheselected virtualmachine.
68
VMware, Inc.
Figure 3-6. Virtual Machine Settings Hardware Tab
memory device
Help button
Whenyouselectaniteminthehardwarelist,theoptionsthatcorrespondtotheitem appearontherightsideofthedialogbox.Forexample,inFigure 36,memoryoptions appearbecausetheMemoryitemisselected. TopicsandchaptersrelatedtoeachofthevirtualdevicesintheHardwarelistare providedlaterinthismanual.Todisplayonlinehelpforanitemyouselectinthe Hardwarelist,clickHelp.
Options Tab
TheOptionstabletsyouadjustcharacteristicsoftheselectedvirtualmachine:
Manyoptionscontrolinteractionsbetweenthehostandtheguestoperating system,suchashowfolderscanbeshared,howfilesaretransferred,andwhat happenstoaguestoperatingsystemwhenyouexitWorkstation. SomeoptionsletyouoverridesimilarPreferencesdialogboxoptions,whichare globalpreferencessetforallvirtualmachines.Forexample,youcanusethe AdvancedoptiontooverridetheprocessprioritiessetonthePrioritytabinthe Preferencesdialogbox.
VMware, Inc.
69
Someoptionsletyouchangesettingsyoumightinitiallymakewhenrunningthe NewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Forexample,youcanuse theGeneraloptionstochangethenameofthevirtualmachine.
Figure 3-7. Virtual Machine Settings Options Tab
General options
ThesettingsforthevirtualmachineOptionstabarediscussedlaterinthismanual,in thetaskspecifictopicsandprocedureswhereyouwouldusethem.Todisplayonline helpforanitemyouselectintheOptionslist,clickHelp.
Closing Virtual Machines and Exiting Workstation

Whenyoucloseavirtualmachineorteam,andwhenyouexitWorkstation,ifany virtualmachinesarestillpoweredon,youarepromptedtospecifyoneofthefollowing actionstotake:
Continuerunningthevirtualmachineinthebackground.Ifavirtualmachine continuesrunningafteryouexitWorkstation,youcanstillinteractwithitthrough virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)orsomeotherservice. Suspendthevirtualmachine.Thesuspendoperationsavesthestateofthevirtual machine.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 197.
70
VMware, Inc.
Powerthevirtualmachineoff.Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroperationtodoasoft poweroff,aVMwareToolsscriptrunsinordertocleanlyshutdowntheguest operatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffandReset OptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149.
ToavoidreceivingaprompteverytimeyouexitWorkstationorcloseavirtualmachine orteam,setapreferenceforvirtualmachinestoalwaysruninthebackgroundwhen youexit.
Set a Virtual Machine to Run in the Background

Youcansetavirtualmachinethatispoweredontocontinuerunninginthebackground whenyoucloseavirtualmachineorteamtab,orwhenyouexitWorkstation.Youcan stillinteractwithitthroughVNCoranotherservice. Bydefault,whenvirtualmachinesruninthebackground,astatusiconappearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.Pointtotheicontodisplayaatooltipthatshowsthe numberofvirtualmachinesandteamsthatarerunninginthebackground.Theseare thevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhoisloggedin. To set a virtual machine to run in the background Dooneofthefollowing:
ClickRuninBackgroundatthepromptwhenyouclosethevirtualmachineorexit Workstation. SetaWorkstationpreference: a b FromtheVMwareWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,selectKeepVMsrunningafterWorkstationcloses andclickOK.
WhenyoucloseataborexitWorkstation,younolongerreceiveaprompt.
Keyboard Shortcuts
YoucanusekeyboardshortcutstointeractwithWorkstationandwithvirtual machines.MostoftheavailablekeyboardshortcutsforWorkstationarelistednextto theirassociatedcommandsinWorkstationmenus. Hotkeys,orkeyboardshortcutsforinteractionswithvirtualmachines,areshownin Table 32.Hotkeycombinationscanbeusedtodothefollowing:

VMware, Inc.
Switchbetweenvirtualmachines Enterandleavefullscreenmode
71
Ungrabinput SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(andnottothehost) Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(andnottothehost)
Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 73. IfyouchangethePreferencessettingforthehotkeycombination,substituteyournew settingforCtrl+AltasneededintheshortcutslistedinTable 32.Forexample,ifyou changethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+spacebartohaveWorkstationnotprocessacommand. Table 3-2. Hot-Key Combinations
Shortcut Ctrl+G Ctrl+Alt
Action Grabinputfromkeyboardandmouse. Releasethemousecursor.Ifthevirtualmachineisinthetypeoffull screenmodecalledexclusivemode,pressingCtrl+Altchangesthevirtual machinefromexclusivemodetowindowedmode. Shutsdownor(dependingupontheguestoperatingsystem)logsoutof theguest.Thiscommandisreceivedsolelybythevirtualmachine. Note:ForthisandallshortcutsthatincludeCtrl+Alt,changingthe hotkeycombinationchangesthesequenceyouneedtouse.Forinstance, ifyouchangethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+Inserttoendtheguestoperatingsystemsession.
Ctrl+Alt+Insert
Ctrl+Alt+Delete
Shutsdownor(dependingupontheoperatingsystem)logsoutofthe guestoperatingsystem. OnWindowshosts,ifyouarenotusingtheenhancedvirtualkeyboard feature,thiscommandisreceivedbyboththehostoperatingsystemand thevirtualmachine,evenwhenWorkstationhascontrolofinput.Youcan canceltheendingofthehostoperatingsystemssessionandreturntothe virtualmachinetologoutorshutdownorperformadministrativetasks.
Ctrl+Alt+spacebar
SendsanycommandintothevirtualmachinesothatWorkstationdoes notprocessit.HolddownCtrl+Altasyoupressandreleasethespacebar, andcontinuetoholdtheCtrl+Altkeysdownasyoupressthenextkeyin thecombination. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouseandkeyboardinput aregrabbed. OnWindowshosts,switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouse andkeyboardinputarenotgrabbed.Workstationmustbetheactive application.
Ctrl+Alt+Tab Ctrl+Tab Ctrl+Shift+Tab
72
VMware, Inc.
Table 3-2. Hot-Key Combinations (Continued)

Shortcut Ctrl+Alt+right arrow Ctrl+Alt+left arrow Action Infullscreenmode,switchtothenextpoweredonvirtualmachine. Infullscreenmode,switchtothepreviouspoweredonvirtualmachine.
Change the Hot-Key Combination

Hotkeycombinations,orshortcutkeys,arekeycombinationsyoupresstointeract withvirtualmachines.Foralistofactionsyoucaninvokebyusinghotkeys,see Table 32. Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.Forexample,youcanchangethesettingsothatallhotkeycombinations useCtrl+Shift+Alt.Thisisusefulifyouwanttopreventcertainkeycombinations(such asCtrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttothe guestoperatingsystem. Thehotkeypreferencesyousetinthepreferenceseditorapplytovirtualmachinesyou accessfromwithinWorkstation.ThesesettingsdonotaffectvirtualmachinesorACE instancesdistributedtootherusers. To change the hot-key combination 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheHotKeystab. Usethefollowinginformationtohelpyouchooseakeycombination: CustomkeycombinationsinvolveusingacombinationoftheCtrl,Shift,Alt,and Windowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeysonyour keyboard.Themodifiersforthecustomcombinationare:

DownThekeymustbepressedtousethehotkeysequence. UpThekeymustnotbepressedtousethehotkeysequence. EitherThekeycanbeupordown.Thismodifierisusefultoallowusersa varietyofkeystrokestoleavefullscreenmode.Forexample,selectingEither fortheShiftkeymeansthatbothCtrl+Alt+EnterandCtrl+Shift+Alt+Enter causeWorkstationtoleavefullscreenmode.
VMware, Inc.
73
IfyouselectEitherforallofthekeys(Ctrl,Alt,Shift,andWin)inthecustom combination,youcanusetheEsckeytoreleasethecursor. 4 (Optional)TosetahotkeypreferencefortheUnityapplicationmenu,enteryour customkeycombinationintheUnityapplicationsmenuhotkeyfield,orusethe defaultcombinationCtrl+Shift+U. ClickOK.
Gathering Information for VMware Technical Support

WhenyouneedhelpfromVMwaretechnicalsupport,VMwarerecommendsthatyou createasupportrequest.Forsomeproblems,therepresentativewillaskyoutoturnon debugging,runascripttocollectlogfiles,andsendthelogstoVMware.
Register and Create a Support Request

BeforeyoucanreportproblemstotheVMwaresupportteam,youmustregisterfora VMwareaccount. Beforeyoubegin,locatetheserialnumber.Itisontheregistrationcardinyourpackage. IfyoupurchasedWorkstationonline,theserialnumberissentbyemail. To register and create a support request 1 2 3 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseHelp>VMwareontheWeb>Register Now! FollowtheinstructionsontheWebsite. Toreportproblems,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseHelp>VMwareon theWeb>RequestSupport.
Gather Debugging Information for a Virtual Machine

Workstationprovidesseverallevelsofloggingtohelpdiagnoseandtroubleshoot varioustypesofproblems. Youcanusefulldebuggingmodetogatherthegreatestamountofdata,whichisuseful whenavirtualmachinefreezesorpowersoffunexpectedly.Youcanusestatisticsmode togatherperformancestatisticswhenvirtualmachinesrunslowly.Youcanalso increaseloggingwithoutgoingintofulldebuggingmode.AVMwaretechnicalsupport representativecantellyouwhichleveltouse. Afteryougatherdebugginginformation,youcansendthelogfilestoVMware technicalsupport.
74
VMware, Inc.
To gather debugging information for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheOptionstab,selectAdvanced. SelectfromtheGatherdebugginginformationdropdownmenuortheLog virtualmachineprogressperiodicallycheckbox,asdirectedbyVMwaretechnical support. Usingfulldebuggingmodeandloggingprogressperiodicallycauseadecreasein performance. 6 IntheFilelocationssection,notethedirectorypathtothelogfile. Toviewthecompletepath,clickinthereadonlytextboxandusetherightarrow keytoscrollthroughthepath. 7 ClickOK.
Running the Support Script

Tohelpdiagnoseaproblem,theVMwaresupportteammightaskyoutorunasupport scripttogatherinformation.Forexample,ifavirtualmachineexitsabnormallyor crashes,runthesupportscripttocollecttheappropriatelogfilesandsystem information. InWorkstation7.0,youcanrunthesupportscriptbyselectingHelp >CollectSupport Data.Youcanalsorunthescriptfromthecommandline.
Run the Support Script from the Workstation User Interface

RunthesupportscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Thesupportcollectionscriptcollectsdatafromallofthevirtualmachinesyouselect andfromyourhostmachine,andstoresallofthedatainasinglefile.OnWindows hosts,afterthescriptfinishesrunning,itcreatesa.ZIPfileofthecollecteddataand displaysthefileinanopenWindowsExplorerwindow.Thedefaultlocationofthefile is C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Temp\vmware-support\.
VMware, Inc.
75
OnLinuxhosts,thescriptcreatesacompressed.TGZfileintheusershomedirectory. Becausethescriptisnotrunasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicatingthatit cannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupportteamneeds thatinformation,asupportrepresentativeasksyoutorunthescriptfromthecommand lineasroot.Forinstructions,seeRuntheSupportScriptfromaLinuxTerminal Windowonpage 77. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 74.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 74.MakesurethatthelatestVMwareTools isinstalledinthevirtualmachinestocollectsupportdatafromtheguest,andthatthe virtualmachinesarepoweredon. To run the support script from the Workstation user interface 1 SelectHelp>CollectSupportData. AdialogboxdisplaysallyouropenWorkstationvirtualmachines. 2 Checktheboxesforthevirtualmachinestocollectsupportdatafromandselect Collect. a b IfyouselectCollectwithnovirtualmachinesselected,thesupportcollection scriptcollectsdataonlyfromyourhostmachine. IfyouselectacheckboxforavirtualmachineandselectCollect,thesupport collectionscriptcollectsthecurrentdatafromtheyourguestandhost machines. ThevirtualmachinemustbepoweredonandhavethelatestVMwareTools running.VMwarerecommendsthatyouusethisoptiontocollectthecurrent dataforyourguestmachine. 3 Addthe.ZIPor.TGZdatafiletoyoursupportrequest.
Run the Support Script from a Windows Command Prompt

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 74.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 74. To run the support script from a Windows command prompt 1 2 Openacommandprompt. ChangetotheVMwareWorkstationprogramdirectory:
76
VMware, Inc.
C: cd \Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation
Ifyoudidnotinstalltheprograminthedefaultdirectory,usetheappropriatedrive letterandpathinthecdcommandabove. 3 Runthesupportscript:

cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameofthedirectorywhereithasstoredits output. 4 UseafilecompressionutilitysuchasWinZiporPKZIPtozipthescriptoutput directory,andincludethezipfilewithyoursupportrequest. IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingVMware Workstation,alsoincludetheinstallationlogfile. OnaWindowshost,thefileisVMInst.log.ItissavedintheTempfolder.Ona WindowsXPorWindowsServer2003host,thedefaultlocationisC:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp. Youcanusethecommandcd %temp%tolocatetheLocal Settingsfolder,which ishiddenbydefault.Toseeitscontents,openMyComputer,gotoTools>Folder Options,clicktheViewtabandselectShowHiddenFilesandFolders.
Run the Support Script from a Linux Terminal Window

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 74.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 74. To run the support script from a Linux terminal window 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Runthesupportscriptastheuserwhoisrunningthevirtualmachine:
vm-support
Ifyouarenotrunningthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicating thatitcannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupport teamneedsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativewillaskyoutorunthescript againasroot. Thescriptcreatesacompressed.TGZfileintheusershomedirectory. 3

VMware, Inc.
Includethatoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest.
77
IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingWorkstation,also includetheinstallationlogfile.
78
VMware, Inc.
Creating and Upgrading a Virtual Machine
ThischapterdescribeshowtocreateavirtualmachinebyusingtheNewVirtual Machinewizard.Italsoprovidesgeneralinformationaboutinstallingguestoperating systems. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachinesonpage 79 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 80 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 87 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 88 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 92 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgradingonpage 95 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 95
Methods of Creating Virtual Machines

Workstationgivesyouseveraloptionsforcreatingvirtualmachines:
Createavirtualmachinefromscratch. Ifyoudonothaveanyvirtualmachinesorsystemimages,youmustusethis method.UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Next, youmustinstallanoperatingsystem.Theprocessisthesameasinstallingitona physicalcomputer. Therestofthischapterdescribesthismethodofcreatingavirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
79
CloneavirtualmachinefromanexistingVMwarevirtualmachineorvirtual machinetemplate. Clonesareusefulwhenyoumustdeploymanyidenticalvirtualmachinestoa group.CloningispreferabletocopyingavirtualmachinebecauseaclonesMAC addressandUUIDaredifferentfromtheoriginalvirtualmachine,toavoid networkconflicts.UsetheCloneVirtualMachinewizardtocreateaclone. SeeCloningaVirtualMachineonpage 215.
OnWindowshosts,convertaphysicalmachine,virtualmachine,orsystemimage thatwascreatedbyusinganotherVMwareproductorathirdpartyproduct. Thisprocesscreatesacloneoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Use theConversionwizardtoconvertaphysicalorvirtualmachineorasystemimage.
Configuration Options for the New Virtual Machine Wizard

AsyoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youarepromptedtomake decisionsaboutmanyaspectsofthevirtualmachine.Thetopicsinthissectionprovide informationabouttheissuesinvolvedsothatyoucandeterminewhichchoicesyou wanttomakebeforerunningthewizard.
Easy Install Feature for Some Guest Operating Systems

Theeasyinstallfeaturesenableyoutoperformanunattendedinstallationoftheguest operatingsystemafteryoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanusethis featureregardlessofwhetheryouchooseatypicaloracustomconfigurationinthe wizard. OnWindowsguests,theeasyinstallfeatureisavailableforthefollowingoperating systems:

WindowsVista,Windows7,WindowsXP,andWindows2000 WindowsServer2008,WindowsServer2003,andWindows2000Server
OnLinuxguests,theeasyinstallfeatureisavailableforthefollowingoperating systems:

Ubuntu7.10andlater RedHatEnterpriseLinux3through5 Mandriva2008.1andlater
80
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading a Virtual Machine
Ifyouspecifyaninstallerdisc(DVDorCD)orISOimagefileandifthewizarddetects anoperatingsystemthatsupportstheeasyinstallfeature,youarepromptedtosupply thefollowinginformation:
ForWindowsguests:
(Optional)WindowsproductkeyIfyouspecifyaproductkey,youarenot promptedforitlater,duringinstallationoftheoperatingsystem.Entera productkeyunlesstheinstallationmediaalreadycontainsavolumelicense productkey. FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem.Donotuse thenameAdministratororGuest.Ifyouuseoneofthesenames,youwill receiveanerrormessageduringinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandbe promptedtoenteradifferentname. (Optional)PasswordOnWindowsoperatingsystemsotherthanWindows 2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforanaccountwithAdministrator permissions.OnWindows2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforthe Administratoraccount.
ForLinuxguests:
FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem,if registrationisrequired.Thefirstnameisusedasthehostnameforthevirtual machine. UsernameYoucanuselowercaselettersandnumbers,withnospaces.Do notusethenameroot.Someoperatingsystemssetupsudoaccessforthisuser, andsomerequirethisusertousesutogetrootprivileges. PasswordThepasswordyouenterhereisusedforboththeusernameyou supplyandtherootuser.
ThisfeaturealsoinstallsVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem.Formore informationaboutVMwareTools,seeComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 99. IfyouplantouseaCD,DVD,orISOimagethatcontainsaproductkeynumberandis alreadysetuptoperformanunattendedinstallation,theonlybenefityougainbyusing theeasyinstallfeatureistheautomaticinstallationofVMwareTools.
Typical Compared to Custom Configurations

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardpromptsyoutochoosebetweendoingatypical configurationandacustomconfiguration.IfyouselectTypical,thewizardprompts youtospecifyoracceptdefaultsforthefollowingchoices:
VMware, Inc.
81
Mediumforinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem(CD,imagefile,orneither) Guestoperatingsystem Virtualmachinenameandthelocationofthevirtualmachinefiles Sizeofthevirtualdiskandwhethertosplitthediskinto2GBfiles Hardwarecustomization,foradvancedusers
Youarenotpromptedtospecifythevirtualmachineversion.Thevirtualmachine version(Workstation5.x,6.x,or7.0)isassumedtobetheonespecifiedinthe preferenceseditor.FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences,andsee thesettingforDefaulthardwarecompatibility. Onthelastpageofthewizard,youcanclickCustomizeHardwaretochangethe defaultsformemoryallocation,numberofvirtualCPUs,networkconnectiontype,and soon. Manycircumstancesrequireyoutoselectacustominstallation.SelectCustomifyou wanttodoanyofthefollowing:
Makeadifferentversionofvirtualmachinethanwhatisspecifiedinthe preferenceseditor. SpecifytheI/OadaptertypeforSCSIadapters:BusLogic,LSILogic,or LSI Logic SAS. SpecifywhetheryouwanttocreateanIDEoraSCSIvirtualdisk,regardlessofthe defaultthatisusuallyusedfortheguestoperatingsystem. Useaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdisk(forexpertusers). Useanexistingvirtualdiskratherthancreateavirtualdisk. Placethevirtualdiskfileinalocationotherthanthevirtualmachinedirectory. Allocateallvirtualdiskspaceratherthanallowingthediskspacetogradually growtothemaximum.
Guest Operating System Selection

IfyouspecifythatthesourcemediaforinstallingtheoperatingsystemisInstallerdisc orInstallerdiscimagefileandifthewizardcandetecttheoperatingsystem,you mightnotseeawizardpageforselectingtheoperatingsystem. Afteryouspecifyanoperatingsystemorafterthewizarddetectsitfromtheinstallation media,Workstationusesthisinformationtodothefollowing:
Selectappropriatedefaultvalues,suchastheamountofmemorytoallocate.
VMware, Inc.
82
Namefilesassociatedwiththevirtualmachine. Adjustsettingsforoptimalperformance. Workaroundspecialbehaviorsandbugswithinaguestoperatingsystem.
Iftheoperatingsystemyouplantouseisnotlisted,selectOtherforbothguest operatingsystemandversion. Forsomeoperatingsystems,theoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsareinstalled automaticallyafterthevirtualmachineiscreated.SeeEasyInstallFeatureforSome GuestOperatingSystemsonpage 80. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation versions5.5andlater,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.
Virtual Machine Location

Thefollowingexamplesshowthedefaultlocationssuggestedforvirtualmachines:
OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,thedefaultfolderforaWindows XPProfessionalvirtualmachineis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnLinuxhosts,thedefaultlocationforaWindowsXPProfessionalvirtual machineis:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
The<homedir>valueisthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoiscurrentlyloggedin. Virtualmachineperformancemightbeslowerifyourvirtualharddiskisonanetwork drive.Forbestperformance,besurethevirtualmachinesfolderisonalocaldrive. However,ifotherusersneedtoaccessthisvirtualmachine,considerplacingthevirtual machinefilesinalocationthatisaccessibletothem.SeeSharingVirtualMachines withOtherUsersonpage 222. NOTEIfyouplantodeploythevirtualmachineonaUSBdrive,first,createthevirtual machineonyourlocalharddisk.YoucanthenusePocketACEfeaturestodeploythe virtualmachine. Forinformationaboutthefilesstoredinthevirtualmachinefolder,seeFilesThat MakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 95.
VMware, Inc. 83
Virtual Hardware Compatibility Levels

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly. WhenyoumakeaselectionfromtheHardwareCompatibilitylist,youseealistof otherVMwareproductsandversionsthatarecompatiblewithyourselection.Youalso seealistoffeaturesthatarenotavailableforthatversion. Ifoneofthefeaturecompatibilitycheckboxesisavailablefortheversionyouselect,you canselectthecheckboxtoseealistoftheadditionallimitations.
Number of Processors
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Settingthevirtualmachineto havetwoprocessorsissupportedonlyforhostmachineswithatleasttwological processors.(IfyouarecreatingaWorkstation4virtualmachine,youdonotseethis panel.) Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled AsingleprocessorhostwithadualcoreCPU AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoCPUs,regardlessofwhethertheyaredualcoreor havehyperthreadingenabled
Memory Allocation
ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Acolorcodediconcorrespondstoeachvalue.Touseoneoftheseamounts,movethe slidertothecorrespondingicon.Thehighendoftherangethatappearsisdetermined bytheamountofmemoryallocatedtoallrunningvirtualmachines.Ifyouallowvirtual machinememorytobeswapped,thisvaluechangestoreflecttheamountofswapping thatwasspecified.Tochangetheamountofmemoryavailabletoallvirtualmachines, usetheWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).
Network Connection Type

ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youhaveseveraloptionsfor connectingthevirtualmachinetothenetwork:
84
VMware, Inc.
BridgednetworkingIfyourhostcomputerisonanetworkandyouhavea separateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachine(orcangetoneautomaticallyfroma DHCPserver),selectBridged.Othercomputersonthenetworkcanthen communicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine. NAT(NetworkAddressTranslation)IfyoudonothaveaseparateIPaddressfor yourvirtualmachinebutyouwanttobeabletoconnecttotheInternet,selectNAT. Thevirtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetworkidentitythatisnotvisible outsidethenetwork. HostonlyHostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthe virtualmachineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatis visibletothehostoperatingsystem.Withhostonlynetworking,thevirtual machinecancommunicateonlywiththehostandothervirtualmachinesinthe hostonlynetwork.SelectHostonlytosetupanisolatedvirtualnetwork.
SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 282.
I/O Adapter Types

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.AnIDEandaSCSIadapterare installedinthevirtualmachine.TheIDEadapterisalwaysATAPI.FortheSCSI adapter,youcanchooseBusLogic,LSILogic,orLSILogicSAS.BusLogicandLSILogic adaptershaveparallelinterfaces.LSILogicSAShasaserialinterface. Thedefaultforyourguestoperatingsystemisalreadyselected.Olderoperating systems,suchasWindowsXPandRedHatEnterpriseLinux2,defaulttoBusLogic. OnlyWindowsServer2008defaultstoLSILogicSAS. NOTETheLSILogicadapterhasimprovedperformanceandworksbetterwithgeneric SCSIdevices.TheLSILogicadapterisalsosupportedbyESXServer2.0andhigher. YourchoiceofSCSIadapterdoesnotaffectyourdecisiontomakeyourvirtualdiskan IDEorSCSIdisk.However,someguestoperatingsystems,suchas32bitWindows XP, donotincludeadriverfortheLSILogicorLSILogicSASadapter.Youmustdownload thedriverfromtheLSILogicWebsite. NOTEDriversforaMylex(BusLogic)compatiblehostbusadapterarenotobviouson theLSILogicWebsite.Searchthesupportareaforthenumericstringinthemodel number.Forexample,searchfor958forBT/KT958drivers.
VMware, Inc.
85
TheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideincludesdriversupport informationwhereappropriate.Forguestoperatingsystemsupport,knownissues, andinstallationinstructions,seetheonlineVMwareCompatibilityGuide.Gotothe VMwareWebsiteandselectResources>CompatibilityGuides,andclicktheViewthe Guest/HostOStabontheVMwareCompatibilityGuideWebsitelink.
Disk Types
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Thedefaultforyourguest operatingsystemisalreadyselected. OnLinuxhosts,andintheAddHardwarewizard,youcanselectadiskmodeonthe SelectaDiskTypepage.SeeNormalandIndependentDiskModesonpage 86.
Normal and Independent Disk Modes

TheoptiontoselectnormalorindependentmodeisavailableonLinuxhostsforcustom configurationsonly.Normalmodemeansyouwanttoincludedisksinanysnapshots youtake.Ifyoudonotwantdataonthedisktoberecordedwhenyoutakeasnapshot ofthevirtualmachine,youcanconfigurethedisktobeindependent. Ifyouconfigurethedisktobeindependent,youcanfurtherspecifywhetherchanges youmaketothediskaretopersistorbediscardedwhenyoupoweroffthevirtual machineorrestoreittoasnapshot. AlthoughforWindowshosts,thisconfigurationsettingisnotavailableintheNew VirtualMachinewizard,youcanexcludevirtualdisksfromsnapshotsbyusingthe virtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotson page 203.
Virtual Disks and Physical Disks

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Ifyouuseatypical configuration,anewvirtualdiskiscreatedandusedforthevirtualmachine.Virtual disksarethebestchoiceformostvirtualmachines.Theyareeasytosetupandcanbe movedtonewlocationsonthesamehostcomputerortodifferenthostcomputers. Evenforcustomconfigurations,youusuallychoosetheoptionCreateaNewVirtual Disk.InsomecasesyoumightwanttochooseUseanExistingVirtualDisk,tousea virtualdiskyoucreatedpreviously.Thewizarddisplaysapageforyoutoenterthe pathorbrowsetotheexistingvirtualdisk(.vmdk)file. Itispossibletouseaphysicalharddisk(arawdisk)orIDEdiskpartitioninavirtual machine.Donotuseaphysicaldiskconfigurationunlessyouareanexpertuser.See UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 240.
86 VMware, Inc.
Disk Capacity
Thewizardpromptsyoutosetasizebetween0.1GBand950GBforavirtualdisk. On Windowshosts,thePocketACEsizecalculatorcontrolcanhelpdeterminethedisk sizeforanACEinstancethatfitsonaportabledevice. SelecttheoptionSplitvirtualdiskinto2GBfilesifyourvirtualdiskisstoredonafile systemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB. Forcustomconfigurations,youarealsogiventheoptionAllocatealldiskspacenow. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow.Allocatingalldiskspacenow givessomewhatbetterperformance,butitisatimeconsumingoperation.Alsoit requiresasmuchphysicaldiskspaceasyouspecifyforthevirtualdisk.Ifyouallocate allthediskspacenow,youcannotusetheshrinkdiskfeaturelater.
Pocket ACE Disk Size Calculator on Windows Only

ThePocketACEfeatureallowsyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputersandruntheir ACEinstanceswithVMwarePlayer. OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youcanusethe PocketACEsizecalculatorbuttontodeterminewhatnumbertouseintheDisksize textbox.Disksizerefersonlytothesizeofthevirtualharddisk.Ifyouplantocreate PocketACEs,youmustalsoconsidertheamountofdiskspacerequiredformemory, installers,andotherfilesrelatedtovirtualmachineoverhead. SelecttheFastsynchronizecachecheckboxtoreservespaceforwritingchangesfrom thePocketACEcacheonthehost.Havingthisspaceavailablereducesthetimeittakes tosynchronizefileswiththehost. TodeterminewhatnumbertoenterintheVirtualharddisksizetextboxofthe calculator,youneedtohowmuchdiskspaceisavailableonthedevice.PlugtheUSB deviceintoyourhostcomputerandusetheMyComputeritemtodisplayits properties.ThisnumbercannotbelessthantheamountshownforSpacerequiredon USBdeviceinthecalculator.IfnecessaryreducethenumberintheVirtualharddisk sizetextboxuntiltheamountoftotalspacerequirediscorrectforthedevice.
Use the New Virtual Machine Wizard

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughthekeystepsforsettingupanew virtualmachine,helpingyousetvariousoptionsandparameters.
VMware, Inc.
87
ManyofthesettingsyouspecifyintheNewVirtualMachinecanbechangedlater,if necessary.Youcanusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorifyouneedtomakechanges aftertheinitialcreation.(Fromthemenubar,chooseVM>Settings.) Beforeyoubegin,determinewhattypeofmediatouseforinstallingtheoperating systeminthevirtualmachineanddooneofthefollowing:
IfyouplantouseaninstallationCDorDVDforinstallingtheguestoperating system,inserttheCDorDVDinthehostsCDROMdrive. IfyouplantouseanISOimagefile,makesurethefileisaccessibletothehost.
To use the New Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Followtheprompts. Formoreinformationaboutthefieldsonawizardpage,clickHelponthatpage. Afterthewizardcreatesthevirtualmachine,thenextstepisinstallingtheguest operatingsystem.SeeInstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 88.
Installing a Guest Operating System

Installationofaguestoperatingsystemcanbeautomatedormanual:
Ifyouspecifiedaninstallerdiscorimage(.iso)fileandifthewizarddetectedan operatingsystemthatsupportstheeasyinstallfeature,installationisautomated. AnunattendedinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsbegins whenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. Theinstallationprocessusuallyrunswithoutrequiringinputfromyou. See RespondtoEasyInstallPromptsonpage 89.
Ifyoudidnotusetheeasyinstallfeature,seeInstallaGuestOperatingSystem Manuallyonpage 90.
Installation Requirements for ESX Guest Operating System

YoucanusetheeasyinstallfeaturetoinstallESX4.0andESXi4.0guestson Workstation.Beforeyoubegin,makesureyoufulfillthefollowingrequirements:
88
VMware, Inc.
HardwareassistedvirtualizationmustbeenabledfortheESX4.0andESXi4.0 guests.ThehostsystemmusthaveIntelEM64TprocessorswithVTxorAMD64 Family10HandlaterprocessorswithAMDV.Whereapplicable,VTxorAMDV mustbeenabledintheBIOS(orotherfirmware).PoweroffandrestartIntelhosts afterchangingtheBIOSsettingstoenablehardwarevirtualization. ESX4.0guestsmustbeconfiguredwithtwoormorecores.VMwarerecommends thatthehostsystemshouldhaveatleastasmanycoresastheguest. Only32bitguestsmaybeinstalledtorunasnestedvirtualmachinesinsideanESX guest.Thesevirtualmachinescanonlybeconfiguredtousebinarytranslation. VMwareToolsarenotavailableforESX4.0orESXi4.0guests.Donotinstallthe LinuxversionofVMwareToolsinanESXguest. ForinstructionsonhowtosetthevirtualEthernetadapteronaLinuxhosttorun inpromiscuousmode,seetheVMwareknowledgebasearticle287availableonthe VMwareWebsite.
FormoreinformationonhowtoconfigureESX4.0andESXi4.0,seetheVMware vSpheredocumentationsetavailableontheVMwareWebsite.
Respond to Easy Install Prompts

Usuallyyouarenotpromptedforinputduringoperatingsysteminstallationiftheeasy installfeatureruns.If,however,youdidnotenteralltheeasyinstallinformationinthe NewVirtualMachinewizard,youmightbepromptedforaproductkey,username,or password. Also,iftheoperatingsysteminstallationdiscorimagespansmultipleCDs,DVDs,or imagefiles,youmightbepromptedwhentheinstallerrequiresthenextdisk. To respond to easy install prompts 1 Ifyouarepromptedtosupplyaproductkey,username,orpassword,dothe following: a b 2 3 Clickinthevirtualmachinewindowtoallowmouseandkeyboardinputto begrabbedbythevirtualmachine. Typeintherequiredinformation.
IfyouareusingCDsorDVDsandarepromptedtoinsertthenextCDorDVD,use theCDorDVDdriveattachedtothehost. Ifyouareusingimagefilesandarepromptedtoinsertthenextdisc,dothe following:
VMware, Inc.
89
OnWindowshosts,clickChangeDisk,browsetotheimagefileforthenext CD,andclickOK. OnLinuxhosts,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings> CD/DVD,browsetotheimagefileforthenextCD,checktheConnected option,andclickSave.
Install a Guest Operating System Manually

Youmustinstallanoperatingsystemmanuallyifyoudidnotorwerenotabletouse theeasyinstallfeaturewhencompletingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Beforeyoubegin,usethefollowingdocumentstodetermineadditionalrequirements forthespecificoperatingsystemandversionyouplantoinstall:
Forguestoperatingsystemsupport,knownissues,andinstallationinstructions, seetheonlineVMwareCompatibilityGuide.GototheVMwareWebsiteandselect Resources>CompatibilityGuides,andclicktheViewtheGuest/HostOStabon theVMwareCompatibilityGuideWebsitelink. ForinformationaboutinstallingaLinuxoperatingsystemthathasaVMwareVMI (VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguestoperatingsystem,seeUse aParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuestsonpage 91.
Anewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Beforeyou canuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogrammighthandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou. Installingaguestoperatingsysteminsideavirtualmachineisessentiallythesameas installingitonaphysicalcomputer. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors. To install a guest operating system manually 1 2 StartWorkstation. Dooneofthefollowingsothatthevirtualmachinecanaccesstheinstallation mediafortheguestoperatingsystem:
ForaCDorDVD,ifnecessary,configurethevirtualmachinetousethehosts CDROM/DVDdrive,andinserttheoperatingsystemmediainthedrive.
90
VMware, Inc.
Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromthe installationCDROM.YoucanworkaroundthatproblembycreatinganISO imagefilefromtheinstallationCDROM.Usethevirtualmachinesettings editor(chooseVM>Settings)toconnectthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetothe ISOimagefile,andpoweronthevirtualmachine.
ForanISOimage,connecttheCDROMdrivetoanISOimagefileofan installationdisk.
TouseaPXEservertoinstalltheguestoperatingsystemoveranetwork connection,youdonotneedtheoperatingsysteminstallationmedia.Whenyou poweronthevirtualmachine,thevirtualmachinedetectsthePXEserver. 3 4 5 ClickthePowerOnbutton. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. IftheoperatingsystemspansseveralCDs,followthesestepswhenyouare promptedtoinsertthesecondCD: a b c d e f DisconnectfromthecurrentimagebychoosingVM>RemovableDevices> CDROM>Disconnect. EdittheCDsettingsbychoosingVM>RemovableDevices>CDROM> Edit. ForUseISOimagefile,clickBrowse,andselecttheISOimageforthesecond CD. IntheDeviceStatusarea,selecttheConnectedcheckboxandclickOK. Intheguestoperatingsystem,clickOKorrespondtothepromptsothat installationcancontinue. RepeatthisprocessforadditionalCDs.
Aftertheguestoperatingsystemisinstalled,youcanusethestandardtoolswithinthe operatingsystemtoconfigureitssettings.VMwarerecommendsthatyouinstall VMwareToolsbeforeyouactivatethelicensefortheoperatingsystem.SeeInstalling VMwareToolsonpage 102.
Use a Paravirtualized Kernel in Linux Guests

Since2005,VMwarehasbeencollaboratingwiththeLinuxcommunitytodevelopa commonparavirtualizationinterface.In2006,VMwarereleaseditsVMIspecificationas anopenspecification.ItallowsVMwarevirtualmachinestosupportvarious paravirtualizedoperatingsystemsfrompopularLinuxdistributions.
VMware, Inc.
91
Beforeyoubegin,obtaininstallationmedia(CDorISOimage)fortheoperatingsystem. Paravirtualizedkernelsupportisavailablefor32bitversionsofUbuntu7.04,7.10,or 8.04andSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP2. The64bitversionofSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP2alreadycontains paravirtualization.YoudonotneedtouseaWorkstationsettingtoenableit. Formoreinformationaboutparavirtualizationingeneral,seethefollowingVMware Websiteat: http://www.vmware.com/interfaces/paravirtualization.html IfyouhaveaVMwareVMI(VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguest operatingsystem,youwillseeimprovedperformanceifyouenableparavirtual supportinthevirtualmachine. To use a paravirtualized kernel in Linux guests 1 2 UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreatevirtualmachineforoneofthe supported32bitguestoperatingsystems. Afteryoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,enableparavirtualkernelsupport,as follows: a b ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andintheExecutionModesection, selecttheVMwarekernelparavirtualizationcheckbox.
Upgrade a Guest Operating System

WhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,oneofthe settingsyouspecifyistheguestoperatingsystemtypeandversion.Workstation choosesconfigurationdefaultsbasedontheguesttypeandversionyouchoose. Ifyouupgradeaguestoperatingsystemtoanewerversion,alsoupdatetheguest operatingsystemversionforthevirtualmachine. To upgrade a guest operating system 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab.
92
VMware, Inc.
OntheGeneralsettingspanel,intheVersionfield,selecttheversiontowhichyou plantoupgradeandclickOK. Thesettingyouspecifyhereiswrittentothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. Thissettingdoesnotactuallychangetheguestoperatingsystemitself.
6 7
Poweronthevirtualmachine. Toupgradetheguestoperatingsystem,followtheupgradeinstructionsprovided bytheoperatingsystemvendor.
Change the Version of a Virtual Machine

IfyoucreatedvirtualmachineswithanearlierversionofWorkstation,youmust upgradetothelatestversiontousethenewestfeatures.Forinformationaboutnew features,seethereleasenotes. IfyoucreatedWorkstation7.0virtualmachinesandyouwanttodeploythosevirtual machinestorunonadifferentVMwareproduct,youmightneedtodowngradetoa versionthatiscompatiblewiththatproduct. UsingWorkstation7.0,youcanupgradeanddowngradetoversions4,5.x,6.x,and7.0. Youcanalsodeterminewhichvirtualhardwareversiontouse. Considerthefollowingwhenchangingthevirtualhardwareversionofavirtual machine:
ForWorkstation4,5.x,6.xand7.0virtualmachines,youcanchangetheversionof theoriginalvirtualmachineorcreateafullclone,sothattheoriginalremains unaltered.ForWorkstation4virtualmachines,Workstationchangestheoriginal virtualmachine. IfyouupgradeaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachinethatiscompatiblewith ESX ServertoWorkstation6.x,youcannotusetheChangeVersionwizardtolater downgradeitagaintoanESXcompatiblevirtualmachine. OnWindowshosts,however,youcanusetheConversionwizard(chooseFile> Import)toperformsuchadowngrade.
WhenyouupgradeaWindowsXP,WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,or Windows7virtualmachine,theMicrosoftproductactivationfeaturemight requireyoutoreactivatetheguestoperatingsystem.
VMware, Inc.
93
To change the version of a virtual machine 1 2 Makebackupcopiesofthevirtualdisks(.vmdkfiles). IfyouareupgradingfromaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine,ordowngrading toaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine,makeanoteoftheNICsettingsinthe guest. Specifically,ifyouspecifiedastaticIPaddressforthisvirtualmachine,afterthe upgrade,thatsettingmightbechangedtoautomaticassignmentbyDHCP. TochecktheNICsettings,usethemethodappropriateforyouroperatingsystem. Forexample,onWindowsXP,youcanusetheControlPanelsNetwork ConnectionsitemtofindinformationabouttheTCP/IPaddressforthevirtual machine. 3 4 5 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Upgrade or Change Version. Followtheprompts. Whenyouselectahardwarecompatibilityversion,youseealistoftheVMware productsthatarecompatiblewiththatversion.IfyouselectWorkstation4,5.x,or 6.xyoualsoseealistofWorkstation7.0featuresthatarenotsupportedforthat version. 6 Poweronthevirtualmachine. IfyouupgradeavirtualmachinethatcontainsaWindows98operatingsystemto aWorkstation7.0virtualmachine,youarepromptedtoinstallaPCIPCIbridge driverwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.BecauseWorkstation7.0has32 morePCIPCIbridgesthanWorkstation6.x,youmightneedtorespondtothe prompt32or33times. 7 8 Ifapplicable,intheguestoperatingsystem,checktheNICsettingsandadjustthem iftheychanged,asdescribedinStep 2. IfthevirtualmachinedoesnothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalled, updateVMwareTools. Evenif,forexample,youupgradedaWorkstation5.xvirtualmachineto Workstation6.xratherthan7.0,besuretoupdateVMwareToolstotheversion includedwithWorkstation7.0.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 112. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenew version.
94
VMware, Inc.
Ifyouareupgradingavirtualmachinethatrunsfromaphysical(raw)disk,you cansafelyignorethemessage,Unabletoupgrade<drive_name>.Oneofthe suppliedparametersisinvalid.ClickOK.
Using an Older-Version Virtual Machine Without Upgrading

Youmightnotwanttoupgradeavirtualmachinebecauseyouwantittoremain compatiblewithotherVMwareproductsyouareusing.Followingisabriefsummary ofVMwareproductversioncompatibility.
Version of Workstation 4.x Compatible VMware Products ACE 1.x,2.0,2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 1.1,2.0,and3.0, GSXServer 3.x,VMware Server 1.xand2.0,andWorkstation4.x, 5.x,6.x,and7.0 ACE 2.0,2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 1.1,2.0,and3.0,GSX Server 3.x,VMware Server 1.xand2.0,andWorkstation5.x,6.x, and7.0 ACE 2.0,2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 1.1,2.0,and3.0, VMware Server 2.0,andWorkstation6.0,6.5,and7.0 ACE 2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 2.0,and3.0, VMware Server 1.xand2.0,andWorkstation6.5,and7.0
5.x
6.x 7.0
YoucanrunolderversionsofvirtualmachinesinWorkstation7.0,butyouwillnothave thebenefitsofthenewfeaturesofWorkstation7.0. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seethe VMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,youstillneedtoupgradeVMwareTools tothenewversion.Followtheinstructionsforyourguestoperatingsystemin VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 112.Donotremovetheolderversionof VMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion.
Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine

Youmightneverneedtoknowthefilenamesorlocationsforyourvirtualmachinefiles. VirtualmachinefilemanagementisperformedbyWorkstation. Avirtualmachinetypicallyisstoredonthehostcomputerinasetoffiles,usuallyina directorycreatedbyWorkstationforthatspecificvirtualmachine.SeeVirtual MachineLocationonpage 83.
VMware, Inc.
95
ThekeyfilesarelistedinTable 41byextension.Intheseexamples,<vmname>isthe nameofyourvirtualmachine. Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files

Extension .log File Name <vmname>.log or vmware.log .nvram <vmname>.nvram or nvram Description ThelogfileofkeyWorkstationactivity.Thisfileis usefulintroubleshooting.Thisfileisstoredinthe directorythatholdstheconfiguration(.vmx)fileof thevirtualmachine. TheNVRAMfile,whichstoresthestateofthevirtual machinesBIOS.
96
VMware, Inc.
Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmdk File Name <vmname>.vmdk Description VMDKfiles,whichstorethecontentsofthevirtual machinesharddiskdrive. Avirtualdiskismadeupofoneormorevirtualdisk (.vmdk)files.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditor showsthenameofthefirstfileintheset.Thisfile containspointerstotheotherfilesintheset. (Ifyouspecifythatallspaceshouldbeallocated whenyoucreatethedisk,thesefilesstartatthe maximumsizeanddonotgrow.)Almostallofa .vmdkfilescontentisthevirtualmachinesdata, withasmallportionallottedtovirtualmachine overhead. Ifthevirtualmachineisconnecteddirectlytoa physicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationabout thepartitionsthevirtualmachineisallowedto access. EarlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension.dsk forvirtualdiskfiles. <vmname>-s<###>.vmdk Ifyouspecifiedthatthefilescangrow,thefilenames includeansinthefilenumber(forexample, Windows XP Professional-s001.vmdk). Ifyouspecifiedthatthevirtualdiskissplitinto2GB chunks,thenumberof.vmdkfilesdependsonthe sizeofthevirtualdisk.Asdataisaddedtoavirtual disk,the.vmdk filesgrow,toamaximumof2GB each. <vmname>-f<###>.vmdk Ifthediskspacewasallocatedwhenthediskwas created,thenamesincludeanfinsteadofans(for example,Windows XP Professional-f001.vmdk). Ifthevirtualmachinehasoneormoresnapshots, somefilesareredologfiles.Theystorechanges madetoavirtualdiskwhilethevirtualmachineis running.The###indicatesauniquesuffixaddedby Workstationtoavoidduplicatefilenames. Thevirtualmachinespagingfile,whichbacksupthe guestmainmemoryonthehostfilesystem.Thisfile existsonlywhenthevirtualmachineisrunningorif thevirtualmachinefails. Eachsnapshotofavirtualmachinethatispowered onhasanassociated.vmemfile,whichcontainsthe guestsmainmemory,savedaspartofthesnapshot.
<vmname>-<disk>-<###>.vmdk
.vmem
<uuid>.vmem
<snapshot_name_number>.vmem
VMware, Inc.
97
Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmsd .vmsn File Name <vmname>.vmsd <vmname>-Snapshot.vmsn Description Acentralizedfileforstoringinformationand metadataaboutsnapshots. Thesnapshotstatefile,whichstorestherunning stateofavirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethat snapshot. Thefilethatstoresthestateofasnapshot. Thesuspendedstatefile,whichstoresthestateofa suspendedvirtualmachine. SomeearlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension .stdforsuspendedstatefiles. .vmtm .vmx <vmname>.vmtm <vmname>.vmx Theconfigurationfilecontainingteamdata. Theprimaryconfigurationfile,whichstoressettings chosenintheNewVirtualMachinewizardorvirtual machinesettingseditor.Ifyoucreatedthevirtual machinewithanearlierversionofWorkstationona Linuxhost,thisfilemighthavea.cfgextension. Asupplementalconfigurationfileforvirtual machinesthatareinateam.This.vmxffileremains ifavirtualmachineisremovedfromtheteam.
<vmname>-Snapshot<###>.vmsn .vmss <vmname>.vmss
.vmxf
<vmname>.vmxf
Otherfilesmightbepresentinthedirectory.Somearepresentonlywhileavirtual machineisrunning.SeeLockFilesonpage 232.
98
VMware, Inc.
Installing and Using VMware Tools
Thischapterdiscusseshowtoinstall,update,andrunVMwareTools.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

ComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 99 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102 VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 112 UninstallVMwareToolsonpage 115 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesinaWindowsGuestonpage 115 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 116 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestonpage 120 CustomizationstoVMwareToolsonpage 121 UsetheVMwareToolsServiceCommandLineInterfaceonpage 128
Components of VMware Tools

VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtualmachine. AlthoughtheguestoperatingsystemcanrunwithoutVMwareTools,youlose importantfunctionalityandconvenience. VMwareToolsincludesthefollowingcomponents:

VMwareToolsservice VMwaredevicedrivers VMwareuserprocess VMwareToolscontrolpanel
VMware, Inc.
99
VMware Tools Service

Theprogramfileiscalledvmtoolsd.exeonWindowsguestoperatingsystemsand vmtoolsdonLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests. Thisservicestartswhentheguestoperatingsystembootsandperformsvariousduties withintheguestoperatingsystem:

Passesmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem. Executescommandsintheoperatingsystemtocleanlyshutdownorrestarta Linux,FreeBSD,orSolarissystemwhenyouselectpoweroperationsin Workstation. OnWindowsguests,allowsthemousecursortomovefreelybetweentheguest andhostoperatingsystems. OnWindowsguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehostsscreen resolutionandthereverse. Synchronizesthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem. Runsscriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.Thescriptsrun whenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges.
TheVMwareToolsserviceisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead,the vmwtoolprogramisinstalled.ItsynchronizestimeandallowsyoutoturntheCPU idleronoroff.
VMware Device Drivers

Thesedevicedriversinclude:
SVGAdisplaydriverthatprovideshighdisplayresolutionandsignificantlyfaster overallgraphicsperformance. Anaudiodriverthatisrequiredforall64bitWindowsguestsand32bitWindows Server2003,WindowsServer2008,WindowsVista,andWindows7guests. VMXNetnetworkingdriversforsomeguestoperatingsystems. BusLogicSCSIdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems. VMwaremousedriver. Akernelmoduleforhandlingsharedfolders,calledhgfs.sysonWindowsand vmhgfsonLinuxandSolaris.
100
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools
TheVirtualMachineCommunicationInterface(VMCI)driverforcreating clientserverapplicationsthatareoptimizedforfastandefficientcommunication betweenvirtualmachines. AparavirtualSCSIdriverforPVSCSIadapters,whichenhancetheperformanceof somevirtualizedapplications.
VMware User Process

TheprogramfileiscalledVMwareUser.exeonWindowsguestsandvmware-useron Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests. Thisserviceperformsthefollowingtaskswithintheguestoperatingsystem:
Enablesyoutocopyandpastetextbetweentheguestandhostoperatingsystems, andcopyandpastefilesbetweenthehostoperatingsystemsandWindows,Linux, Solaris,andFreeBSDguestoperatingsystems. Enablesyoutodraganddropfilesbetweenthehostoperatingsystemsand Windows,Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguestoperatingsystems. EnablesyoutousetheUnityfeaturewithWindowsandLinuxguests. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,grabsandreleasesthemousecursorwhen theSVGAdriverisnotinstalled. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothe hosts.
ThisprocessstartswhenyoubeginanX11session.Touseadifferentmechanismto starttheprocess,seeStarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUsea SessionManageronUNIXonpage 111. TheVMwareToolsuserprocessisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead, thevmwtoolprogramisinstalled.Itcontrolsthegrabbingandreleasingofthemouse cursor.Italsoallowsyoucopyandpastetext.Youcannotdraganddroporcopyand pastefilesbetweenhostsandNetWareguestoperatingsystems.
VMware Tools Control Panel

TheVMwareToolscontrolpanelletsyoumodifysettings,shrinkvirtualdisks,and connectanddisconnectvirtualdevices.SeeOpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel onpage 116.
VMware, Inc.
101
Installing VMware Tools

TheinstallersforVMwareToolsareinstalledwithWorkstationasISOimagefiles. WhenyouchooseVM>InstallVMwareTools,Workstationtemporarilyconnectsthe virtualmachinesfirstvirtualCDROMdrivetothecorrectISOimagefilefortheguest operatingsystem.Theinstallationprocedurevariesdependingontheoperating system:

InstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestonpage 102 InstallVMwareToolsonaLinuxGuestonpage 106 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuestonpage 108 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuestonpage 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachineonpage 110
Install VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

VMwareToolsissupportedonallWindowsguestoperatingsystems.Beforeyouuse themenucommandtoinstallVMwareTools,performthefollowingtasks,asnecessary:
IfyouarerunningWorkstationonaWindowshostandyourvirtualmachinehas onlyoneCDROMdrive,makesuretheCDROMdriveisconfiguredasanIDEor SCSICDROMdrive.ItcannotbeconfiguredasagenericSCSIdevice.Ifnecessary, addanIDEorSCSICDROMdrivetothevirtualmachine.SeeAdding DVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 246. MakesurethevirtualCDROMdriveisconfiguredtoautodetectaphysicaldrive. ThistaskisnecessaryifyouconnectedthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetoanISO imagefilewhenyouinstalledtheoperatingsystem.Changetheconnectionfrom theISOimagetoautodetectaphysicaldrive.(Withthevirtualmachinepowered off,chooseVM>Settings>CD/DVD>UsePhysicalDrive>Autodetect.) WhenyouinstallVMwareTools,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. IftheguestoperatingsystemisaWindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP, WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,orWindow7operatingsystem,loginasan administrator.AnyusercaninstallVMwareToolsinaWindows 95,Windows98, orWindowsMeguestoperatingsystem.
To install VMware Tools 1 Onthehost,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemis Update VMwareTools.

102 VMware, Inc.
DependingonwhetherAutorunisenabled,oneofthefollowingoccursinsidethe guestoperatingsystem:
IfAutorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,adialogboxappearsafter afewseconds.ItaskswhetheryouwanttoinstallVMwareTools. IfAutorunisnotenabled,thedialogboxdoesnotappearautomatically. Click Start>RunandenterD:\setup\setup.exewhereD:isyourfirst virtualCDROMdrive.
2 3
ClickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldwizard. Followtheonscreeninstructions. OnsomeWindowsoperatingsystems,aftertheSVGAdriverisinstalled,youare promptedtoreboottousethisnewdriver.
Rebootthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
Tochangethedefaultconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMwareToolsControl Panelonpage 116.
Configure the Video Driver on Older Versions of Windows

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinavirtualmachinethathasaWindowsNT, WindowsMe,Windows98,orWindows95operatingsystem,youmightneedto configurethevideodrivermanually.WhenyouclickFinishintheVMwareTools installationwizard,amessageappearsindicatingthatVMwareToolsfailedtoinstall theSVGAdriver. ANotebookwindow,theDisplayProperties/Settingsdialogbox,andamessagebox appear,promptingyoutorebootthemachine. To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 Inthemessageboxthatpromptsyoutoreboot,clickNo. IfyouclickYes,afterthevirtualmachinereboots,runtheVMwareToolsinstaller again(chooseVM>ReinstallVMwareTools).SelecttheRepairoption. The RepairoptionallowstheNotebookwindowtoappearagainsothatthe installercanaccesstheSVGAdriver. 2 FollowtheinstructionsintheNotebookfile. Theinstructionsarespecifictoeachoperatingsystem.Theyprovidestepsfor selectingtheVMwareSVGAdriver,usuallyintheDisplayProperties/Settings dialogbox,andinstallingitfromtheVMwareToolsISOimage.
VMware, Inc.
103
TheEnglishversionoftheinstructionsfromtheNotebookfilearereprintedin KnowledgeBasearticle1001819attheVMwareWebsite.
Automate the Installation of VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinanumberofWindowsvirtualmachines,youcan automateitsinstallation.ThissilentinstallationfeatureusestheMicrosoftWindows Installerruntimeengine. MakesuretheMicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeengineversion2.0orhigheris installedintheguestoperatingsystem. Version2.0orhigherisincludedwithnewerversionsofWindows.Ifyouareinstalling VMwareToolsinolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,checktheversionofthe %WINDIR%\system32\msiexec.exefile. Ifthefileversionisnot2.0orhigher,upgradetheenginebyrunninginstmsiw.exe (instmsia.exeforWindows95orWindows98guests),whichisincludedwiththe VMwareToolsinstaller. FormoreinformationaboutusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,including commandlineoptions,gototheWindowsInstallerpageontheMSDNWebsite. To automate the installation of VMware Tools in a Windows guest 1 MakesurethevirtualmachinesCDROMdriveisconnectedtotheVMwareTools ISOimageandthatitisconfiguredtoconnectwheneveryoupoweronthevirtual machine: a b c d 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>CDROM. IntheDevicestatussection,selecttheConnectatPowerOncheckbox. IntheConnectionsection,selectUseISOimageandbrowsetothe windows.isofile,locatedinthedirectorywhereyouinstalledWorkstation. ClickOK.
(Optional)Intheguestoperatingsystem,suppresspromptsaboutinstalling unsigneddrivers. IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsfromabetaorRC(releasecandidate)versionof Workstation,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofunsigneddrivers.Follow thesestepstosuppresstheseconfirmationprompts.
104
VMware, Inc.
ForallWindowssystemsexceptWindowsVistaandWindows7: a b c d OnthevirtualmachinesdesktoporStartmenu,rightclickMyComputerand chooseProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDriverSigning. IntheDriverSigningOptionsdialogbox,clickIgnoreandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
ForWindowsVista: a b c d OntheStartmenu,rightclickComputerandchooseProperties. SelectAdvancedsystemsettings>Hardware>WindowsUpdateDriver Settings. ClickNevercheckfordriverswhenIconnectadeviceandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
ForWindows7: a b OntheStartmenu,rightclickComputerandchooseProperties. SelectAdvancedsystemsettings>Hardware>DeviceInstallationSettings >No,letmechoosewhattodo>Neverinstalldriversoftwarefrom WindowsUpdate. ClickSaveChanges. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
c d 3
Openacommandpromptandusethefollowingcommandtoinstallsomeorallof theVMwareToolscomponents:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<component>] /qn TRANSFORMS= <path>\1041.msi
Inthiscommand,youcanoptionallyuse REMOVE=<component>ifyoudonot wanttoinstallaparticularcomponent.
VMware, Inc.
105
Table 5-1.
Valid Component Values Toolbox Description VMwareToolscontrolpanelanditsutilities.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromusingVMwareToolsintheguestoperating system.VMwaredoesnotrecommendexcludingthisfeature. IncludestheSVGA,mouse,BusLogic,andvmxnetdrivers.

Drivers
SVGAVMwareSVGAdriver.Excludingthisfeaturelimitsthe displaycapabilitiesofyourvirtualmachine. MouseVMwaremousedriver.Excludingthisfeaturedecreases mouseperformanceinyourvirtualmachine. BuslogicVMwareBusLogicdriver.Ifyourvirtualmachineis configuredtousetheLSILogicdriver,youmightwantto removethisfeature. VMXNetVMwareVMXnetnetworkingdriver.
MemCtl
VMwarememorycontroldriver.Usethisdriverifyouplantouse thisvirtualmachinewithVMwareESXServer.Excludingthis featurehindersthememorymanagementcapabilitiesofthevirtual machinerunningonaVMwareESXServersystem. VMwaresharedfoldersdriver.Usethisdriverifyouplantousethis virtualmachinewithVMwareWorkstation.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromsharingafolderbetweenyourvirtualmachine andtheWorkstationhost.
Hgfs
Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowing onthecommandline:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
TheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,VMXnet,andMemCtlfeaturesarechildrenofthe Driversfeature.Thismeansthatthefollowingcommandskipsinstallationofthe SVGA,mouse,BusLogic,vmxnet,andMemCtldrivers:

msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Drivers /qn
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption.Toexcludeafeature,use itwiththeREMOVEoption.
Install VMware Tools on a Linux Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning.
106
VMware, Inc.
To install VMware Tools on a Linux guest 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 3 Ontheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
SomeLinuxdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,youcanskipthisstep. SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferentdevicenamesororganizethe/dev directorydifferently.IfyourCDROMdriveisnot/dev/cdromorifthemount pointforaCDROMisnot/mnt/cdrom,modifythecommandtoreflectthe conventionsusedbyyourdistribution. 4 Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:

cd /tmp
Ifapreviousinstallationexists,deletethepreviousvmware-tools-distrib directorybeforeinstalling. Thelocationofthisdirectorydependsonwhereyouplaceditduringtheprevious installation.Oftenitisplacedin/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib.
RuntheinstallerandunmounttheCDROMimage.
tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<xxxx>.tar.gz umount /dev/cdrom
Thevalue<xxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheproductrelease. IfyourLinuxdistributionautomaticallymountedtheCDROMs,youdonotneed tousetheunmountportionofthecommand. 7 Runtheinstaller.

cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplaysonthescreen.Press Entertoacceptthedefaultvalue.Theconfigurationfile, vmware-config-tools.pl,runsaftertheinstallerfilefinishesrunning. 8 Logoutoftherootaccount.
VMware, Inc.
107
exit
9 10
(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
11
IfyouareupdatingVMwareTools,rebootthevirtualmachineormanuallyreload thepvscsi,vmxnet,andvmxnet3Linuxkernelmodules. Ifyoureloadthemodules,networkingonthevirtualmachineisinterrupted.
12
Enterthefollowingcommandstorestorethenetwork:
/etc/init.d/network stop rmmod vmxnet modprobe vmxnet /etc/init.d/network start
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 116.
Install VMware Tools in a Solaris Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a Solaris guest 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 3 Ontheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage. Usually,theSolarisvolumemanagervoldmountstheCDROMunder /cdrom/vmwaretools.IftheCDROMisnotmounted,restartthevolume managerusingthefollowingcommands:
/etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.d/volmgt start
AftertheCDROMismounted,changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp) andextractVMwareToolsbyenteringthefollowingcommands:
cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
108
VMware, Inc.
RuntheVMwareToolstarinstaller:
Respondtotheconfigurationprompts.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue. 6 Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
7 8
vmware-user
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 116.
Install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD guest 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 Makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisrunningintextmode. YoucannotinstallVMwareToolswhileXisrunning. 3 4 Ontheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /cdrom
SomeFreeBSDdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,skipthisstep. 5 Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:

cd /tmp
UntartheVMwareToolstarfile:
tar zxpf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
VMware, Inc.
109
Ifnecessary,unmounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
umount /cdrom
Ifyourdistributionusesautomounting,skipthisstep. 8 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
10 11
vmware-user
InminimalinstallationsoftheFreeBSD4.5guestoperatingsystem,sometimes VMwareToolsdoesnotstart. TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 116.
Install VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a NetWare virtual machine 1 Onthehost,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools. 2 Ontheguest,loadtheCDROMdriversotheCDROMdevicemountsthe ISO imageasavolumebydoingoneofthefollowing:
ForaNetWare6.5virtualmachineinthesystemconsole,enter:
LOAD CDDVD
ForaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
ForaNetWare4.2virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
VMware, Inc.
110
load cdrom
MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimagebyentering:
cd mount vmwtools
Inthesystemconsole,enteroneofthefollowing:
ForNetWare5.1,6.0,or6.5:
vmwtools:\setup.ncf
ForNetWare4.2:
vmwtools:\setup
Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheLoggerScreen(NetWare6.5andNetWare6.0guests)orthe ConsoleScreen(NetWare4.2and5.1guests). 4 IfyouhaveaNetWare4.2guest,restarttheguestoperatingsystem,asfollows: a Toshutdownthesystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
down
Torestarttheguestoperatingsystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
restart server
MakesuretheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage(netware.iso)isnot attachedtothevirtualmachine. Ifitisattached,disconnectit.RightclicktheCDROMiconinthestatusbarofthe consolewindowandchooseDisconnect.
Start the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager on UNIX
OneoftheexecutablesusedbyVMwareToolsinUNIXguestsisvmware-user. This programimplementsthefitguesttowindowfeatureandUnitymode,among otherfeatures. Normally,vmware-userisstartedautomaticallyafteryouconfigureVMwareTools andthenlogoutofthedesktopenvironmentandlogbackin.Youmuststartthe vmware-userprocessmanuallyinthefollowingenvironments:
IfyourunanXsessionwithoutasessionmanager(forexample,byusingstartx andgettingadesktopandnotusingxdm,kdm,orgdm) IfyouareusingcertainolderversionsofGNOMEwithoutgdmorxdm
VMware, Inc.
111
Ifyouareusinganysessionmanagerorenvironmentthatdoesnotsupportthe DesktopApplicationAutostartSpecification,availablefrom http://standards.freedesktop.org
To start the VMware User process manually if you do not use a session manager Dooneofthefollowing:
Tohavevmware-userstartwhenyoustartanXsession,addvmware-usertothe appropriateXstartupscript,suchasthe.xsessionor.xinitrcfile. Thevmware-userprogramislocatedinthedirectorywhereyouselectedtoinstall binaryprograms,whichdefaultsto/usr/bin.Thestartupscriptthatneedstobe modifieddependsonyourparticularsystem.
Tostartvmware-userafteraVMwareToolssoftwareupdateorifyounotice certainfeaturesarenotworking,openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowing command:

vmware-user
VMware Tools Update Process

TheguestoperatingsystemchecksforVMwareToolsupdateswhenyoupowerona virtualmachine.WhenyouupdatefromaversionofVMwareToolsincludedwith Workstation4.x,5.x,6.x,thepreviousversionofVMwareToolsmightbeuninstalled. ForVMwareToolsupdatesonLinuxandWindowsguests,youcansettheguestto updateautomaticallyoryoucanperformamanualupdate.Onotherguests,youmust manuallyupdate. WhenyouupdateVMwareTools,anychangesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsare overwritten.Anycustomscriptsyoucreatedremainuntouched,butdonotbenefit fromanyunderlyingchangesthatenhancethedefaultscripts.
How Automatic Updates Occur

OnWindowsandLinuxguestsystems,youcansetVMwareToolstoupdateitselfwhen thevirtualmachineispoweredon.ThestatusbardisplaysthemessageInstalling VMware Tools . . .whenanupdateisinprogress.Aftertheupdateiscomplete,if youareloggedintoaWindowsguest,arestartpromptappearsfor30seconds.Ifyou arenotloggedin,theoperatingsystemrestartswithoutprompting.
112
VMware, Inc.
Anautoupdatecheckisperformedaspartofthebootsequencewhenyoupowerona virtualmachine.Ifthevirtualmachinewassuspendedandyouresumeitorrestoreit toasnapshotduringthebootsequencebeforethischeckoccurs,theautomaticupdate occursasplanned. Ifyouresumethevirtualmachineorrestoreittoasnapshotaftertheautoupdatecheck occurs,theautomaticupdatedoesnotoccur. Formoreinformationaboutautomaticupdates,seeUseGlobalSettingstoUpdate VMwareToolsAutomaticallyonpage 113andSetAutoupdateOptionsforEach VirtualMachineonpage 114.
How You Are Notified to Do a Manual Update

OnWindowsandLinuxguests,youcanspecifythatnoautomaticupdateshouldoccur. Onotheroperatingsystems,automaticupdatesarenotpossible.Inthesecases,perform amanualupdate. Thestatusbaroftheguestsystemdisplaysamessagewhenanewversionisavailable. Toinstalltheupdate,usethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMwareTools thefirsttime.OnLinuxguests,theVMwareUserprocess(vmware-user)doesnot restartfollowinganupdateuntilyoulaunchitmanuallyorlogoutofyourwindow managerandloginagain. OnWindows,youcanalternativelyopentheVMwareToolscontrolpanel(doubleclick theVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar),andontheOptionstab, clickUpdate.
Use Global Settings to Update VMware Tools Automatically

ToautomaticallyupdateVMwareToolsformostorallWindowsorLinuxguestswhen thevirtualmachinestarts,configuretheglobalpreferencefirstandthenconfigurethe pervirtualmachineupdateoptiontousethatglobalpreference. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouuseaLinuxhost,becomeroot(su)beforestartingWorkstation. OnLinuxsystems,nonrootusersarenotallowedtomodifythepreferencesettingfor VMwareToolsupdates. To use global settings to update VMware Tools automatically 1 2 3 StartWorkstation. ChooseEdit>PreferencesandclicktheUpdatestab. UndertheVMwareToolsupdatessection,selectthecheckboxandclickOK.
VMware, Inc.
113
Foreachofyourvirtualmachines,dothefollowing: a b c d Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectTools. SelectUpdateautomaticallyatnextpoweronandclickOK.
Set Autoupdate Options for Each Virtual Machine

UsethisproceduretooverrideglobalsettingsforautomaticallyupdatingVMware ToolsonLinuxandWindowsguests. AutomaticupdatesworkforversionsofVMwareToolsincludedinWorkstation5.5and above(build29772andabove).AutomaticupdatesdonotworkforversionsofVMware ToolsincludedinvirtualmachinescreatedwithVMwareServer1.x. To set autoupdate options for each virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelecttheLinuxorWindowsvirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectTools. SelectanupdateoptionandclickOK. Toinstalltheupdate,usethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMware Toolsthefirsttime.Fortheplatformspecificinstallationinstructions,see InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102.
Update VMware Tools in Older Windows Virtual Machines

WhenaMicrosoftinstallerperformsanupdate,itupdatesonlythecomponentsthatit findsalreadyinstalled.Itdoesnotaddnewcomponents.IfyouupdateVMwareTools inaWindowsvirtualmachinethatwascreatedwithWorkstation5.x,somenew componentsarenotinstalled.Specifically,theWorkstation6.xcomponentforfile sharinganddragginganddroppingfilesisnotinstalled. Togetthenewcomponents,youmustuninstalltheoldversionofVMwareToolsand installthenewversionofVMwareTools.
114
VMware, Inc.
To update VMware Tools in older Windows virtual machines 1 2 TouninstalltheoldversionofVMwareTools,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsitem intheguestsControlPanel. ToinstallthenewversionofVMwareTools,seeInstallingVMwareToolson page 102.
Uninstall VMware Tools

Occasionally,anupdateofVMwareToolsisincomplete.Youcanusuallysolvethe problembyuninstallingVMwareToolsandthenreinstalling. To uninstall VMware Tools Dependingontheguestoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing:
OnmostWindowsguests,usetheguestoperatingsystemsAdd/Remove ProgramsitemtoremoveVMwareTools. OnWindowsVista,Windows7,andServer2008guests,usetheguestoperating systemsPrograms and Features>UninstallaprogramitemtoremoveVMware Tools.
OnanyUNIXguest,logonasroot(su)andenterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
OnaLinuxguestthathasVMwareToolsinstalledbyusinganRPMinstaller,you canuninstallbyusingthefollowingcommand:
rpm -e VMwareTools
Repair or Change Installed Modules in a Windows Guest

IffeatureslikeenhancedfilesharingdonotworkafteraVMwareToolsupdate,you mightneedtochangeorrepairinstalledmodules.Besuretofollowthesesteps.Donot usetheguestsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemintheWindowsControlPanel. To repair or change installed modules 1 2 InWorkstation,selectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>ReinstallVMware Tools. OntheWelcomepage,clickNextanddooneofthefollowing:
ClickChangetorepairormodifywhichmodulesofVMwareToolsare installed.
VMware, Inc.
115
ClickModifytospecifywhichmodulesareinstalled. Occasionally,somenewmodulesarenotinstalledduringanupdate.Youcan manuallyinstallnewmodulesbyusingtheModifyoption.
Completetherestofthepagesofthewizard.
Iffeaturesstilldonotwork,uninstallVMwareToolsandreinstall.
Open the VMware Tools Control Panel

UsetheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltomodifyVMwareToolsconfigurationsettings, shrinkvirtualdisks,andconnectanddisconnectvirtualdevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,logintotheoperatingsystemasan Administratoruser. To open the VMware Tools control panel Dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowsguests,doubleclickVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaof theguestsWindowstaskbar. IfyoucannotfindtheVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationarea,usetheguests WindowsControlPaneltodisplayit.
OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,openaterminalwindowandenterthe command:
/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox &
OnNetWareguests,dooneofthefollowing:
InaNetWare5.1orhigherguest,chooseNovell>Settings>VMwareTools forNetWare. InaNetWare4.2guest,useVMwareToolscommandsinthesystemconsole. TheVMwareToolsprogramiscalledvmwtool.
Use the Windows Control Panel to Display the Taskbar Icon

IfVMwareToolsisinstalledinaWindowsguestoperatingsystembutthe VMware ToolsicondoesnotappearinthenotificationareaoftheWindowstaskbar, youcanusetheWindowsControlPaneltodisplayit.
116
VMware, Inc.
To use the Windows Control Panel to display the taskbar icon 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel. DoubleclicktheVMwareToolsicon. OntheOptionstab,selectShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbarandclickApply.
Options Tab Settings

TheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesthefollowingoptions:
Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemSetsthetimeoftheguestoperatingsystemtobethesameasthetimeof thehostandthenperiodically(everyminute)checkswhethertheguestoperating systemstimematchesthatofthehosts.Ifnot,theclockontheguestis synchronizedtomatchtheclockonthehost. Iftheclockontheguestfallsbehindtheclockonthehost,VMwareToolsmoves theclockontheguestforwardtomatchtheclockonthehost.Iftheclockonthe guestisaheadofthatonthehost,VMwareToolscausestheclockontheguestto runmoreslowlyuntiltheclocksaresynchronized. Ifyouusethisoption,disableallothertimesynchronizationmechanisms.For example,someguestsmighthaveNTPorCMOSclocksynchronizationturnedon bydefault. RegardlessofwhetheryouturnonVMwareToolsperiodictimesynchronization, timesynchronizationoccurswhentheVMwareToolsdaemonisstarted(suchas duringarebootorpoweronoperation),whenresumingavirtualmachinefroma suspendoperation,afterrevertingtoasnapshot,andaftershrinkingadisk.When theoperatingsystemstartsorreboots,andwhenyoufirstturnonperiodictime synchronization,synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardorbackwardintime. For otherevents,synchronizationisforwardintime. Todisabletimesynchronizationcompletely,seeDisableTimeSynchronizationby EditingtheVirtualMachineConfigurationFileonpage 118.
ShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbar(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar.Theiconindicates whetherVMwareToolsisrunningandwhetheranupdateisavailable. Notifyifupdateisavailable(Windowsguestsonly)DisplaystheVMwareTools iconwithayellowcautioniconwhenanupdateisavailable.
VMware, Inc.
117
Updatebutton(Windowsguestsonly)Becomesenabledwhenanupdateis available.ClickingthisbuttonhasthesameeffectaschoosingVM>Update VMwareToolsfromtheWorkstationmenubar.
Disable Time Synchronization by Editing the Virtual Machine Configuration File

Avirtualmachineoccasionallysynchronizestimewiththehostevenifyouusethe VMwareToolscontrolpanel(Optionstab)todisableperiodictimesynchronization. Youcandisabletimesynchronizationcompletelybyeditingthevirtualmachine configurationfile. Youcanfollowthesestepstokeepafictitioustimeinyourguest,sothattheguestis neversynchronizedwiththehost. To disable time synchronization by editing the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx)inatexteditorandsetthe followingoptionstoFALSE.
Table 5-2.
Option Name tools.syncTime time.synchronize.continue time.synchronize.restore time.synchronize.resume.disk time.synchronize.shrink time.synchronize.tools.startup Synchronization Occurs During the Following Event Periodically(normallyonceperminute). Time synchronizationisonlyforwardintime. Takingasnapshot.Timesynchronizationisonly forwardintime. Revertingtoasnapshot.Timesynchronization isonlyforwardintime. Resumingasuspendedvirtualmachine. Time synchronizationisonlyforwardintime. Shrinkingavirtualdisk.Timesynchronization isonlyforwardintime. Bootingtheguestoperatingsystem. Time synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardor backwardintime.
Saveandclosethefile.
118
VMware, Inc.
Devices Tab Settings

TheDevicestaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforenablingand connectingtoremovabledevicessuchasfloppydrives,DVD/CDROMdrives, ISO images,USBdevices,soundadapters,andnetworkadapters.Bydefault,floppy driveisnotconnectedwhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. Thecontrolsforconnectinganddisconnectingdevicesmightnotbeavailable, dependingonwhetheryoursystemadministratorenabledthem. Youmightnotseeaparticularnetworkadapterlistedthatshouldappearinthelist. If thishappens,editthevirtualmachinesettingstoremoveallnetworkadaptersfrom thelistandthenaddthembacktothelist. BesidesusingtheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltoconnectordisconnectadevice,you canrightclickthedeviceiconinthestatusbarofthevirtualmachinewindow.SeeUse RemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 177.
Scripts Tab Settings

FromtheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,youcanedit,disable,orrun scriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperationswhenyouchangethe virtualmachinespowerstate. Fromthistab,youcanalsospecifythelocationofcustomscriptsfortheSuspend, Resume,PowerOn,PowerOff,andResetbuttons. Onmostguestoperatingsystems,ifVMwareToolsisinstalledandifyouconfigurea virtualmachinespowercontrolstousetheguestoptions,oneormoredefaultscripts runontheguestwheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine. Forexample,ifyouusethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings> Options>Power)andsetthePowerOffcontroltouseShutdownGuest,thenthe poweroff-vm-defaultscriptrunswhenyouclickthePowerOffbuttoninthe Workstationtoolbar.Thisscriptcausestheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdown gracefully. Scriptscanberunonmostguestoperatingsystems,butnotonWindows95,NetWare, andFreeBSDguests.SeeRunorDisableaScriptonpage 124.
Shrink Tab Settings

TheShrinktaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforreclaiming unusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifyourvirtualmachinecannotbeshrunk,thistab displaysinformationexplainingwhyyoucannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks.
VMware, Inc.
119
Shrinkingadiskisatwostepprocess:apreparationstepandtheshrinkstep.Inthefirst step,VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeletedfiles) andpreparesthemforshrinking.Thissteptakesplaceintheguestoperatingsystem. Theshrinkprocessisthesecondstep,andittakesplaceoutsidethevirtualmachine. TheVMwareapplicationreducesthesizeofthediskbasedonthediskspacereclaimed duringthepreparationstep.Ifthediskhasemptyspace,thisprocessreducesthe amountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.SeeCompactaVirtual Diskonpage 236. OnUNIXguests,runVMwareToolsastherootuser(su)toshrinkvirtualdisks.Ifyou shrinkthevirtualdiskasanonrootuser,youcannotpreparetoshrinkthepartsofthe virtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
About Tab
TheAbouttabdisplaysversion(buildnumber)andcopyrightinformation. In Windowsguests,thistabalsoshowsthestatusoftheVMwareToolsservice.
Configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest

InaNetWarevirtualmachine,usingthesystemconsole,youcanconfigurecertain virtualmachineoptionssuchastimesynchronization,CPUidling,anddevice configurationwithVMwareTools.TheVMwareToolscommandlineprogramiscalled vmwtool. To configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest 1 2 Openaterminalwindow(systemconsole)intheNetWareguest. Enteracommandthatusesthefollowingformat:
vmwtool <command>
<command>isoneofthecommandslistedinTable 53. Table 5-3. vmwtool Commands

vmwtool Command help partitonlist Description DisplaysasummaryofVMwareToolscommandsand optionsinaNetWareguest. Displaysalistofalldiskpartitionsinthevirtualdisk andwhetherornotapartitioncanbeshrunk.
120
VMware, Inc.
Table 5-3. vmwtool Commands (Continued)

vmwtool Command shrink [<partition>] Description Shrinksthelistedpartitions.Ifnopartitionsare specified,allpartitionsinthevirtualdiskareshrunk. Thestatusoftheshrinkprocessappearsatthebottom ofthesystemconsole. devicelist Listseachremovabledeviceinthevirtualmachine,its deviceID,andwhetherthedeviceisenabledor disabled.Removabledevicesincludethevirtual networkadapter,CDROM,andfloppydrives.By default,floppydriveisnotconnectedwhenthevirtual machinepowerson. Disablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachinearedisabled. Enablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachineareenabled. Letsyouturnonoroffsynchronizationoftimeinthe guestoperatingsystemwithtimeonthehostoperating system.By default,timesynchronizationisturnedoff. Usethiscommandwithoutanyoptionstoviewthe currenttimesynchronizationstatus. idle [on|off] LetsyouturntheCPUidleronoroff.Bydefault,the idleristurnedon.TheCPUidlerprogramisincluded inVMwareToolsforNetWareguests. TheidlerprogramisneededbecauseNetWareservers donotidletheCPUwhentheoperatingsystemisidle. Asaresult,avirtualmachinetakesCPUtimefromthe hostregardlessofwhethertheNetWareserver softwareisidleorbusy.
disabledevice [<device name>] enabledevice [<device name>] synctime [on|off]
Customizations to VMware Tools

Customizationsincludemodifyingorwritingscriptsthatrunwhenavirtualmachines powerstatechanges,executingcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestartaUNIX guest,andpassingcommandsinstringsthatruninstartupscripts.
VMware, Inc.
121
How VMware Tools Scripts Affect Power States

WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled,ifyouconfigureavirtualmachinespowercontrolsto usetheguest,orsoft,poweroptions,oneormoredefaultscriptsrunontheguest wheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Youchangethepower statebyusingmenucommandsorbyclickingtheSuspend,Resume,PowerOn,and PowerOffbuttons. Whatthedefaultscriptsdodependsinpartontheguestoperatingsystem:
OnmostMicrosoftWindowsguests,butnotwindowsNTandWindowsMe,the defaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtualmachinereleasestheIP addressofthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyouresumea virtualmachinerenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine(thisaffectsonly virtualmachinesconfiguredtouseDHCP).ScriptscannotberunonWindows95 guests. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder.
OnmostUNIXguests,thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtual machinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecuted whenyouresumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. ScriptscannotberunonNetWareandFreeBSDguests. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory.
Youcancreateyourownscriptsandusetheminsteadofthedefaultscriptsshownin Table 54. Table 5-4. Default VMware Tools Scripts

Script Name poweroff-vm-default Description Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroffoperationtoshutdowntheguest, thisscriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredoff. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingreset. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. poweron-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredonrather thanresumed. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runsaftervirtualmachinerestarts. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.
122
VMware, Inc.
Table 5-4. Default VMware Tools Scripts (Continued)

Script Name resume-vm-default Description Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,orthe resetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscriptrunswhenthevirtual machineisresumedafteritwassuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptrenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstartsnetworking forthevirtualmachine. suspend-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthesuspendoperationtosuspendtheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingsuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptreleasestheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstopsnetworking forthevirtualmachine.
Create Scripts to Override Default VMware Tools Scripts

YoucancreateyourownscriptstooverridethedefaultVMwareToolsscriptsthat controlpowerstatechanges. ScriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon(vmtoolsd.exe onWindowsand vmtoolsdonUNIX).BecausevmtoolsdisrunasrootonUNIXandasSystemon Windows,thescriptsareruninaseparatesessionfromtheloggedinuserssession. TheVMwareToolsdaemonhasnoknowledgeofdesktopsessions,whichmeansthat itcannotdisplaygraphicalapplications.Donotattempttousecustomscriptstodisplay graphicalapplications. Beforecreatingcustomscripts,makesurethatthefollowingconditionsaremetinthe guestoperatingsystem:

ThevirtualmachineisusingthelatestversionofVMwareTools. TheVMwareToolsserviceisrunninginthevirtualmachine. Dependingontheoperationthescriptperforms,thevirtualmachinehasavirtual networkadapterconnected.Ifnot,thepoweroperationfails. (UNIXguestsonly)ToeditascriptbyusingtheEditbuttonontheScriptstab, xtermandvimustbeinstalledintheguestoperatingsystemandmustbeinyour PATH.Youmustbearootusertoeditthescript.
VMware, Inc.
123
To create scripts to override default VMware Tools scripts 1 Determinewhetheryouwanttocreateyourcustomscriptbymakingchangesto thedefaultscriptandsavingittoanewlocation. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory. 2 Modifythedefaultscriptandsaveitwithadifferentnameorwriteadifferent script. OnWindowsguests,ifyouwriteanewscript,createthescriptasabatchfile. For UNIX,createthescriptinanyexecutableformat(suchasshellorPerlscripts). YoucanalsousetheEditbuttonontheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol paneltoeditacustomscript.Youcanalsoeditscriptsmanuallyusinganytext editor. 3 Associateeachcustomscriptwithitsparticularpoweroperation: a b c OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriate scriptevent. SelecttheUseScriptcheckbox,selectCustomscript,andusetheBrowse buttontopointtothescriptyouwanttouse. ClickOK.
WhenyoureinstallVMwareToolsafteryouupdatetheWorkstationsoftware,any changesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsareoverwritten.Anycustomscriptsyou createdremainuntouched,butdonotbenefitfromanyunderlyingchangesthat enhancethedefaultscripts.
Run or Disable a Script

Ifyouarecreatingacustomscript,runthescriptbeforeassociatingitwithapower operation. To run or disable a script 1 2 OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriatescript event. Dooneofthefollowing:
Todisablethescript,cleartheUseScriptcheckboxandclickOK.
124
VMware, Inc.
Defaultscriptsforsuspendingandresumingworktogether.Ifyoudisablethe scriptofoneoftheseactions,disablethescriptfortheotheractionaswell.
Torunascriptimmediately,clickRunNow. YoucansuccessfullyrunascriptbyclickingtheRunNowbuttoninthe VMwareToolscontrolpanel,butthissamescriptcanfailwhenrunaspartof aWorkstationpoweroperation.ThisisbecausescriptsrunbyclickingRun Nowarerunastheloggedinuserandhaveadifferentworkingdirectorythan whenscriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon duringapower operation.
Execute Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine

InaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,youcanusetheVMwareToolsservicetoexecute specificcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestarttheguestoperatingsystem.Thisis inadditiontoanyscriptthatyouspecifiedtorunwhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem. 1 Useatexteditortoopenthefollowingfile:
/etc/vmware-tools/tools.conf
Addoneorbothofthefollowingcommandstothefile:
halt-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem.
reboot-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyourestarttheguestoperating system.
Passing a String from the Host to the Guest at Startup

Topassastringfromthehosttotheguestatstartup,youpassthestringfromyour virtualmachinesconfigurationfileinthehosttotheguestoperatingsystemwhenyou poweronthevirtualmachine. YoucanpassitemsliketheWindowssystemID(SID),amachinename,oran IP address.Insidetheguestoperatingsystemstartupscript,youcanhavetheservice retrievethisstring.Thestringcanthenbeusedinanotherscripttosetyourvirtual machinessystemID,machinename,orIPaddress.
VMware, Inc.
125
Usethisstrategy,forexample,tomakecopiesofthesameconfigurationfile,adda differentstringtoeach(eitherintheconfigurationfileitselforatthecommandline), andusethesevariationsofthesameconfigurationfiletolaunchthesamevirtualdisk innonpersistentmodemultipletimesinatrainingortestingenvironment. Passingastringisalsousefulwhenyouwanttodeployvirtualmachinesonanetwork usingacommonconfigurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownunique identity. Youcanpassstringstoavirtualmachinesguestoperatingsysteminoneoftwoways: placingthestringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileorpassingthestringtothe guestfromthecommandline. Usethisfeatureonlyifyouhaveagoodunderstandingofascriptinglanguage(for example,PerlorNetShell)andknowhowtomodifysystemstartupscripts.
String in a Configuration File

Placeastringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)bysettingthestring tothemachine.idparameter.Forexample,youcansetthisstring:
machine.id = "Hello World."
Followingisanexampleofportionsoftwoconfigurationfilesthatpointtothesame virtualdisk.Eachconfigurationfilecontainsitsownuniquestringsetforthe machine.idparameter. config_file_1.vmxcontains:

ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_first_vm"
config_file_2.vmxcontains:
ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm"
Topreventastringfrombeingpassedfromthehosttotheguestthroughtheservice, setthefollowinglineinyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile:
isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = "TRUE"
String in a Startup Command

Ratherthansettingthemachine.idparameterintheconfigurationfile,youcanpass thestringtotheguestoperatingsystemfromthecommandlinewhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine.Followingisanexampleofsuchastartupcommand(enteredon oneline):
126 VMware, Inc.
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=Hello World' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Usethismethodtodeployvirtualmachinesonanetworkusingacommon configurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownuniqueidentity. Launcheachvirtualmachinewiththevmware -scommand.Eachvirtualmachinedisk filemustbecopiedintoitsowndirectoryifitsharesitsfilenamewithanothervirtual machinediskfile. OnaLinuxhost,themachineIDpassedonthecommandlinetakesprecedenceandis passedtotheguestoperatingsystemifthefollowingconditionsaremet:
AvirtualmachineIDisspecifiedinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file whichisusedtoopenthevirtualmachine. YouspecifyamachineIDonthecommandline.
Use a String in a Startup Script to Set a Name and IP Address

ThefollowingexampleusesaWindowshosttoillustratehowyoucanusetheservice toretrieveastringcontainingwhatbecomesthevirtualmachinesmachinenameand IPaddress.Inthisexample,W2KVMisthemachinenameand148.30.16.24isthe IP address. To use a string in a startup script to set a name and IP address 1 Definethestringbyusingoneofthefollowingmethods:
Onthehostmachine,addthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile):
machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24"
Openthevirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile.
Openthevirtualmachinefromthecommandlinebyenteringthefollowing ononeline:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=W2K-VM 148.30.16.24' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Dooneofthefollowingtoretrievethestringinthevirtualmachine:
InaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingcommandtoretrievethestring:
vmtoolsd --cmd machine.id.get
VMware, Inc.
127
InaLinuxguest,intheoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection.Forexample:
/usr/sbin/vmtoolsd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Thelocationofvmtoolsddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthetimeof installation. 3 Furthercustomizethisstartupscriptsothatitusesthestringtheserviceretrieved duringstartuptosetthevirtualmachinesnetworknametoW2KVMandits IP addressto148.30.16.24. Placethisstringinthescriptbeforethecommandtostartthenetworkservices. IfyoureusingaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem,forexample,youcancall theNetShellutility(netsh)andpassitthecontentsofthestring,whichusesthe stringaccordingly.Thatis,itcansetanewIPaddressforthevirtualmachine,if thatiswhatwaspassedinthestringoriginally.
Passing Information Between the Guest and Another Program

TheVMwareToolsserviceallowsyoutouseVMwareprogrammaticinterfacesto managevirtualmachinesfromyourownindependentprogramsandfromexisting frameworksdevelopedbypartnersandthirdparties. FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareInfrastructureSDK,gototheVMwareAPIs andSDKsDocumentationpageoftheVMwareWebsite.
Use the VMware Tools Service Command-Line Interface

TheVMwareToolscommandlineinterfaceenablesyoutodothefollowing:
ConfiguretimesynchronizationinyourLinuxguestoperatingsystemwithout runningX. UpgradeanduninstallVMwareTools,determinetheversion,andsoon.
To use the VMware Tools command-line interface 1 Ontheguestoperatingsystem,changedirectoriestothedirectorythatcontainsthe VMwareToolsdaemon. Dependingontheoperatingsystem,thenameanddefaultlocationofthedaemon areasfollows:
OnMicrosoftWindowssystems,thedaemoniscalledvmtoolsd.exeandthe locationis:
128
VMware, Inc.
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe
OnUNIXsystems,thedaemoniscalledvmtoolsd. Thelocationofvmtoolsd dependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthetimeofinstallation.Thedefault locationis:

/usr/sbin/vmtoolsd
Toconfigureperiodictimesynchronization,usethevmx.set_optioncommand. Usethefollowingsyntax: <daemon> --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime <old_val> <new_val>" <daemon>isvmtoolsdonUNIXsystemsorvmtoolsd.exeonWindowssystems. <old_val>and<new_val>aretheoldandnewvalues,respectively.Use0tomean FALSEand1tomeanTRUE. FollowingisanexampleofsettingtimesynchronizationtoTRUEonaLinuxguest:
./vmtoolsd --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime 0 1"
Thenewsettingiswrittentothetools.syncTimepropertyinthevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Usingthisoptionisequivalenttousingthe timesynchronizationoptionontheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol panel. 3 Tousecommandsotherthan--cmd,usethe--helpcommandlinecommand.
VMware, Inc.
129
130
VMware, Inc.
Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
Thischapterdescribeshowtoconvertaphysicalmachine,virtualmachine,orsystem imagetoaVMwarevirtualmachine.OnWindowshosts,youcanconvertavirtual machinethatwascreatedbyusingaVMwareproductorathirdpartyproduct. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormatsonpage 131 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizardonpage 133 SupportedSourceMachinesonpage 133 SupportedDestinationsonpage 138 ConversionImpactonSettingsonpage 140 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImageonpage 141 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImageonpage 142
Conversion Process for Importing from Other Formats

On Windowshosts,Workstation7.0incorporatestheConversionwizardfromthe VMwareConverterproduct.UsingtheConversionwizardtoperformaconversionto VMwarevirtualmachinesenablesyoutodothefollowing:
Avoidreinstallingoperatingsystemsandapplicationsforsystemconfigurations youuseoften. Overcomelegacymigrationbarriers.Certainlegacysystemsmightbeimpossible torecreatethroughreinstallation. Convertaphysicalmachineintoavirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
131
Usevirtualmachinesorsystemimagescreatedwithproductsfromother companiessuchasNorton,Symantec,andStorageCraft. Convertvirtualappliancesthatuseopenvirtualizationformat(OVF).
Workstationprovidesthreewaystoconvertavirtualmachineorsystemimage:
UsingtheFile>Opencommandconvertsandopensavirtualmachineorsystem imagequickly.Workstationusesdefaultsettingstomaketheconversion automatically,withnoinputrequiredfromyou.TheoriginalMicrosoftVirtualPC, SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,StorageCraftShadowProtect,orAcronis TrueImage(.vmc,.spf,.sv2i,or.tib)fileisunchanged. Forallsupportedfiletypesexcept.ovfand.ovafiles,theFile>Opencommand createsalinkedclonewhenitopensthefile.Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethat uses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesafullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
UsingtheFile>ImportorExportcommandstartstheConversionwizard.Itlets youspecifytheconvertedvirtualmachineslocation,whetherornottheconverted virtualmachinesharesvirtualdiskswiththeoriginalvirtualmachineorsystem image,andwhichversionsofVMwareproductstheconvertedvirtualmachineis tobecompatiblewith.
ThewizardcreatesacompletelynewVMwarevirtualmachinebasedontheinput virtualmachineorsystemimage.ThenewlymigratedVMwarevirtualmachineretains theconfigurationoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorimage. Themigrationprocesscanbenondestructive,soyoucancontinuetousetheoriginal virtualmachinewithMicrosoftVirtualPC,ortheoriginalsystemimagewithSymantec BackupExecSystemRecovery.However,torunanewVMwarevirtualmachineonthe samenetworkastheoriginalVirtualPCvirtualmachine,youmustmodifythenetwork nameandIPaddressononeofthevirtualmachinessotheoriginalandnewvirtual machinescancoexist. ForMicrosoftVirtualPCandMicrosoftVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhavethe optionofsharingthesourcevirtualharddisk(.vhd)files.ThismeansthattheVMware virtualmachinecanwritedirectlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtual harddisk(.vmdk)files.
132
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
VMware Converter Compared to the Conversion Wizard

Workstation7.0incorporatestheConversionwizardfromtheVMwareConverter product.VMwareConverterisaseparatedownloadableapplicationforWindowshosts thatprovidesaneasytouse,scalablesolutionformigrationsofmachines,bothphysical tovirtualandvirtualtovirtual.InadditiontotheConversionwizard,VMware Converterprovidesataskmanagerthatletsyouschedulemigrationsofmanymachines. TheConversionwizardincludedwithWorkstationletsyoucreateVMwarevirtual machinesfromalocalorremotephysicalmachineorfromvirtualmachinesandsystem imagesthatwereoriginallycreatedbyusingotherproductsthanVMwareproducts. YoucanalsousethewizardtochangeavirtualmachineusingoneVMwareformatto thatusinganother.Forexample,youcancopyaVMwareServervirtualmachineand useittocreateanESXvirtualmachine. TouseotherfeaturesofVMwareConverter,suchasitstaskmanager,ortheabilityto importmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,downloadtheVMwareConverter.
Supported Source Machines

TheVMwareConversionwizardinWorkstationallowsyoutoimportthefollowing typesofphysicalandvirtualmachines:
Physicalmachines

WindowsServer200332bitand64bit WindowsXPProfessional32bitand64bit WindowsVista32bitand64bit Windows7Professional32bitand64bit Windows7Enterprise32bitand64bit Windows7Ultimate32bitand64bit
VMwarevirtualmachines(.vmxand.vmtnfiles)

Workstation4.5,5.x,6.x,and7.0 VMwareACE1.x,2.x,and2.6 VMwareFusion1.x,2.0.x,and3.0 VMwarePlayer1.x,2.x,and3.0 ESXServer3.x ESXServer2.5.x(ifthevirtualmachineismanagedwithVirtualCenter2.x)

133
VMware, Inc.
VMwareServer1.xand2.0.x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter2.x
Virtualappliances Appliancesthatuseopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfand.ovafiles)andthatuse VMwarevirtualharddisks(.vmdkfiles).
Othervirtualmachinesandsystemimages

AcronisTrueImage9(.tibfiles) StorageCraftShadowProtect(.spffiles) MicrosoftVirtualPC7.xandhigher(.vmcfiles) AnyversionofMicrosoftVirtualServer(.vmcfiles) SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery(formerlyLiveStateRecovery) 6.5 and7.0,LiveStateRecovery3.0and6.0(.sv2ifiles) NortonGhostimages9.xandhigher(.sv2ifiles)
TheoperatingsystemonthesourceMicrosoftVirtual PCorVirtual Servervirtual machinemustbeaWindows2000orlaterguestoperatingsystemsupportedbythe intendedVMwareplatform(forexample,Workstation4,5.x,or6).Forguest operatingsystemsupport,knownissues,andinstallationinstructions,seethe onlineVMwareCompatibilityGuide.GototheVMwareWebsiteandselect Resources>CompatibilityGuides,andclicktheViewtheGuest/HostOStabon theVMwareCompatibilityGuideWebsitelink. NOTEVirtualmachinesfromMacintoshversionsofMicrosoftVirtualPCarenot supported.
Operating System Compatibility

Toimportavirtualorphysicalmachineorathirdpartyimage,theoperatingsystemon whichWorkstationisinstalledmustbeequaltoorgreaterthantheoperatingsystemon thesourcemachine.Forexample,ifWorkstationisinstalledonaWindows 2000 machine,youcannotimportavirtualmachinefromaWindows XPorWindows 2003 sourcemachine.
Importing from Various Sources

KeepthesepointsinmindwhenusingtheConversionwizard.
134
VMware, Inc.
Physical Machine Source

Toimportaremotemachine,youarepromptedtosupplythecomputernameor IP addressandtheusernameandpasswordforloggingintothemachinewith administrativeprivileges.Theusernamemusttaketheform<DOMAIN>\<user_name>. NOTERemotephysicalmachinescannotbeimportedintoanESXcompatibleformat bythewizard.
Microsoft Virtual PC and Virtual Server Virtual Hard Disks

AsofWorkstation7.0,aconvertedvirtualmachinecansharethesourceMicrosoft virtualharddisk(.vhdfiles).ThismeansthattheVMwarevirtualmachinecanwrite directlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtualharddisk(.vmdk)files. IfyouselectSharesourcetheconvertedvirtualmachineconsistsofaVMwarevirtual machineconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)andtheoriginal.vhdfile,whichremainsinits originallocation.VMwaremodifiesthe.vhdfile,installingVMwarespecificvideo drivers,devicedriversforvirtualnetworkcards,andsoon.TheVMwarespecific driversreplacetheMicrosoftdrivers.
ShadowProtect and Backup Exec System Recovery Images

YoucanimportShadowProtectandBackupExecSystemRecoveryimages,butkeepthe followinglimitationsinmind:

Dynamicdisksarenotsupported. Allimagesforthebackupofamachineshouldbeinasinglefolder,withnoother imagesplacedthere. Allvolumesinthediskuptotheactiveandsystemvolumesmustbebackedup. Forexample,ifadiskhasfourpartitions,14,withpartition2astheactivevolume andpartition3asthesystemvolume,thebackupmustinclude1through3. Ifitisanincrementalimage,upto16incrementalbackupsaresupported. ForShadowProtect,imagesofsystemswithlogicaldrivesarenotsupportedifthe logicaldriveisalsoasystemoractivevolume.
Appliances That Use Open Virtualization Format

Openvirtualizationformat(OVF)isaplatformneutral,secure,andportableformatfor packaginganddistributingvirtualappliances.AlthoughOVFdoesnotrelyona specificvirtualizationplatform,theConversionwizardsupportsonlyOVFappliances thatuseVMwarevirtualharddisks(.vmdkfiles).
VMware, Inc.
135
IntheConversionwizard,youcanselect.ovffiles,whicharetheOVFequivalentofa VMwarevirtualmachineconfigurationfile(.vmxfile),oryoucanselect.ovafiles (openvirtualappliancefiles).An.ovafilestorestheconfigurationfileandvirtualhard diskfiletogether,likea.zipfile,foreasydistribution. WhenspecifyingthelocationoftheOVFappliance,youcanbrowsetoadirectoryor useaURLtodownloadtheappliancefromaWebserver.Youcanalsodownloadthe appliancefromasecure(HTTPS)Webserver. NOTEWhenyouuseaURL,thevirtualapplianceisdownloadedbeforetheconversion processstarts.Downloadingcantake15minutesorlonger,dependingonthesizeofthe file. TheConversionwizardalwaysmakesafullclonewhenitconvertsanOVFappliance toavirtualmachine.SeeFullorLinkedClonesonpage 137.
Dual-Boot System Source

Whenyouimportaphysicalmachinethatispartofadualbootsystem,youcanimport onlythedefaultoperatingsystemtowhichboot.inipoints.Toimportthenondefault operatingsystem,changeboot.initopointtotheotheroperatingsystemandreboot beforeattemptingtoimport.Evenifboot.inipointstothecorrectoperatingsystem, occasionally,thevirtualmachinemightnotbebootableinthedefaultoperatingsystem.
Windows NT Virtual Machine Source

IfthesourcevirtualmachineisWindowsNTSMP,thewizardmightrequirefilesfrom servicepacksorhotfixes.Thewizardshowswhichfilesitrequires.Youmustbrowse totherequiredfiles.Theycanbeonadisk,yourlocalsystem,orthenetwork. OnWindowsNTmachines,duringtheimportprocess,asnapshotdriveris downloadedtothemachine.Thisdriverhandlesthecopyingandmovingoffilesand registrysettings.Thedriverrequiresareboottocompleteitstasks.Whenitisfinished, thedriverisuninstalled. NOTEAlthoughWindowsNTvirtualmachinesaresupportedasasource, Windows NTphysicalmachinesarenotsupported.
ESX Virtual Machine Source

YoumustsupplythenameoftheESXserverandtheusernameandpasswordfor loggingin.
136
VMware, Inc.
Password-Protected Virtual Machines

Ifthevirtualmachineyouwanttoimportispasswordprotected,youmustsupplythe password.
About Page Files and Hibernation Files

Youcanimportallthedisksforthephysicalorvirtualmachineor,tosavespace,you canselectsomeofthevolumesandleaveoutothers.Ifyouselectspecificvolumes,you canalsoignorethepageandhibernationfiles.Thesefilesarelargeand,for volumebasedcloning,donotprovideinformationthatyouneedtocopy.
Supported Volume Types

Sometypesofsourcevolumes,orpartitions,areunsupportedandareskippedduring cloning.Virtualmachineimportingsupportsbasicvolumesandalltypesofdynamic volumesexceptRAID.OnlyMasterBootRecord(MBR)disksaresupported.GUID PartitionTable(GPT)disksarenotsupported.
Disk Space Allocation

AsisthecasewhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youmustspecify whethertoallocateallthespaceatcreationtimeorallowthefilestogrow.Allocating spaceatcreationtimegivesyoubetterperformancebutisatimeconsumingprocess. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow. SelecttheoptionSplitdiskinto2GBfilesifyourvirtualdiskisstoredonafilesystem thatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB.
Full or Linked Clones

Ifthesourceisavirtualmachine,youcancreateafullorlinkedclone.OntheVirtual MachinesOptionspageoftheConversionwizard,selectImportandConverttocreate afullclone.SelectSharesourceandstorechangesseparatelytocreatealinkedclone. NOTEForMicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhaveathird option.Insteadofcreatingafullorlinkedclone,youcanhavetheconvertedvirtual machineusetheoriginalMicrosoftvirtualharddisk.Thisoptionmodifiesthesource virtualmachine.SeeMicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServerVirtualHardDiskson page 135.
VMware, Inc.
137
LinkedclonescanbecreatedfromVMwarevirtualmachines,SymantecBackupExec SystemRecoveryvirtualmachines(.sv2ifiles),MicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtual Servervirtualmachines,AcronisTrueImage(.tibfiles),andStorageCraftfiles(.spf files).CreatingalinkedcloneofaVMwarevirtualmachinerequiresthatthevirtual hardwareversionofthedestinationmachinenotbehigherthanthehardwareversion ofthesource. CAUTIONForlinkedclones,thevirtualmachinecreatedbythewizardbecomes corruptedifthesourceismodifiedaftertheimport.Thisistrueforlinkedclones importedfromVirtualPCandVirtualServermachinesandfromSymantecbackup images.InthecaseofVirtualPCandVirtualServersourcevirtualmachines,powering themoninVirtualPCorVirtualServermodifiesthem.
Supported Destinations
TheConversionwizardcancreatevirtualmachinesthatarecompatiblewiththe followingproducts:

Workstation 4.5,5.x,6.x,and7.0 VMwareACE 1.x,2.x,and2.6 VMwareFusion 1.x,2.x,and3.0 VMwarePlayer 1.x,2.x,and3.0 ESXServer 3.x(Thisdestinationisnotsupportedifyouareimportingaremote physicalmachine.) ESXServer 2.5.x(Thisdestinationissupportedonlybyimportingthrougha VirtualCenter 2.xserverthatmanagesthe2.5.xESXServer.) VMwareServer 1.xand2.0.x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter 2.x
NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinesarecompatiblewithVMware GSX Server 3.0, ESX Server 2.x,andACE 1.x.
Designating a Destination for a Virtual Machine

KeepthesepointsinmindwhenusingtheConversionwizardtospecifyadestination foranewlycreatedvirtualmachine.
138
VMware, Inc.
ESX Virtual Machine Destination

YoumustsupplythenameoftheESXserverandtheusernameandpasswordfor loggingin.
VirtualCenter Virtual Machine Destination

Youmustprovidethefollowinginformation:

NameoftheVirtualCenterserverandtheusernameandpasswordforloggingin. NameofthefolderintheVirtualCenterinventorywhereyouwanttostorethe virtualmachine. Nameofthehost,cluster,orresourcepoolwithinahostorclusterfromwhichthe virtualmachineistoberun.Ifyouselectaclusterinmanualmode,youmustalso chooseaspecifichost. Nameofthedatastoreforthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfilesanddisks.Use theadvancedsettingtodistributethevirtualmachinesdisksovermultiple datastores.
Network Adapters
Youarepromptedtochoosefromtheavailablenetworksatthedestinationlocation.For moreinformationaboutnetworkingchoicesforvirtualmachinesusedwith WorkstationratherthanESXorVirtualCenter,seeCommonNetworking Configurationsonpage 282.
Optional Guest Operating System Customization

Youcanmakechangestotheidentityofthevirtualmachine(suchascomputername andsecurityID),networkinginformation,andsoonwiththewizard.Forvirtual machinesthatareconvertedtoESXvirtualmachines,youcanhavethewizardinstall VMwareToolsiftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000orlater. Youcanmakethefollowingcustomizations:
Computerinformation
ComputernameAlphanumericnameofupto63characters.Hyphensand underscoresareallowed. SecurityID(SID)Optionally,generateanewsecurityID. SysprepfilelocationIfthewizardcandetectthelocation,thewizardpage displaysit.Otherwise,youneedtosupplythelocation.
Windowslicensinginformation
139
VMware, Inc.
ProductIDOptional. WindowsServerlicenseinformationForMicrosoftWindows2000Server and2003Serveronly.
Timezone Networkinformation

Networkadapter(interfaces)Resettodefaultormakechanges. DHCPChoosebetweenusingDHCPtoobtainIPaddressesorenteringthem manually.YoucanalsouseDHCPtoobtainaDNSserveraddressorenterit manually. DNSEnterDNSsuffixesandcustomizetheirordertospecifytheorderin whichavirtualmachineusesthemtomakeconnections. WINSSpecifyprimaryandsecondaryWINSaddresses. WorkgroupordomainForworkgroups,specifytheworkgroupname,upto 15characters.Fordomains,specifytheWindowsServerdomain,alongwith theappropriateusernameandpassword.
Conversion Impact on Settings

TheVMwarevirtualmachinecreatedbytheConversionwizardcontainsanexactcopy ofthediskstatefromyoursourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,withtheexception ofsomehardwaredependentdriversand,sometimes,themappeddriveletters. Thefollowingsettingsfromthesourcecomputerremainidentical:
Operatingsystemconfiguration(computername,securityID,useraccounts, profilesandpreferences,andsoforth) Applicationsanddatafiles Eachdiskpartitionsvolumeserialnumber
Becausethetargetandthesourcevirtualmachinesorsystemimageshavethesame identities(name,SID,andsoon),runningbothonthesamenetworkcanresultin conflicts.Ifyouplantoredeploythesourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,donot runboththesourceandtargetimagesorvirtualmachinesonthesamenetworkatthe sametime.
140
VMware, Inc.
Alternatively,youcanresolvetheduplicateIDproblembyusingadditionaltools,such astheWindowsXPSystemPreparationTool(Sysprep).Forexample,ifyouusethe ConversiontotesttheviabilityofrunningaVirtual PCvirtualmachineasaVMware virtualmachinewithoutfirstdecommissioningtheoriginalVirtual PCmachine,you needtoresolvetheduplicateIDproblem.
Migration Issues Caused by Hardware Changes

MostmigratedapplicationsfunctioncorrectlyintheVMwarevirtualmachinebecause theirconfigurationanddatafileshavethesamelocationasthesourcevirtualmachine. However,applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependonspecificcharacteristicsofthe underlyinghardwaresuchastheserialnumberorthedevicemanufacturer. Whentroubleshootingaftervirtualmachinemigration,considerthefollowing potentialhardwarechanges:
TheCPUmodelandserialnumbers(ifactivated)canbedifferentafterthe migration.TheycorrespondtothephysicalcomputerhostingtheVMwarevirtual machine. Thenetworkadaptercanbedifferent(AMDPCNetorVMXnet)withadifferent MACaddress.EachinterfacesIPaddressmustbeindividuallyreconfigured. Thegraphicscardcanbedifferent(VMwareSVGAcard). Thenumbersofdisksandpartitionsarethesame,buteachdiskdevicecanhavea differentmodelanddifferentmanufacturerstrings. Theprimarydiskcontrollerscanbedifferentfromthesourcemachines controllers. Applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependondevicesthatarenotavailablefrom withinavirtualmachine.
Open a Third-Party Virtual Machine or System Image

TheFile>Opencommandletsyouconvertavirtualappliance,systemimage,orvirtual machinecreatedwithsoftwarefromanothercompanyintoaVMwarevirtualmachine. To open a third-party virtual machine or system image 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>Open. IntheFilenamefield,browsetoandopentheconfiguration(.vmx,.vmc,.spf, .ovf,.ova,or.sv2i)fileforthevirtualappliance,virtualmachine,orsystem imagetoconvert.
VMware, Inc.
141
YoucanusethefieldFilesoftypetofilterthefilesdisplayedbyfileextension. 3 ClickOpen. WorkstationcreatesaVMwarevirtualmachine,withaVMwareconfigurationfile (.vmx)fortheconvertedvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Theconvertedvirtual machinelinkstothevirtualdisksoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage unlessthesourceusesopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfor.ovafiles).Theoriginal VirtualPC,SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,orStorageCraftconfiguration (.vmc,.spf,or.sv2i)fileisunchanged. Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethatuses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesa fullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
Import a Virtual Machine, Virtual Appliance, or System Image

TheFile>ImportorExportcommandenablesyoutoconvertasystemimageorvirtual machineintoaVMwarevirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,reviewtherestrictionsandrequirementsforsourceanddestination virtualmachines.SeeSupportedSourceMachinesonpage 133andSupported Destinationsonpage 138. To import a virtual machine, virtual appliance, or system image 1 2 3 Ifyouareimportingavirtualmachine,makesurethevirtualmachineispowered off. ChooseFile>ImportorExporttolaunchtheVMwareConversionwizard. Completethewizardpages. Thetextonthewizardpageschanges,dependingontheselectionsyoumake. For example,ontheSourceTypepage,whenyouselectasourcetypefromthe dropdownlist,thetextbelowthelistchangestodescribewhichtypesofvirtual machinesareincludedinthatsourcetype. Asyouproceedthroughthewizard,thenavigationpaneontheleftsideofthe wizardhelpstrackyourprogress.
142
VMware, Inc.
Wheneveryoustartanewphaseorstep,alistexpandstodisplaythenamesofthe wizardpagesincludedinthatstep.Whenyoucompleteanentirestep,thenext stepexpands. Togobacktoapreviouspage,clickitsnameinthenavigationpane.
VMware, Inc.
143
144
VMware, Inc.
Getting Started with Virtual Machines
Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

StartingaVirtualMachineonpage 145 ShutDownaVirtualMachineonpage 148 DownloadComponentsonpage 150 PausingaVirtualMachineonpage 151 EncryptingaVirtualMachineonpage 152 DeleteaVirtualMachineonpage 155 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplayonpage 155 ConfiguringVideoandSoundonpage 168 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachineonpage 175 UseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachineonpage 176 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 177 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 178 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachineonpage 179 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachineonpage 180 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopersonpage 181
Starting a Virtual Machine

Startingavirtualmachinemeansdisplayingitsrunningconsolesothatyoucaninteract withit.Dependingonthesituation,startingavirtualmachinecaninvolveanyofthe following:
TostartavirtualmachinefromtheWorkstationuserinterface,youmustopenthe virtualmachineandpoweriton.
145
VMware, Inc.
TostartavirtualmachinethatisrunninginthebackgroundwhenWorkstationis notrunning,youmustopenitsconsolefromthetaskbaronthehost. TostartavirtualmachinethatisavailablefromaWebserver,youmustusea commandlinecommandtobeginstreamingthevirtualmachineandthenstartit fromtheWorkstationwindow. Tostartavirtualmachinefromthecommandline,youmustusethe platformspecificprogramandstartupoptions.SeeStartupOptionsfor WorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 477.
Start a Virtual Machine from the Workstation User Interface

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatallofthevirtualmachinefilesareaccessibletothehost whereWorkstationisinstalled. YoucanaddthenameofthevirtualmachinetotheFavoriteslistsothatyoudonot needtobrowsetothefiletoopenthevirtualmachine.SeeFavoritesListinthe Sidebaronpage 62. To start a virtual machine from the Workstation user interface 1 StartWorkstation. Forinstructions,seeStartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 53. 2 ChooseFile>Openandbrowsetotheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtual machine. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 148. 3 ChooseVM>Power>PowerOn. IfyoueverneedtoentertheBIOSsetupfortheguestoperatingsystem,choose VM >Power>PowerOntoBIOS. 4 5 Clickanywhereinsidethevirtualmachineconsoletogivethevirtualmachine controlofyourmouseandkeyboard. Tologontotheoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine,typeyournameand passwordjustasyouwouldonaphysicalcomputer.
Start a Virtual Machine That Is Running in the Background

IfyoudonotpoweroffavirtualmachinewhenyouexitWorkstation,thevirtual machinecontinuestoruninthebackground.Tostartthevirtualmachine,usethe powerstatusicononthehosttoopenthevirtualmachinesconsole.
146
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 7 Getting Started with Virtual Machines
BydefaultWorkstationisconfiguredtodisplayapowerstatusiconinthenotification areaofthehoststaskbarevenwhenWorkstationisnotrunning.
Ifthisiconisnotvisible,beforeyoubegin,usetheWorkspacetaboftheWorkstation preferenceseditortodisplayit.SeeIntroductiontoWorkstationPreferenceson page 66. To start a virtual machine that is running in the background 1 2 Clickthepowerstatusiconinthenotificationareaofthehoststaskbar. Selectavirtualmachinefromlistthatappearsinthetooltip. Thelistcontainsthevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhois loggedin. Workstationstartsanddisplaystheconsoleviewofthevirtualmachine.
Start a Virtual Machine by Using VM Streaming

BeginningwithWorkstation7.0,youcannowstreamavirtualmachinefromaWeb server.Youcanstartthevirtualmachineshortlyafterthedownloadprocessbegins. Beforeyoubegin,determinetheURLofthevirtualmachineandverifythattheWeb serveronwhichitresidesiscorrectlyconfigured.SeeMakeVirtualMachines AvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 225. To start a virtual machine by using VM streaming 1 2 Openacommandpromptorterminalwindow. UsetheplatformspecificcommandwiththeURLofthevirtualmachine:

OnWindowshosts,usevmware.exe http://<path_to_vm>.vmx. OnLinuxhosts,usevmware http://<path_to_vm>.vmx.
HTTPSisalsosupported. 3 WhenatabforthevirtualmachineopensintheWorkstationwindow,choose VM >Power>PowerOn. Virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemandsothatyoucanbeginusingthevirtual machinebeforethedownloadcompletes.
VMware, Inc.
147
Thestatusbarindicatestheprogressofthedownload.Pointtotheicononthe statusbarforVMstreamingandatooltipindicateswhetherstreamingisactiveand providestheURLoftheWebserver. 4 (Optional)Tosavethevirtualmachinesothatyoucanuseitwhenyoudonothave accesstotheWebserver,chooseVM>SaveforOfflineUse. Usingthissettingalsoallowsyoutopausedownloadingbypoweringoffthe virtualmachinebeforestreamingisfinished.Youcanrestartlaterbypoweringon thevirtualmachine.ItalsoallowsyoutousetheFile>Opencommandtoopenthe virtualmachineafteryoucloseit. Whenyoupoweroffastreamedvirtualmachine,youarepromptedtosaveordiscard changes.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythatwascreatedonyourlocalmachine andallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
Virtual Machine Location

Bydefault,virtualmachinefilesarestoredinthevirtualmachinesworkingdirectory:
OnWindowshosts,WorkstationstoresvirtualmachinesintheMy Documents folderoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetimethevirtualmachineiscreated. OnWindowsServer2003andWindowsXP,thedefaultfolderis:

C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnLinuxhosts,Workstationstoresvirtualmachinesin:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
Here<homedir>isthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetimethe virtualmachineiscreated. TheworkingdirectoryisalsowhereWorkstationstoressuspendedstate(.vmss), snapshot(.vmsn),andredologfiles.TheGeneraltabofthevirtualmachinesettings editordisplaysthepathtotheworkingdirectory.SeeIntroductiontoVirtualMachine Settingsonpage 68.
Shut Down a Virtual Machine

Aswithphysicalcomputers,youcanshutdownaguestoperatingsystembeforeyou poweroffthevirtualmachineorteam.
148
VMware, Inc.
YouarenotrequiredtoshutdowntheguestbeforeyouexitWorkstation.Toexit Workstationbutleavethevirtualmachinerunninginthebackground,seeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 70. To shut down a virtual machine 1 Intheguestsystem,shutdowntheoperatingsystemasyouwouldifyouwere usingaphysicalmachineratherthanavirtualmachine. Forexample,inWindowsXP,clickStart>ShutDown. 2 IntheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>PowerOptions>PowerOfftoturnoff thevirtualmachine.
IfyouusethePowerOffcommandbeforeyoushutdowntheguestoperatingsystem, thevirtualmachineispoweredoffabruptly.Theeffectislikeusingthepowerbutton onaphysicalmachine.Youcan,however,configurethePowerOffbuttoninthetoolbar toshutdowntheoperatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffand ResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149.
Configure Power Off and Reset Options for a Virtual Machine

YoucanconfigurethePowerOfftoolbarbuttontopoweroffthevirtualmachine abruptlyortosendasignalthatgracefullyshutsdowntheguestoperatingsystem. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. Toperformagracefulshutdown,theVMwareToolsservicecomponentissuesa ShutdownGuestcommandandrunsascripttoshutdowngracefully. CAUTIONPoweringoffabruptlyworksthesamewayapowerswitchworksonapower supply.Thepoweriscutoffwithnoconsiderationforworkinprogress.Ifavirtual machineiswritingtodiskwhenitreceivesaPowerOffcommand,datacorruption mightoccur. Similarly,youcanconfiguretheResetbuttontoworkthesamewayasaresetswitch, sothatitresetsthevirtualmachineabruptly.OryoucanconfiguretheResetbuttonso thattheVMwareToolsservicesendsarestartsignaltotheguestoperatingsystem. It thenshutsdowngracefullyandrestarts. NotallguestoperatingsystemsrespondtoashutdownsignalfromthePowerOff button,ortoarestartsignalfromtheResetbutton.Ifyouroperatingsystemdoesnot respondtothesignal,shutdownorrestartfromtheoperatingsystem,asyouwould withaphysicalmachine.
VMware, Inc.
149
To configure the Power Off and Reset options for a virtual machine 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectPower. InthePowerControlssectionofthedialogbox,setthePowerOffbuttontoshut downtheguestgracefullyortoabruptlypowerthevirtualmachineoff. Theselectionyoumakeisreflectedinthetooltipyouseewhenyoupointtothe PowerOffbutton. 5 6 SpecifyhowyouwanttheResetbuttontowork. Ifyouwanttochangeanyoftheothersettingsandneedmoreinformation,click Help. ForUNIXguests,topassXtoolkitoptionswhenyoupoweronavirtualmachine, seeAppendix A,WorkstationCommandLineReference,onpage 477.
Download Components
Workstationliststhecomponentsthatmustbeinstalledtoimprovetheuserexperience oftheproduct.Beforeyoubegin,upgradetothelatestversionofWorkstation.Checkto makesureyouhavenetworkconnectivity. 1 Poweronthevirtualmachine. TheDownloadsdialogboxappearswithalistofcomponentsreadyfordownload ifyouareconnectedtotheInternetandmusteitherinstallorupdateVMware Tools. 2 IfyouareusingaproxytoconnecttotheInternet,completethefollowingtasks: a SelectVM>InstallVMwareTools. TheSoftwareUpdatesdialogboxappears. b Completetheproxycredentialstocontinue,andclickOK.
TheDownloadsdialogboxappearswithalistofcomponentsreadyfordownload. 3 Downloadthecomponent.
SelectDownloadtodownloadthecomponent.
150
VMware, Inc.
TheDownloadsdialogcanbeminimizedintheWorkstationstatusbar.You canclickthearrowinthestatusbartoopenthedownloadprogresswindow.

SelectDoNotDownloadtobypassthedownload. SelectRemindLatertobypassthedownloadnowandreceiveareminderlater todownloadthecomponent.
(Optional)ClicktheAlwaysdotheselectedactioncheckboxtoapplyyour preferenceforfuturecomponentdownloads. YourpreferenceissavedunderEdit>Preferences>Updates.
Poweronandlogintothevirtualmachine. Ifyouhavenotdownloadedthecomponentyet,VMwarerecommendsthatyoudo soatthistime.OnWindows,aninfobarappearstoremindyoutoinstallthe component. IfthecomponentyoudownloadedisVMwareTools,clickUpdateToolsand proceedwithyourinstallationbasedonyourguestoperatingsystem requirements.
FormoreinformationoninstallingVMwareToolsonvariousguestoperatingsystems, seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102.
Pausing a Virtual Machine

Thepausefeaturecausesavirtualmachinetoceaseoperationtemporarily,without poweringofforsuspending.Usethepausefeaturewhenavirtualmachineisengaged inanlengthy,processorintensiveactivitythatpreventsyoufromusingyourcomputer todoamoreimmediatetask. Whenyoupauseavirtualmachine,thedisplaydimsandaplaybuttonappears,which youcanclicktounpausethevirtualmachine.Onpausedvirtualmachinesthatare configuredtodisplayonmorethanonemonitor,eachmonitorhasaplaybutton. Forvirtualmachinesthatbelongtoateam,youmustpauseandunpauseeachvirtual machineseparately,whileitisactive.Theplaybuttonappearsjustasitdoesinvirtual machinesthatdonotbelongtoateam.Theplaybuttonalsoappearsinthethumbnail imagesofpausedteamvirtualmachinesthatarenotcurrentlyactive.
Pause Feature Limitations

Thepausefeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
VMware, Inc.
151
ThepausefeaturedoesnotworkwhenavirtualmachineisinUnitymode.You cannotswitchtoUnitymodewhenavirtualmachineispaused. Youcannotswitchtoexclusivemodewhenavirtualmachineispaused. Thepausefeaturedoesnotworkwhenyouareusingtherecord/replayfeatureor whenthereplaydebuggerisattached.Therecord/replayfeaturedoesnotwork whenavirtualmachineispaused. Whenpaused,avirtualmachinedoesnotsendorreceivenetworkpackets.Ifa virtualmachineispausedformorethanafewminutes,somenetworkconnections mightbeinterrupted. Ifyoutakeasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineispaused,thevirtualmachineis notpausedwhenyourestorethatsnapshot.Similarly,ifyoususpendavirtual machinewhileitispaused,itisnotpausedwhenyouresumethevirtualmachine. Ifyouinitiatesoftpoweroperationswhenavirtualmachineispaused,those operationsdonottakeeffectuntilthevirtualmachineisunpaused. Whileavirtualmachineispaused,LEDsanddevicesremainenabled,butdevice connectionchangesdonottakeeffectuntilthevirtualmachineisunpaused.
Pause and Unpause a Virtual Machine

Youcanpauseavirtualmachinemultipletimesrangingfromafewsecondstoseveral minutes.Beforeyoubegin,makesureyoureadthefeaturelimitations.Formore information,seePauseFeatureLimitationsonpage 151. To pause and unpause a virtual machine
SelectVM>Pause. Thevirtualmachinedisplaydimsandaplaybuttonappearsoverthedisplay.
Clicktheplaybuttononthevirtualmachinedisplay,ordeselectVM>Pause.
Encrypting a Virtual Machine

Youcansecureavirtualmachinefromunauthorizedusebyencryptingitandassigning apasswordtoit.Afterthevirtualmachineisencrypted,youmustenterthepassword toopentheencryptedvirtualmachine,ortoremoveencryptionfromit. CAUTIONBesuretorecordthepasswordyouassigntoanencryptedvirtualmachine. Toensurethesecurityofencryptedvirtualmachines,Workstationdoesnotprovidea waytoretrieveapassword.
152
VMware, Inc.
InthevirtualmachinesummarytabandinFavorites,encryptedvirtualmachinesare displayedwithalockiconuntilyouenterthepasswordtoopenthevirtualmachine. Encryptionappliestoallsnapshotsinavirtualmachine.Ifyourestoreasnapshotinan encryptedvirtualmachine,thevirtualmachineremainsencrypted,whetherornotit wasencryptedwhenthesnapshotwastaken.Ifyouchangethepasswordforan encryptedvirtualmachine,thenewpasswordappliestoanysnapshotyourestore, regardlessofthepasswordineffectwhenthesnapshotwastaken. SeeRestrictionsonEncryptiononpage 153beforeyouencryptavirtualmachine.
Restrictions on Encryption
Theencryptionfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
Avirtualmachinemustbepoweredoffbeforeyoucanaddorremoveencryption, orchangetheencryptionpassword. Theencryptionfeatureworksonlywithvirtualmachinesofvirtualhardware version5.xorlater. Youcancreatealinkedclonefromanencryptedvirtualmachine,butyoucannot encryptorremoveencryptionfromavirtualmachinethatistheparentofalinked clone. Thereisoneexceptiontothisrestriction.IfyouusetheConversionwizard(File> ImportorExport)tocreatealinkedclone,youcancreatealinkedclonewithout disablingtheencryptionfeaturefortheparentvirtualmachine.Ifyoucreatea linkedclonethiswayandthenencrypttheparentvirtualmachine,thelinkedclone cannotreaddatafromthevirtualdiskoftheencryptedparentvirtualmachine.To fixthisproblem,unencrypttheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyouplantousetheencryptionfeature,VMwarerecommendsthatyouavoidthis potentialproblembyusingVM>Clonetocreatealinkedclone.Workstation disablestheencryptionfeaturefortheparentofalinkedclonethatiscreatedwith theVM>Cloneoption.
Youcannotencryptvirtualmachinesthataremembersofateam,andyoucannot addanencryptedvirtualmachinetoateam. Ifmorethanoneunencryptedvirtualmachinessharethesamevirtualdisk,and youencryptoneofthevirtualmachines,thevirtualdiskbecomesunusableforthe unencryptedvirtualmachines. Youcannotencryptavirtualmachinesthathasarecording.
VMware, Inc.
153
YoucannotencryptACEvirtualmachines.Ifyouhaveanencryptedvirtual machineyoucannotenableACEfeatures.
Encrypt a Virtual Machine

Ifyouforgetyourpassword,Workstationdoesnotprovideawaytoretrieveit.Before youbegin,poweroffthevirtualmachine.Makesureyoureadthefeaturelimitations. Formoreinformation,seeRestrictionsonEncryptiononpage 153. To encrypt a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectEncryption. SelectEncrypt. Enterthepassword,andenterthepasswordagaintoconfirmit. Besuretorecordthepassword. 5 SelectEncrypt.
Remove Encryption from a Virtual Machine

Removingencryptionfromavirtualmachineauthorizesuserswhologintothehost withyourcredentialstostartthevirtualmachine.Beforeyoubegin,poweroffthe virtualmachine.Makesurethatyouremoveanysensitiveinformationfromthevirtual machine. To remove encryption from a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectEncryption. SelectRemoveEncryption. Enteryourpassword. SelectRemoveEncryption.
Change the Password for an Encrypted Virtual Machine

Ifyouforgetyournewpassword,Workstationdoesnotprovideawaytoretrieveit. Beforeyoubegin,poweroffthevirtualmachine.
154
VMware, Inc.
To change the password for an encrypted virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectEncryption. SelectChangePassword. Enteryourcurrentpasswordandthenewpassword,andenterthenewpassword againtoconfirmit. Besuretorecordthenewpassword.
Delete a Virtual Machine

YoucanuseaWorkstationcommandtodeleteavirtualmachineandallofitsfilesfrom thehostfilesystem. If,insteadofdeletingthevirtualmachinealtogether,youwanttoremoveitfromthe Favoriteslistorfromateam,seeRemoveanItemfromtheFavoritesListonpage 64 orRemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 273. CAUTIONDonotdeleteavirtualmachineifitwasusedtomakealinkedclonevirtual machineandyoustillwanttousethelinkedclone.Ifthelinkedclonecannotfindthe virtualdiskfilesfromtheparentvirtualmachine,thelinkedclonestopsworking. To delete a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>DeletefromDisk.
Controlling the Virtual Machine Display

YoucancontrolthewayWorkstationdisplaysvirtualmachinesandtheirapplications. Forexample,youcanusefullscreenmodetohidethehostuserinterfacealtogether,or youcanuseUnitymodesothatapplicationsfromthevirtualmachineappearonthe hostdesktopandhidetherestofthevirtualmachineuserinterface.
VMware, Inc.
155
Using Unity Mode

InvirtualmachineswithLinuxorWindows2000orlaterguestoperatingsystems,you canswitchtoUnitymodetodisplayapplicationsdirectlyonthehostdesktop. The taskbardisplaysitemsforopenapplicationsinUnitymodejustasitdoesforopen hostapplications. Thevirtualmachineconsoleviewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstation window. Youcanusekeyboardshortcutstocopy,cut,andpastetextbetweenapplicationson yourhostmachineandvirtualmachineapplicationsdisplayedinUnitymode.Youcan alsodraganddropandcopyandpastefilesbetweenhostandguest. NOTEIfyousaveafileorattempttoopenafilefromanapplicationinUnitymode,the filesystemyouseeisthefilesysteminsidethevirtualmachine.Youcannotopenafile fromthehostoperatingsystemorsaveafiletothehostoperatingsystem. WhenavirtualmachineisinUnitymode,youcanaccessthevirtualmachinesStart menu(forWindowsvirtualmachines)orApplicationsmenu(forLinuxvirtual machines)bypointingtooneofthefollowinglocations:

OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartmenu. OnLinuxhosts,pointtotheupperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.
Forsomeguestandhostoperatingsystems,ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,application windowsinUnitymodecanappearonlyonthemonitorthatissetastheprimary display.IfthehostandguestareWindowsXPorlater,theapplicationwindowscan appearonadditionalmonitors Unitymodeisnotavailableinthefullscreenmode.Whenyoucyclethroughvirtual machines,allthevirtualmachinesthatareinUnitymodedonotappear. NOTEOnLinuxguests,Unitymodeissupportedexperimentally.
Set Preferences for Unity Mode

YoucanconfigureUnitymodesothatyoucanaccessavirtualmachinesStartor Applicationsmenufromthehostsdesktop.Youcanalsospecifythebordercolor aroundapplicationsthatruninUnitymodeonthedesktop. AccessingavirtualmachinesStartorApplicationsmenufromthehostsdesktop enablesyoutostartapplicationsinthevirtualmachinethatarenotopeninUnitymode. Ifyoudonotenablethisfeature,youmustexitUnitymodetodisplaythevirtual machinesStartorApplicationsmenuintheconsoleview.
156
VMware, Inc.
Tohelpdistinguishbetweentheapplicationwindowsthatbelongtovariousvirtual machines,youcangivethemdifferentcolors.Forexample,youcansettheapplications foronevirtualmachinetohaveablueborderandsettheapplicationsforanother virtualmachinetohaveayellowborder. YoucanalsosetaWorkstationpreferencetominimizetheWorkstationwindowwhen youenterUnitymode. To set preferences for Unity mode 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectUnity. CompletethesettingspanelandclickOK. Usethefollowinginformationtodeterminewhichfeaturestoenable:
Toidentifytheapplicationasbelongingtothisvirtualmachineratherthanthe host,usetheShowborderscheckboxtosetawindowborder.UsetheShow badgescheckboxtodisplayalogointhetitlebar. Touseacustomcolor,clickthecoloredrectangletoaccessthecolorchooser onLinuxhosts.OnWindowshosts,clickChoosecolor. IfyouselecttheEnableapplicationsmenucheckbox,oneofthefollowing menusappearswhenyoupointtocorrectlocationonthehostsdesktop:

AStartmenuappearsonWindowsguests. AnApplicationsmenuappearsonLinuxguests.
OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartmenu.OnLinuxhosts,pointtothe upperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.Themenuhasthesamecolorborder asthevirtualmachineapplicationwindows. 5 6 RepeatthisprocessforeachvirtualmachinethatyouplantouseinUnitymode. (Optional)ToautomaticallyminimizetheWorkstationwindowwhenyouenter Unitymode,dothefollowing: a b c ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectMinimizeWorkstationwhenenteringUnityandclickOK. ThisWorkstationpreferenceisusedforallvirtualmachines.
VMware, Inc.
157
Enter and Exit Unity Mode

InUnitymode,avirtualmachinesapplicationslooklikeotherapplicationwindowson thehost,exceptthattheyhaveacoloredwindowborderandaVMwarelogointhe windowstitlebar. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachinemeetstheserequirements:

ThevirtualmachinemustbeaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguest operatingsystem.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedin Workstation7.0.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachinemustbeLinuxorWindows2000 orlater. ForLinuxguestsandhosts,VMwarerecommendsthatyouuseamodernversion ofMetacityorKDE.PerformanceonLinuxdependsonacombinationofvariables suchasthesystem,theapplicationsthatarerunning,andtheamountofRAM.
To enter and exit Unity mode 1 2 Inthevirtualmachine,opentheapplicationstouseinUnitymode. FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseView>Unity. AcheckmarkappearsnexttoUnityinthemenu. ThevirtualmachinesconsoleviewintheWorkstationwindowishidden,andthe guestsopenapplicationsappearinapplicationwindowsonthehostsdesktop. YoucanalsoenterUnitymodefromfullscreenmode. 3 ToexitUnitymode,displaytheWorkstationwindowandchooseView>Unityto removethecheckmarknexttoUnity,orclickExitUnityinthevirtualmachines consoleview.
Access a Virtual Machines Start or Applications Menu in Unity Mode

Ifconfiguredtodoso,avirtualmachineinUnitymodecandisplayaStartor ApplicationsmenuabovethehostsStartorApplicationsmenu.Thisfeatureenables easyaccesstoapplicationsinthevirtualmachinethatarenotopeninUnitymode. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtousethisfeature. See SetPreferencesforUnityModeonpage 156.
158
VMware, Inc.
To access a virtual machines Start or Applications menu in Unity mode 1 2 ToenterUnitymode,poweronavirtualmachine,openoneormoreapplications, andchooseView>UnityfromtheWorkstationmenubar. TodisplaythevirtualmachinesStartorApplicationsmenuonthehost,dooneof thefollowing:
PointtotheStartmenuonWindowshostsortotheupperleftcornerofthe primarymonitoronLinuxhosts. PressCtrl+Shift+U. IfyouhavemultiplevirtualmachinesinUnitymode,youcannavigate betweenmultipleStartandApplicationsmenusbyusingstandard navigationkeyssuchasarrowkeys,Tab,andShift+Tab.Youcanselectoneby usingstandardkeyssuchasEnterandthespacebar.
Use Full Screen Mode

Infullscreenmode,thevirtualmachinedisplayfillsthescreen,sothatyoucannotsee thebordersoftheWorkstationwindow. Figure 7-1. Full Screen Toolbar on a Windows Host
Cycle multiple monitors button Next VM button System menu Selector arrow
Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. NOTEIfyouplantorunthevirtualmachineinfullscreenmodeonalaptopcomputer, alsosettheguesttoreportbatteryinformation.SeeReportBatteryInformationinthe Guestonpage 176. To use full screen mode 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachineandmakesureitispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowintothemonitorto useforfullscreenmode. ChooseView>FullScreen.
VMware, Inc.
159
Ifyoucannotenterfullscreenmodewhentheguestsdisplaymodeissmallerthan thehostsdisplaymode,tryaddingthefollowinglinetothevirtualmachines configuration(.vmx)file:

mks.maxRefreshRate=1000
Formoreinformationabouttheconfigurationfile,seeFilesThatMakeUpa VirtualMachineonpage 95. 4 (Optional)Youcanperformthefollowingoptionaltasks:
Toswitchfromfullscreenmodebacktowindowedmode,whichshowsthe virtualmachineinsideaWorkstationwindowagain,pressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Tohidethefullscreentoolbarandmenuswhileyouareusingfullscreen mode,clickthepushpiniconandmovethepointeroffofthetoolbar. Thisactionunpinsthetoolbar.Thetoolbarslidesuptothetopofthemonitor anddisappears.Todisplaythetoolbaragain,pointtothetopofthescreen untilthetoolbarappears. Ifyoucannotdisplaythefullscreentoolbar,seeSetPreferencesforAutofit, FullScreenMode,andUnityModeonpage 160.
Toswitchfromonepoweredonvirtualmachinetoanotherwhileinfull screenmode,dooneofthefollowing:
Togotoaspecificpoweredonvirtualmachine,clickthevirtualmachine arrow,asshowninFigure 71,andselectthevirtualmachine. Togotothenextvirtualmachine,pressCtrl+Alt+rightarrow,orpress Ctrl+Alt+leftarrowtogotothepreviousvirtualmachine.
UsetheVMmenuonthetoolbartoaccesstheWorkstationVMmenu commands. UsetheSystemmenutoswitchtoUnitymodeorexclusivemode,ortouse theautofitcommandtoadjustscreenresolution. Todisplaythevirtualmachineacrosstwoormoremonitorsinfullscreen mode,seeUseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachineonpage 163.
Set Preferences for Autofit, Full Screen Mode, and Unity Mode
Youcansetpreferencesforhowthedisplaysettingsofallvirtualmachinesadjusttofit theWorkstationwindow.TheseadjustmentsoccurwhenyouresizetheWorkstation windoworwhenyouchangethedisplaysettingsinsidetheguest.
160
VMware, Inc.
Youcanalsoconfigurehowthehostandguestdisplaysettingsinteractwhenyouenter fullscreenmodeandUnitymode. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperating systemsinthevirtualmachines. To set preferences for autofit, full screen mode, and Unity mode 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectoneormorecheckboxesintheAutofitsection. UsethefollowinginformationtohelpyoucompletetheFullScreensection:
SelectAutofitguesttochangetheguestsresolutionsettingstomatchthe displaysettingsofthehostwhileyouareinfullscreenmode. SelectStretchguesttoretaintheguestsresolutionsettingsbutstillhavethe displayfillthefullscreen. Thissettingisusefulifyouneedtoretainaguestslowresolutionsettings. For example,usethissettingtoplayoldercomputergamesthatrunonlyat lowresolutions.
SelectCenterguesttohavebothhostandguestretaintheirowndisplay settingswhileyouareinfullscreenmode. IfyoudeselectShowtoolbaredgewhenunpinned,youwillnotbeableto displaythefullscreentoolbarbyplacingyourmousecursornearthetopof thescreen.Todisplayitagain,usethepreferenceseditorandselectShow toolbaredgewhenunpinnedagain.
Ifyouplantohavemultiplevirtualmachinesrunning,withsomeinUnitymode andsomeaccessibleonlyintheWorkstationwindow,donotselectthe Minimize WorkstationwhenenteringUnitycheckbox. ClickOK.
Use Quick Switch Mode

Inquickswitchmode,thevirtualmachinesscreenisresizedtofillthescreen completely,exceptforthespacethatthetabsoccupy. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102.
VMware, Inc.
161
Quickswitchmodeissimilartofullscreenmodewiththeadditionoftabsatthetopof thescreenforswitchingfromonevirtualmachinetoanother.Theotherdifferenceis thatyoucanusequickswitchmodewithvirtualmachinesthatarepoweredonoroff. To use quick switch mode 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseView>QuickSwitch. (Optional)ToviewtheWorkstationmenuandtoolbarwhileusingquickswitch mode,pointtothetopofthescreen. (Optional)Toresizeaguestoperatingsystemsdisplaysothatitfillsasmuchofthe screenaspossibleinquickswitchmode,chooseView>FitGuestNow. Toexitquickswitchmode,pointtothetopofthescreenandchooseView>Quick Switch.
Use Exclusive Mode

Youmightwanttouseexclusivemodetorungraphicsintensiveapplications,suchas games,infullscreenmode. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. Likefullscreenmode,exclusivemodecausestheWorkstationvirtualmachinedisplay tofillthescreen.Drawbackstousingexclusivemodeincludethefollowing:
Thefullscreentoolbarisnotavailableinexclusivemode.Toconfigureanyvirtual machinesettings,youneedtoexitexclusivemode(pressCtrl+Alt). Exclusivemodedoesnotusemultiplemonitors. Exclusivemodecausesthehostresolutiontoresize,whichcancauseitemsonthe hostdesktoptobemoved.
To use exclusive mode 1 2 3 4 5

162
Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowontothemonitor youwanttouse. PressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Onthefullscreentoolbar,dooneofthefollowing:

VMware, Inc.
OnWindowshosts,clicktheWorkstationicontodisplaythesystemmenu andchooseExclusiveMode.
OnLinuxhosts,clicktheViewmenuonthefullscreentoolbarandchoose ExclusiveMode.
Toexitexclusivemodeandreturntowindowedmode,pressCtrl+Alt.
Use Multiple Monitors for One Virtual Machine

Ifyourhosthasamultiplemonitordisplay,youcanconfigureavirtualmachinetouse twoormoremonitors. OnWindowsguests,youdonotneedtousetheWindowsdisplaypropertiessettings toconfiguremultiplemonitors. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachinemeetstheserequirements:

ThevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsisinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguestoperating system.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedinWorkstation 7.0.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachineisWindowsXP,WindowsVista, Windows7,orLinux. Onthehost,thedisplaysettingsformonitorsmustbesetinacompatibletopology. Forexample,theleftmostmonitorcannotbeplacedlowerthananyothermonitor inthedisplaytopology.Itdoesnotmatterifthemonitorshavedifferentresolutions ororientations.Whenenteringfullscreenmode,themonitorthatcontainsthe Workstationwindowcannotbelowerthananothermonitor. Putanotherway:WhenyouusetheWindowsdisplaypropertiescontrols,ifyou selectamonitoriconandbegintodragittoanewlocation,atooltipdisplaysthe coordinates.Ifacoordinateshownforthenewlocationoftheiconisanegative number,thatlocationwillnotwork.
To use multiple monitors for one virtual machine 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytabandintheFullScreensection,selectAutofitguestandclick OK. Selectavirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
163
4 5 6
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IfDisplaydoesnotappearinthelistontheHardwaretab,itprobablymeansthat thevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine.OnlyWorkstation6.x orhighervirtualmachineshavethisfeature.
OnthesettingspanelfortheDisplaytab,specifyhowtodeterminethenumberof monitors. Inmostcases,selectUsehostsettingformonitors.Ifthevirtualmachineisrunon ahostthatisusingonemonitor,thevirtualmachinedetectsonlyonemonitor.But ifthesamevirtualmachineismovedtoahostthatisusingtwomonitors,the virtualmachinedetectstwomonitors. Thenumberofmonitorsdependsonthenumberofmonitorsthatthehost recognizesatstartup.Forexample,ifyoupoweronalaptopthatisundocked,the hostsettingisonemonitor,evenifyoulaterplacetherunninglaptopinadocking stationthatusestwomonitors. Similarly,ifthehosthasonemonitorandyoususpendthevirtualmachineand changethehosttohavetwomonitors,whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itis stillconfiguredtouseonemonitor.Youmustrestartthevirtualmachinetodetect thenewsettings. Youmightwanttosetaspecificnumberofmonitorsif,forexample,youare writinganapplicationtobedisplayedonmultiplemonitorsbutthehostyouare usinghasonlyonemonitor.
Ifyousetaspecificnumberofmonitors,specifyasufficientmaximumresolution. Theresolutionofahostmonitorthatyouusetodisplaythevirtualmachinemust notexceedtheMaximumresolutionsettingthatyouspecify.
PoweronthevirtualmachineandchooseView>FullScreen. Formoreinformation,seeUseFullScreenModeonpage 159. Makesurethevirtualmachineiscompletelypoweredon.Ifwhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine,itissettoberestoredfromasnapshotandifbackground snapshotsareenabled,poweringonmighttakelonger.Inthiscase,displayingthe virtualmachinetotwomonitorsmightnotworkcorrectlyatfirst.Ifyouseethis issue,gotoEdit>Preferences>Priorityanddeselectthecheckboxcalled Take andrestoresnapshotsinthebackground.
10
164
Onthefullscreentoolbar,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton.
VMware, Inc.
Thisbuttonisavailableonlyifthehosthasmultiplemonitors.Thisbuttonisshown inFigure 71,FullScreenToolbaronaWindowsHost,onpage 159. ClickingtheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttoncausestheguestoperatingsystems desktoptoextendtotheadditionalmonitorormonitors. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotappearcorrectly,usethesystemmenu(on Windowshosts)ortheViewmenu(onLinuxhosts)andselectAutofitGuest. 11 Ifyouhavemorethantwomonitors,andyouwantthevirtualmachinetouse them,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttonagain. Theorderinwhichthemonitorsareuseddependsontheorderinwhichthe monitorswereaddedtothehostoperatingsystem. 12 Toreturntousingonlyonemonitor,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton untilthedisplayreturnstoonemonitor.
Use Multiple Monitors for Multiple Virtual Machines

Ifyourhosthasamultiplemonitordisplay,youcanrunadifferentvirtualmachineon eachmonitor. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. To use multiple monitors for multiple virtual machines 1 ToopenmultipleWorkstationwindows,chooseFile>New>Window. OnLinuxhosts,althoughyoucanhavemultipleWorkstationwindows,the windowsoperateinasingleWorkstationprocess,whichsavesmemoryandallows preferencesandFavoriteslistitemstobeshared. 2 (Optional)OnLinuxhosts,torunseparateWorkstationprocessesindifferent X servers,startthesecondinstanceofWorkstationwiththe-Wflag. Inaterminalwindow,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware -W &
StartoneormorevirtualmachinesineachWorkstationwindow. Ifyouhaveavirtualmachinerunninginonewindowandyouwanttorunthat virtualmachineinanotherWorkstationwindow,closethevirtualmachineinthe firstwindowbeforeyouattempttoopenitinanother.
DrageachWorkstationwindowtothemonitoronwhichyouwanttouseit.
VMware, Inc.
165
Toswitchmouseandkeyboardinputfromthevirtualmachineonthefirstmonitor tothevirtualmachineonthesecondmonitor,movethemousepointerfromone screentotheotherandclickinsidethesecondmonitor.
Fitting the Workstation Console to the Virtual Machine Display

TheAutofitandFitcommandsintheViewmenuallowyoutomatchtheWorkstation consolewiththeguestoperatingsystemdisplaysize. WithbothAutofitcommandstoggledoff,Workstationdoesnotautomaticallymatch windowsizesasyouwork.ScrollbarsappearintheconsolewhentheWorkstation consoleissmallerthantheguestoperatingsystemdisplay.Ablackborderappearsin theconsolewhentheconsoleislargerthantheguestoperatingsystemdisplay. TheAutofitandFitcommandsaredescribedinTable 71. Table 7-1. Autofit and Fit Commands
View Menu Command AutofitWindow Description CausestheWorkstationconsoletomaintainthesizeofthevirtual machinesdisplayresolution.Iftheguestoperatingsystemchangesits resolution,theWorkstationconsoleresizestomatchthenewresolution. Causesthevirtualmachinetoresizetheguestdisplayresolutionto matchthesizeoftheWorkstationconsole. CausestheWorkstationconsoletomatchthecurrentdisplaysizeofthe guestoperatingsystem. Causestheguestoperatingsystemdisplaysizetomatchthecurrent Workstationconsole.
AutofitGuest FitWindowNow FitGuestNow
AnAutofitcommandistoggledonoroffeachtimeyouselectit.IfAutofitWindow andAutofitGuestaretoggledon,youcanmanuallyresizetheWorkstationconsole, buttheguestoperatingsystemcanalsoresizetheWorkstationconsole. TheFitWindowNoworFitGuestNowcommandisredundantifthecorresponding Autofitcommandisactivebecausetheconsoleandtheguestoperatingsystemdisplay arethesamesize.
Display Resizing in Linux Guests

ForLinuxguests,thefollowingconsiderationsapplytodisplayresizing:
166
VMware, Inc.
Ifyouhavevirtualmachinesthatweresuspendedunderaversionof VMware Toolsearlierthanversion5.5,displayresizingdoesnotworkuntilthe virtualmachinesarecompletelypoweredoffandpoweredonagain.(Rebooting theguestoperatingsystemisnotsufficient.) UpdateVMwareToolstothelatestversionintheguestforthedisplayresizing optionstowork. BeforeyoucanusetheAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowoptions,VMwareTools mustberunning. AlltherestrictionsforresizingthattheX11Windowssystemimposesonphysical hostsapplytoguests:
Youcannotresizetoamodethatisnotdefined.TheVMwareTools configurationscriptcanaddalargenumberofmodelines,butyoucannot resizein1pixelincrementsasyoucaninWindows.VMwareToolsadds modelinesin100pixelincrements.Thismeansyoucannotresizeaguest largerthanthelargestmodedefinedinyourX11configurationfile.Ifyou attempttoresizelargerthanthatmode,ablackborderappearsandtheguest stopsincreasing. TheXserveralwaysstartsupinthelargestresolutionthatisdefined. You cannotavoidthisrestriction.TheXDM/KDM/GDMloginscreenalways appearsatthelargestsize.ButGnomeandKDEallowyoutospecifyyour preferredresolution,sothatyoucanreducetheguestdisplaysizeafteryou login.
Display Resizing in Solaris Guests

ForSolaris10guests,thefollowingconsiderationsapplytodisplayresizing:
UpdateVMwareToolstoversion7.0intheguestforthedisplayresizingoptions towork. BeforeyoucanusetheAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowoptions,VMwareTools mustberunning. Solaris10guestsmustberunninganXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.
Working with Nonstandard Resolutions

Aguestoperatingsystemanditsapplicationsmightreactunexpectedlywhenthe WorkstationconsolesizeisnotastandardVESAresolution(640480,800600, 1024768,andsoon).
VMware, Inc.
167
Forexample,theAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowcommandsallowyourguest operatingsystemscreenresolutiontobesetsmallerthan640480,butsomeinstallers donotrunatresolutionssmallerthan640480.Programsmightrefusetorun.Error messagesmightincludesuchphrasesasVGARequiredtoInstallorYoumusthave VGAtoinstall. Useoneofthefollowingstrategiestoworkaroundthisproblemwithnonstandard resolutions:
Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutionishighenough,youcanenlargethe windowandchooseFitGuestNow. Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutiondoesnotallowyoutoenlargethe Workstationconsolesufficiently,youcanmanuallysettheguestoperating systemsscreenresolutionto640480orlarger.
Configuring Video and Sound

Forbestcolorandgraphicsdisplay,youmustcoordinatehostandguestcolorsettings. WorkstationalsosupportsgamesandapplicationsthatuseDirectX9accelerated graphics,butyoumustperformsome3Dpreparationtasksonthehostandguest. Withregardstosoundsupport,Workstationusuallyinstallsthenecessarydrivers,but onsomeoftheoldestandnewestguestoperatingsystems,youmustmanuallyinstall adriver.
Setting Screen Color Depth

Thenumberofscreencolorsavailableintheguestoperatingsystemdependsonthe screencolorsettingofthehostoperatingsystem. Virtualmachinessupport:

16color(VGA)mode 8bitpseudocolor 16bitsperpixel(16significantbitsperpixel) 32bitsperpixel(24significantbitsperpixel)
Ifthehostisin15bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer15bitmodeinplaceof16bitmode. Ifthehostisin24bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer24bitmodeinplaceof32bitmode.
168
VMware, Inc.
Ifyourunaguestoperatingsystemsetforagreaternumberofcolorsthanyourhost operatingsystemisusing,youcanencounterproblems.Insomecases,forexample,the colorsintheguestarenotcorrect.Inothers,theguestoperatingsystemcannotusea graphicalinterface. Youcantryeitherofthefollowingsolutions:

Increasethenumberofcolorsavailableonthehost. Decreasethenumberofcolorsusedintheguest.
Forbestperformance,usethesamenumberofcolorsintheguestandonthehost.
Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host

Ifyouchoosetochangethecolorsettingsonthehostoperatingsystem,shutdownall guestoperatingsystems,poweroffthevirtualmachines,andcloseWorkstation. Followstandardproceduresforchangingthecolorsettingsonyourhostoperating systemandrestartWorkstationandthevirtualmachines.
Changing Screen Color Depth in the Guest

Theapproachyoutaketochangethecolorsettingsintheguestoperatingsystem dependsontheguestoperatingsystem. Followtheprocessforchangingscreencolorsintheguestoperatingsystem:
InaWindowsguest,theDisplayPropertiescontrolpaneloffersonlythosesettings thataresupported. InaLinuxorFreeBSDguest,youmustchangethecolordepthbeforeyoustartthe Xserver,oryoumustrestarttheXserveraftermakingthechanges.
Support for Direct3D Graphics

Totakeadvantageofthe3DcapabilitiesofWorkstation,thevirtualmachinemustbe runningtheversionofVMwareToolsincludedwithWorkstation7.0.Ifyoumovethe virtualmachineandwanttousethe3Dcapabilities,besureyouhavethecorrect versionofVMwareToolsinstalled.
Accelerated 3-D Restrictions

SupportforapplicationsthatuseDirectX9acceleratedgraphicsappliesonlyto WindowsXPguests,onhostsrunningWindowsXP,WindowsVista,Windows7,or Linux. Thisfeaturecurrentlyhasthefollowingrestrictions:
VMware, Inc. 169
WorkstationnowofferssupportforDirectXgamesandapplicationswithDirectX versions9andlower. Supportfor3Dapplicationsisnotoptimizedforperformance. OpenGLapplicationsruninsoftwareemulationmode. Youcannotusetherecord/replayfeaturetorecorda3Dapplication.
Prepare a Host for Accelerated 3-D

Bydefault,Direct3DtechnologyisenabledforWorkstation6andlatervirtual machines.Youmustpreparethehostfirst,thevirtualmachinesecond,andtheguest operatingsystemlast. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethehostoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,WindowsVista, Windows7,orLinux.ForWindowshosts,makesureyouhaveavideocardthat supportsDirectX9andthelatestDirectXRuntime.ForLinuxhosts,makesurethehost hasavideocardthatcanrunacceleratedOpenGL2.0.Ifyouareunsure,checkwith yourhardwaremanufacturer. To prepare a host for accelerated 3-D 1 Upgradethehostsvideodriverstothelatestversionavailable: a b 2 ATIGraphicsdriversareavailablefromtheAMDWebsite. NVIDIAdriversareavailablefromtheNVIDIAWebsite.
IfyouareusingaWindowshost,turnuphardwareaccelerationinthedisplay properties:
OnWindowsXP,rightclickthedesktopandchooseProperties>Settings> Advanced>Troubleshoot. OnWindowsVista,rightclickthedesktopandchoosePersonalize>Display Settings>AdvancedSettings>Troubleshoot>Changesettings. OnWindows7,rightclickthedesktopandchoosePersonalize>Screen resolution>AdvancedSettings>Troubleshoot>Changesettings.
MovetheHardware AccelerationsliderallthewaytotheFullposition. 3 IfyouareusingLinux,testyourLinuxhostforcompatibility: a Toverifythatdirectrenderingisenabled,run:

glxinfo | grep direct
Toensurethat3Dapplicationsworkonyourhost,run:
170
VMware, Inc.
glxgears
Afteryourhostisconfigured,configureavirtualmachineforaccelerated3D.
Prepare a Virtual Machine for Accelerated 3-D

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows Vista,orWindows7. To prepare a virtual machine for accelerated 3-D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IntheMonitorssection,ifthevirtualmachineissettousemorethanonemonitor, setittouseonlyonemonitor. Inthe3DGraphicssection,makesurethecheckboxisselectedandclickOK.
Prepare the Guest Operating System for Accelerated 3-D

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows Vista,orWindows7andmakesurethelatestversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. To prepare the guest operating system for accelerated 3-D 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. InstallDirectX9.0cEndUserRuntime. ThisdownloadisavailablefromMicrosoftDownloadCenter. 3 Installandrunyour3Dapplications.
Configuring Sound
WorkstationprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeSoundBlasterAudioPCIand supportssoundinWindows95,Windows98,WindowsMe,WindowsNT,Windows XP,WindowsVista,Windows7,WindowsServer2003,andLinuxguestoperating systems.TheWorkstationsounddeviceisenabledbydefault.
VMware, Inc.
171
Soundsupportincludespulsecodemodulation(PCM)outputandinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedbytheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnotsupported, andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests. Workstation7.0andlaterforLinuxsupportsAdvancedLinuxSoundArchitecture (ALSA) WindowsXP,WindowsVista,Windows7andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsdetect thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit. ForWindowsVistaorWindows7,whenyouinstallVMwareToolsina64bitWindows VistaorWindows7guestoperatingsystem,asounddriverisinstalled.For32bit WindowsVistaandWindows7guestsandWindows2003Serverguests,useWindows Updatetoinstalla32bitdriver.
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and NT Guests

Windows95,Windows98,Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedrivers fortheSoundBlasterAudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperatingsystems, downloadthedriverfromtheCreativeLabsWebsiteandinstallitintheguest operatingsystem. CreativeLabshasWebsitesthatservedifferentregionsoftheworld.The adaptername varies,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludesPCI128.
Using Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)

Workstation7.0andlatersupportsAdvancedLinuxSoundArchitecture(ALSA). EarlierversionsofWorkstationusedtheOpenSoundSystem(OSS)interfaceforsound playbackandrecordinginvirtualmachinesrunningonLinuxhosts.UnlikeOSS,ALSA doesnotrequireexclusiveaccesstothesounddevice.Thehostmachineandmultiple virtualmachinescanplaysoundatthesametime. BeforeyoucanuseALSAinaVMwarevirtualmachine,yoursystemmustmeetthe followingrequirements.

TheALSAlibraryversiononthehostsystemmustbeversion1.0.16orlater. ThesoundcardonyourhostmachinemustsupportALSA.Thealsaproject.org Websitemaintainsacurrentlistingofsoundcardsandchipsetsthatsupport ALSA. Thecurrentusermusthavetheappropriatepermissionstoaccessthesound device.
172
VMware, Inc.
Thesounddeviceonthehostmustnotbemuted.Youcanusethealsamixer graphicalmixerprogramtoensurethatthesounddeviceisnotmuted.Enter alsmixerfromacommandprompt.Documentationforthealsamixerprogram isavailableontheInternet.
Obtaining Sound Card Information YoucanobtaininformationaboutthesoundcardsonyourLinuxhostsystemfromthe commandline. To obtain sound card information by using the command line Atacommandprompt,enteroneofthefollowingcommands.
Command lspci | grep -i audio cat /proc/asound/cards alsamixer Description Tolistthenameandtypeofthesoundchipsetonyourhost machine Tolistthesoundcardsonyourhostmachine Todeterminewhetherthecurrentuserhastheappropriate permissionstoaccessthesounddevice
Ifthecurrentuserdoesnothavepermissions,anerrorsimilartothefollowingmessage appears: alsamixer: function snd_ctl_open failed for default: No such device. Givetheuserread,write,andexecutepermissionstothedirectorycontainingthe ASLAsounddevice.Typically,theALSAsounddeviceisfoundin/dev/snd/,butthis locationmayvary,dependingonyourdistributionofLinux. Using ALSA in a Virtual Machine YoucanconfigureyourvirtualmachinetouseALSAintheVirtualMachineSettings dialogbox. To use ALSA in a virtual machine 1 2 3 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectSoundCard. MakesurethattheConnectedandConnectatpoweroncheckboxesarechecked.
VMware, Inc.
173
SelectoneoftheConnectioncheckboxes.
Command Usedefaulthostsoundcard Specifyhostsoundcard Description TohaveWorkstationdetectthehostsoundcard Tochooseasoundcard.Makeaselectionfromthe dropdownmenu.Thedropdownmenudisplays PCMdevicesforeverysoundcardonthehostsystem.
ClickSave.
Using an ALSA Sound Device that Does Not Appear in Virtual Machine Settings FollowthisproceduretouseanALSAsounddevicethatdoesnotappearinVirtual MachineSettings. To use an ALSA sound device that does not appear in Virtual Machine Settings 1 DeterminethenameoftheALSAsounddevice. Usingthealsa-utilspackage,atacommandprompt,enteraplay -Ltolist ALSAsounddevicesonyoursystem. 2 3 4 5 6 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectSoundCard. MakesuretheConnectedandConnectatpoweroncheckboxesarechecked. SelectSpecifyhostsoundcardandenterthenameoftheALSAsounddeviceto use,forexamplefront:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 ClickSave.
Overriding the ALS Library Version Requirement IfyourhostsystemdoesnotmeetALSArequirementsorforsomeotherreasoncannot useALSA,WorkstationusestheOSSAPIforsoundplaybackandrecording. Dependingonthesoundcardinthehostcomputer,thesoundqualitymightnotbeas goodwithanolderversionoftheALSAlibrary.VMwarerecommendsthatyou upgradethehostsystemtousenewersounddriversandlibraries. IfthehostsystemhasanolderversionoftheALSAlibrary,youcanoverridethe requirementforversion1.0.16.
174
VMware, Inc.
To override the ALSA library version requirement 1 2 Openthe.vmxvirtualmachineconfigurationfilewithatexteditor. Addtheoptionsound.skipAlsaVersionCheck = "TRUE".
Install New Software in a Virtual Machine

Installingnewsoftwareinavirtualmachineislikeinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer. Onlyafewadditionalstepsarerequired. To install new software in a virtual machine 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicesandverifythatthevirtualmachinehasaccess totheCDROMdrive,ISOimagefile,orfloppydrivewheretheinstallation softwareislocated. Formoreinformation,seeAddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachineon page 246. 3 ChooseVM>SettingsandusetheMemorysettingspanelontheHardwaretabto setthefinalmemorysizeforthevirtualmachine. Someapplicationsuseaproductactivationfeaturethatcreatesakeybasedonthe virtualhardwareinthevirtualmachinewhereitisinstalled.Changesinthe configurationofthevirtualmachinemightrequireyoutoreactivatethesoftware. Tominimizethenumberofsignificantchanges,setthememorysize. 4 InstallVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102.InstallingVMwareToolsbefore installingthenewapplicationalsominimizesthelikelihoodofrequiringyouto reactivatethesoftware. 5 Installthenewapplicationaccordingtothemanufacturersinstructions.
Disable Acceleration If a Program Does Not Run

Occasionally,whenyouinstallorrunsoftwareinsideavirtualmachine,Workstation appearstofreeze.Inmanycases,youcangetpasttheproblembytemporarilydisabling accelerationinthevirtualmachine. Ifthisproblemoccurs,itusuallyoccursearlyintheprogramsexecution.
VMware, Inc.
175
To disable acceleration 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredofforon. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors. IntheExecutionModesection,selectDisableaccelerationforbinarytranslation andclickOK. Thissettingslowsdownvirtualmachineperformance.VMwarerecommendsthat youusethesettingonlyforgettingpasttheproblemwithrunningtheprogram. 5 Afteryoupassthepointwheretheprogramencounteredproblems,repeatStep 2 throughStep 4anddeselectDisableaccelerationforbinarytranslation.
Report Battery Information in the Guest

Ifyourunavirtualmachineonalaptopinfullscreenmode,configuretheoptionto reportbatteryinformationintheguest.Thisway,youcandeterminewhenthebattery isrunninglow. To report battery information in the guest 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectPower. SelecttheReportbatteryinformationtoguestcheckboxandclickOK.
Use Host Printers in a Virtual Machine

Youcanprintfromthevirtualmachinetoanyprinteravailabletothehostcomputer withoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtualmachine.TheWorkstationvirtual printerfeatureusesThinPrinttechnologytoreplicatethehostmachineprinter mappinginthevirtualmachine.Whenyouenablethevirtualprinter,Workstation configuresavirtualserialporttocommunicatewiththehostprinters.
176
VMware, Inc.
To use host printers in a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectAdd. IntheAddHardwareWizarddialogbox,selectVirtualPrinterandFinish. Thedefaultdevicesettingistoconnectthevirtualprinterwhenthevirtual machineispoweredon. WhentheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisenabled,VirtualPrinterisavailableandcannot beremoveduntiltheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisdisabled.
Use Removable Devices in a Virtual Machine

Youcanconfigureanumberofremovabledevicesforuseinavirtualmachine, includingfloppydrives,DVD/CDROMdrives,USBdevices,smartcardreaders,and networkadapters. Somedevicescannotbeusedbythehostandguestorbymultipleguestsatthesame time.Forexample,ifthehostisusingafloppydrive,youmustconnectittothevirtual machinebeforeyoucanuseitinthevirtualmachine.Bydefault,floppydriveisnot connectedwhenthevirtualmachinepowerson.Touseitonthehostagain,youmust disconnectitfromthevirtualmachine. Forinformationabouthowtoaddorconfigurespecificdevices,seeChapter 16, ConnectingDevices,onpage 327andChapter 11,UsingDisksandDiskDrives,on page 231. To use removable devices in a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><Device_Name>andthenConnect, Disconnect,oroneoftheotherchoices. IfyouchooseSettings,adialogboxappears.Makethedesiredchangesandclick OK.Ifyouneedassistance,clickHelptodisplayonlinehelp. IfthedeviceisaUSBdevice,youcanchangewhichiconisusedtorepresentthis deviceinthestatusbar.Youcanalsochoosenottodisplayaniconforthisdevice.
VMware, Inc.
177
(Optional)Toconnect,disconnect,orchangesettingsforadevice,clickor rightclickthedeviceiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbarandchoosea commandfromthecontextmenu. Usingthedeviceiconinthevirtualmachinetaskbarisespeciallyusefulifyourun thevirtualmachineinfullscreenmode.
Configure the Appliance View for a Virtual Machine

Tohaveavirtualmachinefunctionasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedinterface,setthevirtualmachinetodisplayitsapplianceviewwhen startingup. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtual machine.Forinstructionsonupgrading,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine onpage 93. Theapplianceviewdoesthefollowing:

Displaysabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance Providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole
NOTETheapplianceviewcannotbedisplayedforvirtualmachinesthatarepartofa team,justasthesummaryviewisnotdisplayedforindividualmembersofateam. To configure the appliance view for a virtual machine 1 (Optional)Tousealogointheapplianceview,createaPNGorBMPimagefilethat isnolargerthan256x256pixelsandplaceitinthedirectorythatcontainsthe.vmx fileforthevirtualmachine. Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 3 4 5 6 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectApplianceView. SelecttheEnableapplianceviewcheckbox. Completethefieldsonthissettingspaneltocreatethetextandimagesthatusers seewhenthevirtualmachinestartsup. Usethefollowinginformationtoconfigurethesettingsonthispanel:
OnlytheNamefieldisrequired.
VMware, Inc.
178
SpecifytheTCP/IPportnumberfortheappliancetousetoserveHTTP content. IfyoudonotselectSwitchtoapplianceviewatpoweron,theconsoleview appearsinsteadoftheapplianceview.Oftentheconsoleviewshowsonlya simpledisplayofthevirtualmachinesIPaddressandtellstheusertoopena browser.
ClickOK.
Whenauserstartsthisvirtualmachine,theapplianceviewappears.Apoweringon messageappears,followedbyalinktoaccesstheappliancesmanagementconsole.
Create a Screenshot of a Virtual Machine

Youcancaptureascreenshotofavirtualmachineandsaveittotheclipboard,toafile, orboth.OnLinuxhosts,savingtotheclipboardworksonlyonsystemsrunning Gnome 2.12orhigher. Bydefault,theimageissavedasaportablenetworkgraphics(.png)file.OnWindows hosts,youcanalsosaveitasabitmap(.bmp)file. To create a screenshot of a virtual machine 1 Specifyyourpreferencesfortakingscreenshots: a b c FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,usetheSavescreenshotstocheckboxestospecify whethertosavethescreenshottotheclipboard,afile,orboth. IfyouselectFile,specifywhethertosavethefiletoyourdesktoportobe promptedforthelocationwhenyoutakethescreenshot. IfyouselectSavetodesktop,thefilenameisgeneratedautomaticallyfromthe virtualmachinenameandthetimeatwhichthescreenshotistaken.Thefile formatis.pngfile. OnWindowshosts,ifyouselectAskforlocation,whenyouarepromptedfor thefilenameandpath,youcanalsochangethefileformattobitmap. d 2 ClickOK.
Totakethescreenshot,dooneofthefollowing:

FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>CaptureScreen. PressCtrl+Alt+PrtScr(onWindowshosts)orShift+Ctrl+PrtScr(onLinux hosts).
VMware, Inc.
179
Thekeyboardshortcutworksregardlessofwhethermouseandkeyboard inputiscurrentlygrabbedbythevirtualmachineorthehost. ThekeycombinationCtrl+Alt+PrtScrassumesthatyourvirtualmachineis configuredtoungrabkeyboardandmouseinputifyoupressCtrl+Alt.Ifyou configuredadifferentshortcutforungrabbinginput,usethatshortcutwith thePrtScrkey.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 73.
Create and Play Back a Movie of a Virtual Machine

Youcancaptureamovieofyourscreenactivitywithinavirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheVMwaremoviedecoder.Althoughyoucan captureamovieonLinux,youneedtoplayitbackonaWindowsmachine.The VMwareCODEC(coderdecoder)isautomaticallyinstalledwithWorkstationon Windowshosts.Aseparatelydownloadableinstallerisalsoavailabletoplayback moviesonWindowsmachineswithoutWorkstation.GototheDownloadspageonthe VMwareWebsiteandclicktheTools&DriverstabontheVMwareWorkstation downloadpage. NOTEToactuallyrecordtheexecutionofthevirtualmachineinsteadofcreatinga movie,seeChapter 12,RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity,on page 253.Youmightwanttorecordvirtualmachineexecutionfordebuggingpurposes ortoexactlyreproducethestepsthatcauseacertainbehavior. To create and play back a movie of a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>CaptureMovie. IntheSaveFiledialogbox,enterinformationforyourmovieandclickSave. Usethefollowingguidelines:
TheQualitysettingdeterminesthecompressionandthereforethefilesizeof theresultingmovie. IfyouselectOmitframesinwhichnothingoccurs,themovieincludesonly thoseperiodswhensomethingisactuallyhappeninginthevirtualmachine. Thisreducesthefilesizeandlengthofthemovie.
180
VMware, Inc.
Whilemoviecaptureisactive,aredcircle(avirtualLED)appearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.
5 6
Inthevirtualmachine,performtheactionstoappearinthemovie. Tostopthemovie,chooseVM>StopMovieCapture. Ifyoudonotwanttousethemenubarorifyouareusingthevirtualmachinein fullscreenmode,rightclickthemoviecaptureiconandchooseStopMovie Capture. Workstationsavesthisimageasan.avifileonthehost.
Playthemoviebackinanycompatiblemediaplayer.
Advanced Options for Application Developers

ApplicationdeveloperscanusethefollowingAPIs,SDKs,andIDEswhenwritingand debuggingapplicationsthatruninvirtualmachines:
VIXAPIforwritingprogramstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations TheAPI ishighlevel,easytouse,andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplication programmers.APIfunctionsallowyoutoregister,poweronoroffvirtual machines,andrunprogramsintheguestoperatingsystems.Additionallanguage bindingsareavailableforPerl,COM,andshellscripts(vmrun).Formore information,seetheVMwareVIXAPIReleaseNotes. VAssertAPIforinsertingreplayonlycodetodebugapplications The experimentalVAssertfeatureenablesyoutousevirtualassertionsasyouwould regularassertionsintheapplicationsyoudevelop.VAssertsappearonlywhenyou replayarecordingofusingtheapplicationandsoareoverheadfree.ThisAPIis currentlyavailableonlyforWindowsguests.SeetheVAssertProgrammingGuide. VProbestoolforinvestigatingguestbehavior YoucanwriteVProbesscripts thatinspectandrecordactivitiesintheguest,VMM,VMX,andvirtualdevicestate, withoutmodifyingthatstate.Forexample,VProbescantrackwhichapplications arerunningorindicatewhichprocessesarecausingpagefaults.SeetheVProbes ProgrammingReference. VMCISocketsinterface ThisfeatureisasocketsinterfacefortheVirtual MachineCommunicationInterface,whichprovidesafastermeansof communicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtualmachines. Thisfeatureiswellsuitedfordeveloperswhowanttowriteclientserver applications.SeetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide.
181
VMware, Inc.
IntegratedVirtualDebuggersforVisualStudioandEclipse Theintegrated developmentenvironment(IDE)pluginsprovideaconfigurableinterface betweenvirtualmachinesandVisualStudioorEclipsethatletsyoutest,run,and debugprogramsinvirtualmachines.SeetheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse DevelopersGuideandIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioDevelopersGuide.
182
VMware, Inc.
Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Thischapterdiscusseshowtotransferfilesbetweenthehostandguest.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

UsingtheDragandDropFeatureonpage 183 UsingtheCopyandPasteFeatureonpage 185 UsingSharedFoldersonpage 186 UsingaMappedDriveonpage 193
Using the Drag-and-Drop Feature

Usingthedraganddropfeature,youcanmovefilesanddirectories,email attachments,plaintext,andformattedtextbetweenLinuxandWindowshostsand Linux,Windows,andSolaris10guests.YoucanalsomoveimagesbetweenWindows hostsandguests.Tousethedraganddropfeature,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledon thevirtualmachine.ThisfeaturerequiresLinuxhostsandgueststorunXWindows andSolaris10gueststorunanXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome. Youcandragfilesordirectoriesbetweenthefollowinglocations:
Afilemanager,suchasWindowsExplorer,onthehosttoafilemanagerinthe virtualmachineandthereverse. Afilemanagertoanapplicationthatsupportsdraganddrop. Applicationssuchaszipfilemanagersthatsupportdraganddropextractionof individualfiles. Onevirtualmachinetoanother.
VMware, Inc.
183
Whenyoudragafileorfolderfromhosttovirtualmachineorthereverse,Workstation copiesthefileorfoldertothelocationwhereyoudropit.Forexample,ifyoudropafile onthedesktopiconofawordprocessor,thewordprocessoropenswithacopyofthe originalfile.Theoriginalfiledoesnotreflectanychangesyoumaketothecopy. Initially,theapplicationopensusingacopyofthefilethatisstoredinyourtemp directory.OnWindows,thisisthedirectoryspecifiedinthe%TEMP%environment variable,andonLinuxandSolaris,itisthe/tmp/VMwareDnDdirectory.Toprotectany changesyoumake,selectFile>SaveAsfromtheapplicationmenuandsavethefilein adifferentdirectory. YoucandragimagesbetweenapplicationsonWindowshostsandapplicationsonlyon Windowsguests,ineitherdirection.Youcanalsodragplaintext,formattedtext,and emailattachmentsbetweenapplicationsonWindowsandLinuxhostsandguestsin anycombination,ineitherdirection.Draggingemailattachmentsisespeciallyusefulin Unitymode. Thedraganddropfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:

Draggingemailattachmentsisrestrictedtoimagesorfilessmallerthan4MB. Draggingplaintextandformattedtext(includingtheformatting)isrestrictedto amountslessthan4MB. DraggingtextisrestrictedtotextinlanguagesthatcanberepresentedbyUnicode characters. WorkstationusesthePNGformattoencodeimagesthataredragged.Dragging imagesisrestrictedtoimagessmallerthan4MBafterconversiontoPNGformat. DraggingimagesisnotsupportedforLinuxhostsorguests. OnWindows95andWindows98guests,thedraganddropfeatureissupported onlyforfilesanddirectories.
Enable or Disable the Drag-and-Drop Feature

Topreventdragginganddroppingbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehost,disablethe draganddropfeature.Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledonthe virtualmachine. To enable or disable the drag-and-drop feature 1 2 3 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectGuestIsolation.
184
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
SelectordeselecttheEnabledraganddropcheckboxandclickOK.
Using the Copy and Paste Feature

Tousethecopyandpastefeature,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthevirtual machine.ThisfeaturerequiresLinuxhostsandgueststorunXWindowsandSolaris10 gueststorunanXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.Thecopyandpastefeatureworkswith LinuxandWindowshostsandLinux,Windows,andSolaris10guests. Youcancut,copy,andpastetextfromonevirtualmachinetoanother,andyoucancut, copy,andpastetextbetweenapplicationsintwovirtualmachines.Youcanalsocut, copy,andpasteimages,plaintext,formattedtext,andemailattachmentsbetween applicationsonWindowsandLinuxhostsandguestsinanycombination,ineither direction.CopyingandpastingemailattachmentsisespeciallyusefulinUnitymode. Usethenormalhotkeysormenuchoicestocutorcopyandpaste. Thecopyandpastefeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
Copyingandpastingemailattachmentsisrestrictedtoimagesorfilessmallerthan 4MB. Copyingandpastingplaintextandformattedtext(includingtheformatting)is restrictedtoamountslessthan4MB. Copyingandpastingtextisrestrictedtotextinlanguagesthatcanberepresented byUnicodecharacters. WorkstationusesthePNGformattoencodeimagesthatarecopiedandpasted. Copyingandpastingimagesisrestrictedtoimagessmallerthan4MBafter conversiontoPNGformat. Youcannotcopyandpastefilesbetweenvirtualmachines. OnWindows95andWindows98guests,copyingandpastingisrestrictedtoplain textinamountslessthan64KB.
Enable or Disable the Copy and Paste Feature

Topreventcopyingandpastingbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehost,disablethe copyandpastefeature.Beforeyoubegin,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthe virtualmachine. To enable or disable the copy and paste feature 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings.
VMware, Inc.
185
3 4
ClicktheOptionstabandselectGuestIsolation. SelectordeselecttheEnablecopyandpastecheckboxandclickOK.
Using Shared Folders

Withsharedfoldersyoucansharefilesamongvirtualmachinesandthehostcomputer. Youchooseadirectoryonthehostoronanetworkdirectorythatisaccessibletothe host,andyougiveitthenameyouwanttouseontheguest. Youcanusesharedfolderswithvirtualmachinesrunningthefollowingguest operatingsystemsandonallsupportedhostsystems:

WindowsServer2003 WindowsXP Windows2000 WindowsNT4.0 WindowsVista Windows7 Linuxwithakernelversionof2.6orhigher Solarisx8610 Solarisx8610Update1andhigher
Set Up Shared Folders

Sharedfoldersprovideaneasywaytosharefilesamongvirtualmachines,andbetween virtualmachinesandthehost.Thedirectoriesyouaddassharedfolderscanbeonthe hostcomputerortheycanbenetworkdirectoriesaccessiblefromthehostcomputer. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied:
Makesurethevirtualmachinesuseaguestoperatingsystemthatsupportsshared folders.Foralistofsupportedguestoperatingsystems,seeUsingShared Foldersonpage 186. VerifythatthecurrentversionofVMwareToolsinstalledintheguestoperating system.SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102.
186
VMware, Inc.
Checkpermissionsettings.Accesstofilesinthesharedfolderisgovernedby permissionsettingsonthehostcomputer.Forexample,ifyouarerunning WorkstationasausernamedUser,thevirtualmachinecanreadandwritefilesin thesharedfolderonlyifUserhaspermissiontoreadandwritethem.For informationabouthowpermissionsettingaremappedbetweenLinuxand Windows,seeImprovedHandlingofPermissionsonpage 193.
Tosetupafolderforsharingbetweenvirtualmachines,configureeachvirtualmachine tousethesamedirectoryonthehostsystem(oronthenetwork). To set up shared folders 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstationandselectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. SelectAlwaysenabledorEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspend. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingenablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orrestartthevirtualmachine.Youmustselectthisoptionor AlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolderssection. 5 (Optional)Foreasyaccess,selecttheMapasanetworkdriveinWindowsguests checkboxtomapadrivetotheShared Foldersdirectory. Thisdirectorycontainsallthesharedfoldersyouenable.Thedriveletterisselected automatically. 6 ClickAdd. OnWindows,clickingAddstartstheAddSharedFolderwizard.OnLinux,it openstheSharedFolderPropertiesdialogbox. 7 UsethefollowinginformationtocompletethewizardorPropertiesdialogbox:
NameNamethatappearsinsidethevirtualmachine. Charactersthattheguestoperatingsystemconsidersillegalinasharename appeardifferentlywhenviewedinsidetheguest.Forexample,ifyouusean asteriskinasharename,yousee%002Ainsteadof*inthesharenameonthe guest.IllegalcharactersareconvertedtotheirASCIIhexadecimalvalue.
HostfolderPathonthehosttothedirectorythatyouwanttoshare. Ifyouspecifyadirectoryonanetworkshare,suchasD:\share,Workstation alwaysattemptstousethatpath.Ifthedirectoryislaterconnectedtothehost onadifferentdriveletter,thesharedfoldercannotbelocated.
VMware, Inc.
187
EnabledorEnablethisshareDeselectthisoptiontodisableasharedfolder withoutdeletingitfromthevirtualmachineconfiguration.Youcanenablethe folderbyselectingthecheckboxnexttoitsnameinthelist. Toenableafolderatalatertimeselectitsnameinthelist,clickProperties,and enablethefolderinthePropertiesdialogbox.
ReadonlySelectthisoptiontopreventthevirtualmachinefromchanging thecontentsofthesharedfolderinthehostfilesystem.Accesstofilesinthe sharedfolderisalsogovernedbypermissionsettingsonthehostcomputer.
Tochangetheseproperties,usethePropertiesdialogbox.OnWindows,afteryou selectSharedFoldersontheOptionstab,clickProperties. 8 (Optional)Toenablesharedfoldersforavirtualmachineafterasharedfolderis created,ontheSharedFolderssettingspanel,usetheFolderSharingsection:
SelectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendtoenablefoldersharing temporarily,untilyoupowerofforsuspendthevirtualmachine. IfyouselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendandrestarttheguestor usetheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdown,sharedfoldersarenotdisabled whenyourestartthevirtualmachine.
SelectAlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolders section.
Accesstheenabledsharedfolder:
ForWindowsguests,seeViewSharedFoldersinaWindowsGueston page 190. OnLinuxguests,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnSolarisguests,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
Enabling and Disabling Shared Folders

Youcanenablesharedfoldersforvirtualmachinescreatedbyotherusers,enableor disableallfoldersharingforaspecificvirtualmachine,andenableaspecificshared folderforavirtualmachine. CAUTIONEnablingallsharedfolderscanposeasecurityriskbecauseasharedfolder mightenableexistingprogramsinsidethevirtualmachinetoaccessthehostfilesystem withoutyourknowledge.
188
VMware, Inc.
Enable Shared Folders for Virtual Machines Created By Other Users

Asharedfolderisdisabledbydefaultifitwasnotcreatedbytheuserwhopowerson thevirtualmachine.Thisisasecurityprecaution. FoldersharingisalsodisabledbydefaultforWorkstation4and5.xvirtualmachines regardlessofwhocreatedthefolder. To enable shared folders for virtual machines created by other users 1 2 ChooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,intheVirtualMachinessection,selectEnableallshared foldersbydefault. Thissettingappliestosharedfoldersonallvirtualmachinesthatarecreatedby otherusers,suchasappliancedevelopers. Youcannowspecifywhichvirtualmachinescansharefoldersandwhichfolderscan beshared.
Enable or Disable Folder Sharing for Specific Virtual Machines

Toreducethesecuritythreatofenablingallsharedfolders,youmustspecifywhether aspecificvirtualmachineisallowedtosharefoldersandthenspecifywhichfoldersto share. To enable or disable folder sharing for specific virtual machines 1 2 3 4 Selectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. UsethebuttonsintheFolderSharingsectiontoenableordisablesharedfolders andclickOK. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingenablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orrestartthevirtualmachine.Youmustselectthisoptionor AlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolderssection. 5 IfthevirtualmachinehasaWindowsoperatingsystem,selectwhethertomapa networkdrive. OnWindows,ifyoudisablesharedfolders,afteryoupoweronavirtualmachine andattempttoselectamappeddrivetothesharedfolder,youreceiveamessage thattheconnectioncannotbemade.
VMware, Inc.
189
Afteryouenablefoldersharingforavirtualmachine,specifywhichfolderscanbe shared.
Specify Which Folders to Share

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineisallowedtosharefolders.See EnableorDisableFolderSharingforSpecificVirtualMachinesonpage 189. To specify which folders to share 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings>Options>SharedFolders. IntheFolderslistforthevirtualmachine,selectthecheckboxnexttothenameof thesharedfolderthatyouwanttoenable. (Optional)Tomakethesharedfolderreadonly,selectthesharedfolderandclick Properties,selectthereadonlycheckboxandclickOK.
Viewing a Shared Folder

Viewingsharedfoldersinaguestvariesbasedonwhethertheguestoperatingsystem isWindows,Solaris,orLinux.Youcanusesharedfolderstoshareanytypeoffiles. Todeterminewhichfoldersonthehostarebeingsharedwithavirtualmachine,choose VM>Settings>Options>SharedFolderstoseealistofthesharedfoldersandthe directorypathstothem. CAUTIONDonotopenafileinasharedfolderfrommorethanoneapplicationatatime. Forexample,donotopenthesamefileusinganapplicationonthehostoperating systemandanotherapplicationintheguestoperatingsystem.Ifoneoftheapplications writestothefile,datacorruptioncanoccur.
View Shared Folders in a Windows Guest

InaWindowsguestoperatingsystem,youcanviewsharedfoldersusingdesktop icons. NOTEIfyourguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsfromWorkstation4.0,shared foldersappearasfoldersonadesignateddriveletter.
190
VMware, Inc.
To view shared folders in a Windows guest
LookinMyNetworkPlaces>EntireNetwork(NetworkNeighborhoodfora WindowsNTguest,orNetworkforWindowsVistaandWindows7)under VMwareSharedFolders. Ifyouhavetroublefindingasharedfolderusingthedesktopicon,openWindows ExplorerandlookinMyNetworkPlaces(orNetworkNeighborhood).
Toviewaspecificsharedfolder,dooneofthefollowing:
NavigatetoitontheguestsystembyopeningMyNetworkPlaces>Entire Network>VMwareSharedFolders>vmwarehost>SharedFolders> <shared_folder_name>. GodirectlytothefolderusingtheUNCpath \\vmware-host\Shared Folders\<shared_folder_name>.
View Shared Folders in a Linux or Solaris 10 Guest

Forinformationaboutpermissionsettingsonthefilesyouview,alsoseePermissions andFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuestsonpage 191. To view shared folders in a Linux or Solaris 10 guest

OnaLinuxvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnaSolarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
Permissions and Folder Mounting for Shared Folders on Linux Guests

TheversionofVMwareToolsincludedinWorkstation7.0containsperformance improvements,supportforsymboliclinksifyouuseaLinuxhost,anewmechanism formountingsharedfolders,andpermissionsenhancements.
Performance Improvements
Hostguestfilesharingisintegratedwiththeguestpagecache.Filesinsharedfolders arecachedforreadingandcanbewrittentoasynchronously.However,youdonot experiencethereadcachingbenefitsonfilesthatarebeingactivelywrittentofromthe guest. Tospeedperformance,usethettl(timetolive)optiontothemountcommand.Usethis optiontospecifytheintervalusedbythehgfs(hostguestfilesystem)driverfor validatingfileattributes.Forexample,ifyouusethefollowingcommand,attributesare validatedevery3secondsinsteadofevery1second,whichisthedefault:
VMware, Inc. 191
mount -o ttl=3 -t vmhgfs .host:/<share> <mountpoint>
NOTELengtheningtheintervalinvolvessomerisk.Ifaprocessinthehostmodifiesa filesattributes,theguestmightnotgetthemodificationsasquickly,andthefilecan becomecorrupted.
Folder Mounting
Thismechanismallowsyoutomountoneormoredirectoriesorsubdirectoriesina sharedfoldertoanylocationinyourfilesysteminadditiontothedefaultlocationof /mnt/hgfs.Youcanusethemountprogramtomountallshares,oneshare,ora subdirectorywithinasharetoanylocationinyourfilesystem.Thefollowingtable providesexamples.
Command mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /home/user1/shares mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo /tmp/foo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo/bar /var/lib/bar Description Mountsallsharesto /home/user1/shares Mountsthesharenamedfooto /tmp/foo Mountsthesubdirectorybarwithin thesharefooto/var/lib/bar
Whenyouusethemountprogram,youcanuseVMwarespecificoptionsinadditionto thestandardmountsyntax.Toseeusageinformationforthehostguestfilesystem options,enterthiscommand:

/sbin/mount.vmhgfs -h
NOTEWhenyouinstallVMwareTools,anentryismadetoetc/fstabtospecifythe locationofsharedfolders.Youcaneditthisfiletochangeoraddentries. Tousemountinthisway,youmustusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorin Workstationtosetupandenableasharedfolder.Aftertheshareexists,youcanmount thesharedfoldertootherlocationsbesidesthedefault. InpreviousversionsofVMwareTools,whenaLinuxguestattemptedtomounta sharedfolder,thevmware-guestdprogramattemptedtoperformthemount.Ifit failed,theonlyevidenceofthefailurewasanemptyfolder. WiththenewversionofVMwareTools,theToolsservicesscriptloadsadriverthat performsthemount.Ifthemountfails,amessageappearsregardingmountingHGFS shares.
192
VMware, Inc.
Themountcanfailifsharedfoldersaredisabledorifthesharedoesnotexist.Youare notpromptedtoreruntheVMwareToolsconfigurator(the vmware-config-tools.plfile).
Improved Handling of Permissions

ManyrefinementshavebeenmadeforLinuxguestsonbothLinuxandWindowshosts:
IfyouuseaLinuxhostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinuxguest, thefilepermissionsshownontheguestareexactlythesameasthoseonthehost. Usefmaskanddmasktomaskpermissionsbitsforfilesanddirectories.
IfyouuseaWindowshostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinux guest,readonlyfilesaredisplayedashavingreadandexecutepermissionfor everyone,andotherfilesareshownasfullywritablebyeveryone. IfyouuseaLinuxguesttocreatefilesforwhichyouwanttorestrictpermissions, usethemountprogramwiththefollowingoptionsintheguest:uid,gid,fmask, dmask,ro(readonly),andrw(readwrite).Notethatrwisthedefault. IfyouareusingavirtualmachinecreatedwiththeWindowsversionof WorkstationorapreviousreleaseoftheLinuxversionofWorkstation,youcan changeonlytheownerpermissions.Thisbehavioristhesameasinprevious releases.
Using a Mapped Drive

Youcanmapavirtualdisktoahostinsteadofusingsharedfoldersorcopyingdata betweenaguestandhost.Inthiscase,youcanmapavirtualdiskinahostfilesystem asaseparatemappeddrive.Usingamappeddriveletsyouconnecttothevirtualdisk withoutgoingintoavirtualmachine. Afteryoumapadrivetothevirtualdisk,youarenotabletopoweronanyvirtual machinethatusesthatdiskuntilyoudisconnectitfromthehost. YoucanuseWorkstationtomapthedisktoadriveonthehost,andtodisconnectthe drive.OnWindows,ifyouattempttousethehostsMyComputer>Tools>Disconnect NetworkDrivecommand,youwillnotseethemappeddriveletterinthelistof networkdrives.
Map or Mount a Virtual Disk to a Drive on the Host

Beforeyoubegintomapavirtualdisk,makesurethatallvirtualmachinesthatusethe diskarepoweredoff.Also,takethefollowingconsiderationsintoaccount:
VMware, Inc.
193
YoucanmountvolumesformattedwithFAT(12/16/32)orNTFSonly.Ifthevirtual diskhasamixofpartitions(volumes)where,forexample,apartitionis unformattedorisformattedwithaLinuxoperatingsystemandanotherpartition isformattedwithaWindowsoperatingsystem,youcanmounttheWindows partitiononly. Youcanmountavirtualdiskthathasasnapshot,butifyouwritetothedisk,you canirreparablydamageasnapshotorlinkedclonepreviouslycreatedfromthe virtualmachine. Youcannotmountavirtualdiskifanyofits.vmdkfilesarecompressedorhave readonlypermissions.Changetheseattributesbeforemountingthevirtualdisk. Youcannotmapormountavirtualdiskthatisencrypted. CAUTIONVMwarerecommendsthatyouleavethecheckboxcalledOpenfilein readonlymodeselectedintheMapaVirtualDiskdialogbox.Thissetting preventsyoufromaccidentallywritingdatatoavirtualdiskthatmightbethe parentofasnapshotorlinkedclone.Writingtosuchadiskmightmakethe snapshotorcloneunusable.
To map or mount a virtual disk to a drive on the host 1 Openthemenutomountavirtualdisktoadriveonthehost.

OnWindows,selectFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. OnLinux,selectFile>MountorUnmountVirtualDisks.
Mapormountavirtualdisk.

OnWindows,intheMaporDisconnectVirtualDrivesdialogbox,clickMap. OnLinux,intheMountorUnmountVirtualDrivesdialogbox,clickMount Disk.
3 4 5
Inthedialogbox,clickBrowse,navigatetoadiskfile(.vmdkfile),selectit,and clickOpen. Selectthevolumetomapormount,andselectadriveletterthatisnotbeingused onyourhost. ClickOKorMount. Thedriveappearsonyourhost.Fromthehost,youcanreadfromorwritetofiles onthemappedvirtualdisk.
(Optional)Toviewamappeddrive,chooseVM>Settings>Hardware,select HardDiskandclickUtilities>MaporMountDisk.
VMware, Inc.
194
Whenyouarereadytounmaporunmountthedrive,seeDisconnecttheHostfrom theVirtualDiskonpage 195.
Disconnect the Host from the Virtual Disk

Toaccessthemappedvirtualdiskfromavirtualmachineagain,youmustdisconnect it.Youcandisconnectthehostfromthevirtualdiskusingtwodifferentmethods. To disconnect the host from the virtual disk Dooneofthefollowing:
UsetheFilemenuinWorkstation: a b c d ChooseFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisksorMountorUnmount VirtualDisks. Inthedialogbox,selectavolumetodisconnectandclickDisconnector Unmount. Ifyoureceiveanerrormessageaskingwhethertoforciblydisconnect,click Yes. ClickOK.
UsetheVMmenuforaselectedvirtualmachine: a b ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware. SelecttheharddiskandclickUtilities>DisconnectorUnmount.
Youcannowpoweronanyvirtualmachinethatusesthisdisk.
VMware, Inc.
195
196
VMware, Inc.
Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Suspendingavirtualmachineletsyousavethecurrentstatesothatyoucancontinue worklaterfromthesamestate.Takingasnapshotletsyoupreservethestateofthe virtualmachinesoyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly.Thischapterincludes thefollowingtopics:

UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 197 UsingSnapshotsonpage 199
Using the Suspend and Resume Features

Youcanusethesuspendandresumefeaturestosavethecurrentstateofavirtual machine.Whenyouresume,anyapplicationsyouwererunningwhenyoususpended thevirtualmachineareresumedintheirrunningstate,andthecontentisthesameas whenyoususpendedthevirtualmachine. Thespeedofthesuspendandresumeoperationsdependsonhowmuchdatachanged sincethevirtualmachinestarted.Ingeneral,thefirstsuspendoperationtakeslonger thanlatersuspendoperations. Whenyouresumeanddoadditionalworkinthevirtualmachine,youcannotreturnto thestatethevirtualmachinewasinatthetimeyoususpended.Topreservethestateof thevirtualmachinesothatyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly,takeasnapshot, asdescribedinUsingSnapshotsonpage 199.
Use Hard Suspend or Soft Suspend

YoucanconfiguretheSuspendbuttonormenucommandtorunaVMwareToolsscript intheguestoperatingsystembeforedoingthesuspendoperation.Thisconfiguration iscalledasoftsuspend.
VMware, Inc. 197
Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. OnWindowsguests,whenyoudoasoftsuspend,ascriptreleasestheIPaddressifthe guestoperatingsystemisusingDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,the scriptstopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.WhenyouusetheResumecommand onWindowsguests,ascriptgetsanewIPaddressfromDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,and Solarisguests,networkingrestarts. To use hard suspend or soft suspend 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectPower. InthePowercontrolssection,specifyahardsuspend(Suspend)orasoftsuspend (SuspendGuest)operation. ClickOK.
Suspend or Resume a Virtual Machine

Thesuspendandresumefeaturesletyousavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachine andcontinueworklaterfromthesamestate. Beforesuspendingavirtualmachine,specifywhethertostopnetworkingbefore suspending.SeeUseHardSuspendorSoftSuspendonpage 197. To suspend or resume a virtual machine Dooneofthefollowing:
Tosuspendavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Power>Suspend. Ifthevirtualmachineisrunninginfullscreenmode,whichhidesthetoolbar, returntowindowedmodebypressingtheCtrl+Alt+Enterkeycombination. Whenyoususpendavirtualmachine,afilewitha.vmssextensioniscreatedin theworkingdirectory.
Toresumeasuspendedvirtualmachinethatyoususpended,selectthevirtual machineandchooseVM>Power>Resume. Whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itsstateisrestoredfromthe.vmssfile.
198
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Using Snapshots
Takingsnapshotsletsyoupreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesothatyoucan returntothesamestaterepeatedly.
Scenarios for Using Multiple Snapshots

Youcantakemultiplesnapshotsofavirtualmachine.
Snapshots in a Linear Process

Takingsnapshotsinalinearprocessmeanstakingasnapshot,continuingtousethe virtualmachinefromthatpoint,takinganothersnapshotatalaterpoint,andsoon. Eachsnapshotisarestorationpointinasinglelongsequence. Figure 9-1. Snapshots as Restoration Points in a Linear Process
Windows operating system
lesson 1
lesson 2
lesson 3
lesson 4
lesson 5
Workstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachlinearprocess. Usesnapshotsinalinearprocessforthefollowingsituations:
Youplantomakeriskychangesinavirtualmachine,suchasbytestingnew softwareorexaminingavirus.Beforeaddingnew,untestedcodetoaproject,take asnapshot. Youcanalwaysreverttoapreviousknownworkingstateoftheprojectifthenew codedoesnotworkasexpected.Ifthenewcodecausesnoproblems,youcantake anothersnapshotofthevirtualmachineinitsnewstate. NOTEYoucanconfigureavirtualmachinetotakeasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff,preservingavirtualaudittrailasworkprogresses.SeeTakeor ReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOffonpage 208.
Youcreateatrainingcourseandwanttosavethestateofthevirtualmachineina snapshotateachlessonsstartingpoint.Youcanusethesnapshotstoskiplengthy computerpreparationtime. Youcanalsoconfigurethevirtualmachinetoreverttoasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff.Eachtimeanewclassbeginsalesson,thepreviousstudentsworkis discarded.SeeRevertatPowerOffonpage 207.
VMware, Inc.
199
Snapshots in a Process Tree

Youcansaveanumberofsequencesasbranchesfromasinglebaseline,asFigure 92 shows.Thisstrategyisoftenusedintestingsoftware.Youcantakeasnapshotbefore installingdifferentversionsofaprogramtoensurethateachinstallationbeginsfrom anidenticalbaseline. Figure 9-2. Snapshots as Restoration Points in a Process Tree
Windows operating system
baseline
IE base
Firefox base
SP1
IE base1
You Are Here
Firefox base1
SP2
IE base2
Firefox base2
AlthoughWorkstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachbranchinaprocess tree,keepingmorethan99mightcausetheguestoperatingsystemtohaveproblems booting.Deletesomesnapshotsormakeafullcloneofthevirtualmachine.
Snapshot Relationships
Therelationshipbetweensnapshotsislikeaparentchildrelationship:
Inalinearprocess,eachsnapshothasoneparentandonechild,exceptforthelast snapshot,whichhasnochildren. Inaprocesstree,eachsnapshothasoneparent,butonesnapshotcanhavemore thanonechild.Manysnapshotshavenochildren.
200
VMware, Inc.
Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate(the YouAreHerepositioninFigure 93)isbased.Afteryoutakeasnapshot,thatstored stateistheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Ifyourevertorgotoanearlier snapshot,theearliersnapshotbecomestheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine. Figure 9-3. Parent-Child Relationship Between Snapshots
Snapshots 2, 3, and 4 are all children of Snapshot1.
Snapshot 4 is the parent of the You Are Here position and therefore the parent of the virtual machine.
Information Captured by Snapshots

Asnapshotcapturestheentirestateofthevirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethe snapshot.Thisincludes:

MemorystateContentsofthevirtualmachinememory SettingsstateVirtualmachinesettings DiskstateStateofallthevirtualdisks
Thestateofaphysicaldiskisnotpreservedwhenyoutakeasnapshot.However,the stateofanindependentdiskisnotaffectedbysnapshots. Snapshotsoperateonindividualvirtualmachines.Ifyouselectateamofvirtual machinesandtakeasnapshot,onlythestateoftheactivevirtualmachineispreserved. SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 271. Whenyoureverttoasnapshot,youreturnthememory,settings,andvirtualdisksof thevirtualmachinetothestatetheywereinwhenyoutookthesnapshot.Tosuspend, poweron,orpoweroffthevirtualmachinewhenyoulaunchit,besureitisinthatstate whenyoutakethesnapshot.
Snapshot Conflicts
Avoidtakingasnapshotwhenapplicationsinthevirtualmachinearecommunicating withothercomputers,especiallyinproductionenvironments.
VMware, Inc.
201
Supposeyoutakeasnapshotwhilethevirtualmachineisdownloadingafilefroma serveronthenetwork.Afteryoutakethesnapshot,thevirtualmachinecontinues downloadingthefile,communicatingitsprogresstotheserver.Ifyoureverttothe snapshot,communicationsbetweenthevirtualmachineandtheserverareconfused andthefiletransferfails. Orconsideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhileanapplicationinthevirtual machineissendingatransactiontoadatabaseonaseparatemachine.Ifyourevertto thatsnapshotafterthetransactionstartsbutbeforeitiscommitted,thedatabaseis likelytobeconfused.
Enable or Disable Background Snapshots

Whenyousetapreferencetotakesnapshotsinthebackground,youcancontinue workingwhilethestateofthevirtualmachineisbeingpreserved.Aprogressindicator forthebackgroundsnapshotisdisplayedinoneofthecornersoftheWorkstation window. Beforeyoubegin,onLinuxhosts,runWorkstationastherootuser.Onlyrootusersare allowedtochangethispreferencesetting. IfyoutakeanothersnapshotorreverttoasnapshotbeforeWorkstationcompletesa pendingsnapshotoperation,aprogressdialogboxappears.Youmustwaitforthe pendingsnapshotoperationtofinishbeforethenextsnapshotorresumeoperation begins. Enablingbackgroundsnapshotsforahostwithslowharddiskscanadverselyaffect performance.Ifyouexperiencesignificantperformanceproblemswhentakingor restoringsnapshots,disablebackgroundsnapshots. To enable or disable background snapshots 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClickthePrioritytab. UsethecheckboxintheSnapshotssectiontoenableordisablebackground snapshots. ClickOKandrestartthevirtualmachine.
202
VMware, Inc.
Exclude a Virtual Disk from Snapshots

Incertainconfigurations,youmightwanttorevertsomediskstoasnapshotwhile otherdisksretainallchanges.Forexample,youmightwantasnapshottopreservea diskwithyouroperatingsystemandapplications,whilealwayskeepingthechanges toadiskwithyourdocuments. Youcanexcludevirtualdisksfromasnapshotbychangingthediskmode.Beforeyou begin,poweroffthevirtualmachineanddeleteanyexistingsnapshots. To exclude a virtual disk from snapshots 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthedrivetoexcludeandclickAdvanced. SelectIndependentandselectoneofthefollowingoptions:
PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforreset.
Snapshot Manager Overview

Youcanreviewallsnapshotsfortheactivevirtualmachineandactonthemdirectlyin thesnapshotmanager.
VMware, Inc.
203
Table 91identifiestheiconsthatyoumightseeinthesnapshottreeofthesnapshot manager. Table 9-1. Snapshot Manager Icons
Snapshotofavirtualmachinethatispoweredoff
Snapshotofavirtualmachinethatispoweredon
Snapshotusedtocreatealinkedclone
Recordingofavirtualmachine
AutoProtectsnapshot
YouAreHereicon
Thesnapshottreeshowsallsnapshotsforthevirtualmachineandtherelationship betweensnapshots.TheYouAreHereiconisnotasnapshot.Itshowsthecurrentstate ofthevirtualmachine.SeeSnapshotRelationshipsonpage 200. NOTEPointtoasnapshot(withoutclicking)todisplaythecompletenameofthat snapshot. MostsnapshotmanageractionsareavailableasmenucommandsfromtheVM> Snapshotmenu.Thefollowingactions,however,areavailableonlyfromthesnapshot manager:
RenamingasnapshotTheNametextboxiseditable.Ifyourenameasnapshot foraclonedvirtualmachine,usetheDescriptionfieldforfutureidentification.
VMware, Inc.
204
ChangingoraddingadescriptionTheDescriptiontextboxiseditable. DeletingasnapshotSeeDeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 207.
OnLinuxhosts,thesnapshotmanagerhasaslightlydifferentappearance.OnLinux hosts,rightclickthetoolbartochangetheiconstyle.Youcandisplayiconsandtext, iconsonly,textonly,andsoon.
Open and Use the Snapshot Manager

Usethesnapshotmanagertoreviewallsnapshotsfortheactivevirtualmachineandact onthemdirectly. To open and use the snapshot manager 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selectasnapshotorrecordingandclickthebuttonforthedesiredaction. Toselectmorethanonesnapshotorrecording,Ctrl+clickthedesiredsnapshots andrecordings. IftheTakeSnapshotbuttonisdisabled,itmightbebecausethevirtualmachine hasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes.Forexample,ifyouhaveaspecial purposeconfigurationthatrequiresyoutouseanindependentdisk,youmust poweroffthevirtualmachinebeforetakingasnapshot.
Take a Snapshot
Youcanusuallytakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff, orsuspended. Followingaretheprerequisitesfortakingasnapshot:

Anysuspendoperationsmustbecomplete. Thevirtualmachineisnotcommunicatingwithanothercomputer.SeeSnapshot Conflictsonpage 201. Ifyouruseofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,theguest operatingsystemsdrivesaredefragmented.SeeDefragmentVirtualDiskson page 235. Ifthevirtualmachinehasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes,thevirtual machineispoweredoff.Forexample,ifaspecialpurposeconfigurationrequires youtouseanindependentdisk,youmustpoweroffthevirtualmachinebefore takingasnapshot.
205
VMware, Inc.
IfthevirtualmachinewascreatedwithWorkstation4deleteanyexisting snapshotsorupgradethevirtualmachinetoWorkstation5.xorhigher.See ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
To take a snapshot 1 2 3 ChooseVM>Snapshot>Take Snapshot. Enterauniquename. (Optional)Enteradescription. Usethisfieldtorecordnotesaboutthevirtualmachinestatecapturedinthe snapshot. 4 ClickOK.
Rename a Snapshot or Recording

Usethesnapshotmanagertochangethenameofasnapshotoritsdescriptionatany time. To rename a snapshot or recording 1 2 3 ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selectthesnapshotorrecording. EditthetextintheNametextboxandclickClose. Ifyourenameasnapshotforaclonedvirtualmachine,usetheDescriptionfieldto specifywhichvirtualmachinewascloned.
Restore an Earlier State from a Snapshot

RestoreasnapshotinWorkstationbyusingtheRevertandGotocommands. TheRevertcommandhasthesameeffectasusingtheGotocommandandselecting theparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Itrevertstotheparentsnapshotofthe currentstate.ThisstatecorrespondstotheYouAreHerepositioninthesnapshot manager.SeeSnapshotRelationshipsonpage 200. TheGotocommandisnotlimitedtotheparentsnapshotofthecurrentstate.Youcan chooseanyexistingsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.
206
VMware, Inc.
CAUTIONIfyouaddanindependentdisktoavirtualmachineandtakeasnapshot, revertingtothesnapshotwillnotaffectthestateoftheindependentdisk. Butifyoutakeasnapshotofavirtualmachineandthenaddanykindofdisk,reverting tothesnapshotwillremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine.Ifassociateddisk (.vmdk)filesarenotusedbyanothersnapshot,thediskfilesaredeleted. To restore an earlier state from a snapshot Dooneofthefollowing:

Toreverttotheparentsnapshot,chooseVM>Snapshot>ReverttoSnapshot. Toreverttoasnapshotthatisnottheparent,chooseVM>Snapshotandselectthe snapshotname. Tosetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshoteverytimethevirtual machineispoweredoff,seeRevertatPowerOffonpage 207. NOTEThelistofsnapshotsinVM>SnapshotdoesnotshowanAutoProtect snapshotuntilyourestorethatsnapshotinthesnapshotmanager.Usethe snapshotmanager(VM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager)todisplayandrestore AutoProtectsnapshots.
Revert at Power Off

Youcansetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshotanytimeitispowered off.Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate (theYouAreHereposition)isbased. To set a virtual machine to revert to a snapshot at power off 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. IntheWhenpoweringoffsection,selectReverttosnapshot.
Delete a Snapshot or a Recording

Inmostcases,deletingasnapshotorrecordingdoesnotaffectothersnapshots, recordings,orthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachine.Usethesnapshotmanagerto deleteasnapshot.
VMware, Inc.
207
CAUTIONIfasnapshotisusedtocreateaclone,thesnapshotbecomeslocked.Ifyou deletealockedsnapshot,theclonescreatedfromthatsnapshotnolongeroperate. Youcannotdeleteasnapshotiftheassociatedvirtualmachineisdesignatedasa templateforcloning.SeeEnableTemplateModeforaParentVirtualMachineof LinkedClonesonpage 217. To delete a snapshot or recording 1 2 3 SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. (Optional)TodeleteAutoProtectsnapshots,makesurethatShowAutoProtect snapshotsisselected. Selectanoptiontodeleteasnapshotorrecording:

Todeleteasinglesnapshotorrecording,selectitandclickDelete. Todeleteasnapshotorrecordingandallofitschildren,rightclickitandselect DeleteSnapshot/RecordingandChildren. IfthechildrenofthesnapshotincludeAutoProtectsnapshots,theAutoProtect snapshotsaredeletedonlyifShowAutoProtectsnapshotsisselected.
Todeleteallsnapshotsandrecordings,rightclickasnapshotorrecording, selectSelectAll,andclickDelete.
Whenpromptedtoconfirmthedeletion,clickOK,andclickCloseinthesnapshot manager.
Take or Revert to a Snapshot at Power Off

Youcansetavirtualmachinetoautomaticallyreverttoasnapshotortotakeanew snapshotwheneveryoupoweroffthevirtualmachine. To take a snapshot or revert to one at power off 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. SelectanoptionintheWhenpoweringoffsection:
JustpoweroffPowersoffwithoutmakinganychangestosnapshots.
208
VMware, Inc.
ReverttosnapshotRevertstotheparentsnapshotofthecurrentstateofthe virtualmachine(thatis,theparentsnapshotoftheYouAreHerepositionin theSnapshotManagerwindow). Aninstructormightusethissettingtodiscardstudentanswersforacomputer lessonwhenavirtualmachineispoweredoffattheendofclass.
TakeanewsnapshotTakesasnapshotofthevirtualmachinestateafteritis poweredoff.Thisisusefultopreservemilestonesautomatically.Thesnapshot appearsinthesnapshotmanager.Thenameofthissnapshotisthedateand timethevirtualmachinewaspoweredoff.ThedescriptionisAutomatic snapshotcreatedwhenpoweringoff. AskmePromptsyou,everytimeyoupoweroffavirtualmachine,chooseto poweroff,revert,ortakeasnapshot.
ClickOK.
Using AutoProtect Snapshots

TheAutoProtectfeaturepreservesthestateofyourvirtualmachinebytaking snapshotsatregularintervalsthatyouspecify.Thisprocessisinadditiontomanual snapshots,whichyoucantakeatanytime. YoucansetAutoProtectoptionsintheOptionstaboftheVirtualMachineSettings window(VM>Settings).YouselecttheintervaloftimebetweenAutoProtect snapshotsandthemaximumnumberofsnapshotsthatwillberetained.Afterthe maximumnumberofAutoProtectsnapshotsisreached,Workstationdeletestheoldest AutoProtectsnapshoteachtimeanewAutoProtectsnapshotistaken.Basedonthe settingsyouenter,WorkstationretainsaselectionofAutoProtectsnapshotsovera rangeoftime.WorkstationdisplaysthisselectionintheVirtualMachineSettings window,alongwithanestimateoftheminimumamountofdiskspacetakenby AutoProtectsnapshots.ThisminimumisaffectedbytheMemorysettinginVirtual MachineSettings.Themorevirtualmemoryyourvirtualmachinehas,themoredisk spaceisavailableforAutoProtectsnapshots. TheintervalbetweenAutoProtectsnapshotsismeasuredonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Forexample,supposeyousetAutoProtecttotakesnapshots hourly,andthenpoweroffthevirtualmachinefiveminuteslater.ThenextAutoProtect snapshottakesplace55minutesafteryoupoweronthevirtualmachineagain, regardlessofthelengthoftimethevirtualmachinewaspoweredoff.
VMware, Inc.
209
AutoProtect Restrictions
TheAutoProtectfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
BecauseAutoProtecttakessnapshotsonlywhileavirtualmachineispoweredon, AutoProtectsnapshotscannotbecloned.Youcancloneavirtualmachineonlyifit ispoweredoff. AutoProtectsnapshotsarenottakeninVMwarePlayer,evenifAutoProtectwas enabledforthevirtualmachineinWorkstation. AutoProtectsnapshotsarenottakenwhileyouareusingtheRecord/Replay feature.
Set Up Automatic Snapshots with AutoProtect

YoucansetWorkstationtotakesnapshotsofyourvirtualmachineatregularintervals, withtheAutoProtectfeature. To set up automatic snapshots with AutoProtect 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. OntheOptionstab,underSettings,selectAutoProtect. SelectEnableAutoProtect. Selecttheintervalbetweensnapshots. SelectthemaximumnumberofAutoProtectsnapshotstoretain. Thissettingdoesnotaffectthenumberofregularsnapshotsyoucantakeandkeep. 7 SelectOK.
Preserve AutoProtect Snapshots from Being Deleted

AfterWorkstationhastakenthemaximumnumberofAutoProtectsnapshotsthatyou specifywhenyousetupAutoProtect,WorkstationdeletestheoldestAutoProtect snapshoteachtimeanewAutoProtectsnapshotistaken.Inthesnapshotmanager,you canpreserveAutoProtectsnapshotsfromthisdeletion. To preserve AutoProtect snapshots from being deleted 1 2 3 SelectVM>SnapshotManager. SelectShowAutoProtectsnapshots. SelecttheAutoProtectsnapshottopreserve.
210
VMware, Inc.
SelectKeep.
Snapshots and Workstation 4 Virtual Machines

Workstation4virtualmachinesdonotsupportmultiplesnapshots.Forfull Workstation6functionality,youmustupgrade.SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtual Machineonpage 93. IfaWorkstation4virtualmachinehasasnapshot,youmustremovethesnapshot beforeyouupgrade.Useyourearlier,Workstation4applicationtoremovethe snapshot,andthenupgradetoWorkstation6.
VMware, Inc.
211
212
VMware, Inc.
10
Cloning, Moving, and Sharing Virtual Machines
10
Cloningavirtualmachineisfasterandeasierthancopyingit.Thischapterprovides instructionsandinformationonhowtomoveyourvirtualmachinesfromonehostto another,orelsewhereonthesamehost,plusrecommendationsonhowtosharevirtual machineswithotherusers.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifieronpage 213 CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 215 MovingaVirtualMachineonpage 219 MovinganOlderVirtualMachineonpage 222 MovingLinkedClonesonpage 222 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsersonpage 222 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 223 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 225 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayeronpage 226
The Virtual Machines Universal Unique Identifier

Toensureallvirtualmachinesareidentifiedproperly,eachvirtualmachineis automaticallyassignedauniversaluniqueidentifier(UUID). UsetheUUIDofavirtualmachineforsystemmanagementinthesamewayyouuse theUUIDofaphysicalcomputer.TheUUIDisstoredintheSMBIOSsystem informationdescriptor.ItcanbeaccessedbystandardSMBIOSscanningsoftware,such asSiSoftwareSandraortheIBMutilitysmbios2.
VMware, Inc.
213
ThisUUIDisgeneratedwhenyouinitiallypoweronthevirtualmachine.Aslongas youdonotmoveorcopythevirtualmachinetoanotherlocation,theUUIDremains constant.TosetaspecificUUID,seeSpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachineon page 214.
UUID Options When You Move a Virtual Machine

Whenyoupoweronavirtualmachinethatwasmovedorcopiedtoanewlocation,a messageappears,askingwhetheryoumovedorcopiedthevirtualmachine.Ifyou replythatyoucopiedthevirtualmachine,anewUUIDisgenerated. Suspendingandresumingavirtualmachinedoesnottriggertheprocessthatgenerates aUUID.TheUUIDinuseatthetimethevirtualmachinewassuspendedremainsinuse whenthevirtualmachineisresumed,evenifitwascopiedormoved.Thenexttimethe virtualmachineisrebooted,themessageappears.
Set the Virtual Machine to Always Keep or Always Create a UUID

IfavirtualmachineissettoalwayskeeporalwayscreateaUUID,usersarenot promptedwhenavirtualmachineismovedorcopied.Youcansetthispropertyby editingthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. To set the virtual machine to always keep or always create a UUID 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Addthefollowingline:
uuid.action = "<action>"
Thevaluefor<action>canbeeithercreate,toalwaysgenerateanewUUID,or keep,toalwaysretaintheUUID.
Specify a UUID for a Virtual Machine

AlthoughUUIDsareautomaticallyassignedtovirtualmachines,youcanoverridethe generatedUUIDvalueandassignaspecificUUID. TheUUIDisa128bitinteger.The16bytesofthisvalueareseparatedbyspaces,except foradashbetweentheeighthandninthhexadecimalpairs.Followingisanexampleof aUUID:
00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff
214
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 10 Cloning, Moving, and Sharing Virtual Machines
To specify a UUID for a virtual machine 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Searchforthelinethatcontainsuuid.bios. Theformatofthelineisuuid.bios = "<uuid_value>",withquotationmarks aroundtheparametervalue.Followingisanexampleoftheconfigurationsetting:
uuid.bios = "00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff"
4 5 6
ReplacetheexistingUUIDvaluewiththespecificUUIDvalue. Saveandclosethefile. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
ThenewUUIDisusedwhenthevirtualmachineboots.
Cloning a Virtual Machine

Installingaguestoperatingsystemandapplicationscanbetimeconsuming.With clones,youcanmakemanycopiesofavirtualmachinefromasingleinstallationand configurationprocess. Clonesareusefulwhenyoumustdeploymanyidenticalvirtualmachinestoagroup. Forexample:
AnMISdepartmentcancloneavirtualmachineforeachemployee,withasuiteof preconfiguredofficeapplications. Avirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwithacompletedevelopmentenvironment andthenclonedrepeatedlyasabaselineconfigurationforsoftwaretesting. Ateachercancloneavirtualmachineforeachstudent,withallthelessonsandlabs requiredfortheterm. Withclonesyoucanmakecopiesofavirtualmachinewithoutbrowsingahostfile systemorworryingifyouhavelocatedalltheconfigurationfiles.Theexisting virtualmachineiscalledtheparentoftheclone.Whenthecloningoperationis complete,theclonebecomesaseparatevirtualmachine.Thesearethemain characteristicsofaclone: Changesmadetoaclonedonotaffecttheparentvirtualmachine.Changesmade totheparentvirtualmachinedonotappearinaclone. AclonesMACaddressandUUIDaredifferentfromtheparentvirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
215
Althoughacloneisaseparatevirtualmachine,ifthecloneisalinkedclone,itshares virtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine.SeeTypesofClonesonpage 216.
Types of Clones
Twotypesofclonesareavailable:fullandlinked.
Full Clones
Afullcloneisacompleteandindependentcopyofavirtualmachine.Itsharesnothing withtheparentvirtualmachineafterthecloningoperation.Ongoingoperationofafull cloneisentirelyseparatefromtheparentvirtualmachine. Becauseafullclonedoesnotsharevirtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine,full clonesgenerallyperformbetterthanlinkedclones.However,fullclonestakelongerto createthanlinkedclones.Creatingafullclonecantakeseveralminutesifthefiles involvedarelarge. Thefullcloneduplicatesonlythestateofthevirtualmachineattheinstantofthe cloningoperation.Thusthefullclonedoesnothaveaccesstoanysnapshotsthatmight existoftheparentvirtualmachine.
Linked Clones
Alinkedcloneisacopyofavirtualmachinethatsharesvirtualdiskswiththeparent virtualmachineinanongoingmanner.Alinkedcloneismadefromasnapshotofthe parent.SeeScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshotsonpage 199.Thisconservesdisk spaceandallowsmultiplevirtualmachinestousethesamesoftwareinstallation. CAUTIONYoucannotdeletethelinkedclonesnapshotwithoutdestroyingthelinked clone.Youcansafelydeletethissnapshotonlyifyoualsodeletetheclonethatdepends onit. Allfilesavailableontheparentatthemomentyoutakethesnapshotcontinuetoremain availabletothelinkedclone.Ongoingchangestothevirtualdiskoftheparentdonot affectthelinkedclone,andchangestothediskofthelinkedclonedonotaffectthe parent. Alinkedclonemusthaveaccesstotheparent.Withoutaccesstotheparent,youcannot usealinkedclone.Youcanmakealinkedclonefromalinkedclone,butkeepinmind thattheperformanceofthelinkedclonedegrades.Whenpossible,makealinkedclone oftheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyoumakeafullclonefromalinkedclone,however,thefullcloneisanindependent virtualmachinethatdoesnotrequireaccesstothelinkedcloneoritsparent.
216 VMware, Inc.
Linkedclonesarecreatedswiftly,soyoucaneasilycreateauniquevirtualmachinefor eachtask.Youcanalsoeasilyshareavirtualmachinewithotherusersbystoringthe virtualmachineonyourlocalnetwork,whereotheruserscanquicklymakealinked clone.Thisfacilitatescollaboration.Forexample,asupportteamcanreproduceabug inavirtualmachine,andanengineercanquicklymakealinkedcloneofthatvirtual machinetoworkonthebug.
Creating Clones
Ifyoudecidetocreatealinkedcloneandyouwanttopreventtheparentvirtual machinefrombeingaccidentallydeleted,enabletemplatemodebeforeusingtheClone VirtualMachinewizard.
Enable Template Mode for a Parent Virtual Machine of Linked Clones

Topreventanyonefromdeletingtheparentvirtualmachineforalinkedclone, designatetheparentasatemplate.Whentemplatemodeisenabled,avirtualmachine cannotbedeletedoraddedtoateam,andthevirtualmachinessnapshotscannotbe deleted. To enable template mode for a parent virtual machine of linked clones 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachinetouseasaparentofyourlinkedclone. Verifythattheparenthasatleastonesnapshot. Openthesnapshotmanagerandcreateasnapshotifnoneexists.SeeSnapshot ManagerOverviewonpage 203. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectAdvanced. IntheSettingssection,clickEnableTemplatemode(tobeusedforcloning)and clickOK.
Use the Clone Virtual Machine Wizard

TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughtheprocessofmakingaclone. Youdonotneedtolocateandmanuallycopytheparentvirtualmachinefiles. Beforemakingalinkedclone,defragmenttheguestoperatingsystemsdrivesonthe parentvirtualmachine.Usethetoolsintheguestoperatingsystemtoruna defragmentationutility.SeeDefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 235.
VMware, Inc.
217
Forinformationaboutpreventingalinkedclonesparentvirtualmachinefrombeing deleted,seeEnableTemplateModeforaParentVirtualMachineofLinkedCloneson page 217. NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachines,andvirtualmachinescreatedwithother VMwareproductsthatarecompatiblewithWorkstation4,mustbeupgradedtoatleast Workstation5.xvirtualmachinesbeforeyoucanclonethem.SeeChangetheVersion ofaVirtualMachineonpage 93. To use the Clone Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>ClonetoopentheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. OntheWelcomepage,clickNext. OntheCloneSourcepage,selectthestateoftheparentfromwhichyouwantto createacloneandclickNext. Youcanchoosetocreateaclonefromtheparentscurrentstateorfromanyexisting snapshotoftheparent.Ifyouselectthecurrentstate,Workstationcreatesa snapshotofthevirtualmachinebeforecloningit. Thewizarddoesnotallowyoutoclonefromthecurrentstatewhentemplatemode isenabled. 6 7 OntheCloneTypepage,specifywhethertocreatealinkedcloneorafullcloneand clickNext. OntheNameoftheNewVirtualMachinepage,enteranameandapathforthe clonedvirtualmachineandclickFinish. Afullclonecantakemanyminutestocreate,dependingonthesizeofthevirtual diskthatisbeingduplicated. 8 ClickClosetoexittheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardautomaticallycreatesanewMACaddressand UUIDfortheclone.Otherconfigurationinformationisidenticaltothatofthe parentvirtualmachine.Forexample,amachinesnameandstaticIPaddress configurationarenotalteredbytheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. 9 TopreventconflictwithstaticIPaddressing,changetheclonesstaticIPaddress beforethecloneconnectstothenetwork.
218
VMware, Inc.
SeeSelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 299.
Moving a Virtual Machine

YoucantakeavirtualmachinethatwascreatedbyusingWorkstationandmoveittoa differentcomputerortoadifferentlocationonthesamecomputer.Youcanevenmove avirtualmachinetoahostwithadifferentoperatingsystem.Forexample,youcan moveavirtualmachinefromaWindowshosttoaLinuxorESXServerhost. Ingeneral,movingavirtualmachinemeansmovingthefilesthatmakeupthevirtual machine.ThepathnamesforallfilesassociatedwithaWorkstationvirtualmachineare relative,meaningthepathtoeachfileisrelativetothevirtualmachinedirectory.For example,ifyouareinthevirtualmachinedirectory,therelativepathtothevirtualdisk fileis<machine_name>.vmdk. CAUTIONAlwaysmakebackupcopiesofallthefilesinavirtualmachinesdirectory beforeyoustartaprocesslikethis.
Hosts with Different Hardware

Theguestoperatingsystemmightnotworkcorrectlyifyoumoveavirtualmachineto ahostwithsignificanthardwaredifferences,suchasfroma64bithosttoa32bithost orfromamultiprocessorhosttoauniprocessorhost.
Moving Between 64-Bit and 32-Bit Hosts

Youcanmoveavirtualmachinefroma32bithosttoa64bithostbutnotfroma64bit hosttoa32bithostunlessthe32bithosthasasupported64bitprocessor. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Whenyoupoweron avirtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsan internalcheck.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpower onthevirtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
219
Moving Between Multiprocessor and Uniprocessor Hosts

Forallsupportedconfigurationsof32bitand64bithostandguestoperatingsystems runningonmultiprocessorhostmachines,Workstation5.5andhighervirtualmachines supportfourwayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing(SMP).Thissupportenablesyou toassignuptofourvirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachine.Thisissupportedonlyfor hostmachineswithatleasttwologicalprocessors.SeeUseFourWayVirtual SymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 361. NOTEIfthehostisauniprocessormachine,assigningtwoprocessorsisnotsupported. Awarningmessageappears.Youcandisregardthismessageandassigntwoprocessors tothevirtualmachine,butwhenyoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,youcannot poweritonunlessyoumoveittoahostmachinewithatleasttwologicalprocessors.
Open a Virtual Machine Created in ESX Server That Has More Than Two Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation5.5orhigher,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,to openavirtualmachinecreatedinVMwareESXServerthathasoneormorevirtual processors.However,inWorkstationyoucannotpoweronorresumeavirtualmachine thathasmorethantwovirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswere assignedwhenthevirtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethissettinginthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworbyusingthevirtual machinesettingseditor. To open a virtual machine created in ESX Server that has more than two processors 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>Processors. NotethatNumberofProcessorsissettoOther(x),wherexisthenumberof processorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. 3 Changethissettingtotwoprocessorssothatyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachine inWorkstation. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingfornumberof processorsisdiscarded,andnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor.
220
VMware, Inc.
Move a Virtual Machine to a New Location or a New Host

Youcanmovethevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesamehostortomoveit toanewhost. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seetheVMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. To move a virtual machine to a new location or a new host 1 Makesurethatallthevirtualmachinefilesarestoredinthevirtualmachine directory. Forexample,ifyouconfiguredtheworkingdirectorytoresideinadifferent locationonthehost,moveitintothevirtualmachinedirectoryandusethevirtual machinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Options>General)topointtothis location. Ifthevirtualmachineyouwanttomoveisalinkedclone,seeMovingLinked Clonesonpage 222. 2 3 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. Copyallthefilesinthevirtualmachinedirectorytothenewlocation. Tomovethevirtualmachinesfilestoanotherhost,ifyoudonothaveanetwork connectiontothenewhost,useasharednetworkdirectory,burnthefilesontoa DVD,orusesomeotherstoragemediathathasenoughdiskspace. Formoreinformationaboutthefilesthatyouaremoving,seeFilesThatMakeUp aVirtualMachineonpage 95. 4 5 Onthenewhost,startWorkstation,chooseFile>Open,andbrowsetothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileinitsnewlocation. (Optional)Ifyouaremovingthevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesame host,removethevirtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistandadditagainusingthe newlocation. Whenyouarecertainthatthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationworkscorrectly, deletethevirtualmachinefilesfromtheoldlocation,ifdesired. Ifthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationisnotworkingcorrectly,examinethe virtualmachineintheoriginallocationtodetermineifyoumissedcopyingsome files.Somefilesmightresideoutsideofthevirtualmachinedirectory. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Hardware)toselect devicesanddeterminewhetheranyassociatedfilespointtolocationsthatcannot beaccessedfromthenewlocation.
VMware, Inc. 221
WorkstationgeneratesadifferentMACaddressforthevirtualnetworkadapterwhen youmoveavirtualmachinetoanewhostcomputerortoadifferentdirectoryonthe samehostcomputer.AnewMACaddressisalsogeneratedwhenyourenamea directoryinthepathtothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.SeeMaintainingand ChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 304.
Moving an Older Virtual Machine

IfyoucreatedavirtualmachinebyusingWorkstation2.xor3.x,youmustupgradeit toatleastWorkstation4.Workstation6.xdoesnotsupportWorkstation2or3virtual machines.
Moving Linked Clones

YoucanmovealinkedcloneasyoudoanordinaryWorkstationvirtualmachine. However,ifyoumovealinkedclone(orifyoumoveitsparentvirtualmachine),make suretheclonecanaccesstheparentvirtualmachine.Placetheparentinshared directoryoronanetworkedfileserver. Forexample,ifyouputalinkedcloneonalaptopandtheparentremainsonanother machine,youcanusethecloneonlywhenthelaptopconnectstothenetworkordrive wheretheparentisstored.Touseaclonedvirtualmachineonadisconnectedlaptop, youmustuseafullcloneoryoumustmovetheparentvirtualmachinetothelaptop. YoucannotpoweronalinkedcloneifWorkstationcannotlocatetheoriginalvirtual machine.
Sharing Virtual Machines with Other Users

Ifyouwantotheruserstobeabletoaccessyourvirtualmachines,considerthe followingpoints:
Onlyoneusercanrunavirtualmachineatatime.Otheruserscanalsosharea virtualmachinebymakingalinkedcloneofit.Alinkedcloneisacopythatuses thesamevirtualdisksastheparentvirtualmachineitwascopiedfrom.See CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 215. OnWindowshosts,relocatethevirtualmachinefilestoadirectorythatis accessibletoallappropriateusers.ThedefaultlocationforaWindowshostisnot typicallyaccessibletootherusers:
OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\<user_name>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines
222
VMware, Inc.
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7: C:\Users\<user_name>\Documents\Virtual Machines
WhenyouconfigurethevirtualmachineintheNewVirtualMachinewizard,you canspecifyalocationforthevirtualmachineelsewhereonyoursystemorona networkvolume.
OnLinuxhosts,setpermissionsforthevirtualmachinefilesappropriately. Permissionssettingsareespeciallyimportantfortheconfigurationfile(.vmx)and virtualdisks(.vmdk).Forexample,ifyouwantuserstorunavirtualmachinebut notbeabletomodifyitsconfiguration,donotmaketheconfigurationfilewritable.
Using VNC for Remote Connections to a Virtual Machine

Virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)softwareenablesyoutoviewandinteractwithone computerfromanyothercomputerormobiledeviceanywhereontheInternet. VNCsoftwareiscrossplatform,allowingremotecontrolbetweendifferenttypesof computers.Forexample,youcanuseVNCtoviewaLinuxmachineonyourWindows PC.OpensourceversionsofVNCarefreelyandpubliclyavailable. YoucanuseWorkstationtosetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,anduserson othercomputerscaninstallaVNCclient(alsocalledaVNCviewer)toconnecttothe virtualmachine.AfteryousetupavirtualmachineasaVNCserver,youcanseealist ofuserswhoareremotelyconnectedtothevirtualmachineandfindouthowlongthey havebeenconnected. WorkstationdoesnotneedtoberunningwhenVNCconnectionsaremade.Onlythe virtualmachineneedstoberunning,anditcanberunninginthebackground.
Configure a Virtual Machine as a VNC Server

YoudonotneedtoinstallspecializedVNCsoftwareinavirtualmachinetosetitupas aVNCserver. To configure a virtual machine as a VNC server 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectRemoteDisplay. ClickEnableremotedisplay. Afterremotedisplayisenabledandusersconnecttothevirtualmachinewitha VNCclient,usetheViewConnectedUsersbuttononRemoteDisplaysettings paneltoseealistoftheconnectedusers.
VMware, Inc.
223
(Optional)Changetheportnumber. ToconnecttomultiplevirtualmachinesonthesamehostwithaVNCclient, specifyauniqueportnumberforeachvirtualmachine.VMwaresuggeststhatyou useaportnumberintherangefrom5901to6001. Keepinmindthatotherapplicationsusecertainportnumbers,andsomeport numbersareprivileged(onlytherootorAdministratorusercanlisten).For example,theVMwareManagementInterfaceusesports8333and8222.OnLinux, onlytherootusercanlistentoportsuptoportnumber1024.
(Optional)SetapasswordforconnectingtothevirtualmachinefromaVNCclient. Thepasswordcanbeupto8characterslong.Becauseitisnotencryptedwhenthe VNCclientsendsit,donotuseapasswordthatyouuseforothersystems.
ClickOK.
AfteryousetupavirtualmachineasaVNCserver,youcanseealistofuserswhoare remotelyconnectedtothevirtualmachineandfindouthowlongtheyhavebeen connected.Toseethelist,rightclicktheVNCiconinthestatusbarandchoose ConnectedUsers.
Use a VNC Client to Connect to a Virtual Machine

YoucaninstallaVNCclientonyourhostandconnecttoarunningvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,determinethemachinenameorIPaddressofthehostonwhichthe virtualmachineisrunningand,ifapplicable,theVNCportnumberandpassword.See ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServeronpage 223. ForinformationaboutmappingthekeyboardtolanguagesotherthanU.S.English,see SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClientsonpage 336. Thefollowingissuesareknowntooccurwhenyouconnecttovirtualmachineswitha VNCclient:

Youcannottakeorreverttosnapshots. Youcannotchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Thatis,youcannot poweron,poweroff,suspend,orresume.Althoughyoucannotpoweroff,youcan shutdowntheguestoperatingsystem,andshuttingdownmightpoweroffthe virtualmachine. Youcannotcopyandpastetextbetweenthehostandguestoperatingsystem. Youcannotconfigurethevirtualmachinewiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
224
VMware, Inc.
Remotedisplaydoesnotworkwellifyouarealsousingthe3Dfeature.This featureisdescribedinSupportforDirect3DGraphicsonpage 169.
To use a VNC client to connect to a virtual machine 1 Onalocalorremotecomputer,startaVNCclient. YoucanuseanyVNCclient,butnotaJavaviewerinabrowser.Todownloadand installaVNCclient,checkoneofthemanyWebsiteswhereyoucanbuyorgetone forfree. 2 Makesuretheclientissetforhextileencoding. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,underthePreferredEncodingoption, selectHextile. 3 Settheclienttouseallcolors. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,undertheColourLeveloption,select Full(allavailablecolours). 4 WhenpromptedfortheVNCservername,enterthenameorIPaddressofthehost computerandtheportnumber. Usetheformat:
<machine_name>:<port_number>
Enterapasswordifyouarepromptedtodoso.
Make Virtual Machines Available for Streaming from a Web Server

Withvirtualmachine(VM)streaming,virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemand.Youcan poweronavirtualmachinesoonafteryoubegindownloadingitfromaWebserver. Downloadingavirtualmachineina.zipor.tarfilefromaWebservercantakea considerableamountoftime,dependingonthesizeofthevirtualmachine.TouseVM streaming,youplacethevirtualmachinedirectoryontheWebserverwithoutzipping it.VMwarerecommendsthatyouconfiguretheWebservertosupportpersistent connections(HTTPkeepaliveconnections). To make virtual machines available for streaming from a Web server 1 Ifthevirtualmachineanysnapshots,deletethem. SeeDeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 207.
VMware, Inc.
225
(Optional)Toimprovestreamingperformance,useVirtualDiskManagerto compressthevirtualdiskfiles(.vmdkfiles)foravirtualmachine. SeetheVirtualDiskManagerUsersGuide,intheVirtualDiskDevelopmentKit.
DependingonthetypeofWebserver,usethefollowingkeepalivesettings:
ForApacheHTTPServer1.2andhigher,turntheKeepAliveoptionon,set MaxKeepAliveRequestto2000to5000,andsetKeepAliveTimeoutto2000to 5000seconds,dependingonserverload. ForMicrosoftInternetInformationServices(IIS)6.0andhigher,setthe connectiontimeouttoavalueabove300secondsandloadHTTP KeepAlives.
4 5
Onproxyservers,settheproxyconnectiontoKeepalive. UploadthevirtualmachinedirectorytotheWebserver.
AfteravirtualmachineisplacedonaWebserver,userscanuseaURLtostreamitand startitwithWorkstationorVMwarePlayer.SeeStartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVM Streamingonpage 147.
Sharing Virtual Machines with VMware Player

VMwarePlayerisafreeapplicationthatopensandplaysvirtualmachinescreatedwith otherVMwareproducts.OnWindowshosts,VMwarePlayeralsoopensandplays MicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServervirtualmachinesandSymantecLiveState Recoveryandsystemimages. VMwarePlayerisincludedwithWorkstation5.5andhigher.StandalonePlayeris alsofreelyavailablefordownloadathttp://www.vmware.com/products/player/ WithVMwarePlayeryoucancreatevirtualmachinesandmakeyourVMwarevirtual machinesaccessibletocolleagues,partners,customers,andclientswhodonotown otherVMwareproducts. NOTEUseofVMwarePlayerissubjecttotheVMwarePlayerEndUserLicenseterms, andnotechnicalsupportisprovidedbyVMwareforVMwarePlayer.
Start and Exit VMware Player

VMwarePlayerisincludedintheWorkstationdistribution.Whenyouinstall Workstation,theapplicationfile(vmplayer.exeonWindowsorvmplayeronLinux), isstoredwiththerestofyourWorkstationprogramfiles.
226
VMware, Inc.
To start and exit VMware Player 1 OpenVMwarePlayer,eitherfromthegraphicaluserinterface(GUI)orfromthe commandline:
FromtheGUI,onWindows,chooseVMwarePlayerfromtheStart> Programs>VMwaremenu. InaLinuxXsession,chooseVMwarePlayerfromthecorrespondingprogram menu,suchastheSystemToolsmenu.
Fromthecommandline,openacommandprompt,andenteroneofthe followingcommands:
OnWindows,enter<path>vmplayer.exe The<path>valueisthepathonyoursystemtotheapplicationfile.
OnLinux,entervmplayer & Tostreamthevirtualmachine,usethecommandwiththevirtualmachine URL(forexample,vmplayer http://server.acme.com/myVM.vmx). Formoreinformation,seeMakeVirtualMachinesAvailablefor StreamingfromaWebServeronpage 225.
FromtheWelcomepage,youcan:

Browsetoavirtualmachinefile. Openarecentlyusedvirtualmachine. DownloadavirtualappliancefromtheVMTN(VMwareTechnology Network)Website.
Openavirtualmachine. ForinstructionsonusingandconfiguringVMwarePlayer,seetheonlinehelp providedinVMwarePlayer.FromtheVMwarePlayermenubar,chooseHelp> HelpTopics.
ToexitVMwarePlayer,dooneofthefollowing:
Shutdowntheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine. VMwarePlayerclosesaftertheguestoperatingsystemshutsdown.
InVMwarePlayer,chooseFile>Exit(Windows)orFile>Quit(Linux).
VMwarePlayereithersuspendsorpowersoffthevirtualmachine,dependingon thepreferenceyousetforexitbehaviorinFile>Preferences.
VMware, Inc.
227
WhenyouexitVMwarePlayerthatisusingastreamedvirtualmachine,youare promptedtosaveordiscardchanges.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythat wascreatedonyourlocalmachineandallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
Setting Up Virtual Machines for Use with VMware Player

Whenyoucreateavirtualmachinethatyouintendtodistributetootherusers, configurethevirtualmachineformaximumcompatibilitywithallexpectedhost systems.BecausetheconfigurationoptionsforVMwarePlayerarelimited,usersare limitedintheirabilitytomakechangesinavirtualmachinesothatitiscompatiblewith theirhostsystems. Followingarerecommendationstohelpyouconfigurevirtualmachinesformaximum compatibilitywithVMwarePlayerandwiththewidestrangeofhostmachines:
Determinewhichvirtualdevicesareactuallyrequired,anddonotincludeanythat arenotneededorusefulforthesoftwareyouaredistributingwiththevirtual machineandVMwarePlayer.Forexample,genericSCSIdevicesareextremely unlikelytobeappropriate. Toconnectaphysicaldevicetoavirtualdevice,usetheAutodetectoptionswhen configuringthevirtualmachine.TheAutodetectoptionsallowthevirtual machinetoadapttotheuserssystem,andtheyworkwhetherthehostoperating systemisWindowsorLinux.Userswhohavenophysicaldevicereceiveawarning message. ToconnectaCDROMorfloppytoanimagefilethatyoushipwiththevirtual machine,makesuretheimagefileisinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachine. Thisway,arelativepath,ratherthananabsolutepath,isused. ForbothaphysicalCDROMandanimage,providetwovirtualCDROMdevices inthevirtualmachine.VMwarePlayerdoesnotprovideawayintheuserinterface toswitchasingleCDROMdevicebetweenaphysicalCDROMandanimage. Thisalsomeansthatifyouwanttoshipmultipleimages,theusercannotswitch betweenthem. Chooseareasonableamountofmemorytoallocatetothevirtualmachine.Ifthe usershostmachinedoesnothaveenoughphysicalmemorytosupportthe memoryallocation,VMwarePlayercannotpoweronthevirtualmachine. InstallVMwareToolsinthevirtualmachine.VMwareToolssignificantlyimproves theusersexperienceworkingwiththevirtualmachine. Chooseareasonablescreenresolutionfortheguest.Auserislikelytofinditeasier toincreasetheresolutionmanuallythantodealwithadisplaythatexceedsthe usersphysicalscreensize.
VMware, Inc.
228
SomehostoperatingsystemsdonotsupportCDROMsinnonlegacymode.To ensurethatCDROMsworkproperlyinvirtualmachinesthatyouintendtobe distributedandplayedonVMwarePlayer,configureCDROMdevicesinlegacy mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 248. SelectanappropriatesettinginVM>Settings>Options>Snapshots>When poweringoff.SetthisoptiontoJustpowerofforReverttosnapshot.VMware Playerdoesnotallowtakingsnapshots. TheoptionReverttosnapshotisusefulifyouwanttodistributeademothatresets itselftoacleanstatewhenpoweredoff.
VMware, Inc.
229
230
VMware, Inc.
11
Using Disks and Disk Drives
11
Thischapterprovidesinformationabouthowtoconfigurevirtualharddiskstorageto bestmeetyourneeds.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

VirtualMachineDiskStorageonpage 231 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasksonpage 234 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachineonpage 237 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 246 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 250 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachinesonpage 250 LegacyVirtualDisksonpage 250
Virtual Machine Disk Storage

Likeaphysicalcomputer,aVMwareWorkstationvirtualmachinestoresitsoperating system,programs,anddatafilesononeormoreharddisks.Unlikeaphysical computer,Workstationprovideswaystoundochangestothevirtualmachineshard disk. TheNewVirtualMachinewizardcreatesavirtualmachinewithonediskdrive.Usethe virtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings)toaddmorediskdrivestoyour virtualmachine,toremovediskdrivesfromyourvirtualmachine,andtochange certainsettingsfortheexistingdiskdrives.
VMware, Inc.
231
Benefits of Using Virtual Disks

Inmostcases,itisbesttoconfigurevirtualmachinestousevirtualharddisksrather thanphysicalharddisks.Avirtualdiskisafileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysical diskdrivetoaguestoperatingsystem.Thefilescanbeonthehostmachineorona remotecomputer.Whenyouconfigureavirtualmachinewithavirtualdisk,youcan installanewoperatingsystemontothevirtualdiskwithoutrepartitioningaphysical diskorrebootingthehost.
Portability
Akeyadvantageofvirtualdisksistheirportability.Becausethevirtualdisksarestored asfilesonthehostmachineoraremotecomputer,youcanmovethemeasilytoanew locationonthesamecomputerortoadifferentcomputer.YoucanalsouseWorkstation onaWindowshosttocreatevirtualdisks,movethemtoaLinuxcomputer,anduse themwithWorkstationforLinux,andthereverse.SeeMovingaVirtualMachineon page 219.
Disk Size and Files

Virtualdiskscanbeaslargeas950GB(IDEorSCSI).Dependingonthesizeofthe virtualdiskandthehostoperatingsystem,Workstationcreatesoneormorefilesto holdeachvirtualdisk.Thesefilesincludeinformationsuchastheoperatingsystem, programfiles,anddatafiles.Thevirtualdiskfileshavea.vmdkextension. Bydefault,theactualfilesthatthevirtualdiskusesstartsmallandgrowtotheir maximumsizeasneeded.Themainadvantageofthisapproachisthesmallerfilesize. Smallerfilesrequirelessstoragespaceandareeasiertomovetoanewlocation. However,ittakeslongertowritedatatoadiskconfiguredinthisway. Youcanalsoconfigurevirtualdiskssothatallofthediskspaceisallocatedwhenthe virtualdiskiscreated.Thisapproachprovidesenhancedperformanceandisusefulif youarerunningperformancesensitiveapplicationsinthevirtualmachine. Regardlessofwhetheryouallocatealldiskspaceinadvance,youcanconfigurethe virtualdisktouseasetoffileslimitedto2GBperfile.Usethisoptionifyouplanto movethevirtualdisktoafilesystemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB.
Lock Files
Arunningvirtualmachinecreateslockfilestopreventconsistencyproblemsonvirtual disks.Withoutlocks,multiplevirtualmachinesmightreadandwritetothedisk, causingdatacorruption.
232
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 11 Using Disks and Disk Drives
Lockfilesarecreatedinsubdirectorieswitha.lcksuffix.Thelockingsubdirectories resideinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachines.vmdkfiles.Alockingsubdirectory andlockfilearecreatedfor.vmdkfiles,.vmxfiles,and.vmemfiles. AsoftheWorkstation6.0release,aunifiedlockingmethodisusedonallhostoperating systems,sofilessharedbetweenthemarefullyprotected.Forexample,ifoneuseron aLinuxhosttriestopoweronavirtualmachinethatisalreadypoweredonbyanother userwithaWindowshost,thelockfilespreventtheseconduserfrompoweringonthe virtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachinepowersoff,itremovesthelockingsubdirectoriesandtheirlock files.Ifitcannotremovetheselockingcontrols,oneormorestalelockfilesmight remain.Forexample,ifthehostmachinefailsbeforethevirtualmachineremovesits lockingcontrols,stalelockfilesremain. Whenthevirtualmachinerestarts,itscansanylockingsubdirectoriesforstalelockfiles and,whenpossible,removesthem.Alockfileisconsideredstaleifbothofthe followingconditionsaretrue:

Thelockfilewascreatedonthesamehostthatisnowrunningthevirtualmachine. Theprocessthatcreatedthelockisnolongerrunning.
Ifeitheroftheseconditionsisnottrue,adialogboxwarnsyouthatthevirtualmachine cannotbepoweredon.Youcandeletethelockingdirectoriesandtheirlockfiles manually. Locksalsoprotectphysicaldiskpartitions.However,thehostoperatingsystemisnot awareofthislockingconventionandthusdoesnotrespectit.Forthisreason,VMware recommendsthatthephysicaldiskforavirtualmachinenotbeinstalledonthesame physicaldiskasthehostoperatingsystem.
IDE and SCSI Disk Types

VirtualdiskscanbesetupasIDEdisksforanyguestoperatingsystem.Theycanbeset upasSCSIdisksforanyguestoperatingsystemwithadriverfortheLSILogicor BusLogicSCSIadapteravailableinaWorkstationvirtualmachine.Youdetermine whichSCSIadaptertouseatthetimeyoucreatethevirtualmachine. NOTETouseSCSIdisksina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,downloadaspecial SCSIdriverfromtheDownloadspageoftheVMwareWebsite.Followtheinstructions ontheWebsitetousethedriverwithafreshinstallationofWindowsXP. Avirtualdiskofeithertypecanbestoredoneithertypeofphysicalharddisk.Thatis, thefilesthatmakeupanIDEorSCSIvirtualdiskcanbestoredonanIDEharddiskor aSCSIharddisk.Theycanalsobestoredonothertypesoffastaccessstoragemedia.
VMware, Inc. 233
Physical Disks
Insomecircumstances,youmightneedtogiveyourvirtualmachinedirectaccesstoa physicalharddriveonthehostcomputer.Aphysicaldiskdirectlyaccessesanexisting localdiskorpartition.Youcanusephysicaldiskstorunoneormoreguestoperating systemsfromexistingdiskpartitions. CAUTIONDonotattemptphysicaldiskconfigurationsunlessyouareanexpertuser.
Althoughvirtualdisksarelimitedto950GB,physicaldiskscanbesetuponbothIDE andSCSIdevicesofupto2TBcapacity.Bootingfromanoperatingsystemalreadyset uponanexistingSCSIdiskorpartitioniscurrentlynotsupported. CAUTIONRunninganoperatingsystemnativelyonthehostcomputerandswitching torunningitinsideavirtualmachineislikepullingtheharddriveoutofonecomputer andinstallingitinasecondcomputerwithadifferentmotherboardandhardware.The stepsyoutakedependontheoperatingsystemyouwanttouseinsidethevirtual machine.SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteDualBootComputersandVirtualMachines. Youcanalsocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesaphysicaldisk.SeeUsingPhysical DisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 240.Inmostcases,however,itisbettertousea virtualdisk.Ifyouuseaphysicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationaboutthe physicaldiskorpartitionthatthevirtualmachineuses. Afteryouconfigureavirtualmachinetouseoneormorepartitionsonaphysicaldisk, donotmodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityintheguest operatingsystem. Ifyouusefdiskorasimilarutilityonthehostoperatingsystemtomodifythepartition tableofthephysicaldisk,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachinesphysicaldisk.All filesthatwereonthephysicaldiskarelostwhenyoumodifythepartitiontable.
Virtual Disk Maintenance Tasks

Defragmentingvirtualdiskscanimproveperformance.Compactingvirtualdisks reclaimsanyunusedspace.Expandingvirtualdisksaddsstoragespacetoyourvirtual machine.
234
VMware, Inc.
Defragment Virtual Disks

Likephysicaldiskdrives,virtualdiskscanbecomefragmented.Defragmentingdisks rearrangesfiles,programs,andunusedspaceonthevirtualdisksothatprogramsrun fasterandfilesopenmorequickly. Beforeyoudefragmentavirtualdisk,makesureyouhaveadequatefreeworkingspace onthehostcomputer.Ifyourvirtualdiskiscontainedinasinglefile,forexample,you needfreespaceequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskfile.Othervirtualdisk configurationsrequirelessfreespace. Makesurethevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests).Youcannotdefragmentavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Defragmentingdoesnotreclaimunusedspaceonavirtualdisk.Toreclaimunused space,compactthedisk.SeeCompactaVirtualDiskonpage 236. To defragment a virtual disk 1 Runadiskdefragmentationutilityinsidetheguestoperatingsystem. Forexample,inavirtualmachinewithaWindowsXPguestoperatingsystem,use theWindowsXPDiskDefragmentertoolfromwithinthevirtualmachine. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime. 2 Ifthevirtualdiskisgrowableratherthanpreallocated,defragmentitbyusing theWorkstationdefragmentationtool: a b c d Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDisk,anddooneofthefollowing:

OnLinuxhosts,clickDefragment. OnWindowshosts,clickUtilitiesandchooseDefragment.
e 3
Whentheprocessisfinished,clickOK.
Runadiskdefragmentationutilityonthehostcomputer. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
VMware, Inc.
235
Compact a Virtual Disk

Compactingavirtualdiskreclaimsunusedspaceinthevirtualdisk.Ifadiskhasempty space,thisprocessreducestheamountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehost drive. Makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaremet:

Thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Thevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests). Youcannotcompactavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Thediskspaceisnotpreallocatedforthevirtualharddisk.Usethevirtualmachine settingseditortoviewthediskinformationforthisvirtualharddisk.Ifthedisk spacewaspreallocated,youcannotcompactthedisk. Ifthevirtualharddiskisanindependentdisk,itisinpersistentmode. Tochangethemode,seeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotsonpage 203for adescriptionofindependentdisks.
To compact a virtual disk 1 2 3 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDiskforthevirtualharddiskyouwantto compact. SelectUtilities>Compact.
Expand a Virtual Disk

Expandingavirtualdiskaddsstoragespacetoyourvirtualmachine.However,the addedspaceisnotavailabletoyourvirtualmachineimmediately.Tomaketheadded spaceavailable,youmustuseadiskmanagementtooltoincreasethesizeoftheexisting partitiononyourvirtualdisktomatchtheexpandedvirtualdisksize.Thedisk managementtoolyouusedependsontheoperatingsystemofyourvirtualmachine. Manyoperatingsystems,includingWindowsVista,Windows7,andsomeversionsof Linux,providebuiltindiskmanagementtoolsthatcanresizepartitions.Anumberof thirdpartydiskmanagementtoolsarealsoavailable,suchasSymantec/Norton PartitionMagic,EASEUSPartitionMaster,AcronisDiskDirector,andtheopensource toolGParted. Asanalternativetoexpandingyourvirtualdisk,youcanaddanewvirtualdisktoyour virtualmachine.SeeAddaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 237. Makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaremet:
236
VMware, Inc.
Thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Thevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests). Youcannotexpandavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Thevirtualmachinehasnosnapshots. Thevirtualmachineisnotalinkedcloneortheparentofalinkedclone.
Todeterminewhetherthevirtualmachinehassnapshots,isalinkedclone,oristhe parentofalinkedclone,checktheinformationatthetopoftheSummarytabforthe virtualmachine. To expand a virtual disk 1 2 3 4 5 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDiskforthevirtualharddisktoexpand. SelectUtilities>Expand. Setthenewmaximumsizeforthevirtualdisk. SelectExpand.
Afteryouexpandthevirtualdisk,youmustuseadiskmanagementtooltoincreasethe diskpartitionsizetomatchtheexpandedvirtualdisksize.
Adding Virtual and Physical Disks to a Virtual Machine

Thisprovidesinstructionsforcreatingvirtualdisks,removingdisks,addingexisting diskstovirtualmachines,andusingphysicaldisksinavirtualmachine. YoucanconnectotherSCSIdevicestoavirtualmachinebyusingthegenericSCSI driverforthehostoperatingsystem.SeeAddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtual Machineonpage 358.
Add a New Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine

Toincreasestoragespace,youcanaddanewvirtualdisktoavirtualmachine.Virtual disksarestoredasfilesonthehostcomputeroronanetworkfileserver.A virtualIDE driveorSCSIdrivecanbestoredonaphysicalIDEdriveorSCSIdrive. NOTEIfyouhaveaWindowsNT4.0guestwithaSCSIvirtualdisk,youcannotadd bothanadditionalSCSIdiskandanIDEdisktotheconfiguration. Asanalternativetoaddinganewvirtualdisktoyourvirtualmachine,youcanexpand yourexistingvirtualdisk.SeeExpandaVirtualDiskonpage 236.
VMware, Inc. 237
To add a new virtual disk to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectCreateanewvirtualdiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskTypepage,chooseIDEdiskorSCSI. SeeIDEandSCSIDiskTypesonpage 233. Workstation6.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSI devices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDor CDROMdrive. 6 (Optional)Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,intheModesection,select Independentforthemodeandchooseoneofthefollowingoptions:
PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.
SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 201. 7 OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypage,setthecapacityforthenewvirtualdisk. Youcansetasizebetween0.1GBand950GBforavirtualdisk.SeeDiskSizeand Filesonpage 232. 8 OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toandselectadifferentlocationandclickFinish. Thewizardcreatesthenewvirtualdisk.Itappearstoyourguestoperatingsystem asanew,blankharddisk. 9 10 Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK. Usetheguestoperatingsystemtoolstopartitionandformatthenewdriveforuse.
238
VMware, Inc.
Add an Existing Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine

Youcanreconnectanexistingvirtualdiskthatwasremovedfromavirtualmachine. Workstation6.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSIdevices. AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDorCDROMdrive. TomapanexistingvirtualdiskdrivetoaWindowshostmachine,ratherthanadding ittoavirtualmachine,seeUsingaMappedDriveonpage 193. To add an existing virtual disk to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectUseanexistingvirtualdiskandclickNext. OntheSelectanExistingDiskpage,specifythepathnameandfilenameforthe existingdiskfileandclickFinish. Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
Remove a Virtual Disk from a Virtual Machine

Removingavirtualdiskdisconnectsitfromavirtualmachine.Removingthevirtual diskdoesnotdeletefilesfromthehostfilesystem. Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcanmapormountittoahost andcopydatafromtheguesttothehostwithoutpoweringonthevirtualmachineor startingWorkstation. To remove a virtual disk from a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectavirtualdiskandclickRemove.
Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcandoeitherofthefollowing:

Mapthedisktothehost.SeeUsingaMappedDriveonpage 193. Addthedisktoanothervirtualmachine.SeeAddanExistingVirtualDisktoa VirtualMachineonpage 239.
VMware, Inc.
239
Using Physical Disks in a Virtual Machine

Youcaninstallaguestoperatingsystemdirectlyonanunusedphysicaldiskorunused partition.However,anoperatingsysteminstalledinthissettingprobablycannotboot outsideofthevirtualmachine,eventhoughthedataisavailabletothehost. CAUTIONDonotuseaphysicaldisktosharefilesbetweenhostandguestoperating systems.Itisnotsafetomakethesamepartitionvisibletobothhostandguest.Youcan causedatacorruptionifyoudothis.Tosharefilesbetweenhostandguestoperating systems,usesharedfolders.SeeUsingSharedFoldersonpage 186. Forinformationaboutusinganoperatingsystemthatcanalsobootoutsideofthe virtualmachine,seetheVMwaresDualBootComputersandVirtualMachinestechnical note. Physicaldisksareanadvancedfeature.Donotconfigurethemunlessyouareanexpert user.Touseaphysicaldiskinavirtualmachine,youcanaddthephysicaldisktoan existingvirtualmachine,orcreateavirtualmachineandspecifywhichphysicaldisk thevirtualmachineuses. NOTEUsingaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdiskisnotanappropriateoptionfor avirtualmachineyouintendtodistributeasanACEinstance.
Prerequisites for Using a Physical Disk

BeforeyouruntheNewVirtualMachinewizardorusethevirtualmachinesettings editortoaddaphysical(raw)disk,performthefollowingtasks:
Becausethevirtualmachineandguestoperatingsystemaccessaphysicaldisk partitionwhilethehostcontinuestorunitsoperatingsystem,verifythatthe partitionisnotmountedbythehostorinusebyanothervirtualmachine. Corruptionispossibleifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyapartitionthat issimultaneouslymountedonthehostoperatingsystem.
Checktheguestoperatingsystemdocumentationregardingthetypeofpartition onwhichtheoperatingsystemcanbeinstalled.
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,youcannotusethesystempartition orthephysicaldiskthatcontainsitinavirtualmachine. DOS,Windows95,andWindows98operatingsystemsmustbeinstalledon thefirstprimarypartition. Otheroperatingsystems,suchasLinux,canbeinstalledonaprimaryoran extendedpartitiononanypartofthedrive.
240
VMware, Inc.
Makesurethephysicalpartitionordiskdoesnothavedatayouneedinthefuture. Ifitdoes,backupthedata. OnWindowshosts:
IfyouuseaWindowshostsIDEdiskinaphysicaldiskconfiguration,make sureitisnotconfiguredastheslaveonthesecondaryIDEchannelifthe masteronthatchannelisaCDROMdrive. IfyourhostisrunningWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003,donotusea dynamicdiskasaphysicaldiskinavirtualmachine.Usethedisk managementtooltocheckthedisktypeandchangeadynamicdisktoabasic disk,whichdestroysalldata.SeeChangeaWindowsDiskTypefrom DynamictoBasiconpage 241. Makesurethepartitionyouwanttouseisunmapped.SeeUnmapaPartition ThatIsMappedtoaWindowsNTHostonpage 242.
OnLinuxhosts,setthedevicegroupmembershipordeviceownership appropriately.SeeSetPermissionsonLinuxHostsonpage 243.
Afteryoudeterminethatthephysicaldiskmeetstheseprerequisites,useeitherofthe followingstrategiestousethephysicaldiskinavirtualmachine:

CreateaVirtualMachineThatUsesaPhysicalDiskonpage 243 AddaPhysicalDisktoanExistingVirtualMachineonpage 244
Change a Windows Disk Type from Dynamic to Basic TouseaharddiskinavirtualmachinewhosehostisrunningWindowsXPorWindows Server2003,thevirtualmachinemustuseabasicdisk. To change a Windows disk type from dynamic to basic 1 Onthehost,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools> ComputerManagement>DiskManagement. Thediskmanagementtoolopens. 2 Deletealllogicalvolumesonthedisk. Thisactiondestroysalldataonthedisk. 3 4 RightclickthediskiconandselectReverttoBasicDisk. Partitionthedisk.
VMware, Inc.
241
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows NT Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows NT host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools. Highlightthepartitiononwhichyouplantoinstalltheguestoperatingsystem, andchooseTools>AssignDriveLetter. ChooseDonotassignadriveletterforthepartitionandclickOK.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. SelectapartitionandchooseAction>AllTasks>ChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemove.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Vista Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Vista host 1 2 3 SelectStart>ControlPanel(ClassicView)>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemoveandOK.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows 7 Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost.
242
VMware, Inc.
To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows 7 host 1 2 3 4 5 SelectStart>ControlPanel. Inthemenubar,clickthearrownexttoControlPanel. Fromthedropdownmenu,selectAllControlPanelItems>Administrative Tools>ComputerManagement>Storage>DiskManagement(Local). RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemoveandOK.
Set Permissions on Linux Hosts Ifpermissionsaresetcorrectly,thephysicaldiskconfigurationfilesinWorkstation guardaccess.Thisreliabilityprovidesbootmanagersaccesstoconfigurationfilesand otherfilestheymightneedtobootoperatingsystems.Forexample,LILOneedstoread /bootonaLinuxpartitiontobootanonLinuxoperatingsystemthatmightbeon anotherdrive. To set permissions on Linux hosts 1 Makesurethemasterphysicaldiskdeviceordevicesarereadableandwritableby theuserwhorunsWorkstation.
Physicaldevices,suchas/dev/hda(IDEphysicaldisk)and/dev/sdb(SCSI physicaldisk),belongtogroupiddiskonmostdistributions.Ifthisisthe case,youcanaddVMwareWorkstationuserstothediskgroup. Anotheroptionistochangetheownerofthedevice.Considerallthesecurity issuesinvolvedinthisoption.
GrantVMwareWorkstationusersaccesstoall/dev/hd[abcd]physicaldevices thatcontainoperatingsystemsorbootmanagers.
Create a Virtual Machine That Uses a Physical Disk

UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesa physicaldiskratherthanaddingaphysicaldisktoanexistingvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,completethetasksdescribedinPrerequisitesforUsingaPhysical Diskonpage 240.
VMware, Inc.
243
To create a virtual machine that uses a physical disk 1 2 UsetheCustomsetupintheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtual machinethatusesaphysicaldisk. OntheSelectaDiskpageofthewizard,selectUseaphysicaldisk,andchooseto useindividualpartitionsortheentiredisk. Ifyouuseindividualpartitions,onlythepartitionsyouselectareaccessibletothe virtualmachine.Theotherpartitionsmightbevisibletotheguestoperating system,butyoucannotmount,access,orformatthem. 3 (Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c d
SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthephysicaldiskandclickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 201.
Installtheguestoperatingsystemonthephysicaldisk. Forguestoperatingsystemsupport,knownissues,andinstallationinstructions, seetheonlineVMwareCompatibilityGuide.GototheVMwareWebsiteandselect Resources>CompatibilityGuides,andclicktheViewtheGuest/HostOStabon theVMwareCompatibilityGuideWebsitelink.
Add a Physical Disk to an Existing Virtual Machine

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor,ratherthantheNewVirtualMachinewizard, toaddaphysicaldisktoanexistingvirtualmachine.
244
VMware, Inc.
Beforeyoubegin,completethetasksdescribedinPrerequisitesforUsingaPhysical Diskonpage 240. CAUTIONAfteryouaddavirtualmachinediskbyusingoneormorepartitionsona physicaldisk,nevermodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityin theguestoperatingsystem.Ifyoudoso,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachines physicaldisk. To add a physical disk to an existing virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectUseaphysicaldiskandclickNext. Ifawarningappears,clickOK. OntheSelectaPhysicalDiskpage,dothefollowing: a Choosethephysicalharddisktousefromthedropdownlist. Workstationsupportsphysicaldisksupto2TB. b 9 Selectwhetheryouwanttousetheentirediskoronlyindividualpartitionson thediskandclickNext.
IfyouselectedUseindividualpartitions,selectthepartitionsyouwanttousein thevirtualmachineandclickNext. Thevirtualmachinecanaccessonlythepartitionsyouselect.Theguestoperating systemmightbeabletodetectotherpartitions,butyoucannotmount,access,or formatthem.
10 11
OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toadifferentlocation. (Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,clickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist.
VMware, Inc.
245
Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 201.
12 13
ClickFinish. Usetheguestoperatingsystemstoolstoformatanypartitionsonthephysicaldisk thatarenotformattedforyourguestoperatingsystem.
Adding DVD/CD-ROM and Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine

Workstation6.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSIdevices. AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDorCDROMdrive. Bydefault,floppydriveisnotconnectedwhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. AvirtualmachinecanreaddatafromaDVDdisc.Workstationdoesnotsupport playingDVDmoviesinavirtualmachine.Youmightbeabletoplayamovieifyouuse aDVDplayerapplicationthatdoesnotrequirevideooverlaysupportinthevideocard.
Add DVD or CD Drives to a Virtual Machine

YoucanaddoneormoreDVDorCDdrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Youcanconnect thevirtualDVDorCDdrivetoaphysicaldriveonthehostmachineortoanISOimage file. YoucanconfigurethevirtualDVDorCDdriveaseitherIDEorSCSIregardlessofthe typeofphysicaldriveyouconnectitto.Forexample,ifyourhostcomputerhasanIDE CDdrive,youcansetupthevirtualmachinedriveaseitherSCSIorIDEandconnectit tothehostdrive.ThesameistrueifthephysicaldriveonthehostisaSCSIdrive.
246
VMware, Inc.
To add a DVD or CD drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectDVD/CDROMDriveandclickNext. MakeaselectionontheSelectaDriveConnectionpageandclickNext. (Optional)IfyouselectUsephysicaldrive: a b c ChooseadrivefromthedropdownlistorchooseAutodetect. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. SelectLegacyemulationonlyifyouexperiencedproblemsusingnormal mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 248. d 7 ClickFinish.
(Optional)IfyouselectUseISOimage: a b c d Enterthepathandfilenamefortheimagefileorbrowsetothefile. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. ClickFinish.
ThedriveissetupinitiallysothatitappearsasanIDEdrivetotheguestoperating system. 8 (Optional)TomakethedriveappeartotheguestoperatingsystemasaSCSIdrive, clicktheentryforthatdriveinthevirtualmachinesettingseditorandeditthe settingsinthepanelontheright.
VMware, Inc.
247
Legacy Emulation for DVD and CD Drives

Innormalmode(thatis,notlegacyemulationmode),theguestoperatingsystem communicatesdirectlywiththeCDorDVDdrive.Thisdirectcommunicationenables youtoreadmultisessionCDs,performdigitalaudioextraction,viewvideos,anduse CDandDVDwriterstoburndiscs. LegacyemulationmodeenablesyoutoreadonlyfromdatadiscsintheDVDorCD drive.Itdoesnotprovidetheothercapabilitiesofnormalmode.Uselegacyemulation modetoworkarounddirectcommunicationproblemsbetweenaguestoperating systemandaDVDorCDdrive. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)tosettheLegacyemulation optionforDVDandCDdrivesattachedtothevirtualmachine:

OnWindowshosts,thisoptionisdeselectedbydefault. OnLinuxhostswithIDEdrives,thedefaultsettingdependsonwhetherthe ide-scsimoduleisloadedinyourkernel.Theide-scsimodulemustbeloaded, oryoumustbeusingaphysicalSCSIdrivetoconnectdirectlytotheDVDorCD drive.
Ifyourunmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,andiftheirCDdrivesareinlegacy emulationmode,startthevirtualmachineswiththeirCDdrivesdisconnected.This ensuresthatmultiplevirtualmachinesarenotconnectedtotheCDdriveatthesame time.
Add a Floppy Drive to a Virtual Machine

Youcanadduptotwofloppydrivestoavirtualmachine.Avirtualfloppydrivecan connecttoaphysicalfloppydriveonthehostcomputer,toanexistingfloppyimage file,ortoablankfloppyimagefile.Bydefault,floppydriveisnotconnectedwhenthe virtualmachinepowerson. To add a floppy drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectFloppyDriveandclickNext. Followtheinstructionstocompletethewizard.
248
VMware, Inc.
7 8
IntheDeviceStatussection,selecttheConnectatpoweronoptiontoconnectthe floppydrivewhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. (Optional)Ifyouareaddingasecondfloppydrivetothevirtualmachine,enable thissecondfloppydriveinthevirtualmachineBIOS,asfollows: a b c SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Power>PowerOntoBIOS. Onthemainscreen,chooseLegacyDisketteB:andusetheplus(+)andminus ()keysonthenumericalkeypadtoselectthetypeoffloppydrivetouse. PressF10tosavethesettings.
Connect a CD-ROM, DVD, or Floppy Drive to an Image File

YoucanconnectanexistingvirtualCDROM,DVD,orfloppydrivetoanimagefile (ISOfile)ratherthanthephysicaldriveonthehost.AnISOimagefileresemblesa CDROMtoyourguestoperatingsystemandevenappearsasaCDROMinWindows Explorer. Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromtheinstallation CDROM.Toavoidthatproblem,createanISOimagefilefromtheinstallation CDROM. To connect a CD-ROM, DVD, or floppy drive to an image file 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectaDVD,CDROM,orfloppydrive. Dooneofthefollowing:
ForaDVDorCDROMdrive,selectUseISOImageandspecifythepath nameandfilename. Forafloppydrive:
Ifthefilealreadyexists,selectUsefloppyImageandspecifythepath nameandfilename. Tocreateanimagefile,clickCreate,browsetothedirectorywhereyou plantostorethefloppyimagefile,supplyafilename,andclickSave(on Windowshosts)orOpen(onLinuxhosts).
5 6
(Optional)Tomakethefilereadonly,selecttheReadOnlycheckbox. ClickOK.
VMware, Inc.
249
Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager

VMwareVirtualDiskManagerisaWorkstationutilitythatallowsyoutocreate, manage,andmodifyvirtualdiskfilesfromthecommandlineorinscripts. Youcanenlargeavirtualdisksothatitsmaximumcapacityislargerthanitwaswhen youcreatedit.Thisisusefulifyouneedmorediskspaceinagivenvirtualmachine,but donotwanttoaddanothervirtualdiskoruseghostingsoftwaretotransferthedataon avirtualdisktoalargervirtualdisk.Youcannotdothiswithphysicalharddrives. Youcanalsochangedisktypes.Whenyoucreateavirtualmachine,youspecifyhow diskspaceisallocated,asfollows:
Allspaceforthevirtualdiskisallocatedinadvance.Thiscorrespondstothe preallocateddisktypeforVirtualDiskManager. Spaceallocatedforthevirtualdiskbeginssmallandgrowsasneeded.This correspondstothegrowabledisktypeforVirtualDiskManager.
Ifyouallocateallthediskspaceforavirtualdiskbutlaterneedtoreclaimsomehard diskspaceonthehost,youcanconvertthepreallocatedvirtualdiskintoagrowable disk.Thenewvirtualdiskisstilllargeenoughtocontainallthedataintheoriginal virtualdisk. Youcanalsochangewhetherthevirtualdiskisstoredinasinglefileorsplitinto2GB files. Thesefeaturesandtheabilitytousescriptingtoautomatemanagementofvirtualdisks wereaddedtoWorkstationinversion5.0.SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteaboutusing VirtualDiskManager.
Using Dual-Boot Computers with Virtual Machines

SomeusersinstallWorkstationonadualbootormultiplebootcomputersothatthey canrunoneormoreoftheexistingoperatingsystemsinavirtualmachine.Formore informationaboutusingdualbootcomputerswithWorkstation,seetheVMware DualBootComputersandVirtualMachinestechnicalnote.
Legacy Virtual Disks

YouhaveseveraloptionsforusingWorkstation7.0inamixedenvironmentwithvirtual machinesthatwerecreatedwithearlierversionsofWorkstationorcreatedwithother VMwareproducts. Forcompatibilityinformation,seetheVMwareVirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide.
250
VMware, Inc.
YoucanuseWorkstation7.0topoweronvirtualmachinescreatedwitholderversions ofWorkstationorotherVMwareproducts.However,manynewfeaturesof Workstationarenotavailableinoldervirtualmachines.Toupgradeyourvirtual machinestoWorkstation7.0,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 93. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,VMwarerecommendsthatyouupgrade VMwareToolstothelatestversion.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 112. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion. YoucanalsouseWorkstationtocreateaversion4,5.x,or6.xvirtualmachine.SeeUse theNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 87.UsetheCustomsetupinthewizard. NOTEIfyouhaveWorkstation 2or3virtualmachinesthatyouwanttousewith Workstation 7.0,upgradethevirtualmachinestoatleastWorkstationversion 4before youattempttopowerthemonwithWorkstation 7.0.
VMware, Inc.
251
252
VMware, Inc.
12
Recording and Replaying Virtual Machine Activity
12
Therecord/replayfeatureallowsyoutorecordallofaWorkstation5.x,6.x,or7.0virtual machinesactivityoveraperiodoftime.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

UsesoftheRecord/ReplayFeatureonpage 253 PhysicalandVirtualHardwareRequirementsonpage 254 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineonpage 255 CreateaRecordingonpage 260 ReplayaRecordingonpage 261 UsinganExecutionTraceFileofaRecordingonpage 262 MaintenanceTasksforUsingRecordingsonpage 264
Uses of the Record/Replay Feature

UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,therecord/replayfeaturerecordsallthe processorinstructionsofthevirtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording.This featurehelpssoftwaredevelopersandQAengineerstorecordabugandattacha debuggerwhilereplayingtherecording. Afteryouenabletherecord/replayfeatureforavirtualmachine,clicktheRecord buttoninthetoolbartostarttherecordingandclickStoptoendtherecording.Youcan makemultiplerecordingsandusethesnapshotmanagertoname,delete,andplay them.Whileyouaremakingarecordingyoucaninsertreplaysnapshotstoreturnto eventsandreplaythem.Tomarkapointofinterestintherecordingyoucanadda marker.Youcanalsomakeanexecutiontracefileofarecording,torecordeventsthat occurduringtherecording.
VMware, Inc.
253
Playingarecordingisinsomerespectssimilartogoingtoasnapshot.Whenyouplay arecording,youdiscardthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachineandgotothe recording.Atanytimewhentherecordingisplaying,youcanclicktheGoLivebutton andresumeinteractingwiththeguestoperatingsystematthestatethevirtualmachine isinwhenyouclickGoLive. NOTEVirtualmachinerecordingsarenotinterchangeablebetweendifferentversions ofWorkstation.RecordingscreatedusingearlierWorkstationorbetareleasescannotbe replayedusingthecurrentversionofWorkstation.
Physical and Virtual Hardware Requirements

Followingisalistofrequirementsforandlimitationsofthisfeature:
HostCPUsRecord/replaysupportislimitedtocertainprocessorsonthehost. If youusetherecord/replayfeatureonahostcomputerthatdoesnothavethe supportedprocessor,whenyouenabletherecord/replayfeatureandtrytocreate arecording,amessageappears,informingyouthatrecordingisnotsupportedon yourprocessor. SupportedprocessorsincludeIntelPentium4,IntelCore2andlaterversions, NextGenerationIntelMicroarchitectureNehalem,andPenryn/Harpertown,and AMDBarcelonaandlaterversions.Otherprocessorsmightoperatemoreslowly duringrecordingandreplaying. NOTEIftherecord/replayfeatureisunstableonyourP4system,disable hyperthreadingandlogicalprocessorsintheBIOS. WhenthesefeaturesareenabledinBIOS,otherapplicationsusingperformance countersmayinterferewiththevirtualmachinerunningintherecord/replay mode.Anexampleofanapplicationusingperformancecountersisthe performanceprofilingtool. Toensurethattheprocessorconfigurationiscompatiblewithrecord/replayyou mustconfigureyourvirtualmachine.SeeConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtual Machineonpage 255.
VirtualmachineversionOnlyWorkstation5.x,6.x,and7.0virtualmachinescan berecorded. SupportedoperatingsystemsYoucanusetherecord/replayfeatureonlyon 32bitversionsofthefollowingguestoperatingsystems:
Windows2000,XP,2003,Vista,7
254
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 12 Recording and Replaying Virtual Machine Activity
RedHatEnterpriseLinux3and4 SUSELinux9.3and10.x 64bitversionshaveexperimentalsupportandworkwithBarcelona, Penryn/Harpertown,andNehalemprocessors.
UnsupportedoperatingsystemsWindows2000isanunsupportedhost operatingsystem.Ifyouattempttoenabletherecord/replayfeatureonan unsupportedoperatingsystem,thevirtualmachinedoesnotpoweronuntilyou disablerecord/replay. UnsupportedvirtualhardwareSMPandparavirtualizationonVMIarenot supportedwithrecord/replay. DiskspaceHowmuchdiskspacearecordingusesdependsonthetypeof activitythatoccursonthevirtualmachineandthedurationoftherecording session.Bydefault,ascreenshotiscreatedevery15seconds.Therefore,assume thatyouwillneedseveralmegabytesofdiskspaceforoneminuteofrecording. NOTEHavinganumberofvirtualmachineswithhighresolutiondisplaysettings openonthescreenconsumesmorediskspace.
DiskmodeYoucannotusetherecord/replayfeatureifthevirtualmachines virtualharddiskissettoindependentmode.Recordingvirtualmachineactivity requireswritingdataaboutthedisktoacontinualsnapshot.Usethevirtual machinesettingseditortochangethediskmode(selectVM>Settings>Hardware >HardDisk>Advanced).
Configure Record/Replay for a Virtual Machine

MakesurethatthevirtualmachinemeetstherequirementslistedinPhysicaland VirtualHardwareRequirementsonpage 254. To configure record/replay for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. SelectthevirtualmachineandselectVM>Settings. Tosetprocessorconfigurationforrecord/replay,selectVM>Settings>Hardware >Processorsandselect1processorwith1coreperprocessor. InthePreferredmodedropdownmenu,selectAutomaticorAutomaticwith ReplaytoletWorkstationselecttheexecutionmodebasedontheguestoperating systemandthehostCPU.
VMware, Inc.
255
AutomaticwithReplayreferstotheexecutionrecord/replayfeature.Formany combinationsofCPUandguestoperatingsystem,youcanselectAutomaticand stillusetherecord/replayfeature.Ifnot,anerrormessagedirectsyoutoselect AutomaticwithReplay. SelectingAutomaticorAutomaticwithReplaymeansthatWorkstationselects oneofthefollowing:
BinarytranslationUsesamixofdirectlyexecutingguestcodeandbinary translationtoruntheguest.Thisoptionusesshadowpagetablestomapguest memory. IntelVTxorAMDVUseshardwareextensionstorunandisolateguest code.Thisoptionalsousesshadowpagetablestomapguestmemory. IntelVTx/EPTorAMDV/RVIUseshardwareextensionstorunandisolate guestcode.Thisoptionuseshardwarepagingsupporttomapguestmemory.
Thechoicedependsonwhichmodeprovidesthebestperformancefortheselected guestoperatingsystemonthehostsCPU. 5 6 ClicktheOptionstabandselectReplay. (Optional)OntheReplaysettingspanelasasafetyprecaution,usetheWhen Recordingcontrolstolimithowmuchdiskspacetherecordingcanuse.
SettingtheMaximumdiskspacetoUnlimitedusesmuchmorediskspace thansettingitto2GB. SelectingSavethelastsetsthedurationofthetimetosavetherecording. SettingSnapshotfrequencyto5minusesmuchmorediskspacethansetting ittoNever.
(Optional)SelecttheEnableVAssert(experimental)checkboxtouseVMware VAsserttodebugapplications. VAssertenablesdevelopersandsupportengineerstotakeadvantageoftraditional assertandloggingcapabilitiestodebugerrorsinreplaylogs.Theassertsappear onlyduringreplayofarecording.
(Optional)SelecttheEnableVisualStudiodebugger(experimental)checkboxto usetheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioonWindowsonly. Developerscanuserecord/replaytorecordanexecutionofanapplicationand debugtherecordedformoftheapplication.Recordedbugscanbereplayed repeatedlyandexhibitthesamebehavior.
ClickOK.
256
VMware, Inc.
Record Control Dialog Box Features

OnWindows,arecordcontroldialogboxappearswhenyouclicktheRecordbuttonin thetoolbar.OnLinux,therecordoptionsarelocatedinthetoolbar. NOTEOnLinux,youcannotaddmarkerstoarecording.

StopStopstherecordingthatisinprogress. AddSnapshotTakesareplaysnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithinthe recording.Youcanusethissnapshotduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecording. AddMarkerAddsamarkerintherecordingwithouttakingareplaysnapshot. Youcanaddandlabelamarkerasareminderofapointofinterestintherecording. MinimizeOnWindowsandLinuxhosts,the()buttonminimizestherecord controldialogboxtothelowerleftsideofthestatusbar.Theminimizedmode allowsyoutoworkonthevirtualmachineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbarto eitherstoparecordingoraddamarker. NOTEYoucannotclosetherecordcontroldialogbox.
MaximumdiskspaceShowsthemaximumdiskspacequotaallocatedforthe recording. SavingthelastDisplaystheapproximatedurationoftimewheretheendofa recordingissaved.Forexample,ifyouaresavingthelast30minutesofthe recording,astherecordingcontinues,onlythelast30minutesofthevirtual machineactivityissavedatanygiventime. SnapshotFrequencyShowsthefrequencywhenanautomaticreplaysnapshot isaddedtotherecording. NextautosnapshotDisplayswhenthenextautomaticreplaysnapshotisgoing tobeaddedtotherecording. LastsnapshotIndicateswhenthelastreplaysnapshotwasaddedtothe recording.
VMware, Inc.
257
Replay Control Dialog Box Features

Thereplaycontroldialogboxappearswhenyoureplayarecording. NOTEOnLinux,youcannotaddmarkerstoarecording. Figure 12-1. Windows Replay Control Dialog Box
current replay position slider replay snapshot marker
zoom controls
Go to Beginning
Go to Previous Snapshot
Go to Next Snapshot
replay speed control
Figure 12-2. Linux Replay Control Dialog Box

current replay position slider
pause
replay snapshots
replay speed control
Thereplaycontroldialogboxcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
Play/PausePlaysthelastrecordingyoumadefortheselectedvirtualmachine.If thevirtualmachineispoweredoff,therecordingisresumed,asifithadbeen suspended.Ifyouclickthesamebuttononcethereplayispaused.Toresume replayclickthebuttonagain. GoLiveStopsthereplaythatisinprogressandrevertstothecurrentstateofthe virtualmachine. AddSnapshotTakesareplaysnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithinthe recording.Youcanusethissnapshotduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecording.
258
VMware, Inc.
AddMarkerAddsamarkerintherecordingwithouttakingareplaysnapshot. Youcanaddandlabelamarkerasareminderofapointofinterestintherecording. GotoBeginningReturnstothebeginningoftherecording. GotoPreviousSnapshotReplaystherecordingtothepointwheretheprevious replaysnapshotislocatedandpausestheplayback. GotoNextSnapshotReplaystherecordingtothepointwherethenextreplay snapshotislocatedandpausestheplayback. GotoThisSnapshotReplaystherecordingfromtheselectedreplaysnapshot. Rightclickthereplaysnapshoticontousethisoption. RenameThisSnapshotRenamestheselectedreplaysnapshot.Rightclickthe replaysnapshoticontousethisoption. DeleteUptoThisSnapshotDeletestheportionoftherecordinguptothe selectedreplaysnapshot.Allthemarkersandreplaysnapshotsuptotheselected replaysnapshotaredeletedandcannotberecovered.Rightclickthereplay snapshoticontousethisoption. DeleteAfterThisSnapshotDeletestheremainingportionoftherecordingafter theselectedreplaysnapshot.Allthemarkersandreplaysnapshotsafterthe selectedreplaysnapshotaredeletedandcannotberecovered.Rightclickthe replaysnapshoticontousethisoption. RenameThisMarkerRenamestheselectedmarker.Rightclickthemarkericon tousethisoption. DeleteThisMarkerDeletestheselectedmarker.Rightclickthemarkericonto usethisoption. CurrentReplayPositionSliderAllowsyoutopreviewareplay.Youcandragthe slidertothenearestpreviousmarkerorreplaysnapshotandstartreplaying.On Linux,theautoscrollfunctionofthezoomedinportionisenabled.TheCurrent ReplayPositionSliderisaredarrowlocatedintheprogresstimeline. ZoomcontrolControlsthezoominandoutfunctionduringreplay. MinimizeThe()buttonminimizesthedialogboxtothebottomlefthandside ofthestatusbar.Theminimizedmodeallowsyoutoviewtherecordinginthe virtualmachineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbar.Theprogressindicatorinthe statusbarshowsthetimelineoftherecording. NOTEYoucannotclosethereplaycontroldialogbox.
VMware, Inc.
259
ReplayspeedcontrolControlsthereplayspeedofarecording.OnWindows, clicktherightbuttontoincreasethereplayspeedtothemaximum.Clicktheleft buttontodecreasethereplayspeedtonormal.OnLinux,clickbuttontotoggle betweenspeeds. NOTEThespeedofaplaybackdependsonthehostactivityandworkloadofthe guest.
Create a Recording
Whilecreatingarecordingyoucannotpauseorreverseit.Formoreinformationabout enablingrecord/replayseeConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineon page 255. Beforeyoubegin,verifythescreenresolutionsettings.Theexistingscreenresolutionis usedinthevirtualmachinewhilereplayingarecording.Theresolutioncannotbe changedduringreplay. NOTEIfyouhotremoveavirtualdevicefromtheguestbyusingtheWindowsSafely RemoveHardwareoptionwhilecreatingarecording,therecordingterminates unexpectedly. To create a recording 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. TobeginrecordingselectVM>Replay>Record. Arecordingspecificsnapshotistaken,andtherecordingdialogboxindicatesthat recordingisinprogress. IftheRecordcommandisunavailable,thefeaturemightnotbeenabledorthehard diskmightbesettoindependentmode. 3 (Optional)Toaddareplaysnapshotduringrecording,clickAddSnapshotand labelthereplaysnapshotintheAddReplaySnapshotdialogbox. Takingasnapshotpausestheexecutionofthevirtualmachineforafewseconds. Asidefromthereplaysnapshotsyouadd,replaysnapshotsareautomatically addedaccordingtothefrequencyyousetbyusingthevirtualmachinesettings editor. 4 (Optional)Toaddamarkerduringrecording,clickAddMarkerandlabelthe markerintheAddMarkerdialogbox. Addingmarkersdoesnotpausetheexecutionofthevirtualmachine.
260 VMware, Inc.
Tostoprecording,clicktheStopbuttonintherecordingdialogboxorinthe toolbar. (Optional)OnWindows,whilemakingarecordingyoucanusetheminimized recordcontroltostoparecording,addareplaysnapshot,oraddamarker.
6 7
CompletethedialogboxthatappearsandclickSave. Tochangethenameoftherecording,addorchangethedescription,ordeletethe recording,selectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager.
Replay a Recording
Ifyouchangefromwindowedmodetofullscreenmodeduringreplay,theautofit featuredoesnotwork. To replay a recording 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. Ifitispoweredonandyoudonotwanttolosethecurrentstateofthevirtual machine,takeasnapshotofit. Forinstructions,seeTakeaSnapshotonpage 205. 3 ToplaythelatestrecordingofthevirtualmachineselectVM>Replay>Replay <name_of_recording>. OnWindows,whilereplayingarecordingyoucanusethecontrolsinthe minimizedreplaycontrol. 4 Toplayanearlierrecording,usethesnapshotmanager,asfollows: a b SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. SelecttherecordingsnapshottoplayandclickReplay. IfyoustoptherecordingbeforeitisfinishedreplayingbyclickingtheGoLive buttonandreplaytherecordingagain,therecordingstartsfromthe beginning,notfromthepointwhereyouclickedGoLive. AsnapshotofarecordingisshowninFigure ,SnapshotManagerOverview, onpage 203. 5 6 Inthedialogboxthatappears,confirmthatyouwanttostartreplayingthe recording. Tosuspendthereplay,clickthePausebuttoninthereplaycontroldialogbox.The buttontogglestoaPlaybuttonsothatyoucanclickitagaintoresumeplayingthe recording.
261
VMware, Inc.
7 8
(Optional)Tomakeatracefileofeventsthatoccurredduringrecording,seeUsing anExecutionTraceFileofaRecordingonpage 262. (Optional)Tostopreplayingtherecordingbeforeitfinishesplaying,clicktheGo Livebuttontostopthereplayandresumeinteractingwiththevirtualmachine.
Browse a Recording
Thelengthofarecordingcanvaryfromafewminutestoseveralhours.Whenthe recordingisseveralhourslong,usethepositionslidertoaccesstherecordingat randomintervals.OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,zoominandoutoftherecordingby usingthezoomcontrols.Usethezoomedinautoscrollfunctiontobrowsethe recording. To browse a recording 1 2 Openarecording. Dragthesliderfromthecurrentpositionintherecordingtoanotherspecific position. Thenewsliderpositionmusthavea16secondsintervalfromtheprevious position. 3 (Optional)Intheconfirmationdialogbox,selectthecheckboxNevershowthis again. Thedialogboxstopsreappearingeverytimeyoubrowsearecording. 4 ClickOK. Thevirtualmachinerevertstothenearestpreviousreplaysnapshotandstarts replayinguntilitreachesthetargetlocation.Duringthereplay,thesliderremains atthesamepointandtheremainingplaybacktimeappearsinredabovetheslider. Formoreinformation,seeFigure 121.Whentherecordingreachesthesliders position,therecordingispaused.
Using an Execution Trace File of a Recording

Tracefilesaredetailedlogsproducedbyaprogramthatarehelpfulfordebugging. Whenyoumakeanexecutiontracefileofarecording,youcanviewalltheeventsthat occurredduringtherecording. Whenarecordingisreplayed,instructiontracingcanbeturnedonandoffbypressing thetkeywiththemousegrabbedbytheguestoperatingsystemwindows.
262
VMware, Inc.
Enable Execution Tracing for a Recording

Executiontracingisdisabledbydefault.Tocreateexecutiontracefilesforarecording youmustenableit. Beforeyoubegin,poweroffthevirtualmachine. To enable execution tracing 1 Openthepreferencesfilewithatexteditor. Thisfileislocatedin:
OnWindowsServer2003andWindowsXPhosts,C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\VMware OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts, C:\Users\<username>\Application Data\VMware OnLinuxhosts,<homedir>/<username>/.vmware/ Here <homedir>isthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetime thevirtualmachineiscreated.
Towritetracefilestothevmware.log,addthefollowinglinetothepreferences file.
pref.replay.enableTrace = "TRUE"
3 4 5 6 7
SelectVM>Settings. UndertheOptionstab,selectAdvanced. UndertheSettingsoption,setGatherdebugginginformationtoFullfromthe dropdownmenu. ClickOK. (Optional)Towritetracefilestoaseparate.gzfile,addthefollowinglinetothe vmx file.

replay.nogzTrace = false
Create an Execution Trace File of a Recording

Afterenablingexecutiontracing,whenyoucreateanexecutionfileofarecordingthe Tracebuttonappearsinthereplaydialogbox.
VMware, Inc.
263
To create an execution trace file of a recording 1 2 Replayarecording. Inthereplaydialogbox,clickTracetostartthetracefile. Theplaybackspeedoftherecordingslowsconsiderablywhilethetracefileis created. 3 Toendthetracefile,clickTraceagain. Otherwise,thetracefileendswhentherecordingfinishesreplaying.
Maintenance Tasks for Using Recordings

Dependingonthelengthofarecording,thenumberofitsperiodicscreenshots,andthe numberofrecordings,thediskspaceusedfortherecord/replayfeaturecanbe considerable.Whenyoucreaterecordings,Workstationgoesintofulldebuggingmode.
Delete a Recording
Deleterecordingsthatyoudonotneedtofreediskspace. To delete a recording 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. IntheSnapshotManagerwindow,selecttherecordingtodelete. RightclickandselectDeleteRecordingandChildren. IfyouselectarecordingandclicktheDeletebutton,theselectedrecordingis removedandthecorrespondingsnapshotsintherecordingremainintact.
Disable Periodic Screenshots

Iftherecordingsessionlastsforalongtime,asignificantnumberofscreenshotsare automaticallycreatedinthevirtualmachinedirectory.Evenwhenperiodicscreenshots aredisabled,onescreenshotistakenattheendofeveryrecording. To disable periodic screenshots 1 Addthefollowinglinetotheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforthevirtualmachine whereXdenotestheintervalofscreenshotstakeninseconds.Thedefaultvaluefor Xis15seconds.
snapshot.periodicScreenshots = "X"
264 VMware, Inc.
2 3
Todisableperiodicscreenshots,changethevalueofXto0. Saveandclosetheconfigurationfile.
VMware, Inc.
265
266
VMware, Inc.
13
Configuring Teams
13
Thischapterdescribeswhatvirtualmachineteamsareusedfor,howtocreatethem, andhowtoconfigurethem.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

BenefitsofUsingTeamsonpage 267 ManagingTeamsonpage 268 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 271 ManagingtheMembersofaTeamonpage 272 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembersonpage 274 WorkingwithTeamNetworksonpage 276 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachinesonpage 278
Benefits of Using Teams

Workstationteamsallowyoutosetupavirtualcomputerlabononehostcomputer. Useateamtopoweronmultipleassociatedvirtualmachineswithasingleclick. Youcanuseteamstodothefollowing:
VirtualizemultitierenvironmentsStartseparateclient,server,anddatabase virtualmachineswithoneclick.Configurestartupdelaytimessoclientsdonot submitqueriesbeforetheserverisready. Settingastartupdelaybetweenthebootingofvirtualmachinesalsoavoids overloadingtheCPUofthehost.
VirtualizemultiplemachinetestingenvironmentsSetupasoftwarepackage forQAonavirtualmachine,andconfigureautomationonothervirtualmachines totestthefirst.
VMware, Inc.
267
VirtualizenetworkperformanceandsecurityTeamvirtualmachinescanuse networkingjustasothervirtualmachinescan.Inaddition,teammemberscan communicateinprivatenetworkscalledLANsegments.Teamnetworkingletsyou todothefollowing:
Isolateateamcompletelyfromthehostnetwork.AteamLANsegmentis undetectableandinaccessiblefromanyothernetwork. CreateavirtualDMZorproxyservertosecurelybridgetheteammembersto theoutsidenetwork. Allowspecificnetworkbandwidthandpacketlosstoeachvirtualmachineon theteam. Connectallteammembersfullytohostresources.
Youcontrolalltrafficallowedbetweenthehostnetworkandteamvirtual machines.
MonitormultiplevirtualmachinesUsethumbnailviewsofthevirtualmachine displaystoreviewactivityonteamvirtualmachinessimultaneously.
Managing Teams
Managingteamsrequirescreating,deleting,opening,closing,andchangingthenames ofteams.
Create a Team
UsetheNewTeamwizardtocreateateamandaddvirtualmachines. Beforecreatingateam,ifyouplantoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamwhile completingtheNewTeamwizard,taketheseactions:

Poweroffanyvirtualmachinesthatyouwanttoaddtotheteam. Poweroffanyvirtualmachinesthatyouwanttocloneifyouintendtocreatea cloneandaddittotheteam.
Youcaninsteadaddvirtualmachinesafteryoucreatetheteam,byusingtheTeam menu. NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinescannotbeaddedtoteams.
268
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 13 Configuring Teams
To create a team 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>Team. IntheNewTeamwizard,supplythefollowinginformation: a Enteranamefortheteamandspecifythelocationofthevirtualteamfiles. Bydefault,theteamfilesarestoredinthesamedirectoryasvirtualmachines. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 83. b Specifywhethertoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamnoworlater. Ifyouwanttoaddvirtualmachinesnow,youhavethefollowingoptions:
NewVirtualMachineLaunchestheNewVirtualMachinewizard.See UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 87. ExistingVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucan navigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateamitcannolongerbeaccessed outsidetheteam.SeeAddaVirtualMachinetoaTeamonpage 272.
NewCloneofVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyou cannavigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile.Afteryou selectavirtualmachine,WorkstationlaunchestheCloneVirtualMachine wizard.SeeCreatingClonesonpage 217.
SpecifywhethertoaddoneormoreLANsegments. YoucanaddLANsegmentsafteryoucreatetheteambyusingtheTeam menu.IfyouaddLANsegmentswhilecreatingtheteam,youcanchange defaultnamesandbandwidthlater.SeeWorkingwithTeamNetworkson page 276.
Aftertheteamiscreated,youcanaddittotheFavoriteslist.UsetheTeammenuto configuretheteamfurther,ortoaddandremovevirtualmachines.
Open a Team and Add It to the Favorites List

Openingateamdisplaysitssummarytabbutdoesnotpoweronthevirtualmachines includedintheteam. To open a team and add it to the Favorites list 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>Open. Browsetothelocationofthe.vmtmfilefortheteamyouwant.
VMware, Inc.
269
3 4
SelectthefileandclickOpen. (Optional)ToaddtheteamtotheFavoriteslist,chooseFile>AddtoFavorites. AfterateamisaddedtotheFavoriteslist,youcanopenitbyclickingitinthe Favoriteslistratherthanusingthemenubar.
Youcannowpowerononeormoreofthevirtualmachinesintheteam.SeePowerOn aTeamonpage 274.
Rename a Team
Whenyoucreateateam,thenameofthedirectorywheretheteam(.vmtm)fileisstored isbasedonthenameyouoriginallygivetheteam.Althoughyoucanchangethename oftheteam,thenameofthisfiledoesnotchange. To rename a team Dooneofthefollowing:
IftheteamisintheFavoriteslist,rightclickitandchooseRename.Typethenew nameandpressEnter. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings>Options.Typeanewnameinthe TeamnamefieldandclickOK.
Power Off or Close a Team

Poweringoffateammeansshuttingdownallthevirtualmachinesintheteam. The virtualmachinesarepoweredoffinreverseorderofthatshowninthestartup sequence.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 273. ClosingateamremovesitssummarytabfromtheWorkstationwindow.Dependingon howyousetWorkstationpreferences,closingateammightrequirepoweringoffthe team. To power off or close a team Dependingonwhichoperationyouwanttoperform,dooneofthefollowing:
Topowerofftheteam,selectitandchooseTeam>Power>PowerOff. Dependingonhowyouconfiguredpoweroperations,theguestoperatingsystem mightbeshutdownbeforethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.SeeConfigure PowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 149.
Toclosetheteam,selectitandchooseFile>Close.
270
VMware, Inc.
DependingonhowWorkstationpreferencesareset,ifanyoftheteamsvirtual machinesarestillpoweredon,youmightseeaprompt.Forinformationaboutthe optionsshownintheprompt,seeClosingVirtualMachinesandExiting Workstationonpage 70.
Delete a Team
Beforeyoucandeleteateam,youmustpoweroffallvirtualmachinesthataremembers oftheteam.SeePowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 270. Whenyoudeleteateam,youcanchoosetodelete:

Onlytheteam(retainingthevirtualmachinesintheteam) Theteamandthevirtualmachinesintheteam
ToremoveateamfromtheWorkstationwindowratherthandeletingit,seeRemovea VirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 273. CAUTIONDeletingateampermanentlyremovestheteamfilesfromthehostfilesystem andremovesassociatedLANsegmentsfromallvirtualmachines.Deletingtheteams virtualmachinesalongwiththeteamremovesthevirtualmachinefilespermanently. To delete a team 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Delete from Disk. Completethedialogboxthatappears:

Todeletetheteamwithoutdeletingthevirtualmachinesinit,chooseDelete. Todeletetheteamandthevirtualmachinesinit,chooseDeleteTeamand VMs.
Whenyoudeleteateam,youalsodeleteallteamLANsegments.Thevirtual networkadaptersassociatedwithdeletedLANsegmentsbecomedisconnected. Bridged,hostonly,NAT,andcustomconfigurationsremainunchanged. 3 ClickOK.
Summary and Console Views for Teams and Their Virtual Machines
Workstationdisplaysteamsinasummaryvieworconsoleview:
Thesummaryviewisavailableatanytime.SeeSummaryViewonpage 56.
VMware, Inc.
271
Theconsoleviewisavailableonlywhenateamispoweredon.Agrabbarallows youtoresizetheareas.Thisviewdisplaysalargeconsoleviewoftheselected virtualmachineandthumbnailconsoleviewsoftheothervirtualmachinesinthe team.Thumbnailviewsshowtheorderofthestartupsequence,fromlefttoright andtoptobottom.
Iftheteamcontainsmanyvirtualmachines,youmightneedtoscrollthethumbnailsto viewallthevirtualmachines.Thethumbnailsaredisplayedinthesameorderasthe teamsstartupsequence.Theleftmostvirtualmachineisthefirstoneinthesequence. Workstationupdatesthumbnailsinrealtime,todisplaytheactualcontentofthevirtual machinescreens.Theactivevirtualmachineistheoneyouselectorswitchtobyusing theTeam>SwitchTomenu.Itappearsinthelowerpaneoftheconsole.Itsthumbnail isrepresentedbytheVMwareicon. Workstationmenusandcommandsdirectlyaffectonlytheactivevirtualmachine,and youcanusethemouseandkeyboardtointeractdirectlywiththeactivevirtual machine. Infullscreenmode,Workstationdisplaysonlytheactivevirtualmachine.SeeUseFull ScreenModeonpage 159.
Managing the Members of a Team

Managingmembersofateamrequiresaddingvirtualmachinestoateam,removing themfromateam,andsettingtheorderinwhichmembersofateamstartandstop.
Add a Virtual Machine to a Team

Beforeyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,considertheseissues:
Avirtualmachineisnotpoweredonwhenyouaddittoarunningteam.Youmust powerontheaddedvirtualmachinemanuallytouseitduringthecurrentsession. Theaddedvirtualmachineisthereafterpoweredonoroffwiththerestoftheteam. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,youcannolongeroperatethevirtual machineoutsidetheteam.Addingavirtualmachinetoateamthereforeremoves itfromtheFavoriteslist.
NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinescannotbeaddedtoteams. To add a virtual machine to a team Selecttheteam,chooseTeam>Add,andchooseoneofthefollowingoptions:
272
VMware, Inc.
NewVirtualMachineLaunchestheNewVirtualMachinewizard.SeeUsethe NewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 87. ExistingVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucannavigatethe hostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateamitcannolongerbeaccessedoutsidethe team.
NewCloneofVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucan navigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile.Afteryouselecta virtualmachine,WorkstationlaunchestheCloneVirtualMachinewizard.See CreatingClonesonpage 217.
Remove a Virtual Machine from a Team

Removeavirtualmachinefromateamwhenyouwanttousethevirtualmachine independently.Thatis,itdoesnotneedtobestarteduporshutdownbeforeorafter anyothervirtualmachine.Italsodoesnotneedtobeinaprivateteamnetwork. NOTEWhenyouremoveavirtualmachinefromateam,youalsoremoveitfromteam LANsegments.VirtualnetworkadaptersassociatedwithLANsegmentsbecome disconnected.Bridged,hostonly,NAT,andcustomconfigurationsremainunchanged. To remove a virtual machine from a team 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachinethatyouwanttoremove. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Remove><virtual machine name>. Theselectedvirtualmachineisremovedfromtheteam. Youmightwanttoperformthesetasksafterremovingthevirtualmachine:
AddthevirtualmachinetotheFavoriteslist.SeeToaddvirtualmachinesand teamstotheFavoriteslistonpage 64. Deletethevirtualmachineanderaseitsfilesfromthehostfilesystem.SeeDelete aVirtualMachineonpage 155.
Specify the Startup Sequence for a Team

Useastartupsequencetospecifytheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesstartandstopand thedelay,inseconds,betweenstartingandstoppingthenextvirtualmachineinthe sequence.
VMware, Inc.
273
Poweronandresumeoperationsoccurintheorderofthesequenceshownintheteam settingslist.Poweroffoperationsoccurinreverseorder.Thedefaultsequenceisthe orderinwhichyouaddedthevirtualmachinestotheteam.Thedefaultdelayis 10 seconds. Settingastartupsequenceisuseful,forexample,ifyouhaveavirtualmachinethatruns anapplicationtobetestedandyouwantittostartbeforethevirtualmachinesrunning anautomatedtestingscript. SettingadelayavoidsoverloadingtheCPUwhenmultiplevirtualmachinesstartand allowsapplicationsonavirtualmachinetolaunchbeforeanotherteamvirtualmachine attemptstoconnect. To specify a startup sequence for a team 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>SettingsandclicktheVirtualMachinestab. Usetheupanddownarrowbuttonstoarrangethevirtualmachinesinthelist. Thevirtualmachineatthetopofthelististhefirstinthestartupsequence. 3 Selecteachvirtualmachineandspecifyhowmanysecondsyouwantittowait beforestartingthenextvirtualmachine. Ifthevirtualmachineteamdependsonprecisestartuptiming,experimentto determinehowmuchtimethehostandguestoperatingenvironmentsand applicationsneedtolaunch. 4 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Power Operations for Teams and Their Members

Poweroperationsforteamsaremuchthesameasthoseforanindividualvirtual machine.However,forateam,youcanalsochangethesequenceinwhichthemembers ofateampoweronandoff.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 273. YoucanalsouseWorkstationscommandlineapplicationforteampoweroperations. SeeAppendix A,WorkstationCommandLineReference,onpage 477.
Power On a Team
Whenyoupoweronateam,thevirtualmachinesintheteampoweroninthestartup sequencespecifiedintheteamsettingseditor.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequencefora Teamonpage 273.
274
VMware, Inc.
To power on a team Dooneofthefollowing:
TousetheWorkstationGUI,selecttheteamandchooseTeam>Power> Power On. Tousethecommandline,seeStartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtual Machinesonpage 477.
Suspend or Resume a Team

Whenyoususpendateam,allteamvirtualmachinesaresuspendedsimultaneously. Thestartupsequencedeterminestheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesareresumedand howmuchtimeelapsesbeforeresumingthenextteammember.SeeSpecifythe StartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 273. IfyouattempttocloseWorkstationwhileateamsuspendorresumeoperationisstillin progress,awarningdialogboxappears. To suspend or resume a team 1 Tosuspendorresumeateam,selecttheteamandchooseoneoftheTeam>Power options. Allteamvirtualmachinesaresuspendedsimultaneously. 2 Toseetheprogressofaparticularteammember,chooseTeam>Switch To> <virtual_machine_name>.
Thetimetocompletetheoperationvarieswiththesizeofthevirtualmachines.
Perform Power Operations on One Team Member

Performingapoweroperationforonememberofateamissimilartoperformingthe operationforavirtualmachinethatisnotpartoftheteam,exceptthatinsteadof selectingthemachinefromtheFavoriteslist,youselectitfromtheteamsconsoletab. To perform power operations on one team member 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachinefromtheteamsconsoletab. ChoosetheappropriatecommandfromtheVM>Powermenu.
VMware, Inc.
275
Working with Team Networks

Oneoftheadvantagesofteamsistheabilitytoisolatevirtualmachinesinprivate virtualnetworks,calledLANsegments.Thiscanbeusefulwithmultitiertesting, networkperformanceanalysis,andsituationswhereisolationandpacketlossare important. ForinformationaboutotheraspectsofnetworkingthanLANsegments,seeChapter 14, ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork,onpage 281.
LAN Segment Requirements Regarding IP Addresses

Whenyouaddanexistingvirtualmachinetoateam,thevirtualmachinemightbe configuredtoexpectanIPaddressfromaDHCPserver.UnlikehostonlyandNAT networking,LANsegmentshavenoDHCPserverprovidedautomaticallyby Workstation. EachnetworkclientmusthaveanIPaddressforTCP/IPnetworking.Thereforeyou mustmanuallyconfigureIPaddressingforteamvirtualmachinesonaLANsegment. Twochoicesareavailable:
DHCPConfigureaDHCPserveronyourLANsegmenttoallocateIPaddresses toyourvirtualmachines. StaticIPConfigureafixedIPaddressforeachvirtualmachineontheLAN segment.
Create a Team LAN Segment

ThefirststeptocreatingavirtualnetworkforateamistoaddandnameaLAN segment.Youcanthenconfigureconnectionstothissegment. To create a team LAN segment 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Add>LAN Segment. EnteranamefortheprivatenetworkandclickOK. Youcanconfiguretheothersettingsinthisdialogboxlater. YoumightwanttoperformthesetasksaftercreatingaLANsegment:
Configurenetworktransmissionpropertiesforthesegment.SeeConfigureLAN Segmentsonpage 277. Createanetworkadapterandconnectittothesegment.SeeAddorRemove NetworkAdaptersonpage 277.
276
VMware, Inc.
Configure LAN Segments

YoucanconfigurenetworktransmissionpropertiesforateamLANsegment,including bandwidthsettingssuchasconnectiontypeandspeed,aswellaspercentageofpacket lossallowed. To configure LAN segments 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. ClicktheLANSegmentstab,andcompletethefields. Fromthistabyoucanadd,remove,andrenametheLANsegmentsconfiguredfor theteam. ThelistintheleftpanedisplaysLANsegmentsassociatedwiththeteam. 3 ClickanametoselecttheLANsegmentyouwanttoconfigure. Therightpanedisplaysparametersforthephysicalpropertiesoftheemulated LANsegmentlink:
NameNameoftheLANsegment.Tochangethename,typeanewnamein theNamefield. BandwidthDropdownmenuofbandwidthsfortypicalnetworklinks.To changethebandwidth,chooseanotherconnectiontypefromthedropdown menu. KbpsFieldtosetacustombandwidth,inkilobitspersecond.Changeshere areoverwrittenwhenyoumakeaselectionfromtheBandwidthmenu.To changethebandwidth,typeanumberintothefield. PacketLossSpecificationoftheefficiencyorfaultinessofthelink,measured inthepercentageofpacketslostfromthetotalnumberofpacketstransmitted. Tochangethepacketlosssetting,typeanumberintothefield.
4 5
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. (Optional)Ifvirtualmachinesarecurrentlyrunningandyouwantthemtoadopt theseconfigurationchanges,poweron,reset,orresumethevirtualmachines,as appropriate.
Add or Remove Network Adapters

AphysicalPCmusthaveanetworkadapterorNIC(networkinterfacecontroller),for eachphysicalnetworkconnection.Similarly,avirtualmachinemustbeconfigured withavirtualnetworkadapterforeachLANsegmentitinteractswith.
VMware, Inc.
277
ToconnectavirtualmachinetomultipleLANsegmentssimultaneously,youmust configurethatvirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkadapters. To add or remove network adapters 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachinethatyouwanttoaddanetworkadaptertoorremove anadapterfrom. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. OntheConnectionstab,selectthevirtualmachineanddooneofthefollowing:
Toaddanetworkadapter,clickAddAdapter. TheaddedadapterisdisplayedintheAdapterscolumn.Bydefault,the adapterconnectstothebridgedLANsegment,butyoucanchangethesetting byclickingacheckboxforanothersegment.Ifthesegmentyouwanttouseis notlisted,createit.SeeCreateaTeamLANSegmentonpage 276. NICsconfiguredwithconnectionsthroughaDHCPservercannotconnectto ateamLANsegment.
Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapteryouwanttoremoveandclick RemoveAdapter.
ClickOK.
Delete a LAN Segment

DeletingaLANsegmentdisconnectsallvirtualnetworkadaptersthatareconfigured forthatLANsegment.Whenyouremoveavirtualmachinefromateam,youmust manuallyconfigureitsdisconnectedvirtualnetworkadapterifyouwanttoreconnect thevirtualmachinetoanetwork. To delete a LAN segment 1 2 3 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. ClicktheLANSegmentstabandselecttheLANsegmentyouwanttodelete. ClickRemoveandclickOK.
Cloning and Taking Snapshots of Team Virtual Machines

Youcancloneavirtualmachineinateaminthesamewayyoucloneanyothervirtual machine.SeeCreatingClonesonpage 217. Whenyoucloneavirtualmachineinateam:
278
VMware, Inc.
Theresultingcloneisnotpartoftheteam. ThecloneappearsontheFavoriteslistaswellasinasummarywindow. IftheparentvirtualmachineisconfiguredforaLANsegment,thevirtualnetwork adapterforthatLANsegmentonthecloneisdisconnected.Toconnecttoa network,youmustreconfigurethevirtualEthernetadaptermanually.
Snapshotsoperateonlyonvirtualmachinesandnotonthewholeteam.Whenateam isactive,youcanusetheSnapshotbuttononthetoolbartotakeasnapshotofonlythe activevirtualmachine. Topreservethestateofallvirtualmachinesonateam,powerofftheteam,andtakea snapshotofeachvirtualmachinebeforeyoupowerontheteamagain.
VMware, Inc.
279
280
VMware, Inc.
14
Configuring a Virtual Network
14
ThischapterpreviewsthevirtualnetworkingcomponentsthatVMwareWorkstation providesandshowshowtousethemwithyourvirtualmachine.Thischapterincludes thefollowingtopics:

ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 281 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 282 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfigurationonpage 287 ChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 290 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingonpage 292 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetworkonpage 295 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 297
Components of the Virtual Network

Workstationprovidesthebridged,networkaddresstranslation(NAT),andhostonly networkingoptionstoconfigureavirtualmachineforvirtualnetworking.
Virtual Switch
Likeaphysicalswitch,avirtualswitchletsyouconnectothernetworkingcomponents together.VirtualswitchesarecreatedasneededbyWorkstation,uptoatotalof10 virtualswitchesonWindowsand255onLinux.Youcanconnectoneormorevirtual machinestoaswitch.Bydefault,afewofthevirtualswitchesaremappedtospecific networks.
VMware, Inc.
281
Table 14-1. Virtual Network Switches

Network Type Bridged NAT Hostonly Switch Name VMnet0 VMnet8 VMnet1 Reference BridgedNetworkingonpage 283 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)onpage 285 HostOnlyNetworkingonpage 286
TheotheravailablenetworksarenamedVMnet2,VMnet3,VMnet4,andsoon.
DHCP Server
Thedynamichostconfigurationprotocol(DHCP)serverprovidesIPnetwork addressestovirtualmachinesinconfigurationsthatarenotbridgedtoanexternal network.Forexample,hostonlyandNATconfigurationsusetheDHCPserver.
Network Adapter
Avirtualnetworkadapterissetupforyourvirtualmachinewhenyouuseanytypeof networkingtocreateitwiththeNewVirtualMachinewizard.Itappearsintheguest operatingsystemasanAMDPCNETPCIadapterorasanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter.OnWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,itisanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortocreateandconfigureupto10virtualnetwork adaptersineachWorkstation6.0andhighervirtualmachine.Thelimitisthreeadapters forWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachines.Formoreinformation,seeChanginga NetworkingConfigurationonpage 290.
Common Networking Configurations

WhenyouchoosethestandardnetworkingoptionsintheNewVirtualMachinewizard orthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,thenetworkingconfigurationsaresetupforyou automatically. IfyouselecttheTypicalsetuppathintheNewVirtualMachinewizard,thewizardsets upnetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)forthevirtualmachine.SelecttheCustomsetup pathtochooseanyofthecommonconfigurations:bridgednetworking,NAT,or hostonlynetworking.Thewizardconnectsthevirtualmachinetotheappropriate virtualnetwork.
282
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 14 Configuring a Virtual Network
Youcansetupmorespecializedconfigurationsbychoosingtheappropriatesettingsin thevirtualmachinesettingseditor,inthevirtualnetworkeditor(onWindowsand Linuxhosts),andonyourhostcomputer.Onallhosts,thesoftwareneededforall networkingconfigurationsisinstalledwhenyouinstallWorkstation. YoucanconnectmultiplevirtualmachinestothesamevirtualEthernetswitch.Ona Windowshost,youcanconnectanunlimitednumberofvirtualnetworkdevicestoa virtualswitch.OnaLinuxhost,youcanconnectupto32devices. IfyouhavesetyourvirtualnetworksettingsonapreviousversionofWorkstationand upgradetoanewversion,yourpreviousnetworksettingsmightbefullyorpartially preserved.
Bridged Networking
Bridgednetworkingconnectsavirtualmachinetoanetworkbyusingthehost computersnetworkadapter.Ifyourhostcomputerisonanetwork,thisisoftenthe easiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork.Thevirtualnetwork adapterinthevirtualmachineconnectstothephysicalnetworkadapterinyourhost computer,allowingittoconnecttotheLANthehostcomputeruses. Bridgednetworkingconfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityonthe network,separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Itmakesthevirtualmachinevisible toothercomputersonthenetwork,andtheycancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtual machine.Bridgednetworkingworkswithbothwiredandwirelessphysicalhost networkcards. Figure 14-1. Bridged Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet0) virtual bridge host network adapter
Set Up Bridged Networking

WindowsandLinuxhostscanusebridgednetworkingtoconnecttowiredandwireless networks.
VMware, Inc.
283
To set up bridged networking Dooneofthefollowing:
Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsebridgednetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b c OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionselectBridged:Connecteddirectlytothe physicalnetwork. (Optional)SelectReplicatephysicalnetworkconnectionstateifyouusethe virtualmachineonalaptoporothermobiledevice. Asyoumovefromonewiredorwirelessnetworktoanother,theIPaddressis automaticallyrenewed.
Setup Requirements for IP Addresses

Ifyouusebridgednetworking,yourvirtualmachinemusthaveitsownidentityonthe network.Forexample,onaTCP/IPnetwork,thevirtualmachineneedsitsown IP address.YournetworkadministratorcantellyouwhetherIPaddressesareavailable foryourvirtualmachineandwhichnetworkingsettingsyoushoulduseintheguest operatingsystem.Generally,yourguestoperatingsystemcanacquireanIPaddress andothernetworkdetailsautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver,oryoumightneedtoset theIPaddressandotherdetailsmanuallyintheguestoperatingsystem. Ifyouusebridgednetworking,thevirtualmachineisafullparticipantinthenetwork. Ithasaccesstoothermachinesonthenetworkandothermachinesonthenetworkcan contactitasifitwereaphysicalcomputeronthenetwork. Userswhobootmultipleoperatingsystemsoftenassignthesameaddresstoall systems,becausetheyassumethatonlyoneoperatingsystemwillberunningatatime. NOTEIfthehostcomputerissetuptobootmultipleoperatingsystemsandyourun oneormoreoftheminvirtualmachines,configureeachoperatingsystemwitha uniquenetworkaddress.
284
VMware, Inc.
Network Address Translation (NAT)

NATconfiguresavirtualmachinetosharetheIPandMACaddressesofthehost. The virtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetworkidentitythatisnotvisible outsidethenetwork.NATcanbeusefulwhenyournetworkadministratorletsyouuse asingleIPaddressorMACaddress.IfcannotgiveyourvirtualmachineanIPaddress ontheexternalnetwork,youcanuseNATtogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothe InternetoranotherTCP/IPnetwork.NATusesthehostcomputersnetwork connection.NATworkswithEthernet,DSL,andphonemodems. Figure 14-2. NAT Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet8)
DHCP server
NAT device
network
IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers. NAT alsoletsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkbyusingaTokenRingadapteronthe hostcomputer. Inthedefaultconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiate connectionstothevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefault configurationdoesnotletyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWeb pagestocomputersontheexternalnetwork.Thisconfigurationprotectstheguest operatingsystemfrombeingcompromisedbeforeyouhaveachancetoinstallsecurity software.FormoreinformationonNAT,seeUsingNATonpage 312.
Setting Up NAT
Bydefault,NATisusedwhenyouusetheTypicalsetuptocreateavirtualmachinein theNewVirtualMachinewizard.
VMware, Inc.
285

IfyouuseNAT,yourvirtualmachinedoesnothaveitsownIPaddressontheexternal network.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkissetuponthehostcomputer.Your virtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetworkfromtheVMwarevirtualDHCP server.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetworkdatabetweenoneormorevirtual machinesandtheexternalnetwork.Itidentifiesincomingdatapacketsintendedfor eachvirtualmachineandsendsthemtothecorrectdestination.
Host-Only Networking
Hostonlynetworkingcreatesanetworkthatiscompletelycontainedwithinthehost computer.Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtual machineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothe hostoperatingsystem.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolated virtualnetwork.Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannotconnecttothe Internet.Formoreinformationonhostonlynetworking,seeSelectingIPAddresses onaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationonpage 299. Figure 14-3. Host-Only Networking Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet1) host network adapter
DHCP server
Set Up Host-Only Networking

Youcansetuphostonlynetworkingwhilecreatingavirtualmachineorafteravirtual machineiscreated. To set up host-only networking Dooneofthefollowing:
Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsehostonlynetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard.
286
VMware, Inc.
Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionclickHostonly:Aprivatenetworkshared withthehost.

Ifyouusehostonlynetworking,yourvirtualmachineandthehostvirtualadapterare connectedtoaprivateEthernetnetwork.TheVMwareDHCPserverprovides addressesonthisnetwork.
Routing and Connection Sharing

Ifyouinstalltheproperroutingorproxysoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcan establishaconnectionbetweenthehostvirtualnetworkadapterandaphysical networkadapteronthehostcomputer.Thisletsyou,forexample,toconnectthevirtual machinetoaTokenRingorothernonEthernetnetwork. OnaWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003hostcomputer,youcanusehostonly networkingincombinationwiththeInternetconnectionsharingfeatureinWindowsto allowavirtualmachinetousethehostsdialupnetworkingadapterorother connectiontotheInternet.FordetailsonhowtoconfigureInternetconnectionsharing, seeyourWindowsdocumentation.
Example of a Custom Networking Configuration

WiththeWorkstationvirtualnetworkingcomponents,youcancreatesophisticated virtualnetworks.Thevirtualnetworkscanbeconnectedtooneormoreexternal networks,ortheycanrunentirelyonthehostcomputer.OnWindowshosts,youcan usethevirtualnetworkeditortoaccessmultiplenetworkcardsinyourhostandcreate multiplevirtualnetworks. Beforeyouattempttosetupcomplexvirtualnetworks,haveagoodunderstandingof howtoconfigurenetworkdevicesinyourhostandguestoperatingsystems. Figure 144showsmostofthewaysyoucancombinedevicesonavirtualnetwork.In thisexample,aWebserverconnectsthroughafirewalltoanexternalnetwork.An administratorscomputerconnectstotheWebserverthroughasecondfirewall.
VMware, Inc.
287
Figure 14-4. Custom Configuration with Two Firewalls

host network adapter virtual bridge virtual network adapter virtual network switch virtual (VMnet0) network adapter virtual network adapter
virtual machine 2 Web server
virtual machine 1 firewall
virtual machine 3 firewall
virtual machine 4 internal PC
OthercustomconfigurationsaredescribedinAdvancedVirtualNetworkingon page 299andUsingNATonpage 312.
Set Up a Custom Networking Configuration

Tosetupthecustomnetworkingconfiguration,createfourvirtualmachinesanduse thevirtualmachinesettingseditortoadjustthesettingsfortheirvirtualnetwork adapters.Installtheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwarein eachvirtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworkingsettingsineachvirtual machine. To set up a custom networking configuration 1 SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard: a b c ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Createthefirstvirtualmachinewithbridgednetworkingsothatitcanconnect toanexternalnetworkbyusingthehostcomputersnetworkadapter. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking. Settingupvirtualnetworkadaptersandinstallationoftheoperatingsystems areperformedinStep 7.
288
VMware, Inc.
Configurenetworksettingsforthefirstvirtualmachine: a b Openthefirstvirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. SeeChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 290. c ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
Configurenetworksettingsforthesecondvirtualmachine. a b c Openavirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
Configurenetworksettingsforthethirdvirtualmachine: a b c d e Openvirtualmachine3,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2). Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
Configurenetworksettingsforthefourthvirtualmachine: a b c Openvirtualmachine4,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:
ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualadapteruses.
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualswitchuses.
VMware, Inc.
289
7 8
Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating system. OnaWindowsandLinuxhosts,toconfigurenetworkaddressesusingtheDHCP server,dothefollowing: a ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor>DHCP. OnLinux,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetworkEditor,or theequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. b AddVMnet2andVMnet3tothelistofvirtualnetworksthatthevirtualDHCP serverserves. Formoreinformationonchangingsubnets,seeChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaWindowsHostonpage 296andChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaLinuxHostonpage 296.
Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem:
Machine1Forthebridgednetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethe networkingsettingsneededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.Ifthe virtualmachinereceivesitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserverontheexternal network,thedefaultsettingsshouldwork. Forthesecondnetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignan IP addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2.
Machine2AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine3NetworkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3.Assign toeachadapteranIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwiththevirtual networktowhichitisconnected. Machine4AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3.
10
Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
Changing a Networking Configuration

Youcandeterminethetypeofnetworkavirtualmachineisusing,usethevirtual machinesettingseditortoaddvirtualnetworkadapterstoyourvirtualmachine,and changetheconfigurationofexistingadapters.
290
VMware, Inc.
Find the Network Type of a Virtual Machine

Unlessyousetupacustomnetworkconnection,avirtualmachineusesabridged,NAT, orhostonlynetworkconnection.IfyouusetheTypicalsetuppathintheNewVirtual Machinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,thenewvirtualmachineusestheNAT networktype. Formoreinformation,seeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 282. To find the network type of a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware. Selectthenetworkadapter. TheNetworkConnectionsectiondisplaysthedetailsthatletsyoutochangethe settings. Tochangethenetworktype,seeModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapterson page 292.
Add Virtual Network Adapters

Youcanaddupto10virtualnetworkadapterstoavirtualmachine. To add virtual network adapters 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoaddtheadapter. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. SelectNetworkAdapterandclickNext. Selectthenetworktypetouse. (Optional)IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetnetworktousefromthe dropdownmenu. AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthislist,they areusuallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,respectively.You mustperformanotherproceduretomakethemavailableforuseincustom configurations.ChooseoneoftheotherVMnetswitches. 7 ClickFinish. Thenewadapterisadded.
VMware, Inc.
291
ClickOKtosaveyourconfiguration.
Modify Existing Virtual Network Adapters

Beforeyoubeginmodifyingthevirtualnetworkadapters,determinethenetworktype youwanttoassign.SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 282. To modify existing virtual network adapters 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selecttheadaptertomodify. Selectthenetworktypetouse. (Optional)IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetvirtualnetworktouseforthe networkfromthedropdownmenu. AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthismenu, theyareusuallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,respectively. Youmustperformanotherproceduretomakethemavailableforuseincustom configurations.ChooseoneoftheotherVMnetswitches. 6 7 ClickOK. BesuretheguestoperatingsystemisconfiguredtouseanappropriateIPaddress onthenewnetwork. IftheguestisusingDHCP,releaseandrenewthelease.IftheIPaddressisset statically,besuretheguesthasanaddressonthecorrectvirtualnetwork.
Configuring Bridged Networking

WindowsandLinuxhostsallowyoutoconfigurebridgednetworking.Youcanview andchangethesettingsforbridgednetworkingonyourhost,determinewhich networkadaptersonyourhosttouseforbridgednetworking,andmapspecific networkadapterstospecificvirtualnetworks,calledVMnets.
Configure VMnet0 Automatic Bridged Networking on a Windows Host

WhenyouconfigureVMnet0bridgednetworkingthechangeyoumakeaffectsallthe virtualmachinesthatusebridgednetworkingonthehost.
292
VMware, Inc.
To configure VMnet0 bridged networking on a Windows host 1 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. Bydefault,VMnet0issettouseautomaticbridgingmodeandbridgestoallofthe activenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. 2 ClicktheAutomaticSettings,andselectthecheckboxfortheavailablephysical networkadaptertobridgetoVMnet0. Toplacerestrictionsonanetworkadapter,seeAddorRemoveaHostNetwork AdapterfromtheListofExcludedAdapters. 3 ClickOK.
Add or Remove a Host Network Adapter from the List of Excluded Adapters
Onhostsystemswithmultiplephysicalnetworkadapters,thechoiceofwhichadapter Workstationusesisarbitrary.Therefore,youcanplaceorremoverestrictionsona networkadapterofyourchoice. To add or remove a host network adapter from the list of excluded adapters 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClickAutomaticSettings. IntheIncludeadapterssection,dooneofthefollowing:

Toremoveanadapter,unchecktheadapter. Toaddanadapter,selecttheadapter.
ClickOK.
Designate a Physical Network Adapter to Bridge to Custom Virtual Switches

Beforeyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings,checkwhichvirtualnetworkthe physicalnetworkadapterisgoingtobeassignedto.
VMware, Inc.
293
CAUTIONIfyoureassignaphysicalnetworkadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,any virtualmachinethatisusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetworkconnectivity throughthatnetwork.Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtual machinesnetworkadapterindividually. Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthasonlyonephysicalnetworkadapter andyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthanVMnet0.Inthiscase,eventhoughtheVMnet stillappearstobebridgedtoanautomaticallychosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcan usewasassignedtoanotherVMnet. To designate a physical network adapter to bridge to custom virtual switches 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ChooseanadapterfromtheBridgedtodropdownmenu. YoucancreateacustombridgednetworkonvirtualswitchesVMnet2toVMnet7. OnWindows,youcanalsouseVMnet9.OnLinux,youcanalsousevmnet10 throughvmnet255. 3 ClickOK.
Configure vmnet0 Automatic Bridged Networking on a Linux Host

Bydefault,vmnet0issettouseautomaticbridgingmodeandbridgestooneofthe activenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. To configure vmnet0 automatic bridged networking on a Linux host 1 OntheLinuxhost,dooneofthefollowing:

Fromthedesktop, Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
2 3 4 5
Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword. Ifthetableinthenetworkeditordoesnotdisplayarowforvmnet0,click Add NetworkandcompletetheAddVirtualNetworkdialogbox. Selectthevmnet0rowinthetableandselectBridged. Dooneofthefollowing:
Touseautomaticbridging,clickAutomaticSettingsandcompletethedialog box.
VMware, Inc.
294
Ifyouselectmultiplecheckboxes,thevirtualmachinebridgestothefirst availablehostnetworkadapter.Ifaniteminthelistisdisabled,theadapteris notavailablebecauseitisalreadybeingusedtobridgetoanothervmnet.
Tospecifyonehostnetworkadapter,usetheBridgetolistbox.
ClickSave.
Setting Up a Second Automatic Bridged Network Interface

Ifyouhavetwonetworkadaptersinstalledonyourhostcomputer,connectedtotwo differentnetworks,youmightwantyourvirtualmachinesonthathostcomputerto bridgetobothnetworkadapterssothatthevirtualmachinescanaccesseitherorboth physicalnetworks. WhenyouinstallWorkstationonahostcomputerwithmultiplenetworkadapters,you canconfiguremultiplebridgednetworks.OnWindowshost,tosetupmultiplebridged networksseeConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaWindows Hostonpage 292.OnLinuxhost,tosetupmultiplebridgednetworksseeConfigure vmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHostonpage 294.
Changing the Subnet or DHCP Settings for a Virtual Network

OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,youcanusethevirtualnetworkeditortomakechanges tosubnetandDHCPsettings. IPnetworksaredividedusingsubnetmasks.Whenyoumodifythesubnetmask, WorkstationautomaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuch asDHCP,NAT,andhostvirtualadapterifthedefaultsettingswereneverchanged. The specificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCPleaserange,DHCP serveraddress,NATgatewayaddress,andhostvirtualadapterIPaddress. However,ifyouchangedanyofthesesettingsfromitsdefaultvalue,Workstationdoes notupdatethatsettingautomatically.Workstationpresumesthatcustomsettingsare nottobemodified.Thisisthecaseevenifyoulaterchangedthesettingbacktothe default.
VMware, Inc.
295
Change Subnet or DHCP Settings on a Windows Host

Tochangethesubnetsettings,configurethesubnetmask.Thedefaultsubnetmaskis 255.255.255.0(aClassCaddress).Typically,thismeansyoushouldmodifyonlythe thirdnumberintheIPaddressforexample,xin192.168.x.0or198.16.x.0.Ingeneral, donotchangethesubnetmask.Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmightnotworkaswell withacustomizedsubnetmask. To change subnet or DHCP settings on a Windows host 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ChangethesubnetIPaddressintheSubnetIPfieldandmodifythesubnetmask intheSubnetmaskfield. Theaddressshouldspecifyavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforusewiththe subnetmask. 3 4 ClickOK. IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheWorkstationDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork. YoucanalsosetthedurationofDHCPleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtual network. 5 ClickOK.
Change Subnet or DHCP Settings on a Linux Host

NATandhostonlynetworktypescanhavesettingsforsubnetIP.Youcanusethe virtualnetworkeditortochangesubnetsettingsforavirtualnetworkonaLinuxhost. YoucanalsousethevirtualnetworkeditortospecifythatalocalDHCPservice distributesIPaddressestovirtualmachines.TochangeDHCPsettingsfurther,editthe dhcp.conffile.SeeConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHostonpage 302. To change subnet or DHCP settings on a Linux host 1 OntheLinuxhost,dooneofthefollowing:
Fromthedesktop,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetwork Configuration,ortheequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:

/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword.
296
VMware, Inc.
Ifthetableinthenetworkeditordoesnotdisplayarowforthenetworktypeyou want,clickAddNetworkandcompletetheAddVirtualNetworkdialogbox. Usevmnet1forahostonlynetworktype,andusevmnet8foraNATnetworktype.
4 5 6
SelecttherowinthetablethatcorrespondstothenetworktoeditandselectNAT orHostonly,asappropriate. UsetheappropriatecheckboxestospecifywhethertouseaDHCPservice,ahost virtualadapter,orboth. TospecifysubnetIP,dooneofthefollowing:
ToautomaticallyselectanunusedsubnetIP,leavetheSubnetIPtextbox empty. Thenexttimeyoustartthevirtualnetworkeditor,thesubnetIPappearsinthe textbox.
TypethesubnetIPyouwanttouseintheSubnetIPtextbox.
ClickSave.
Configuring Host Virtual Network Adapters

WhenyouinstallWorkstation,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfigurationof yourhostoperatingsystem.Oneletsthehosttoconnecttothehostonlynetwork,and theotherletsthehosttoconnecttotheNATnetwork. Thepresenceofvirtualnetworkadaptershasaslightperformancecost,because broadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.OnWindowsnetworks,browsingyour networkmightbeslowerthanusual.Insomecases,theseadaptersinteractwiththe hostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationinundesirableways.
Connect or Disconnect a Host Virtual Network Adapter

Beforeyoudisconnectahostvirtualnetworkadapterdeterminewhetheryouaregoing tousethevirtualnetworkadapter. To connect or disconnect a host virtual network adapter 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClicktheConnectahostvirtualadaptertothisnetworkoptiontoconnect. UnchecktheConnectahostvirtualadaptertothisnetworkoptiontodisconnect.
VMware, Inc.
297
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks

Setupmultiplehostonlynetworksonthesamehostcomputerinsituationssuchasthe following:
Tohavetwovirtualmachinesconnectedtoonehostonlynetwork,andother virtualmachinesconnectedtoanotherhostonlynetworktoisolatethenetwork trafficoneachnetwork. Totestroutingbetweentwovirtualnetworks. Totestavirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkinterfacecards,withoutusingany physicalnetworkadapters.
OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallywhen youinstallWorkstation.TosetupmultiplehostonlynetworksonWindowsandLinux hostsseeConnectorDisconnectaHostVirtualNetworkAdapteronpage 297. OnaLinuxhost,afterthehostonlynetworksaresetup,atleastfournetworkinterfaces appear:eth0,lo,vmnet1,andvmnet2.Thesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferent IP addressesonseparatesubnets.
298
VMware, Inc.
15
Advanced Virtual Networking
15
Thischapterprovidesdetailedinformationaboutnetworkingcapabilitiesand specializedconfigurationsforexpertusers.Thischapterincludesthefollowing advancedvirtualnetworkingtopics:

SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 299 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetworkonpage 302 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 304 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinuxonpage 306 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinuxonpage 306 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachinesonpage 307 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworksonpage 309 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHoston page 311 UsingNATonpage 312 AdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 314 UsingSambawithWorkstationonpage 324
Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration

Thehostandallvirtualmachinesconfiguredforhostonlynetworkingareconnected tothenetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Typically,allthepartiesonthisnetworkuse theTCP/IPprotocolsuite,althoughothercommunicationprotocolscanbeused.
VMware, Inc.
299
Anetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)configurationalsosetsupaprivatenetwork, whichmustbeaTCP/IPnetwork.ThevirtualmachinesconfiguredforNATare connectedtothatnetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Ahostvirtualadapterconnectsthe hostcomputertotheprivatenetworkusedforNAT. Eachvirtualmachineandthehostmustbeassignedaddressesontheprivatenetwork. ThisistypicallydonebyusingtheDHCPserverincludedwithWorkstation.Thisserver doesnotservicevirtual(orphysical)machinesresidingonbridgednetworks. AddressescanalsobeassignedstaticallyfromapoolofaddressesthattheDHCPserver doesnotassign.
How the Subnet Number Is Assigned

WhenhostonlynetworkingisenabledatthetimeWorkstationisinstalled,thesubnet IPaddressforthevirtualnetworkisautomaticallyselectedasanunusedprivatesubnet IPaddress.ANATconfigurationalsousesanunusedprivatenetworkautomatically selectedwhenyouinstallWorkstation.
Find the Network Type Used on a Virtual Machine

Beforeyouassignasubnetnumber,determinethenetworktypeusedonthevirtual machine. To find the network type used on a virtual machine ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. OnaWindowshost,theSummarytabdisplaysthesubnetnumberassociatedwiththe virtualnetwork.
Determining Whether to Use DHCP or Statically Assign Addresses

UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerandmoreautomaticthanstatically assigningthem.MostWindowsoperatingsystems,forexample,arepreconfiguredto useDHCPatboottime,soWindowsvirtualmachinescanconnecttothenetworkthe firsttimetheyarebooted,withoutadditionalconfiguration.Ifyouwantyourvirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherusingnamesinsteadofIPaddresses, however,youmustsetupanamingconvention,anameserverontheprivatenetwork, orboth.InthatcaseitmightbesimplertousestaticIPaddresses.
300
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 15 Advanced Virtual Networking
Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended periodsoftime,itisprobablymostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesor configuretheVMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachof thesevirtualmachines.
DHCP Conventions for Assigning IP Addresses

Fortemporaryvirtualmachines,useDHCPandletitallocateanIPaddress. ForeachhostonlyorNATnetwork,theavailableIPaddressesareallocatedusingthe conventionsshowninTable 151andTable 152,where<net>isthenetworknumber assignedtoyourhostonlyorNATnetwork.WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddress forhostonlyandNATnetworks. Table 15-1. IP Address Use on a Host-Only Network
Range <net>.1 <net>.2<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Table 15-2. IP Address Use on a NAT Network

Range <net>.1 <net>.2 <net>.3<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine NATdevice Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Configure the DHCP Server on a Windows Host

OnaWindowshost,usethevirtualnetworkeditortoconfiguretheDHCPserver.
VMware, Inc.
301
To configure the DHCP server on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClicktheDHCPtab. Selectthevirtualnetworkforwhichyouwanttochangesettingsandclick Properties. IntheDHCPSettingsdialogboxthatappears,makechangesandclickOK.
Configure the DHCP Server on a Linux Host

EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtained directlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation.Consultthedhcpd(8)and dhcpd.conf(8)manualpages. NOTETheeditsmadeinsidethereadonlysectionoftheDHCPconfigurationfileare lostthenexttimeyourunthenetworkeditor. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host
ToconfigurethehostonlyDHCPserver,edittheDHCPconfigurationfilefor vmnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf). ToconfiguretheDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfilefor vmnet8(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf).
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network

Bydesign,eachhostonlynetworkshouldbeconfinedtothehostmachineonwhichit issetup.Thatis,packetsthatvirtualmachinessendonthisnetworkshouldnotleak outtoaphysicalnetworkattachedtothehost.Packetleakagecanoccuronlyifa machineactivelyforwardspackets. Ifyouusedialupnetworkingsupportinavirtualmachineandpacketforwardingis enabled,hostonlynetworktrafficmightleakoutthroughthedialupconnection. To preventtheleakage,disablepacketforwardinginyourguestoperatingsystem. Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally configuredtouseIPforwarding.Ifthatisthecase,youdonotwanttodisable forwarding.Toavoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityand specifythatpacketsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehost computer.Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowto configurepacketfiltering.
302
VMware, Inc.
Disable Packet Forwarding on Windows Hosts

SystemsusingserverversionsofWindowsoperatingsystemscanforwardIPpackets thatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,thesesystemsandWindowsVistaand Windows7systemshaveIPpacketforwardingdisabled.IPforwardingisnota problemonWindows XPProfessionalorWindows XPHomeEditionhosts. IfyoufindpacketsleakingfromahostonlynetworkonaWindowshostcomputer, checkwhetherforwardingwasenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled,disableit. To disable packet forwarding on Windows hosts Dooneofthefollowing:
StoptheRoutingandRemoteAccessservice: a b ChooseStart>Runandenterservices.mscintheRundialogbox. IntheServiceswindowthatappears,disabletheRoutingandRemoteAccess service.
UseWindowsAdministrativeToolstodisableroutingandremoteaccess: a OnaWindows2003Serverhost,chooseStart>Programs>Administrative Tools>RoutingandRemoteAccess. Aniconontheleftislabeledwiththehostname.Ifagreendotappearsover theicon,IPforwardingisturnedon. b ToturnoffIPforwarding,rightclicktheiconanddisableRoutingand RemoteAccess. Areddotappears,indicatingthatIPforwardingisdisabled.
Disable Packet Forwarding on Linux Hosts

IfyoufindpacketsleakingfromahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,check whetherforwardingwasmistakenlyenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled, disableit. To disable packet forwarding on Linux hosts DependingonwhichtypeofLinuxsystemyouhave,useoneofthefollowingmethods:
Disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot(su-),enterthefollowingcommand:
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
VMware, Inc.
303
UseaconfigurationoptionthatisappropriateforyourLinuxdistribution. For example,youmightuseacontrolpanel,specifyasettingatthetimeyou compileyourkernel,orenteraspecificationwhenyoubootyoursystem. Fordetailsaboutthemethodtousewithyourdistribution,consultyouroperating systemdocumentation.
Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine

Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,Workstationassignseachofitsvirtualnetwork adaptersanEthernetmediaaccesscontrol(MAC)address.AMACaddressisthe uniqueaddressassignedtoeachEthernetnetworkdevice. ThesoftwareguaranteesthatvirtualmachinesareassigneduniqueMACaddresses withinagivenhostsystem.ThevirtualmachineisassignedthesameMACaddress everytimeitispoweredonifbothofthefollowingconditionsaretrue:
Thevirtualmachineisnotmoved.Thatis,thepathnameandfilenameforthe virtualmachinesconfigurationfileremainthesame. Nochangesaremadetocertainsettingsintheconfigurationfile.
However,WorkstationcannotguaranteetoautomaticallyassignuniqueMAC addressesforvirtualmachinesthatrunonmultiplehostsystems.
Avoiding MAC Address Changes

ToavoidchangesintheMACaddressautomaticallyassignedtoavirtualmachine,do notmovethevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Movingittoadifferenthost computerorevenmovingittoadifferentlocationonthesamehostcomputerchanges theMACaddress. Alsodonotchangecertainsettingsinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. If youneveredittheconfigurationfilebyhandanddonotremovethevirtualnetwork adapter,thesesettingsremainunchanged.Ifyoudoedittheconfigurationfilebyhand, donotremoveorchangethefollowingoptions:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset uuid.location uuid.bios ethernet[n].present
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,forexample0.
304
VMware, Inc.
NOTETopreserveavirtualnetworkadaptersMACaddress,youmustbecarefulnot toremovetheadapter.Ifyouremovetheadapterbutlaterrecreateit,theadapter mightreceiveadifferentMACaddress.
Assign the Same MAC Address to Any Virtual Machine Manually

AssigntheMACaddressmanuallyinsteadofallowingWorkstationtoassignitto guaranteethefollowing:
ThesameMACaddressisassignedtoagivenvirtualmachineeverytimeyou poweriton,evenifthevirtualmachineismoved. AuniqueMACaddressisprovidedforeachvirtualmachinewithinanetworked environment.
To assign the same MAC address to any virtual machine manually 1 Useatexteditortoremovefromtheconfiguration(.vmx)filethethreelinesthat beginwiththefollowing:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,forexample,0. OnaLinuxhost,avirtualmachinecreatedwithanearlierVMwareproductmight haveaconfigurationfilewitha.cfgextension. 2 AddthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileabovetheUUIDlinesinthefile:

ethernet[n].address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
Inthisline,thefourthpairofnumbers,XX,mustbeavalidhexadecimalnumber between00hand3Fh,andYYandZZmustbevalidhexadecimalnumbersbetween 00handFFh.YoumustusetheaboveformatbecauseWorkstationvirtual machinesdonotsupportarbitraryMACaddresses. AvalueforXX:YY:ZZthatisuniqueamongyourhardcodedaddressesavoids conflictsbetweentheautomaticallyassignedMACaddressesandthemanually assignedaddresses.
VMware, Inc.
305
Controlling Routing Information for a Host-Only Network on Linux

Ahostonlynetworkisafullfledgednetwork.Ithasanetworkinterfaceassociated withit(vmnet1)thatismarkedupatthetimethehostoperatingsystemisbooted. Consequently,routingserverprocessesthatoperateonthehostoperatingsystem,such asroutedandgated,automaticallydiscoverthehostonlynetworkandpropagate informationonhowtoreachthenetworkunlessyouexplicitlyconfigurethemnotto doso. Ifeitheroftheseprocessesisbeingrunonlytoreceiveroutinginformation,theeasiest solutionistoruntheroutingconfigurationwitha-qoptionsothatthehostonly networkdoesnotsupplybutonlyreceivesroutinginformation. If,however,routingservicesarerunningbecausetheyaretosupplyrouting information,configurethemsothattheydonotadvertiseroutestothehostonly network. TheversionofroutedincludedwithmanydistributionsofLinuxhasnosupportfor specifyingthataninterfaceshouldnotbeadvertised.Consulttherouted(8)manual pageforyoursystem. Forgated,configurationisinvolved.Youmustexplicitlyexcludethevmnet1interface fromanyprotocolactivity.Ifyouneedtorunvirtualmachinesonahostonlynetwork onamultihomedsystemwheregatedisusedandhaveproblemsdoingso,contact VMwaretechnicalsupportbysubmittingasupportrequestontheVMwareWebsite.
Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on Linux

Thefollowingarecommonissuesyoumightencounterwhenyouareconfiguringa hostonlynetworkonLinux.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After Installing Workstation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverdhcpdutilityonyourmachinebeforeyou installedWorkstation,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequestsfrom clientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonlynetworking isconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,vmnet1,ismarkedupandavailablefor use,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterface.Thiscanhappenevenifdhcpdisnot supposedtorespondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface.
306
VMware, Inc.
Thebestsolutionistoaddalinetothedhcpdconfigurationfileinthefollowingformat:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
Here <net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourhostonlynetworkforexample, 192.168.0.Thislineintheconfigurationfileinformsdhcpdaboutthehostonlynetwork andtellsitexplicitlynottorespondtoanyDHCPrequestsarrivingfromit. Analternativesolutionistoexplicitlystatethesetofnetworkinterfacesfordhcpdto monitoreachtimeyoustarttheprogram.Forexample,ifyourmachinehasone Ethernetinterface,eth0,eachtimeyoustartdhcpd,listtheinterfaceonthecommand line:

dhcpd eth0
Thispreventsdhcpdfromsearchingforallavailablenetworkinterfaces. IfthesesolutionsdonotworkforyourDHCPserverprogram,itmightbeanoldDHCP server.YoucantryupgradingtoamorecurrentversionofDHCPavailablefromthe InternetSystemsConsortium(ISC)Website.
DHCP and DDNS

UseDHCPtosupplyIPaddressesaswellasotherinformation,suchastheidentityof ahostrunninganameserverandthenearestrouterorgateway.TheDHCPserverin Workstationdoesnotprovideameanstodynamicallyestablisharelationshipbetween theIPaddressitassignsandaclientsname(thatis,toupdateaDNSserverusing dynamicdomainnameservice(DDNS). Tousenamestocommunicatewithothervirtualmachines,youmusteithereditthe DHCPconfigurationfileforvmnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf),or useIPaddressesthatarestaticallyboundtoahostname.EditingtheDHCPserver configurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCP serverdocumentation.Consultthedhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8)manualpages. NOTETheeditsmadeinsidethereadonlysectionoftheDHCPconfigurationfileare lostthenexttimeyourunthenetworkeditor.
Configuring Host-Only Virtual Machines

Ifyouhavealreadycreatedtwohostonlyinterfaces(VMnet1andVMnet2),youcanset upyourvirtualmachinesforoneofthefollowingconfigurations:
VMware, Inc.
307
Configuration1Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1or2on page 308. Configuration2Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1 or2onpage 308. Configuration3Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualnetwork adapters.Onevirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1)andtheothervirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration3 onpage 308.
Set Up Using Configuration 1 or 2

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoconnectthevirtualmachinetothedefault hostonlyadapteroracustomhostonlyadapter. To set up using configuration 1 or 2 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkConnectionsection,dooneofthefollowing:

Toconnecttothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1),selectHostonly. Toconnecttothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface,selectCustom,andchoose VMnet2fromthedropdownmenuontheright.
(Optional)Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,addone,as describedinAddVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 291.
Set Up Using Configuration 3

Makesurethattherearetwonetworkdevicesforthisvirtualmachine.Formore informationonaddingvirtualnetworkadapters,seeAddVirtualNetworkAdapters onpage 291.
308
VMware, Inc.
To set up using configuration 3 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthefirstNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkConnectionsection,selectHostonly. Thisadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1). 6 Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelist,andintheNetworkConnection section,selectCustomandchooseVMnet2fromthedropdownmenu.
Complete Configuring the Virtual Network Adapters

TocompletetheconfigurationyoumustassignanIPaddressontheappropriateVMnet subnettoeachvirtualnetworkadapterasyouwouldforphysicaladaptersona physicalcomputer. To complete configuring the virtual network adapters 1 Poweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperatingsystem. Inconfigurations1and2,youseeonenetworkadapter.Inconfiguration3,yousee twonetworkadapterswithintheguest. 2 3 AssignIPaddressestothevirtualnetworkadapters. (Optional)ToseetheIPaddressthatahostonlynetworkisusing:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:
ipconfig /all
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Set Up Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks

Ifyouaresettingupacomplextestnetworkthatusesvirtualmachines,youmightwant tohavetwoindependenthostonlynetworkswitharouterbetweenthem. Useoneofthefollowingmethods.Inbothcases,youneedtwohostonlyinterfaces.:
Theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer.
VMware, Inc.
309
Theroutersoftwarerunsonitsownvirtualmachine.
Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworks,asappropriate. To set up routing between two host-only networks 1 2 3 Setuptheconnectiontothefirst(default)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedinSet UpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 308. Setuptheconnectiontothesecond(VMnet2)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedin SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 308. (Optional)Toruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machinewithconnectionstothetwohostonlyinterfaces,asdescribedinSetUp UsingConfiguration3onpage 308. Toruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,skipthisstep. 4 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice:
OnaWindowshost,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor>DHCP,selectthe serviceandclickStop. OnaLinuxhost,openaterminalandusethefollowingcommandtostopthe vmnet-dhcpdservice:

killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd
5 6 7
Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines. Installtheroutersoftware,eitheronthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtual machine,dependingontheapproachyouareusing. Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe appropriatehostonlynetwork:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandruntheipconfig /all commandtodeterminewhichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandruntheifconfigcommandto determinewhichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing.
AssignIPaddressesbydoingoneofthefollowing:
Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouter addressesbasedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehost computer.
310
VMware, Inc.
Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedto VMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapter connectedtoVMnet2.
Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareinathirdvirtualmachine,setthe defaultrouteraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthe addressesthatthethirdvirtualmachineuses. Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachinesnetwork adapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworking configuration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethird virtualmachinesnetworkadapterconnectedtoVMnet2.
Youcannowpingtheroutermachinefromvirtualmachines1and2.Iftherouter softwareissetupcorrectly,youcancommunicatebetweenthefirstandsecond virtualmachines.
Using Virtual Network Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host

Workstationdoesnotallowthevirtualnetworkadaptertogointopromiscuousmode unlesstheuserrunningWorkstationhaspermissiontomakethatsetting.This restrictionfollowsthestandardLinuxpracticethatonlytherootusercanputanetwork interfaceintopromiscuousmode. WhenyouinstallandconfigureWorkstation,youmustruntheinstallationastheroot user.Workstationcreatesthevmnetdeviceswithrootownershipandrootgroup ownership,whichmeansthatonlytherootuserhasreadandwritepermissionstothe devices. Tosetthevirtualmachinesnetworkadaptertopromiscuousmode,youmustlaunch Workstationastherootuserbecauseyoumusthavereadandwriteaccesstothevmnet device.Forexample,ifyouareusingbridgednetworking,youmusthaveaccessto /dev/vmnet0. Tograntselectedotherusersreadandwriteaccesstothevmnetdevice,youcancreate anewgroup,addtheappropriateuserstothegroup,andgrantthatgroupreadand writeaccesstotheappropriatedevice.Youmustmakethesechangesonthehost operatingsystemastherootuser(su -).Forexample,youcanenterthefollowing commands:
chgrp <newgroup> /dev/vmnet0
VMware, Inc.
311
chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet0
Here<newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldbeabletosetvmnet0topromiscuousmode. Foralluserstobeabletosetthevirtualnetworkadapter(/dev/vmnet0intheexample) topromiscuousmode,runthefollowingcommandonthehostoperatingsystemasthe rootuser:

chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0
Using NAT
NATprovidesawayforvirtualmachinestousemostclientapplicationsoveralmost anytypeofnetworkconnectionavailabletothehost.Theonlyrequirementisthatthe networkconnectionmustsupportTCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktotheaddressofthehostmachine. Whenavirtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothe networkresourceasiftherequestiscomingfromthehostmachine. ThehostcomputerhasahostvirtualadapterontheNATnetwork(identicaltothehost virtualadapteronthehostonlynetwork).Thisadapterallowsthehostandthevirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherforsuchpurposesasfilesharing.TheNAT deviceneverforwardstrafficfromthehostvirtualadapter.
How the NAT Device Uses the VMnet8 Virtual Switch

TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch. TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual machinetotheaddressofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternal network.Whendataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineonthe privatenetwork,theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswith theaddressofthevirtualmachineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthe virtualnetwork.Thistranslationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimal configurationontheguestandthehost.
312
VMware, Inc.
DHCP on the NAT Network

Tomakenetworkingconfigurationeasy,aDHCPserverisinstalledwhenyouinstall Workstation.VirtualmachinesrunningonthenetworkwiththeNATdevicecansend outDHCPrequeststodynamicallyobtaintheirIPaddresses. TheDHCPserverontheNATnetwork,whichisalsousedinhostonlynetworking configurations,dynamicallyallocatesIPaddressesintherangeof<net>.128through <net>.254,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourNATnetwork. WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddressforNATnetworks.IPaddresses<net>.3 through<net>.127canbeusedforstaticIPaddresses.IPaddress<net>.1isreserved forthehostadapterand<net>.2isreservedfortheNATdevice.Formoreinformation, seeDHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddressesonpage 301. InadditiontotheIPaddress,theDHCPserverontheNATnetworksendsout configurationinformationthatenablesthevirtualmachinetooperate.Thisinformation includesthedefaultgatewayandtheDNSserver.IntheDHCPresponse,theNAT deviceinstructsthevirtualmachinetousetheIPaddress<net>.2asthedefault gatewayandDNSserver.ThisroutingcausesallIPpacketsdestinedfortheexternal networkandDNSrequeststobeforwardedtotheNATdevice.
DNS on the NAT Network

TheNATdeviceactsasaDNSserverforthevirtualmachinesontheNATnetwork. The NATdeviceisaDNSproxyandforwardsDNSrequestsfromthevirtualmachines toaDNSserverthatthehostknows.ResponsesreturntotheNATdevice,whichthen forwardsthemtothevirtualmachines. IftheygettheirconfigurationinformationfromDHCP,thevirtualmachinesonthe NATnetworkautomaticallyusetheNATdeviceastheDNSserver.However,the virtualmachinescanbestaticallyconfiguredtouseanotherDNSserver. ThevirtualmachinesintheprivateNATnetworkarenot,themselves,accessible throughDNS.TohavethevirtualmachinesrunningontheNATnetworkaccesseach otherbyDNSnames,youmustsetupaprivateDNSserverconnectedtotheNAT network.
VMware, Inc.
313
External Access from the NAT Network

Ingeneral,avirtualmachineontheNATnetworkcanautomaticallyuseanyprotocol usingTCP,orUDPcanbeusedautomaticallybyavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork aslongasthevirtualmachineinitiatesthenetworkconnection.Thisistrueformost clientapplicationssuchasWebbrowsing,Telnet,passivemodeFTP,anddownloading streamingvideo.AdditionalprotocolsupportisbuiltintotheNATdevicetoallowFTP andICMPecho(ping)toworktransparentlythroughtheNAT. Ontheexternalnetworktowhichthehostisconnected,anyvirtualmachineonthe NATnetworkappearstobethehostitself,becauseitsnetworktrafficusesthehosts IP address.ThevirtualmachinecansendandreceivedatausingTCP/IPtoanymachine thatisaccessiblefromthehost. Beforeanycommunicationcanoccur,theNATdevicemustsetupamapbetweenthe virtualmachinesaddressontheprivateNATnetworkandthehostsnetworkaddress ontheexternalnetwork. Whenavirtualmachineinitiatesanetworkconnectionwithanothernetworkresource, thismapiscreatedautomatically.Theoperationistransparenttotheuserofthevirtual machineontheNATnetwork.Noadditionalworkneedstobedone. NetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromoutsidetheNATnetworktoavirtual machineontheNATnetworkarenottransparent.Whenamachineontheexternal networkattemptstoinitiateaconnectionwithavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork, itcannotreachthevirtualmachinebecausetheNATdevicedoesnotforwardthe request. However,youcanconfigureportforwardingmanuallyontheNATdevicesothat networktrafficdestinedforacertainportcanstillbeforwardedautomaticallytoa virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.SeeAdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 314. FilesharingofthetypeusedbyWindowsoperatingsystemsandSambaispossible amongcomputersontheNATnetwork,includingvirtualmachinesandthehost computer.IfyouareusingWINSserversonyournetwork,avirtualmachineusing NATnetworkingcanaccesssharedfilesandfoldersonthehostthattheWINSserver knowsifthosesharedfilesandfoldersareinthesameworkgroupordomain.
Advanced NAT Configuration

YoucanconfigureNATtomakecustomconfigurationsettingsforWindowsandLinux.
314
VMware, Inc.
Configure NAT on a Windows Host

UsethevirtualnetworksettingstoconfigureNATonaWindowshost.ToedittheNAT configurationfile,seeCustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHoston page 315. To configure NAT on a Windows host 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. UsethecontrolsontheNATtabtoconfigureNAT:

TostopandstartthevirtualNATdevice,clicktheappropriatebuttons. ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,choosetheVMnetnetworkfrom thedropdownmenuandclickEdit.
3 4
ClicktheappropriatebuttontosetuporchangeportforwardingortospecifyDNS serversthatthevirtualNATdeviceshoulduse. ClickOK.
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host

IfyouareanadvanceduseronaWindowshostcomputer,youcanedittheNATand DHCPconfigurationfilestomakecustomconfigurationsettings.Ifyourhostoperating systemisinstalledontheCdrive,theconfigurationfilesforNATandDHCPareinthe followinglocations: Table 15-3. NAT and DHCP File Locations
File Type NAT Location C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf Formoreinformationaboutthisfile,seeContentsoftheNAT ConfigurationFileonpage 316. DHCP C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf
Usethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetworkEditor)tochangemanykey NATandDCHPsettings. Ifyoumakemanualchangestotheconfigurationfiles,thosechangesmightbelost whenyouusethevirtualnetworkeditor.Makebackupcopiesofthefilesbeforeyou changeanysettingsinthevirtualnetworkeditor.Youcanthencopyyourmanual changesbackintotheappropriateconfigurationfiles.
VMware, Inc.
315
Specifying Connections from Ports Below 1024

WhenaclientmachinemakesaTCPorUDPconnectiontoaserver,theconnection comesfromaparticularportontheclient(thesourceport)andconnectstoaparticular portontheserver(thedestinationport).Forsecurityreasons,someserversaccept connectionsonlyfromsourceportsbelow1024.Youmightseethisconfigurationon machinesusedasNFSfileservers,forexample. IfavirtualmachineusingNATattemptstoconnecttoaserverthatrequirestheclient touseasourceportbelow1024,theNATdevicemustforwardtherequestfromaport below1024.Youcanspecifythisbehaviorinthevmnetnat.conffile. Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and [privilegedTCP].Youmightneedtoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitheror bothofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake. Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline. Table 15-4. Parameters to Map Virtual Machine Source and Destination Ports
Parameter autodetect = <n> Description TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdevice automaticallyattemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow 1024toNATsourceportsbelow1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.A settingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,thedefaultis1(true). OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(where<n>istheporton theserverthatacceptstheconnectionfromtheclient).Whenevera virtualmachineconnectstothespecifiedportonanyserver,theNAT deviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceportbelow 1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe [privilegedUDP]or[privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections, asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneedtomake.Entereachport settingonaseparateline.
port = <n>
Configuring NAT on a Linux Host

UsethedefaultNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice. This fileislocatedin/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf. ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxnat.confFileon page 322.
Contents of the NAT Configuration File

TheNATconfigurationfileisinthefollowinglocations:
316
VMware, Inc.
OnaWindowshost:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf
Ifyoueditthisfileandthenusethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor)youreditsmightbelost.
OnaLinuxhost:
/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf
TheNATconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.Eachsectionconfiguresapartofthe NATdevice.Textsurroundedbysquarebracketssuchas[dns]marksthe beginningofasection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset. The configurationparameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.1/24.TheNAT configurationfilecontainsthefollowingsections. The [host] Section The[host]sectionincludesparameterstoconfiguretheNATconnection.
ipTheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanbefollowedbyaslash andthenumberofbitsinthesubnet. netmaskThesubnetmasktousefortheNATnetwork.DHCPaddressesare allocatedfromthisrangeofaddresses. configportAportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNAT device. deviceTheVMnetdevicetouse.Windowsdevicesareoftheformvmnet<x> where<x>isthenumberoftheVMnet.Linuxdevicesareoftheform /dev/vmnet<x>. activeFTPFlagtoindicateifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallows incomingconnectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoff meansthatonlypassivemodeFTPworks.Setthisflagto0toturnitoff.
The [udp] Section timeoutNumberofsecondstokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATnetwork. The [dns] Section The[dns]sectionisforWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection.
policyPolicytouseforDNSforwarding.Acceptedvaluesinclude:

orderSendoneDNSrequestatatimeintheorderofthenameservers. rotateSendoneDNSrequestatatimeandrotatethroughtheDNSservers.
VMware, Inc.
317
burstSendtothreeserversandwaitforthefirstonetorespond.
timeoutTimeinsecondsbeforeretryingaDNSrequest. retriesNumberofretriesbeforetheNATdevicestopstryingtorespondtoa DNSrequest. autodetectFlagtoindicatewhethertheNATdeviceshoulddetecttheDNS serversavailabletothehost. nameserver1IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. nameserver2IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. nameserver3IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. Ifautodetectisonandsomenameserversarespecified,theDNSserversspecified innameserver1,nameserver2,andnameserver3areaddedbeforethelistof detectedDNSservers.
The [netbios] Section The[netbios]sectionappliestoWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection.

nbnsTimeout = 2Timeout,inseconds,forNBNSqueries. nbnsRetries = 3NumberofretriesforeachNBNSquery. nbdsTimeout = 3Timeout,inseconds,forNBDSqueries.
The [incomingtcp] Section Usethe[incomingtcp]sectiontoconfigureTCPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection:

8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport21.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 8887,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport21(thestandardportforFTP)onthe virtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128. The [incomingudp] Section Usethe[incomingudp]sectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine.
318
VMware, Inc.
Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001:
6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport6000onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport6001.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 6000,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport6001onthevirtualmachinewith IP address192.168.27.128.
Considerations for Using NAT

ConsiderthefollowingitemswhenyouuseNAT:
NATcausessomeperformanceloss. BecauseNATrequiresthateverypacketsenttoandreceivedfromavirtual machinemustbeintheNATnetwork,anunavoidableperformancepenalty occurs.
NATisnotperfectlytransparent. NATdoesnotusuallyallowconnectionstobeinitiatedfromoutsidethenetwork, althoughyoucanmanuallyconfiguretheNATdevicetosetupserverconnections. ThepracticalresultisthatsomeTCPandUDPprotocolsthatrequireaconnection beinitiatedfromtheservermachinesomepeertopeerapplications,for exampledonotworkautomatically,andsomemightnotworkatall.
NATprovidessomefirewallprotection. AstandardNATconfigurationprovidesbasiclevelfirewallprotectionbecausethe NATdevicecaninitiateconnectionsfromtheprivateNATnetwork,butdeviceson theexternalnetworkusuallycannotinitiateconnectionstotheprivateNAT network.
Using NAT with NetLogon

WhenyouuseNATnetworkinginavirtualmachinewithaWindowsguestoperating systemrunningonaWindowshost,youcanuseNetLogontologintoaWindows domainfromthevirtualmachine.YoucanthenaccessfilesharesthattheWINSserver knows. TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN.
VMware, Inc.
319
TologintoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtualmachine needsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Youcanconnectthevirtualmachineto aWINSserverinthefollowingways:
ConnecttotheWINSserverthattheDHCPserverusedontheNATnetwork provides,iftheWINSserverisalreadysetuponthehost. ManuallyentertheIPaddressoftheWINSservertoconnectfromthevirtual machinetoaWINSservernotsetuponthehost.
Use NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Set Up on the Host

TouseNATtoconnect,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbeset uponthehost.ThisprocedureappliestotheWindows 2000,XP,2003Server,NT,Me, and9xguestversions. DifferencesforWindowsVistaandWindows7,arenotedinthespecificsteps. To use NAT to connect to an existing WINS server set up on the host 1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclicktheView Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusesthedesiredvirtualnetworkadapter. ForWindows7,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclickoneofthe LocalAreaConnectionlinkfortheconnectionthatusesthedesiredvirtual networkadapter.
IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,click PropertiesandclickContinuewhenpromptedforpermission. ForWindows7,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,clickProperties.
3 4 5 6
InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IPv4)andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. OntheWINStab,underNetBIOSsetting,selectDefault:UseNetBIOSsetting fromDHCPServer. ClickOKtwiceandclickClose.
320
VMware, Inc.
Enter the IP Address of a WINS Server Manually

UsetheIPaddresstoconnecttoaWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainthat isnotalreadysetuponthehost. To enter the IP address of a WINS server manually 1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclicktheView Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusesthedesiredvirtualnetworkadapter. ForWindows7,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclickoneofthe LocalAreaConnectionlinkfortheconnectionthatusesthedesiredvirtual networkadapter.
IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,click PropertiesandclickContinuewhenpromptedforpermission. ForWindows7,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,clickProperties.
3 4 5 6
InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IPv4)andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. OntheWINStab,clickAdd. IntheTCP/IPWINSServerdialogbox,entertheIPaddressfortheWINSserverin theWINSserverfieldandclickAdd. TheIPaddressoftheWINSserverappearsintheWINSaddresseslistontheWINS tab.
7 8
RepeatStep 5andStep 6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfrom thisvirtualmachine. ClickOKtwiceandclickClose. NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youcanuse NetLogoninthevirtualmachinetologintoadomainandaccesssharesinthat domain.However,youraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareon thesameNATnetworkorarebridgedonthesamedomain.
VMware, Inc.
321
Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,youcan accessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtual machinetothedomain.YouneedtoknowtheAdministratoruserIDand passwordforthedomaincontroller.
Sample Linux nat.conf File

# Linux NAT configuration file [host] # NAT gateway address ip = 192.168.237.2/24 hostMAC = 00:50:56:C0:00:08 # enable configuration; disabled by default for security reasons #configport = 33445 # vmnet device if not specified on command line device = vmnet8 # Allow PORT/EPRT FTP commands (they need incoming TCP stream...) activeFTP = 1 # Allows the source to have any OUI. Turn this one if you change the OUI # in the MAC address of your virtual machines. #allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [dns] # This section applies only to Windows. # # Policy to use for DNS forwarding. Accepted values include order, # rotate, burst. # # order: send one DNS request at a time in order of the name servers # rotate: send one DNS request at a time, rotate through the DNS servers # burst: send to three servers and wait for the first one to respond policy = order; # Timeout in seconds before retrying DNS request. timeout = 2 # Retries before giving up on DNS request retries = 3
322
VMware, Inc.
# Automatically detect the DNS servers (not supported in Windows NT) autodetect = 1 # List of DNS servers to use. Up to three may be specified #nameserver1 = 208.23.14.2 #nameserver2 = 63.93.12.3 #nameserver3 = 208.23.14.4 [netbios] # This section applies only to Windows. # Timeout for NBNS queries. nbnsTimeout = 2 # Number of retries for each NBNS query. nbnsRetries = 3 # Timeout for NBDS queries. nbdsTimeout = 3 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
VMware, Inc.
323
Using Samba with Workstation

IfyouhaveSambaonyourLinuxhost,youcanconfigureSambasothatitworkswith Workstation. ModifyyourSambaconfigurationsothatitincludestheIPsubnetthatthevmnet1 Workstationvirtualnetworkadapteruses.Todeterminewhichsubnetvmnet1isusing, runthefollowingcommand:
/sbin/ifconfig vmnet1
MakesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtualmachine whowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.TheusernamesandpasswordsintheSamba passwordfilemustmatchthoseusedforloggingontotheguestoperatingsystem.
Add Users to the Samba Password File

YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add users to the Samba password file 1 Logintotherootaccount:
su
RuntheSambapasswordcommand:
smbpasswd -a <username>
Here<username>istheusernametoadd. 3 4 Followtheinstructionsonthescreen. Logoutoftherootaccount:

exit
Using a Samba Server for Bridged and Host-Only Networks

TouseyourSambaserverforhostonlyandbridgednetworking,youmustmodifyone parameterinthesmb.conffile.Youcandefinetheinterfaceparametersothatyour Sambaserverservesmultipleinterfaces.Anexampleofthisisthefollowing:
interface = eth0 vmnet1
ThisexampletellstheSambaservertomonitoranduseboththeeth0andvmnet1 interfaces,whicharetheinterfacesthatbridgedandhostonlynetworkinguse, respectively.
324
VMware, Inc.
Use Samba Without Network Access

TomakeSambainaccessiblefromyourphysicalnetworkinterface,youmustconfigure theconfigurationfile. To use Samba without network access 1 Opentheconfigurationfile: /etc/samba/smb.conf 2 Addthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileandsavethechanges.
interfaces = vmnet*
RestartSamba.
VMware, Inc.
325
326
VMware, Inc.
16w
Connecting Devices
16
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachine. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

UsingParallelPortsonpage 327 UsingSerialPortsonpage 330 ConfiguringKeyboardFeaturesonpage 335 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 346 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 353 SupportforGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 356 UseFourWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 361
Using Parallel Ports

Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles, anddiskdrives.Althoughthesedevicescanconnecttothehostwithoutproblems,only printerscanreliablyconnecttovirtualmachinesbyusingparallelports. Currently,WorkstationprovidesonlypartialemulationofPS/2hardware.Interrupts thatadeviceconnectedtothephysicalportrequestsarenotpassedtothevirtual machine.Also,theguestoperatingsystemcannotuseDMA(directmemoryaccess)to movedatatoorfromtheport.Forthisreason,notalldevicesthatattachtotheparallel portareguaranteedtoworkcorrectly.Donotuseparallelportstoragedevicesina virtualmachine.
VMware, Inc.
327
Add a Virtual Parallel Port to a Virtual Machine

Ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithaparallelport,mostguestoperatingsystems detecttheportatinstallationtimeandinstalltherequireddrivers.Someoperating systems,includingLinux,WindowsNT,andWindows2000,automaticallydetectthe portsatboottime.Others,likeWindows95andWindows98,donot. To add a virtual parallel port to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. IntheNewHardwarewizard,selectParallelPortandclickNext. Specifywhichoptiontousefortheparallelport:
IfyouselectUsephysicalparallelport,clickNextandchoosetheportfrom thedropdownmenu. IfyouselectOutputfile,clickNextandenterthepathandfilenameorbrowse tothelocationofthefile.
7 8 9
UnderDevicestatus,ifyoudonotwanttheparallelporttoconnectatpoweron, deselectthecheckbox. ClickFinish. IftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows95orWindows98,runtheguest operatingsystemsAddNewHardwarewizardtoletWindowsdetectthenew device. Todisplaythiswizard,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AddNew Hardware.
Troubleshoot ECR Errors for Parallel Ports

Whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachineafteraddingaparallelport,youmightseean errormessagestatingthattheparallelportonthehostdoesnothaveanExtended ControlRegister(ERC).Ifso,itispossiblethehardwaresupportsECRbutithasbeen disabledintheBIOS.
328
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 16 Connecting Devices
To troubleshoot ECR errors for parallel ports 1 2 3 Rebootthehost. Earlyinthebootprocess,pressandholddowntheDeletekeytoenterthehost computersBIOSconfigurationeditor. FindtheparallelportfieldandenableExtendedCapabilityPort(ECP)modeora combinationofmodesthatincludesECP. MostmoderncomputerssupportECPmode.
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host

Foraparallelporttoworkproperlyinaguest,itmustfirstbeconfiguredproperlyon thehost.Mostproblemswithparallelportsarecausedbymistakesinthehost configuration. Linuxkernelsinthe2.6.xseriesuseaspecialarbitratorforaccesstotheparallelport hardware.Ifthehostisusingtheparallelport,thevirtualmachinecannotuseit.Ifa virtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehostare deniedaccesstothedevice.YoumustusetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenuto disconnecttheparallelportfromthevirtualmachinetoaccessthedevicefromthehost.
Configure Parallel Ports for Linux 2.6.x Kernels

The2.6.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusethemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pcmodules.WorkstationrequiresthattheparallelportPCstyle hardwareoption(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule. Thatis,itmustbesettom. To configure parallel ports for Linux 2.6.x kernels 1 Todeterminewhetherthemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pc modulesareinstalledandloadedonyoursystem,runthelsmodcommandasthe rootuser. Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthelist. With2.6.x,loadingparport_pcdoesnotloadallmodules. 2 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethefollowingcommand:
modprobe parport_pc && modprobe ppdev
Thiscommandinsertsthemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifproblemspersist,thelpmodulemightbeloaded.Ifitis,thevirtualmachine cannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.

VMware, Inc. 329
Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandasroottoremoveit:
rmmod lp
Toverifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor /etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedout,insertapoundsign(#)at thebeginningoftheline. ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno longerstartsthelpmodule.
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
Configure Device Permissions for Parallel Ports

SomeLinuxdistributionsbydefaultdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelp andparportdevices.YoumustaddtheVMwareusertothegroupthathaspermission toaccessthesedevices. To configure device permissions for parallel ports 1 Runthefollowingcommandtodeterminetheownerandgroupforthedevice:
ls la /dev/parport0
Thethirdandfourthcolumnsoftheoutputshowtheownerandgroup, respectively.Inmostcases,theownerofthedeviceisrootandtheassociated groupislp. 2 3 Toaddtheusertothedevicegroup,becometherootuserandopenthe /etc/groupfilewithatexteditor. Onthelinestartingwithlp,whichdefinesthelpgroup,addtheWorkstation usersusername. Thefollowinglineprovidesanexampleforauserwhoseusernameisuserj.

lp::7:daemon,lp,userj
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
Using Serial Ports

AWorkstationvirtualmachinecanuseuptofourvirtualserialports.Thevirtualserial portscanbeconfiguredinseveralways:
330
VMware, Inc.
Connectavirtualserialporttoaphysicalserialportonthehostcomputer. Connectavirtualserialporttoafileonthehostcomputer. Makeadirectconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachinesorbetweenavirtual machineandanapplicationrunningonthehostcomputer.
Foreachofthesechoices,youcanalsoselectwhethertoconnectthevirtualserialport whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine. NOTEThevirtualprinterfeatureautomaticallyconfiguresaserialporttomakehost printersavailabletotheguestwithoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtual machine.SeeUseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachineonpage 176.
Add a Virtual Serial Port to a Virtual Machine

Usevirtualserialportstomakedevicessuchasmodemsandprintersavailableto virtualmachinesortosenddebuggingdatafromavirtualmachinetothehostorto anothervirtualmachine. Youcanusevirtualserialportstosenddatatothefollowing:
PhysicalserialportEnablesyoutouseadevicesuchasanexternalmodemor handhelddeviceinavirtualmachine.Workstationcreatesavirtualserialport automaticallywhenyouenablethevirtualprinterfeature. OutputfileonthehostCapturesthedatathataprogramrunninginthevirtual machinesendstothevirtualserialport. AnapplicationonthehostEnablesyoutouseanapplicationonthehostto capturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachinesserialport. AnothervirtualmachineEnablesyoutouseanapplicationinonevirtual machine(theclient)tocapturedebugginginformationsentfromtheother (the server)virtualmachinesserialport.
To add a virtual serial port to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. IntheAddHardwarewizard,selectSerialPortandclickNext. OntheSerialPortTypepage,dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
331
Forphysicaldevicessuchasmodems,selectUsephysicalserialportonthe host,clickNext,andchoosetheportonthehostcomputerthatyouwantto useforthisserialconnection. Tocapturedatafromanapplicationinanoutputfile,selectOutputfile,click Next,andenterthepathandfilenameorbrowsetothelocationofthefileon thehost. Toconnecttoadebuggingapplicationonthehostorinanothervirtual machine,selectOutputtoNamedPipeandclickNext.
IfyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing:
ForaWindowshost,ontheSpecifyNamedPipepage,specifythepipename. Thepipenamemustfollowtheform\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thatis,itmust beginwith\\.\pipe\.
ForaLinuxhost,inthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketname.
AlsoifyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing:
Tosenddebugginginformationtoanapplicationonthehost: i Inthefirstdropdownmenu,selectThisendistheserverorThisendis theclient. SelectThisendistheservertostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. ii Intheseconddropdownmenu,selectTheotherendisanapplication.
Tosenddebugginginformationtoanothervirtualmachine: i ii Inthefirstdropdownmenu,selectThisendistheserver. Intheseconddropdownmenu,selectTheotherendisavirtual machine.
9 10 11
MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired. ClickFinish. (Optional)OntheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,toconfigure thisserialporttousepolledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll. Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat communicateoveraserialconnection.Iftheserialportintheguestisbeingused inpolledmoderatherthaninterruptmode,youmightnoticeperformanceissues. Thisoptionforcesthevirtualmachinetoyieldprocessortimeiftheonlytaskitis tryingtodoispollthevirtualserialport.
332
VMware, Inc.
Ifyouaresettingupaconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachines,younowhavethefirst virtualmachinesetupastheserver.Repeatthisprocedureforthesecondvirtual machine,butsetitupastheclientbyselectingThisendistheclientwhenconfiguring thenamedpipe.
Change the Input Speed of the Serial Connection

Youcanincreasethespeedofaserialconnectionoverapipetoavirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,usetheguestoperatingsystemtoconfiguretheserialportforthe highestsettingsupportedbytheapplicationyouarerunninginthevirtualmachine. Inprinciple,theoutputspeed,whichisthespeedatwhichthevirtualmachinesends datathroughthevirtualserialport,isunlimited.Inpractice,theoutputspeeddepends onhowfasttheapplicationattheotherendofthepipereadsinbounddata. To change the input speed of the serial connection 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachinesconfiguration (.vmx)file:
serial<n>.pipe.charTimePercent = "<x>"
<n>isthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Thefirstserialportisserial0. The<x>valueisapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmita character,expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialportin theguest.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheporttotaketwiceaslongforeach character,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.Asettingof50forcestheportto takeonlyhalfaslongforeachcharacter,orsenddataattwicethedefaultspeed. Assumingthattheserialportspeedissetappropriatelyintheguestoperating system,experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgradually decreaseituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworks reliably.
Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port

Usingvirtualmachines,youcandebugkernelcodeononesystemwithouttheneedfor twophysicalcomputers,amodem,oraserialcable.YoucanuseDebuggingToolsfor Windows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)todebugkernelcodeinavirtualmachine overavirtualserialport. YoucanDownloadDebuggingToolsforWindowsfromtheWindowsHardware DeveloperCentral(WHDC)Website.
VMware, Inc.
333
Debug an Application in a Virtual Machine from a Windows Host

Inthisconfiguration,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthe targetvirtualmachine)andarerunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)or KernelDebugger(KD)onaWindowshost. Beforeyoubegin,onthehost,makesureyouhavearecentversionofDebuggingTools forWindows,whichsupportsdebuggingoverapipe.Youneedversion 5.0.18.0or higher. To debug an application in a virtual machine from a Windows host 1 PreparethetargetvirtualmachineasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoa VirtualMachineonpage 331. MakesureyouselectThisendistheserverwhenconfiguringthenamedpipe. 2 3 Poweronthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. IfSerial<n>isnotreportedas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,choosethevirtualserial portandclickConnect. 4 Onthehost,openacommandpromptwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
<debugger> -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe <debugger> is WinDbg or KD.
PressEntertostartdebugging.
Debug an Application in a Virtual Machine from Another Virtual Machine

ThisconfigurationisusefulifyouuseWorkstationonaLinuxhost.Inthissituation, youhavekernelcodetodebuginthetargetvirtualmachineandarerunning DebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)inthedebugger virtualmachineonthesamehost. Beforeyoubegin,downloadandinstallWinDbgorKDintheWindowsguestthatyou plantouseasthedebuggervirtualmachine. To debug an application from another virtual machine 1 2 3 PreparethevirtualmachinesasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtual Machineonpage 331. Poweronbothvirtualmachines. UsetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. Iftheserialportisnotconnected,choosethevirtualserialportandclickConnect.
334 VMware, Inc.
Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKD.
Configuring Keyboard Features

YoucanchangewhichkeycombinationsyouuseforhotkeysequencesinWorkstation andwhichlanguagetouseforthekeyboardthatvirtualnetworkcomputing(VNC) clientsuse.Inaddition,youcanconfigureplatformspecifickeyboardfeaturesfor WindowsandLinuxhosts.
Use the Enhanced Virtual Keyboard for Windows Hosts

Theenhancedvirtualkeyboardfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingofinternational keyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoofferssecurityimprovementsbecause itprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible,bypassingWindowskeystroke processingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyatalowerlayer. Ifyouusetheenhancedvirtualkeyboard,whenyoupressCtrl+Alt+Delete,theguest systemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,actsonthecommand. Beforeyoubegin,ifyoujustinstalledorupgradedtoWorkstation6.xandhavenotyet restartedyourcomputer,doso. To use the enhanced virtual keyboard for Windows hosts 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectGeneral. Toenableordisablethesetting,selectordeselecttheUseenhancedvirtual keyboardcheckboxandclickOK.
Hot Keys for Virtual Machines

Hotkeysletyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkeysequencesfor virtualmachines.Forexample,youcanrequirethatallhotkeysequencesuse Ctrl+Shift+Alt. Configuringhotkeysisusefultopreventcertainkeycombinations(suchas Ctrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttotheguest operatingsystem.Usehotkeysequencesto:
Switchbetweenvirtualmachines
VMware, Inc.
335
Enterandleavefullscreenmode Release(ungrab)input SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine) Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine)
Thedefaultsettingsforhotkeysarelistedinthepreferenceseditor(chooseEdit> Preferences>HotKeys).Usethepreferenceseditortochangethem.
Use Ctrl+Alt in a Key Combination

BecauseCtrl+AlttellsWorkstationtorelease(ungrab)mouseandkeyboardinput, combinationsthatincludeCtrl+Altarenotpassedtotheguestoperatingsystem.You mustusetheSpacekeyifthekeycombinationincludesCtrl+Alt. To use Ctrl+Alt in a key combination 1 2 3 PressCtrl+Alt+spacebar. ReleasethespacebarwithoutreleasingCtrlandAlt. Pressthethirdkeyofthekeycombinationyouwanttosendtotheguest.
Specify a Language Keyboard Map for VNC Clients

IfyousetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,youcanspecifywhichlanguageto useforthekeyboardthatVNCclientsuse.Bydefault,theUS101keyboardmap(U.S. English)isused. Beforeyoubegin,setthevirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver.SeeConfigurea VirtualMachineasaVNCServeronpage 223. Also,determinethelocationofthekeymapfiletouse.Defaultkeymapfilesare includedintheWorkstationinstallationdirectory:
OnWindowshosts,thisdirectoryisinC:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vnckeymap. OnLinuxhosts,thisdirectoryisin/usr/lib/vmware/vnckeymap.
Ifthekeymapfileyouwanttouseisinanotherlocation,determinethepathtothefile. Alsodeterminethelanguagecode.Usethefollowinglist:

de:German de-ch:German(Switzerland) es:Spanish
336
VMware, Inc.
fi:Finnish fr:French fr-be:French(Belgium) fr-ch:French(Switzerland) is:Icelandic it:Italian jp:Japanses nl-be:Dutch(Belgium) no:Norwegian pt:Polish uk:UKEnglish us:USEnglish
To specify a language keyboard map for VNC clients 1 Useatexteditortoopentheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtualmachine andaddthefollowinglines,where<port number>istheportnumbertouse:

RemoteDisplay.vnc.enabled = "TRUE" RemoteDisplay.vnc.port = "<port number>"
Addoneofthefollowingpropertiestotheconfigurationfile,where<xx>isthe codeforthelanguagetouse,suchasjpforJapanese:
TousethedefaultkeymapfileincludedintheWorkstationinstallation directory,setthefollowingproperty:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap = "<xx>"
Touseakeyboardmapfileinanotherlocation,setthefollowingpropertyto anabsolutefilepath:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMapFile
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandconnecttoitfromaVNCclient.SeeUsea VNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachineonpage 224.
Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host

Severalsituationsmightrequireyoutosetpropertiesinavirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile)tochangethewayakeyismapped.
VMware, Inc.
337
Configure Keyboard Mapping for a Remote X Server

SometimesthekeyboardworkscorrectlywithalocalXserverbutnotwhenyourunthe samevirtualmachinewitharemoteXserver.Youneedtosetadditionalpropertiesin theconfiguration(.vmx)file. Beforeyoubegin,verifythattheremoteXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC. IfthekeyboarddoesnotworkcorrectlyonanXFree86serverrunninglocally,reportthe problemtoVMwaretechnicalsupport. ForlocalXservers,WorkstationmapsXkeycodestoPCscancodestocorrectlyidentify akey.WorkstationusesthiskeycodemaponlyforlocalXserversbecauseitcannottell whetheraremoteXserverisrunningonaPCoronsomeotherkindofcomputer.In thiscase,youcansetapropertytotellWorkstationtousekeycodemapping.Fora descriptionofkeycodemapping,seeXKeyCodesComparedtoKeysymson page 339. To configure keyboard mapping for a remote X server 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneofthefollowinglinestothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:
IfyouuseanXFree86basedserverthatWorkstationdoesnotrecognizeasan XFree86server,usethefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtoalwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessof servertype.
IfWorkstationdoesrecognizetheremoteserverasanXFree86server,usethe followingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtousekeycodemappingifyouareusingan XFree86server,evenifitisremote. 3 Saveandclosethefile.
Change How a Specific Key Is Mapped

Ifsomekeysonthekeyboarddonotworkcorrectlyinavirtualmachine,youcanseta propertythatmakesamodificationtothemap. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
338
VMware, Inc.
VerifythattheXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC.IftheXserveris remote,configureittousekeycodemapping.SeeConfigureKeyboardMapping foraRemoteXServeronpage 338.Foradescriptionofkeycodemapping,seeX KeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 339. DeterminetheXkeycodeandthecorrespondingvscancodeforthekey.Tofind theXkeycodeforakey,runxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostvscancodesarelistedin VScanCodeTableonpage 342.
To change how a specific key is mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addthefollowinglinetothevirtual machineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:

xkeymap.keycode.<code> = "<v-scan_code>"
The<code>valuemustbeadecimalnumberand<v-scan_code>mustbea Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). Forexample,toswapleftCtrlandCapsLock,usethefollowinglines:

xkeymap.keycode.64 = "0x01d # X Caps_Lock -> VM left ctrl" xkeymap.keycode.37 = "0x03a # X Control_L -> VM caps lock"
X Key Codes Compared to Keysyms

PressingakeyonthePCkeyboardgeneratesaPCscancodebasedroughlyonthe positionofthekey.Forexample,theZkeyonaGermankeyboardgeneratesthesame codeastheYkeyonanEnglishkeyboardbecausetheyareinthesamepositiononthe keyboard.Mostkeyshaveonebytescancodes,butsomekeyshavetwobytescan codeswithprefix0xe0. Internally,WorkstationusesasimplifiedversionofthePCscancodethatisasingle ninebitnumericvalue,calledavscancode.Avscancodeiswrittenasathreedigit hexadecimalnumber.Thefirstdigitis0or1.Forexample,theCtrlkeyontheleftside ofthekeyboardhasaonebytescancode(0x1d).Itsvscancodeis0x01d.TheCtrlkey scancodeontherightsideofthekeyboardistwobytes(0xe0,0x1d).Itsvscancodeis 0x11d.
VMware, Inc.
339
AnXFree86serveronaPChasaonetoonemappingfromXkeycodestoPCscan codes,orvscancodes,whichiswhatWorkstationuses.WhenWorkstationishostedon anXFree86serverandrunsalocalvirtualmachine,itusesthebuiltinmappingfromX keycodestovscancodes.Thismappingiskeyboardindependentandshouldbe correctformostlanguages.Inothercases(notanXFree86serverornotalocalserver), Workstationmustmapkeysymstovscancodesbyusingasetofkeyboardspecific tables. AnXserverusesatwolevelencodingofkeys,whichincludestheXkeycodeandthe keysym.AnXkeycodeisaonebytevalue.Theassignmentofkeycodestokeys dependsontheXserverimplementationandthephysicalkeyboard.Asaresult,anX applicationnormallycannotusekeycodesdirectly.Instead,thekeycodesaremapped intokeysymsthathavenameslikespace,escape,xand2.YoucanuseanXapplication tocontrolthemappingbyusingthefunctionXChangeKeyboardMapping()orbythe programxmodmap.Toexplorekeyboardmappings,youcanusethexevcommand, whichshowsthekeycodesandkeysymsforkeystypedintoitswindow. Akeycodecorrespondsroughlytoaphysicalkey,whereasakeysymcorrespondsto thesymbolonthekeytop.Forexample,withanXFree86serverrunningonaPC,theZ keyontheGermankeyboardhasthesamekeycodeastheYkeyonanEnglish keyboard.TheGermanZkeysym,however,isthesameastheEnglishZkeysym,and differentfromtheEnglishYkeysym.
Configure How Keysyms Are Mapped

Whenkeycodemappingcannotbeusedorisdisabled,Workstationmapskeysymsto vscancodes.Ifalanguagespecifickeyboarddoesnotappeartobesupportedby Workstation,youmightneedtosetapropertythattellsWorkstationwhichkeysym tabletouse. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
Tochangethemappingofafewkeys,determinethekeysymnameforeachkey thatisnotmappedcorrectly. Theeasiestwaytofindthekeysymnameforakeyistorunthexevorxmodmap -pkcommands.TheXheaderfile/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.hhasa completelistofkeysyms.ThenameofakeysymisthesameasitsCconstant withouttheXK_prefix.
Touseadifferentkeysymtable,determinewhichmappingtabletouse.
340
VMware, Inc.
ThetablesarelocatedinthexkeymapdirectoryintheWorkstationinstallation directory(usually/usr/lib/vmware).Thetableyoumustusedependsonthe keyboardlayout.ThenormaldistributionincludestablesforPCkeyboardsforthe UnitedStatesandanumberofEuropeancountriesandlanguages.Formostof these,boththe101key(or102key)andthe104key(or105key)variantsare available.
Ifnoneofthemappingtablesiscompletelycorrect,findonethatworksbest,copy ittoanewlocation,andchangetheindividualkeysymmappings.
WorkstationdetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrentXkeymap. However,itsdecisionmakingprocesscansometimesfail.Inaddition,eachmappingis fixedandmightnotbecompletelycorrectforanygivenkeyboardandXkey codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping)butareunswappedwhenusingalocalserver (keycodemapping).Tocorrectthissituation,useconfigurationsettings. To configure how keysyms are mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneormoreofthefollowing linestothevirtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:
TodisableXkeycodemappingtomapkeysymsratherthankeycodesto vscancodes,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = "TRUE"
Formoreinformation,seeXKeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 339.
IfWorkstationhasatableinthexkeymapdirectoryforyourkeyboardbut cannotdetectit,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.language = "<keyboard_type>"
Thevalue<keyboard_type>mustspecifyoneofthetablesinthexkeymap directory.However,thefailuretodetectthekeyboardprobablymeansthe tableisnotcompletelycorrectforyou.Youmightneedtocreateamodified tableandusethexkeymap.fileNameproperty,describednext.
Touseadifferentkeysymmappingtablethatisnotinthexkeymapdirectory, setthefollowingproperty,where<file_path>isthepathtothetable:
xkeymap.fileName = "<file_path>"
Thetablemustlistakeysymforeachkeybyusingthefollowingform:
<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
VMware, Inc. 341
The <sym>valueisanXkeysymname,and<v-scan_code>isaCsyntax hexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).Useanewlineforeachkeysym. Compilingacompletekeysymmappingisdifficult.VMwarerecommends editinganexistingtableandmakingsmallchanges.
Tochangethekeysymmappingofafewkeys,setthefollowingpropertyfor eachkey,onseparatelines:
xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
Thevalue<sym>mustbeanXkeysymnameand<v-scan_code>isa Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). MostvscancodesarelistedinVScanCodeTableonpage 342.The xkeymaptablesthemselvesarealsohelpful. 3 Saveandclosethefile.
V-Scan Code Table

Table 161showsthevscancodesforthe104keyU.S.keyboard. Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard
Symbol Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 = Backspace Tab ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x001 0x002 0x003 0x004 0x005 0x006 0x007 0x008 0x009 0x00a 0x00b 0x00c 0x00d 0x00e 0x00f
342
VMware, Inc.
Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol Q W E R T Y U I O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; ` Shift \ Z | left left { } Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x010 0x011 0x012 0x013 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017 0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c
VMware, Inc.
343
Symbol X C V B N M , . / Shift * Alt Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad < > ? right numericpad left Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f 0x030 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038 0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049
344
VMware, Inc.
Symbol Leftarrow 5 Rightarrow + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows PrintScrn right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 6 4 Shifted Symbol Location numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad V-Scan Code 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c 0x04d 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135 0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b
VMware, Inc.
345
Symbol Windows Menu Shifted Symbol Location right V-Scan Code 0x15c 0x15d
The84keykeyboardhasaSysReqkeyonthenumericpad.Itsvscancodeis0x054. KeyboardsoutsidetheU.S.usuallyhaveanextrakey(often<>or<>|)nexttotheleft Shiftkey.Thevscancodeforthiskeyis0x056.
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine

Youcanconnectupto20USBdevicestoonevirtualmachinesimultaneously. WorkstationprovidestwoUSBcontrollerspervirtualmachine,aUHCIcontrollerfor USB1.1devicesandanEHCIcontrollerforUSB2.0devices. ForUSB2.0support,yourhostmustsupportUSB2.0,andyoumustenableUSB2.0 supportinWorkstation.USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforWorkstation6.xand highervirtualmachines.USB2.0devicesarehighspeeddeviceswhichincludethe latestmodelsofUSBflashdrives,USBharddrives,iPods,andiPhone. Onthehost,whenaUSB2.0deviceconnectstoaUSBport,thedeviceisautomatically connectedtoEHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB2.0mode.AUSB1.1deviceis connectedtoUHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB1.1mode.Avirtualmachinewith USB2.0supportenabled,simulatesthisbehavior.SeeEnabletheUSB2.0Controller foraVirtualMachineonpage 347. AlthoughyourhostoperatingsystemmustsupportUSB,youdonotneedtoinstall devicespecificdriversforUSBdevicesinthehostoperatingsystemtousethose devicesonlyinthevirtualmachine.WindowsNTandLinuxkernelsearlierthan2.2.17 donotsupportUSB. VMwarehastestedavarietyofUSBdeviceswithWorkstation7.0.Iftheguestoperating systemhasappropriatedrivers,youcanuseawidevarietyofUSBdevices.For example,PDAs,Smartphones,printers,storage(disk)devices,scanners,MP3players, digitalcameras,memorycardreaders,andisochronoustransferdevicessuchas webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
346
VMware, Inc.
USBhumaninterfacedevices,suchasthekeyboardandmouse,canbeconnectedtothe virtualmachinebyenablingtheShowallUSBinputdevicesoption.Ifyoudonotselect theoptiontoShowallUSBinputdevicesasremovabledevices,thesedevicesdonot appearasRemovableDevicesavailabletoconnecttothevirtualmachine,eventhough theyarepluggedintoUSBportsonthehost.Thisoptionisenablesuserstousespecial USBhumaninterfacedevices(HIDs)insideavirtualmachine.
Enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a Virtual Machine

ThevirtualmachinesUSBcontrollerandhighspeedUSB2.0devicesareenabledby default.Modemsandcertainstreamingdatadevices,suchasspeakersandwebcams, donotworkproperlyunlessyouenableUSB2.0support. IfyourvirtualmachinewascreatedusinganolderversionofWorkstationtheUSB2.0 devicesupportisnotenabled.YoucanenabletheUSBcontrollerinthevirtualmachine settingseditorofWorkstation7.0. Beforeyoubegin,performoneofthefollowingtasksthatapplytoyourconfiguration:

VerifythatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VerifythattheguestsupportsUSB2.0devices. OnWindowsXPguests,verifythatthelatestservicepackisinstalledtouse USB 2.0. IfyouuseWindowsXPwithnoservicepacks,thedriverfortheEHCIcontroller cannotbeloaded.
IfyoudonotplantouseUSBdevicesinavirtualmachine,youcanusethevirtual machinesettingseditortodisableUSB2.0support. To enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelecttheEnablehighspeedsupportforUSB2.0devicescheckboxandclick OK.
Add a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine

Bydefault,aUSBcontrollerisincludedwhenyoucreateavirtualmachine.Ifyou removetheUSBcontroller,youcanadditback.
VMware, Inc.
347
Thiscontrollerisrequiredtouseasmartcardinavirtualmachineregardlessof whetherthesmartcardreaderisaUSBdevice. To add a USB controller to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectUSBControllerandclickNext. OntheUSBpage,clickFinish. Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandautomaticallyormanuallyconnectUSB devicesandsmartcardreaders.
Connecting USB Devices

Whenavirtualmachineisrunning,itswindowistheactivewindow.IfyouplugaUSB deviceintothehost,bydefault,thedeviceconnectstothevirtualmachineinsteadof thehost. IfyoumanuallyconnectaUSBdevicetoavirtualmachine(chooseVM>Removable Devices),Workstationretainsthevirtualmachinesconnectiontotheaffectedporton thehost.Youcansuspendorpoweroffthevirtualmachine,orunplugthedevice.When youplugthedevicebackinorresumethevirtualmachine,Workstationreconnectsthe device.Workstationretainstheconnectionbywritinganautoconnectentrytothe virtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. IfWorkstationcannotreconnecttothedevice(forexample,becauseyoudisconnectthe device),thedeviceisremovedandamessageisdisplayed,indicatingthatWorkstation cannotconnecttothedevice.Youcanconnectmanuallytothedeviceifitisstill available.
Enable or Disable Automatic Connection of USB Devices

YoucandisabletheautoconnectfeatureifyoudonotwantUSBdevicesto automaticallyconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweriton.
348
VMware, Inc.
To enable or disable automatic connection of USB devices 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroffunlessyouplantochangethesetting forconnectingtoUSBmouseandkeyboarddevices.Inthiscase,thevirtual machinemustbepoweredoff. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelectordeselecttheAutomaticallyconnectnewUSBdevicescheckboxtoenable ordisablethesettingandclickOK.
Enable or Disable Show All USB Input Devices

TheShowallUSBinputdevicesoptionisdisabledbydefault.Thisoptionenablesusers tousespecialUSBHIDsinsideavirtualmachineexclusively. NOTEAnHIDthatisconnectedtotheguestisnotavailabletothehost. VMwarerecommendstodisableautomaticconnectionofUSBdevicewhenusinga KVMswitchforamouseorkeyboard.Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtual machineispoweredoff. To enable or disable Show all USB input devices 1 2 3 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelecttheShowallUSBinputdevicescheckboxtoenableordisablethesetting andclickOK. IftheShowallUSBinputdevicescheckboxisenabled,alltheHIDs,suchasUSB 1.1and2.0mouseandkeyboarddevices,appearasRemovableDeviceswhenthe virtualmachineispoweredon.
Connect a USB Device Manually

Ifadevicethatisconnectedtothehostdoesnotautomaticallyconnecttoavirtual machineatpoweron,youcanconnectthedevicemanually. Beforeyoubegin,forUSBmouse,keyboard,andotherinputdevices,youmustenable showingthesedevices.SeeEnableorDisableShowAllUSBInputDeviceson page 349.
VMware, Inc.
349
Also,whenyouareusingavirtualmachine,ifyouplugadeviceintothehost,the autoconnectfeatureusuallyconnectsthedevicetothevirtualmachine.Ifthisaction doesnotoccur,youcanconnectthedevicemanually. To connect a USB device manually 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><device_name>. Here<device_name>specifiestheUSBdevicethatispluggedintothehost. A checkmarkappearsnexttothedevicesname,indicatingthatitisconnected. IfthephysicalUSBdevicesareconnectedtothehostthroughahub,thevirtual machineseesonlytheUSBdevices,notthehub.
USB Driver Installation on a Windows Host

WhenaparticularUSBdeviceisconnectedtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,the hostdetectsitasanewdevicenamedVMwareUSBDeviceandinstallstheappropriate VMwaredriver. OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,theMicrosoftWindowsFoundNew Hardwarewizardpromptsyoutorunit.Selectthedefaultaction,Installthesoftware automatically.Afterthesoftwareisinstalled,theguestoperatingsystemdetectsthe USBdeviceandsearchesforasuitabledriver.
Synchronize a PDA to Install a PDA Driver

WhenyousynchronizeaPDA,suchasaPalmhandheldorHandspringVisor,toa virtualmachineforthefirsttime,thetotaltimerequiredtoloadtheVMwareUSB devicedriverinthehostandthePDAdriverintheguestmightexceedthedevices connectiontimeoutvalue.Thiscausesthedevicetodisconnectitselffromthecomputer beforetheguestcansynchronizewithit. To synchronize a PDA to install a PDA driver 1 2 3 4 5 ConnecttheUSBdevicetothecomputerthathoststhevirtualmachine. SynchronizethePDAwiththehost. LettheguestfinishinstallingthePDAdriver. Dismissanyconnectionerrorwarnings. SynchronizethePDAagain.
350
VMware, Inc.
Thissecondattemptusuallysucceeds.
Access and Use a USB Device on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,WorkstationusestheUSBdevicefilesystemtoconnecttoUSBdevices. IftheUSBdevicefilesystemisnotlocatedin/proc/bus/usb,youmustmounttheUSB filesystemtothatlocation. Beforeyoubegin,addaUSBcontrollertothevirtualmachineifthevirtualmachine doesnothaveone.SeeAddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 347. DonotattempttoaddaUSBdrivesdevicenodedirectory(forexample,/dev/sda)to thevirtualmachineasaharddisk. To access and use a USB device on a Linux host 1 Runthefollowingcommandasroot:
mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
ConnecttheUSBdevicetothehostandbeginusingit.
How Device Control Is Shared Between Host and Guest

OnlythehostortheguestcanhavecontrolofaUSBdeviceatanyonetime.Device controloperatesdifferently,dependingonwhetherthehostisaLinuxoraWindows computer.
Device Control on a Windows Host

Whenyouconnectadevicetoavirtualmachine,itisdisconnectedfromthehostor fromthevirtualmachinethatpreviouslyhadcontrolofthedevice.Whenyou disconnectadevicefromavirtualmachine,itisreturnedtothehost. Undersomecircumstances,ifaUSBstoragedeviceisinuseonthehost(forexample, oneormorefilesstoredonthedeviceareopenonthehost),anerrorappearsinthe virtualmachinewhenyoutrytoconnecttothedevice.Youmustletthehostcomplete itsoperationorcloseanyapplicationconnectedtothedeviceonthehost,andconnect tothedeviceinthevirtualmachineagain. OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,whenyouconnectaUSBnetworkor storagedevicetoavirtualmachine,amessagemightappearonthehostthatsaysthe devicecanberemovedsafely.Thisisnormalbehavior,andyoucandismissthedialog box.However,donotremovethedevicefromyourphysicalcomputer.
VMware, Inc.
351
Ifthenetworkorstoragedevicedoesnotdisconnectfromthehost,usetheappropriate systemtrayicontodisconnectit.OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003,itiscalled SafelyRemoveHardware.
Troubleshoot Device Control Issues on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby thehostthatis,devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver. IfthedeviceisinusebythehostandyoutrytochooseVM>RemovableDevicesto connectittotheguest,adialogboxappears,askingwhetheryouwanttodisconnectthe driveronthehost.Occasionally,disconnectingthedevicefails. Arelatedissuesometimesaffectsdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAs oftendo).Occasionally,evenifyousuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthe devicetothevirtualmachine,youmightexperienceproblemswiththeconnectionto thedevice. To troubleshoot device control issues on a Linux host 1 2 3 Ifyouhaveproblemswithautomaticconnections,chooseVM>Removable Devicestodisconnectthedeviceandreconnectit. Iftheproblempersists,unplugthedevicephysicallyandplugitinagain. Ifawarningappearsthatthedeviceisinuse,disablethedeviceinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory. Fordetailsoneditingtheseconfigurationfiles,seeyourLinuxdistributions documentation. 4 Ifadisconnectionfails,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifthedriverwasautomaticallyloadedbyhotplug,disableitinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory. Fordetailsoneditingtheseconfigurationfiles,seeyourLinuxdistributions documentation.
Tounloadthedevicedrivermanually,becomeroot(su -)andusethermmod command.
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine

BeforeyouunplugaUSBdeviceorchooseVM>RemovableDevicestodisconnectit fromavirtualmachine,besureitisinasafestate.
352
VMware, Inc.
Followtheproceduresthedevicemanufacturerspecifiesforunpluggingthedevice fromaphysicalcomputer.Thisistruewhetheryouarephysicallyunpluggingit, movingitfromhosttovirtualmachine,movingitbetweenvirtualmachines,ormoving itfromvirtualmachinetohost. Thisisimportantwithdatastoragedevices(aZipdrive,forexample).Ifyoumovea datastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafileandtheoperatingsystemdidnot actuallywritethedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata.
Use Smart Cards with Virtual Machines

Asmartcardisaplasticcardaboutthesizeofacreditcardbutembeddedwitha computerchip.Manygovernmentagenciesandlargeenterprisesusesmartcardsto sendsecurecommunication,digitallysigndocuments,andauthenticateuserswho accesstheircomputernetworks.Usersplugasmartcardreaderintotheircomputer andinserttheirsmartcardinthereader.TheyarethenpromptedfortheirPINtologon. ThevirtualmachineconsiderssmartcardreaderstobeatypeofUSBdevice.Youcan chooseVM>RemovableDevicestoaccessthem.Virtualmachinescanconnectto smartcardreadersthatinterfacetoserialports,parallelports,USBports,PCMCIA slots,andPCIslots. Asmartcardcanbesharedbetweenvirtualmachinesorbetweenthehostandoneor morevirtualmachines.Sharingisenabledbydefault.Todisablesharing,seeDisable SmartCardSharingonpage 355. Whenyouplugasmartcardreaderintothecomputerthereaderappearsastwo separateUSBdevicesintheWorkstationinterface.Thisisbecauseyoucanusesmart cardsinoneoftwomutuallyexclusivemodes:virtualmodeorUSBpassthroughmode. Youmustselectoneortheother.
Virtualmode(Recommended)Thesmartcardreaderdeviceisavailableas Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>underRemovableDevices.Afterthe virtualreaderisconnectedtothevirtualmachine,itisvisibleasUSBSmartCard ReaderonWindowsXPguestsandonWindowsVistaandWindows7gueststhe genericsmartcardreaderdevicenameappearsundertheWindowsDevice Managerlist.Invirtualmode,thesmartcardreadercanbesharedamong applicationsonthehostandamongapplicationswithindifferentguestsonthe host. USBpassthroughmodeThesmartcardreaderdeviceisavailableas <smart_card_reader_model> underRemovableDevices.InUSBpassthrough mode,asinglevirtualmachinedirectlycontrolsthephysicalsmartcardreader.A USBpassthroughsmartcardreadercannotbeusedbyapplicationsonthehostor
VMware, Inc.
353
byapplicationswithinothervirtualmachines.YoushoulduseUSBpassthrough modeonlyifconnectioninvirtualmodedoesnotworkwellforyourscenario.If youareusingtheUSBpassthroughmodeyoumayneedtoinstallthedriver providedbythemanufacturer. SmartcardscanbeusedwithmanyLinuxdistributions.VMwareprovidesfullsmart cardsupportforWindowsguestsrunningonLinuxhosts.However,usingsmartcards withinLinux,typicallyrequiresathirdpartysoftwaretoeffectivelyauthenticatetoa domainorenablesecurecommunications.Smartcardsshouldworkwithcommon Linuxbrowsers,emailapplications,anddirectoryserviceshowever,theseproducts havenotbeentestedorcertifiedbyVMware. Touseahostssmartcardreaderinavirtualmachine,makesurethefollowing prerequisitesaresatisfied:
OnWindowshosts,starttheservicecalledSCardSvr.exeifitisnotalready running. OnLinuxhosts,makesurethelibpcsclitelibraryisinstalled.MostrecentLinux distributionsincludethislibrary.Alsomakesurethepcscddaemonisrunning. MakesurethevirtualmachinehasaUSBcontroller. AUSBcontrollerisrequiredregardlessofwhetherthesmartcardreaderitselfisa USBdevice.Bydefault,USBcontrollersareincludedwhenyoucreateavirtual machine.IfyouremovedtheUSBcontroller,youmustadditback.SeeAddaUSB ControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 347.
To use smart cards with virtual machines 1 2 3 Connectthesmartcardreadertothehostmachine. Startthevirtualmachine. Toconnectthesmartcardreadertoavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Removable Devices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>Connect. IfthesmartcardreaderisaUSBsmartcardreader,twoitemsappearforitinthe RemovableDevicesmenu.Bothitemsusethemodelnameofthereader,butone itemnamebeginswithVirtual. OnLinuxhosts,ifyouselectthewrongitemandthenwanttoselecttheVirtual smartcarditem,seeSwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinux Hostsonpage 355. 4 Todisconnectthesmartcardreaderfromthevirtualmachine,chooseVM> RemovableDevices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>Disconnect.
354
VMware, Inc.
Toremovethesmartcardfromthevirtualmachine,chooseVM>Removable Devices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>RemoveSmartCard. Thesmartcardisremovedfromthevirtualmachinebutstaysconnectedonthe host.Ifthesmartcardisphysicallyremovedfromthesmartcardreaderthenthis optionisdisabled.
Toinsertthesmartcardtothevirtualmachine,chooseVM>RemovableDevices >Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>InsertSmartCard. Ifthesmartcardisphysicallyinsertedinthesmartcardreaderthenthesmartcard isalsoinsertedinthevirtualmachine.
Switch to Using the Virtual Smart Card Reader on Linux Hosts

BecauseofthewaysmartcardreaderfunctionalityisimplementedonLinuxhosts,you mustexitWorkstationandrestartthepcscddaemononthehostbeforeswitchingfrom thenonvirtualsmartcardreadertothevirtualsmartcardreader. To switch to using the virtual smart card reader on Linux hosts 1 2 3 4 5 6 Todisconnectfromthenonvirtualsmartcardreader,usetheRemovableDevices menuandselectDisconnect. PoweroffthevirtualmachineandexitWorkstation. Physicallydisconnectthesmartcardreaderfromthehost. Restartthepcscddaemononthehost. Physicallyconnectthesmartcardreadertothehost. StartWorkstation,poweronthevirtualmachine,andconnecttothevirtualsmart cardreader. SeeUseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 353.
Disable Smart Card Sharing

Bydefault,youcanshareasmartcardbetweenvirtualmachinesorbetweenthehost andoneormorevirtualmachines.Youmightwanttodisablesmartcardsharingifyou areusingaPCMCIAsmartcardreader,deployingvirtualmachinesforenterpriseuse anddonotwanttosupportdriversforvarioussmartcardreaders,andyourhosthas driversbutnottheguest.
VMware, Inc.
355
Thesettingthatcontrolssmartcardsharingislocatedintheglobalconfigurationfile. Theglobalconfigurationfileiscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettingsin theWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thefilelocationdependson thehostoperatingsystem:
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts:
C:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnLinuxhosts:
/etc/vmware/config
To disable smart card sharing 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowingline:

usb.ccid.useSharedMode = "FALSE"
3 4
Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit.
Support for Generic SCSI Devices

GenericSCSIgivestheguestoperatingsystemdirectaccesstoSCSIdevicesconnected tothehost,suchasscanners,tapedrives,andotherdatastoragedevices.UsingtheSCSI genericdriver,WorkstationallowsavirtualmachinetorunanySCSIdevicethatis supportedbytheguestoperatingsystem. Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered itissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSIhardware. TryanySCSIhardwareandreportproblemstoVMwaretechnicalsupport. OnWindowshosts,toaccesshostSCSIdevicesfromwithinavirtualmachine,you mustrunWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess. OnLinuxhosts,youmusthavereadandwritepermissionsonagivengenericSCSI devicetousethedevicewithinavirtualmachine,evenifthedeviceisareadonly devicesuchasaCDROMdrive.Thesedevicestypicallydefaulttorootonly permissions.Youradministratorcancreateagroupwithaccesstoreadandwriteto thesedevicesandaddtheappropriateuserstothatgroup.
356 VMware, Inc.
Installing Required Adapters or Drivers for Some Windows Guests

OnolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,youmightneedtoinstallspecialhostbus adapters.TouseaSCSIdevicewith32bitWindowsXPguests,youmustinstalla specialdriverthatVMwareprovides.
Installing a SCSI Adapter on Windows 9.x and Me Guests

IfyouusegenericSCSIdevicesinaWindows95,Windows98,orWindowsMeguest operatingsystemandareexperiencingproblemswiththedevices,downloadthelatest Mylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbusadapterfromLSIWebsite.Toinstall thedriver,followtheinstructionsontheWebsite. ThisdriveroverrideswhatWindowschoosesasthebestdriver,butitcorrectsknown problems.
Installing a SCSI Driver for 32-Bit Windows XP Guests

TouseSCSIdevicesina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSI driveravailablefromtheDownloadspageoftheVMwareWebsite.
Install the BusLogic Driver in a Windows NT 4.0 Guest

GenericSCSIdevicesusethevirtualMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbus adapterprovidedbythevirtualmachine.OnWindowsNT4.0,youmightneedto installthedrivermanuallyifitisnotalreadyinstalledforavirtualSCSIdisk.Doso beforeyouaddagenericSCSIdevice. Beforeyoubegin,haveyourWindowsNTinstallationCDavailable. To install the BusLogic driver in a Windows NT 4.0 guest 1 2 3 4 5 6 ToopentheSCSIAdapterscontrolpanel,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel >SCSIAdapters. OntheDriverstab,clickAdd. Inthelistofvendorsontheleft,selectBusLogic. Inthelistofdriversontheright,selectBusLogicMultiMasterPCISCSIHost AdaptersandclickOK. InserttheWindowsNTCDwhenyouarepromptedandclickOK. Rebootwhenyouareprompted.
VMware, Inc.
357
Avoiding Concurrent Access on Linux Hosts

TheSCSIgenericdriversetsupamappingforeachSCSIdevicein/dev.Eachentry startswithsg(fortheSCSIgenericdriver)followedbyanumber.Forexample, /dev/sg0isthefirstgenericSCSIdevice.EachentrycorrespondstoaSCSIdevicein theorderspecifiedin/proc/scsi/scsi,fromthelowestdeviceIDonthelowest adaptertothehighestdeviceIDonthelowestadapter,andsoontothehighestdevice IDonthehighestadapter. SomeLinuxdevicessuchastapedrives,diskdrives,andCDROMdrivesalreadyhave adesignated/deventry(st,sd,andsr,respectively).WhentheSCSIgenericdriveris installed,Linuxidentifiesthesedeviceswithcorrespondingsgentriesin/devin additiontotheirtraditionalentries.Workstationensuresthatmultipleprogramsare notusingthesame/dev/sgentryatthesametimebutcannotalwaysensurethat multipleprogramsarenotusingthe/dev/sgentryandthetraditional/deventryat thesametime.WhenyouspecifywhichSCSIdevicetouseinavirtualmachine,donot specify/dev/st0or/dev/sr0. CAUTIONDonotattempttousethesamegenericSCSIdeviceinbothhostandguest. Thiscancauseunexpectedbehaviorandmightcauselossorcorruptionofdata.
Add a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine

TomapvirtualSCSIdevicesonavirtualmachinetophysicalgenericSCSIdeviceson thehost,youmustaddagenericSCSIdevicetothevirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavethefollowingrequiredpermissions:
OnWindowshosts,toaccesshostSCSIdevicesasgenericSCSIdevices,youmust runWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess. OnLinuxhosts,genericSCSIrequiresversion2.1.36orhigheroftheSCSIGeneric (sg.o)driver,whichcomeswithkernel2.2.14andhigher.Also,youmustbe loggedonasauserwhohaspermissionstousethedevice(thatis,readandwrite permissions).
To add a generic SCSI device to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectGenericSCSIDeviceandclickNext.
358
VMware, Inc.
OntheChooseSCSIDevicepage,fromthedropdownmenuofSCSIdevices, selectthephysicaldevicetomap. Ifyoudonotseethedeviceyouwantinthelist,seeTroubleshootProblems DetectingGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 359. OnLinuxhosts,ifyoutypeinthepathtotheSCSIdevice,donotenter/dev/st0 or/dev/sr0.
6 7
SelecttheConnectatpoweroncheckboxtoconfigureautomaticconnection behaviorandclickFinish. OntheHardwaretab,intheVirtualdevicenodesection,selecttheSCSIdevice identifiertouseforthedriveandclickOK. Forexample,ifyouselectSCSI0:2,theguestoperatingsystemseesthedriveas ID 2oncontroller0.
Troubleshoot Problems Detecting Generic SCSI Devices

WhenyouusethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddagenericSCSIdevicetoa virtualmachine,occasionallythedevicedoesnotappearinthelistofavailableSCSI devices. Beforeyoubegintroubleshootingthisproblem,youmightneedtoknowthefollowing:
TheSCSIbusnumberthatthedeviceusesonthehostsystem.TheSCSIbusis assignedanumberbythehostoperatingsystemafterallIDEbusesareassigned numbers.Forexample,ifyouhavetwoIDEbuses,theyarenumbered0and1.The firstSCSIbusisassignedbusnumber2. IfyoucannotdeterminetheSCSIbusnumber,tryusingathirdpartytoolsuchas winobjtodeterminethisinformation.Youcandownloadwinobjforfreefromthe WindowsSysinternalsWebsite.
ThetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.ThisIDis usuallysetbysomejumpersorswitchesonthedevice.TodeterminethetargetID, seetheownersmanualforthedevice.
TherootcausesorreasonsWorkstationcannotdetectadeviceincludethefollowing:

Adriverforthatdeviceisnotinstalledonthehost. Adriveronthehostpreventsthedevicefrombeingdetected.
VMware, Inc.
359
Thevirtualmachineusesadeviceforwhichtherearenodriversavailabletothe hostoperatingsystem.Inthiscase,addthedevicemanuallytothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Addingadeviceinthismanneris recommendedforadvancedusersonly.
To troubleshoot problems detecting generic SCSI devices 1 2 Findoutwhetherthedevicedriverforthisdeviceisinstalledonthehost. Ifthedevicedriverisnotinstalledandyouwanttoinstallit,dosoandseeifthe deviceappearscorrectlyinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Youmightnotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehostifyouwanttoavoida deviceinuseconflictbetweenthehostandguest. Ifadriverisinstalledbutdoesnotappearcorrectly,ifyoucannotinstallthedriver onthehost,orifyoudonotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehost,continuewiththe restofthisprocedure. 3 IfanoriginalSCSIdevicedriverisalreadyinstalledonthehost,disableit. SomeWindowsoperatingsystemsdonotprocessthesendcommandfromthe adapterifthedevicedriverownsthedevice. 4 5 Poweroffthevirtualmachineandopenthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx) fileinatexteditor. Addorchangethefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile,whereXistheSCSIbusnumber thedeviceusesonthehostsystem,andYisthetargetIDthedeviceusesbothin thevirtualmachineandonthehost:
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>"
For"<deviceName>"use:
"scsiX:Y"
Thefollowingisanexampleofhowtosettheoption.Theproblematicdeviceisa CDROMdrive,andtheexistingentryintheconfigurationfileis:
scsi0:4.fileName = "CdRom0"
Ifthedeviceonthehostislocatedonbus2withtargetID4,changethislineto:
scsi0:4.fileName = "scsi2:4"
IfyourproblemwasthatthevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandgenericSCSI device,butWorkstationdidnotrecognizethedevicewhenthevirtualmachine waspoweredon,youcanstopatthispoint.
360
VMware, Inc.
IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIdevices,toaddagenericSCSI devicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapter,ortouseanexistingSCSIdeviceasageneric SCSIdevice,alsoaddthefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile:

scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru"
IfyouwantedtouseanexistingSCSIdeviceasagenericSCSIdevice,youcanstop atthispoint. 7 IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIdevices,ortoaddagenericSCSI devicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapter,alsoaddthefollowinglinesinthe.vmxfile, whereZistheSCSIbusnumberthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine:

scsiZ:Y.present = "true" scsiZ.present = "true"
Ifthevirtualmachinesettingseditorstilldoesnotincludethisdeviceinthelistof availableSCSIdevicesforthisvirtualmachine,contactVMwaretechnicalsupport.
Use Four-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing

WithVirtualSMP,youcanassignprocessorsandcoresperprocessortoavirtual machineonanyhostmachinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwoormorelogicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
NOTEOnhyperthreadeduniprocessorhosts,performanceofvirtualmachineswith VirtualSMPmightbebelownormal.Evenonmultiprocessorhosts,performanceis affectedifyouovercommitbyrunningmultipleworkloadsthatrequiremoretotalCPU resourcesthanarephysicallyavailable. Youcanpoweronandrunmultipledualprocessorvirtualmachinesconcurrently. Thenumberofprocessorsforagivenvirtualmachineappearsinthesummaryviewof thevirtualmachine. To use four-way virtual symmetric multiprocessing Dooneofthefollowing:
Foranewvirtualmachine,choosethecustomconfigurationintheNewVirtual Machinewizard.OntheProcessorConfigurationpage,specifythenumber.
VMware, Inc.
361
Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>SettingsandontheHardwaretab, selectProcessorsandspecifythenumber.
Use a Virtual Machine That Originally Had More Than Two Virtual Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation7.0,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,toopena virtualmachinecreatedinESXServerthathasoneormorevirtualprocessors.You cannotuseWorkstation,however,topoweronavirtualmachinethathasmorethan twovirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswereassignedwhenthe virtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethenumberofprocessorsinthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Touseavirtualmachinethathasmorethan twovirtualprocessorsassigned,youmustchangethenumberofprocessorsbefore poweringiton. To use a virtual machine that originally had more than two virtual processors 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andnotethatNumberofProcessorsisset toOther(x),wherexisthenumberofprocessorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingforthenumberof processorsisdiscardedandnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor. 5 ChangetheNumberofprocessorssettingtoOneorTwoandclickOK.
362
VMware, Inc.
17
Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
17
Youcanuseconfigurationoptionsfortaskslikerestrictingtheoperationsausercan performwithavirtualmachineorsimplifyingtheuserinterfaceforinexperienced users.Inaclassroom,forexample,youcanensurethatvirtualmachineconfigurations remainconsistentfromoneclasssessiontothenext. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

RestrictingtheUserInterfaceonpage 363 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchModeonpage 366 GuestACPIS1Sleeponpage 374
Restricting the User Interface

Toenabletherestricteduserinterface,ausermusthavesufficientprivilegestoeditthe virtualmachinesconfigurationfileandtosetfilepermissions.Therestricteduser interfaceaffectsonlythespecificvirtualmachinesforwhichthesettingiscreated. Thefollowingchangesoccurwhenyouenabletherestricteduserinterface:

Thetoolbarisalwayshidden. AllfunctionsontheVM>Powermenu,Snapshotmenu,Replaymenu,and RemovableDevicesmenuaredisabled. Noaccessisprovidedtothevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). Theusercannotchangevirtualnetworkingsettings(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor).
VMware, Inc.
363
Theuserstartsthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheconfiguration(.vmx)file oradesktopshortcut.Theusershutsdownbyclosingthevirtualmachine(File> Exit).ItisalsopossibletolaunchWorkstationandopenarestrictedinterface virtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistorFilemenu.
Enable the Restricted User Interface

Althoughtherestricteduserinterfaceprovidesnoaccesstomenuandtoolbarcontrols forasnapshot,youcangiveuserslimitedsnapshotcontrol.Ifyousetupasnapshotfor therestrictedvirtualmachineandsetthepoweroffoptiontoAskMe,thestandard dialogboxappearswhenavirtualmachineshutsdownandtheusercanchoose Just PowerOff,TakeSnapshot,orReverttoSnapshot. To enable the restricted user interface 1 2 3 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inatexteditor. Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile:
gui.restricted = "TRUE"
4 5
(Optional)Setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe systemonlyreadaccesstothefile. Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandgiveitanappropriate name.
Restrict the User Interface and Return to a Snapshot

Youcancombinearestricteduserinterfacewithasnapshottoensurethatusersvirtual machinesalwaysstartinthesamestate.Typically,usersrunningavirtualmachinewith arestricteduserinterfacecanonlypoweritonandoff,andthevirtualmachineboots whenpoweredon.Whenthevirtualmachinehasasnapshotsetandisconfiguredto returntothatsnapshotwhenpoweredoff,theusercanonlystartandpoweroffthe virtualmachine.Thevirtualmachinealwaysstartsfromthesnapshot. To restrict the user interface and return to a snapshot 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachineandbesureitisintheappropriatestate. Createasnapshot. SeeTakeaSnapshotonpage 205.
364
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Configurethevirtualmachinetoreturntothesnapshotanytimeitispoweredoff: ChooseVM>Settings>Options>Snapshot/ReplayandselectAfterPowering OffandReverttoSnapshot. Withthevirtualmachinepoweredoff,restricttheuserinterface,asfollows: a b c ClosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inatexteditor. Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile.

gui.restricted = "TRUE"
5 6 7
(Optional)Setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe systemreadonlyaccesstothefile. Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandnameit. Runthisvirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcuttotheconfigurationfile. Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,withtheuserinterfacerestricted.Users donothaveatoolbaroraccesstotheVM>Powermenuorthevirtualmachine settingseditor.
ChooseFile>Close. Thevirtualmachinepowersoff,andthenexttimeauserpowersiton,itreturnsto thesnapshot.
Disable the Restricted User Interface

DisabletherestricteduserinterfacetomakeitemsintheVMmenuavailabletousers again. To disable the restricted user interface 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Opentheconfigurationfile(.vmx)fileanddooneofthefollowing:

Setgui.restricted = "FALSE". Removeorcommentoutthegui.restricted = "TRUE"line.
3 4
Savethechangestotheconfigurationfileandcloseit. Startthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcut. Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,andtheinterfaceisnotrestricted.
VMware, Inc.
365
Making a Virtual Machine Always Use Full Screen Switch Mode

FullscreenswitchmodeisaruntimeoptionforWorkstationonWindowshosts.When Workstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,theuserhasnoaccesstothe Workstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate,reconfigure,orlaunchvirtual machines.Asystemadministratorperformsthesefunctions. WhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,oneormorevirtualmachines canberunning,andyoucanusehotkeystoswitchfromonetoanother.Youcanalso providehotkeyaccesstothehostoperatingsystem.
Create a Virtual Machine for Use in Full Screen Switch Mode

Tocreatevirtualmachines,runWorkstationinstandardmode.Theinstructionsinthis sectionassumethatyouarecreatingthevirtualmachinesonaseparateadministrative computer.Youcanalsocreatethevirtualmachinesdirectlyontheuserscomputer. To create a virtual machine for use in full screen switch mode 1 Createavirtualmachineforuseinfullscreenswitchmode: a b c d ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. OntheWelcomepage,selecttheCustomconfiguration. OntheNametheVirtualMachinepage,makeanoteofthefolderinwhichyou createthevirtualmachine. OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypage,specifythesizeforthevirtualdiskand selectAllocatealldiskspacenow. Ifyoudonotmakethisselectionandthehostcomputersharddiskrunsout ofspaceforagrowingvirtualdiskfile,theuserseesnowarningmessageand doesnotknowwhatiscausingtheprobleminthevirtualmachine. 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. Makeallneededconfigurationsettingsbeforeyouconfiguretheuserscomputer tolaunchWorkstationwhenthecomputerstarts. (Optional)Ifyouplantorunthevirtualmachineonalaptopcomputer,besureto setthevirtualmachinetoreportthebatterystatus. SeeReportBatteryInformationintheGuestonpage 176. 5 Copyallthefilesinthisfoldertotheuserscomputerafteryoufinishcreatingand configuringthevirtualmachine.
366
VMware, Inc.
Moving a Virtual Machine to a Users Computer

Theeasiestwaytomovethevirtualmachinetoauserscomputeristouseanetwork connectiontocopyallthefilesinthevirtualmachinedirectorytoadirectoryonthe userscomputer.YoucanalsomovethedirectorybyusingaDVDorotherremovable medialargeenoughtostorethefiles. Placeeachvirtualmachineinitsownseparatedirectory.
Configuring Hot Keys for Full Screen Switch Mode

WhenyourunWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode,youcanspecifyhotkey combinationsforcyclingthroughthecurrentlypoweredonvirtualmachines, switchingtoaspecificvirtualmachineorthehost,andmore.
Specify Global Configuration Settings for Full Screen Switch Mode

TorunWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode,youmust,setoneormorepropertiesin theWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile. Theglobalconfigurationfileiscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettingsin theWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thefilelocationdependson thehostoperatingsystem:
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts:
C:\Users\All Users\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
To specify global configuration settings for full screen switch mode 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddatleastoneofthefollowing lines:
fullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE" Thissettingcausesthehostoperatingsystemtobeincludedwhenyouusea hotkeyforcyclingthroughpoweredonvirtualmachines.SeeHotKeyfor CyclingThroughVirtualMachinesandtheHostComputeronpage 369.
FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "<value>"
VMware, Inc.
367
Usethissettingtodefineahotkeyforswitchingdirectlytothehostoperating system.SeeHostOperatingSystemHotKeyonpage 371. 3 (Optional)Specifyotherfullscreenswitchmodesettingsyouwanttouse. Tospecifyhotkeysforswitchingtoothervirtualmachinesorthehostcomputer, first,seethefollowingsections,intheorderlisted:

VirtualKeyCodesonpage 368 OtherEntriesintheGlobalConfigurationFileonpage 371
4 5 6
Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit. Openthepreferences.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowinglines:

pref.fullScreen.v5 = "TRUE" pref.autoFitFullScreen = "fitGuestToHost"
OnmostWindowshosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\VMware\preferences.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\VMware\preferences.ini
Tospecifyahotkeyforswitchingtoaspecificvirtualmachine,seeVirtualMachine HotKeyonpage 370.
Virtual Key Codes

ToconfigurehotkeysforusewhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode, youmustspecifythevirtualkeycodeforeachhotkey.Virtualkeycodesuse hexadecimalformat,whichisahexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,to usethevirtualkeycodeof5Aasavalue,type0x5A. Microsoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodes.Toaccessthisreferencelist, enterthekeywordvirtualkeycodesontheMSDNWebsite. Thehotkeyentriesalsoincludemodifierkeys.ThemodifierkeysareCtrl,Alt,Shift, andWindowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeys.Youcan alsouseacombinationofthosekeys.Table 171liststhekeycodesformodifierkeys. Table 17-1. Modifier Keys for Hot-Key Entries
Modifier Key Nomodifier Alt
368
Hexadecimal Value 0x0 0x1

VMware, Inc.
Table 17-1. Modifier Keys for Hot-Key Entries (Continued)

Modifier Key Ctrl Shift Win(Windows) Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift Win+Alt Win+Ctrl Win+Ctrl+Alt Win+Shift Win+Shift+Alt Win+Shift+Ctrl Win+Shift+Ctrl+Alt Hexadecimal Value 0x2 0x4 0x8 0x3 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x9 0xa 0xb 0xc 0xd 0xe 0xf
Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningcyclekeysandswitchkeys:
DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey.YoucanusethePausekeywithother modifierkeys. IfyouusetheF12key,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.Youcannotusethe F12keyalone. YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.These keyscanbeusedonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey.
Whenlistingakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedbya commaandtypethevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalueentry forCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6.
Hot Key for Cycling Through Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorhotkeycombinationforcyclingthroughtheavailable virtualmachinesonahostcomputerwhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreenswitch mode.Hotkeysbehaveinthefollowingmanner:
VMware, Inc.
369
Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thenextvirtualmachineappearsin order.Youcanalsoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle. Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,itisskipped. Ifonlyonevirtualmachineisrunningandthehostoperatingsystemisnot includedinthecycle,pressingthehotkeyhasnoeffect.
Thehotkeyforcyclingthroughvirtualmachinesisdefinedintheglobalconfiguration file(config.ini).Twooptionscontrolcycling:
FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>. Ithasnodefault.Forexample,tousethePausekeywithnomodifiertocycle throughvirtualmachines,addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodify itsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey = "0x13,0x0"
FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost SetthisoptiontoTRUEtoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle.The defaultisFALSE.Forexample,toincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle, addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis alreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE"
Hot Keys for Switching Directly to Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorcombinationofhotkeysforswitchingdirectlytoany availablevirtualmachineonahostcomputerwhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreen switchmode.Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thescreendisplayswitchesto thatofthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Youcanalsospecifyahotkeyforswitching directlytothehostoperatingsystem. Virtual Machine Hot Key Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtoavirtualmachinebyaddingalocal configurationsettinginthevirtualmachines.vmxfile. Usethefollowingformat:
<option> = "<value>"
Entriesintheconfigurationfilescanappearinanyorder.Thevalueofthisoption definesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Ithasnodefault.
370
VMware, Inc.
Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F1toswitchtoaparticularvirtualmachine,addthe followinglinetothatvirtualmachines.vmxfileormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis alreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.directKey = "0x70,0x6"
Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,pressingthehotkeyforthatvirtual machinehasnoeffect. Host Operating System Hot Key Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtothehostoperatingsystembyaddingalineto theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini).Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey. Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Ithasnodefault. Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F9toswitchtothehostoperatingsystem,addthe followinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "0x78,0x6"
Other Entries in the Global Configuration File

Theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini)entriesinTable 172areoptional.They enableyoutocontrolcertainfunctionsofthevirtualmachinethatareimportantin workenvironmentswherevirtualmachinesneedtobeisolatedfromeachotherand fromthehostcomputer. Table 17-2. Optional Global Configuration File Entries
Option Isolation.tools.copy.disable Description Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdatain onevirtualmachineorthehostoperating systemcanbecopiedtoanothervirtual machineortothehostoperatingsystem. Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdata copiedinonevirtualmachineorthehost operatingsystemcanbepastedinto anothervirtualmachineorthehost operatingsystem. WhensettoTRUE,thisoptionspecifiesthat foldersharingisdisabledbydefault. Foldersharingisonemethodofsharing filesamongvirtualmachinesandwiththe hostcomputer. Default Setting TRUE
Isolation.tools.paste.disable
TRUE
Isolation.tools.HGFS.disable
TRUE
VMware, Inc.
371
Table 17-2. Optional Global Configuration File Entries (Continued)

Option mks.CtlAltDel.ignore Description SetthispropertytoTRUEsothatdialog boxesusuallygeneratedbyMicrosoft WindowsSecureAttentionSequence(SAS) arenotdisplayedbutarepassedontothe guestiftheguesthaskeyboardfocus. SetthispropertytoTRUEtoallowthehost operatingsystemtorunitsscreensaver whenitdeterminesthatthemachineis idle. SetthispropertytoTRUEtosuppressany Workstationdialogboxesthatotherwise appear.Thedefaultanswerisselectedin thesedialogboxes. Default Setting
mks.fullscreen.allScreenSaver
msg.autoAnswer
Using vmware-fullscreen to Run a Virtual Machine

Usethevmware-fullscreencommandtorunWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode andtostartandstopvirtualmachinesonauserscomputer.Thecommandcanpass certaininformationtothevirtualmachinewhenitstarts. Asadministrator,youmustdecidehowtoissuethecommand.Forexample,youcan useacustomapplicationorscriptrunningonthehostoperatingsystemtoissueoneor morevmware-fullscreencommands.Oryoucanincludethecommandtostarta virtualmachineinashortcutinthehostoperatingsystemsstartupgroup,sothevirtual machinestartswhentheuserlogsintothehostcomputer. Issuethevmware-fullscreencommandonceforeachvirtualmachineyouwantto startorstop.Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware-fullscreen.exe [-poweron <parameters> | -poweroff <parameters> | -exit | -switchto <paramters> | -query | -listvms]
YoucantypethesecommandsattheWindowscommandpromptorcreatescriptsto runmultiplecommands. Table 173describestheavailableoptionsandparameters.
372
VMware, Inc.
Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program

Option -poweron or -fullscreen Parameters "<config-file>" Description Powersonthevirtualmachine,where"<config-file>" isrequiredandspecifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. With-poweron,theuserseesnoimmediateindication whenthevirtualmachinestarts,buttheusercanswitchto thevirtualmachinewithitsdirectswitchkeyorwiththe cyclekey. With-fullscreen,thevirtualmachinegoestofullscreen modeimmediatelyinsteadofrunninginvisiblyuntilthe userswitchestoitlater. -s <variable>=<value> (Optional)Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecified value.Anyvariablenamesandvaluesthatarevalidinthe configurationfilecanbespecifiedonthecommandline withthe-sswitch. (Optional)Givesanaliastothevirtualmachine.Youcan theusethataliasin-switchtoand-poweroff commands. (Optional)Specifiesthevirtualmachinesdirectswitch key.Ifadirectswitchkeyisspecifiedinthevirtual machinesconfigurationfile,thecommandlineoverrides theconfigurationfile.Thefollowingisanexampleofthis switch: directkey=0x70,0x6 -poweroff "<config-file>" or <alias> -exit -switchto Powersoffthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Tospecifythe virtualmachine,useeitherthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileorthealiasifyou definedonebyusingthe-nameswitch. PowersoffallvirtualmachinesandexitsWorkstation. Dependingontheparameteryouuse,switchestothe specifiedvirtualmachine,hostoperatingsystem,ornext machine(virtualmachineorhost)inthecyclingorder.A virtualmachinemustbepoweredonbeforeyoucan switchtoit. "<config-file>" Switchestothevirtualmachine,where "<config-file>"specifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. Switchestothevirtualmachine,where<alias>specifies thealiasyoudefinedbyusingthe-nameswitch. Switchestothehostoperatingsystem. Switchestothenextmachineinthecyclingorder.
-name=<alias>
-directkey=<keyspec>
<alias> host next -qu
VMware, Inc.
373
Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program (Continued)

Option -query Parameters Description DetermineswhetherWorkstationisrunninginfullscreen switchmode.Ifso,alsodisplaystheprocessIDand windowhandle. Listsallvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlypoweredon. Thelistisaddedtothevmware-fullscreenlogfile.
-listvms
vmware-fullscreen Log File

Thevmware-fullscreenprogramwritestoalogfile.Thislogfilerecordserrors reportedbyvmware-fullscreenitselfasitstarts,stops,andpassesothercommands toWorkstation.Itisseparatefromthevmware.logfile,whichstoresinformationonthe runningvirtualmachines. Thenameofthevmware-fullscreenlogfileisvmware-<username>-<pid>.log.By default,thevmware-fullscreenlogfileisinthetempdirectoryfortheuserloggedin tothehostcomputer.ThislocationmightbespecifiedintheTEMPenvironment variable.Thedefaultlocationis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp
Theadministratorcanspecifyadifferentlocationforthislogfilebyaddingthe followinglinetotheWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini):
fullScreenSwitch.log.filename="<path>"
VMwarerecommendsusingafullpath.Ifyouusearelativepath,thelocationisrelative tothedirectorythatisactivewhenthevmware-fullscreencommandisissuedforthe firsttimeafterthehostcomputerreboots.
Guest ACPI S1 Sleep

WorkstationprovidesexperimentalsupportforguestoperatingsystemACPIS1sleep. Notallguestoperatingsystemssupportthisfeature.Commonguestoperatingsystem interfacesforenteringstandbyaresupported. Bydefault,ACPIS1sleepisimplementedinWorkstationassuspend.Youcanusethe WorkstationResumebuttontowaketheguest. Withthefollowingentryintheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforavirtualmachine,ACPIS1 sleepisinsteadimplementedaspoweronsuspend:
chipset.onlineStandby = TRUE
374
VMware, Inc.
Theguestoperatingsystemisnotfullypowereddown.Youcanawakenthevirtual machineinthefollowingways:

Keyboardinput Mouseinput ProgrammingtheCMOSexternaltimer
Thisfeaturecanbeusefulfortestanddevelopmentscenarios.
VMware, Inc.
375
376
VMware, Inc.
18
Learning the Basics of VMware ACE
18
ThischapterprovidesanoverviewofhowtouseWorkstationtocreateanddeploy virtualmachinesforendusers.ACE(AssuredComputingEnvironment)featuresare availableonlyintheversionofWorkstationthatrunsonWindowshosts.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

BenefitsofUsingVMwareACEonpage 377 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstationon page 379 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackagesonpage 380 OverviewoftheACEUserInterfaceonpage 382 TroubleshootingUsersProblemsonpage 382
Benefits of Using VMware ACE

VMwareACEisasoftwaresolutionthatenablesorganizationstodeployandmanage secure,platformindependentvirtualmachinesthatenduserscanuseontheirwork PC,personalcomputer,orevenaportableUSBmediadevice.Enduserscanbeeither connectedtoordisconnectedfromtheenterprisenetwork. VMwareACEenablessafeaccesstoenterpriseresourcesfromassuredcomputing environments.TheseisolatedPCenvironmentsrunontopofexistingPCs.Theassured computingenvironment(ACE)containsanoperatingsystem,enterpriseapplications, andpreconfiguredsecuritysettings.
VMware, Inc.
377
Withvirtualrightsmanagement,builtincopyprotectioncontrols,andautomatic encryption,VMwareACEhelpspreventtheft,tampering,andunauthorizedcopyingof applications,data,systemsettings,andfiles.Administratorscanprotectdataand ensurecompliancewithITpolicies,includingsoftwarelifecyclemanagementand accesstodataandapplications.
Key Features of VMware ACE

ThekeyfeaturesofVMwareACEincludemanageability,security,andusability.
Manageability
CreatestandardizedhardwareindependentPCenvironmentsanddeploythemto anyPCthroughouttheextendedenterprise. Controlthevirtualmachineslifecycle,securitysettings,networksettings,system configuration,anduserinterfacecapabilities. Trackinstancesthroughtheuserinterface.Viewandmanagetheactivation, expiration,andotherpoliciesofinstancesmanagedwithACEManagement Server.
Security
Rulesbasednetworkaccessletsyouidentifyandquarantineunauthorizedor outofdateACEinstances.EnableaccesstothenetworkoncetheACEinstance complieswithITpolicies. TamperresistantcomputingenvironmentprotectstheentireACEinstanceand package,includingdataandsystemconfiguration,withseamlessencryption. Copyprotectedcomputingenvironmentpreventsusersfromcopyingenterprise information. RolesbasedSSLcommunicationprovidesasecureprotocolbetweentheACE ManagementServerandclient. ResourcesigningletsyouspecifythatACEResourcefilesbeprotectedfromall tampering.
Usability
Thecustomizableinterfaceletsyoucustomizethebehaviorandlookandfeelfor users.
378
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 18 Learning the Basics of VMware ACE
PocketACEletsyoustoreacomputingenvironmentonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportable harddrives.Youcanplugtheportabledeviceintoanyx86PC. Theflexiblecomputingenvironmentletsusersreverttoapreviousstatewithin secondsandcanworkwhenconnectedordisconnectedfromtheenterprise network.
VMware ACE Terminology

ThefollowingtermsareusedfrequentlyinthechaptersdescribingVMwareACE features:
ACEenabledvirtualmachineAvirtualmachinetemplatethattheACE administratorcreates.TheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwith variouspolicies,devices,anddeploymentsettingsandthenusedasthebasisfor creatinganynumberofpackagestobesenttoACEusers. ACEinstanceThevirtualmachinethatACEadministratorscreate,associatewith policies,andactivateonenduserscomputers.AnACEinstancethatismanaged byACEManagementServerisamanagedACEinstance.AnACEinstancethatis notmanagedbyACEManagementServerisastandaloneACEinstance. (Optional)ACEManagementServerTheACEManagementServerenablesyou tomanageACEinstances,topublishpolicychangestodynamicallyupdatethose instances,andtotestanddeploypackagesmoreeasily.ACEManagementServer addsnewintegrationwithActiveDirectorysetupsandprovidessecureActive DirectoryandLDAPintegration,withrolebasedsecureSSLcommunication. Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministrators Guide.
PocketACEEnablesanadministratortobundleanddeployanACEinstance ontoaUSBportablemediadevice,includingUSBflashdrives,AppleiPodmobile digitaldevices,andportableharddrives.
Network and Disk Space Requirements for the Administrative Workstation

Asanadministrator,youuseWorkstationtocreateandmanagethevirtualmachines youdistributetoendusers.Followingisalistofprerequisitesforthemachinethathosts Workstation:
Ifyourcompanyalreadyhasalibraryofstandardvirtualmachines,youneed networkaccesstothatlibraryfromyourhostcomputer.
VMware, Inc.
379
Ifyouarecreatingvirtualmachines,youneedaccesstoinstallersfortheguest operatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwarethatyouplantoinstallinthevirtual machines. YoucaninstalloperatingsystemsfromCDs,DVDs,ISOimagefilesonalocaldrive oronthenetwork,oraPXEserver.YoucaninstallapplicationsoftwarefromCDs, DVDs,orinstallersonalocaldriveoronthenetwork.
Youneedtoprovideadequatediskspaceforvirtualmachinefilesandpackage files.Thefilesforeachvirtualmachinecanbeaslargeasseveralgigabytes.The packagefilescanalsobelarge.Thedefaultlocationforthepackagefilesisthe Packages folderinsidethevirtualmachinesfolder. Workstationneedsasubstantialamountoftemporaryworkingspacewhenit createsapackage.Thetotaldiskspacerequiredisabouttwicethecombinedsizes ofallthecomponentsofthepackage.TheNewPackagewizarddisplays informationabouttheamountofspaceneededandthelocationswherethespace isneeded. WorkstationmustbeinstalledonaWindowshost.
Overview of Creating and Deploying ACE Packages

Thefollowingisanoverviewofthetasksyoumustperformtocreate,deploy,and manageACEinstances. 1 WithWorkstationonaWindowshost,createorcloneavirtualmachinethatmeets therequirementsofyourendusers. Theproceduresarethesameasforanyvirtualmachine.Forthenetworktype, VMwarerecommendsusingNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)orbridged networkingwithanIPaddressaDHCPserverprovides. 2 Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff,displaythesummaryviewforthe virtualmachine,andclickEnableACEFeaturesintheCommandslist. ACEspecificcommandsareaddedtotheCommandslistinthesummaryview, andtheVM>ACEmenuisenabled. 3 UsetheVM>Settingsmenutoconfigurethevirtualmachine. (Optional)UsetheACEOptionssettingspaneltoassociatethevirtualmachine withanACEManagementServer.Youcanthenusetheservertoactivateandtrack instancesandmakechangestopolicies,instancecustomizationdata,andother dataforeachACEinstance.
380
VMware, Inc.
BecausemanagedACEinstancescheckperiodicallyforupdates,theupdatesare dynamic.Youdonotneedtocreateanddeploynewupdatepackages.Seethe VMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. 4 Installaguestoperatingsystem,VMwareTools,andothersoftwareinthevirtual machine. Theproceduresarethesameasforanyvirtualmachine.Forguestoperating systemsupport,knownissues,andinstallationinstructions,seetheonlineVMware CompatibilityGuide.GototheVMwareWebsiteandselectResources> CompatibilityGuides,andclicktheViewtheGuest/HostOStabontheVMware CompatibilityGuideWebsitelink 5 SetpoliciesfortheACEinstance. PoliciescontrolsuchthingsaswhatnetworkaccessendusershavefromACE instancesandwhatdevicesontheirhostcomputerstheymayuseintheinstances. SeeChapter 19,SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer,on page 385. 6 SpecifydeploymentsettingsfortheACEinstance. Deploymentsettingscontrolsuchthingsasencryption,packagelifetime,and securityIDs.SeeChapter 20,DeployingACEPackages,onpage 429. 7 Createpackagestodeploytoendusers. Workstationguidesyouthroughtheprocess.SeeCreatingaPackageon page 443orChapter 21,PocketACE,onpage 451. 8 Distributepackagestoendusers. DistributethepackagesonCD,DVD,orportablemedia,ormakethemavailable onanetwork.SeeDeployPackagesonpage 449orDeployingtheACEPackage onaPortableDeviceonpage 455. 9 InstallACEinstancesonendusersmachines. SeeInstallingACEPackagesonpage 459orRunthePocketACEInstanceon page 457. YoucaninstallmultipleACEinstancesonthesamemachine.Theycanbefrom differentvendorsandbegovernedbydifferentpolicies.Youcanalsouninstall individualACEinstancesorWorkstationwhileleavingotherACEinstances installed. 10 Keepusersuptodate.
VMware, Inc.
381
Ifyouneedtoupdatetheguestoperatingsystem,updateaprogramrunning insidetheACEinstance,orchangepoliciessetfortheACEpackage,youcancreate anddistributeanewpackage. Packageupdatesdonotupgradethevirtualmachineversion.Youcanuseapackage updatetoprovideenduserswithVMwareACE2.6policies,buttheupdatepackage doesnotupdateACEPlayerorthevirtualmachinetoversion2.6.
Overview of the ACE User Interface

Useanyofthefollowingmethodstoaccessthepolicyeditor,deploymentsettings editor,andpackagingwizards:
SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseacommandfromthe VM > ACEmenu. InthesummaryviewfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine,clickanACErelated commandintheCommandslist. TheACEtabinthesummaryviewliststhecurrentsettingsforpoliciesand deployment.
ClickabuttonintheACEtoolbar. RightclicktheACEenabledvirtualmachineinthesidebarandchoosean ACErelatedcommand.
ACEManagementServerhastwointerfaces:
InWorkstation,selectanACEManagementServerinthesidebartodisplaythe instanceview. UsetheVMwareHelpDeskapplication.Becausethisinterfaceisbrowserbased, youcanuseitfrommachinesthatdonothaveWorkstationinstalled.
Bothinterfacesofferthesamebasicfunctionality.Administratorscanviewandcontrol allmanagedACEinstances.Anadvancedsearchfunctionallowsyoutolocate instancesinthedatabasequickly.Youcancustomizetheinterfacebyaddingsearchable customfields.SeetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Troubleshooting Users Problems

Endusersmightneedhelpwithlostpasswords,expiredACEinstances,or copyprotectedACEinstancesthattheyhavemovedtoadifferentlocation. Useoneofthefollowingmethodstofixthoseproblems:
382
VMware, Inc.
ManagedACEinstancesUseACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. StandaloneACEinstancesUsethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramto fixthoseproblemsdirectlyontheusersmachines.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 472. Youcanalsousethehotfixfeaturetorespondtotheseproblems.SeeSetting HotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 414andRespondtoHot FixRequestsonpage 474.
YoumightfinditusefultomodifytheconfigurationofanACEinstanceonan enduserscomputer.Administratormodeenablesyoutoaccessandusethevirtual machinesettingseditorwhenrunningtheACEinstancewithVMwarePlayeronthe userscomputer.SeeSettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 412.
VMware, Inc.
383
384
VMware, Inc.
19ZXZ
Setting and Using Policies and Customizing VMware Player
19
ThischapterdescribeshowtosetpoliciesforanACEenabledvirtualmachineand customizetheVMwarePlayerinterfaceforendusers.Thischapterincludesthe followingtopics:

BenefitsofUsingPoliciesonpage 386 SetPoliciesforACEInstancesonpage 386 SettingAccessControlPoliciesonpage 387 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPoliciesonpage 393 SettingExpirationPoliciesonpage 395 SettingCopyProtectionPoliciesonpage 396 SettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 396 SettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 397 SettingRemovableDevicesPoliciesonpage 406 SettingUSBDevicePoliciesonpage 406 SettingVirtualPrinterPoliciesonpage 408 SettingRuntimePreferencesPoliciesonpage 409 SettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 411 SettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 412 SettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 413 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 414 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstancesonpage 415 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 415 WritingPlugInPolicyScriptsonpage 417 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnlyonpage 422
VMware, Inc.
385
Benefits of Using Policies

PoliciesgiveyoucontrolovermanyaspectsoftheACEinstancesyoudistributetoend users.Forexample,youcansetpoliciesforthefollowingsecuritypurposes:
PermittheACEinstancetobeusedonlybycertainusersandgroupsdefinedinan ActiveDirectorydomain. Specifywhichnetworkresourcesendusersmayaccessfromthevirtualmachine. Permituserstoconnectanddisconnectcertainremovabledevicesconfiguredfor thevirtualmachine. SetanexpirationdateforanACEinstance.
Yousetpolicieswiththepolicyeditor.Youcanchangesomeorallofthepoliciesforan ACEinstanceatanytimebyeditingthepoliciesandcreatinganddistributinganew packagethatcontainsonlythepolicies. ForACEenabledvirtualmachinesthatACEManagementServermanages,youcan dynamicallychangesomepoliciesanddeploythosechangestotheACEinstanceson usersmachines.
Set Policies for ACE Instances

PolicysettingsofferseverallevelsofsecurityfordailyuseofACEinstances.For informationabouttheencryptionaspectofsecurity,seeEditDeploymentSettingson page 429. Beforeyoucanusethepolicyeditoronavirtualmachine,youmustenableACE featuresforthatvirtualmachine.SeeOverviewofCreatingandDeployingACE Packagesonpage 380. To set policies for ACE instances 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,selectaniteminthePolicylist. CompletethesettingspanelforthatpolicyandeitherclickOKorselectanother policytoedit. Forassistancewiththefieldsonasettingspanel,clickHelp.
386
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 19 Setting and Using Policies and Customizing VMware Player
Setting Access Control Policies

ActivationandauthenticationpoliciescontrolaccesstoinstalledACEpackagesandthe instancescreatedfromthosepackages.Theactivationpolicyspecifieswhocanaccess aninstalledACEpackageandturnitintoanACEinstance.Theauthenticationpolicy specifieswhocanrunanACEinstance. Thesettingsyouchooseforthesepoliciesdeterminethedefaultsettingsforpackage andencryptionpolicies,whichprotecttheACEpackagesandfilesintransit.See EncryptionSettingsonpage 430. Thesettingsforthesepoliciesandhowtheyareimplementedvarydependingonhow yourACEinstancesaremanagedand(optionally)tracked.Thepossiblemanagement setupsare:
Server,withActiveDirectoryACEinstancesaremanagedbyanACE ManagementServer,andtheserverisintegratedwithActiveDirectory. AnendusermustenterActiveDirectoryusercredentialseachtimetheACE instanceisrun.Onlytheuserwhoactivatestheinstancecanauthenticate(run)the instance.TheactivationstepisperformedwheneveranACEpackageisinstalled.
Server,noActiveDirectoryACEinstancesaremanagedbyanACE ManagementServer,andtheserverisnotintegratedwithActiveDirectory. Theadministratorchooseswhethertheendusermustenterapasswordtoactivate theACEinstanceandrunit.
StandaloneACEinstancesarestandalone,whichmeanstheyarenotmanaged byaserver. Theadministratorchooseswhethertheendusermustenterapasswordtoactivate theACEinstanceandrunit.
IfyouuseACEManagementServer,theserveralsoverifiesthefollowingitemsbefore theinstanceisallowedtorun:
Therevocationflagisnotsetandtheinstanceisnotblockedfromrunningbecause ofanypolicyerrors. Theexpirationdatesetfortheinstance,ifany,hasnotbeenreached.SeeSetting ExpirationPoliciesonpage 395.
Create or Edit an Access Control Policy

AfteryouenableACEfeaturesforavirtualmachine,youcancreateapolicytocontrol whichenduserscanaccessaninstalledACEpackageandturnitintoanACEinstance. ThispolicyalsocontrolswhichuserscanpoweronanACEinstance.
VMware, Inc. 387
To create or edit an access control policy 1 2 3 4 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,selectAccessControlandcompletethefieldsinthesettings panel. ClickOK. VerifythatthenewsettingsappearcorrectlyontheACEtabinthevirtual machinessummaryview. Ifyouchangeanactivationsetting,thepolicytakeseffectwhenanewinstance fromthispackageisinstalledandactivated.Youcanalsoeditanimported keywordlist. 5 (Optional)Tochangetheauthenticationsettingfromonetypetoanother,createa policyupdatepackageanddistributeittotheuser.
Activation Settings
UseactivationsettingstocontrolwhichuserscanactivateanACEinstanceafteritis installed.Theactivationdateisusedfortheexpirationpolicy. IfyouuseACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe ActivationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroupsdialog box.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainthatwhich ACEManagementServerisconfiguredfor.Userlistchangesareeffectiveatthenext startupoftheinstance. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforactivationpasswordsorkeys:

NoneNopasswordorkeyisrequired.Anyusercanactivatethisinstance. PasswordTheusermustenterthepasswordthattheadministratorusesto activatethisACEinstance.Youmustprovidetheuserwiththepasswordthrough emailorothermeans. ForstandaloneACEenabledvirtualmachines,yousetthepasswordduringthe packagingprocess.
ActivationkeyThisoptionisavailableifyouuseACEManagementServer withoutActiveDirectoryintegration.Youspecifyoneormorekeysandtheend usermustenterakeythatisinthatlist. Activationkeysareserialnumbers(freeformstrings)thatcanbetrackedasused orunusedbytheserver.Youcanenterthekeysorimportthemfromatextfile.
388
VMware, Inc.
Toimportkeys,youneedatextfilethatcontainsthelistofactivationtokens.Each tokenisonelineinthefile.Blanklinesareignored. AfteranACEinstanceisactivatedusingakey,thatkeycannotbeusedtoactivate anotherinstance.Removingakeyfromthelistdoesnotaffectaninstancethatwas activatedwiththatkey.
Authentication Settings
Theauthenticationstepisperformedwhenevertheuserrunstheinstance,unless AuthenticationissettoNone. IfyouuseACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe AuthenticationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroups dialogbox.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainthat whichACEManagementServerisconfiguredfor. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforauthenticationcontrol:
NoneNopasswordisrequired.Anyusercanrunthisinstanceafteritis activated. UserspecifiedpasswordTheinstancedoesnotrununtiltheuserentersthe correctpassword.Eachusermustsetapasswordduringactivation,thefirsttime theinstanceispoweredon. Youcancreatepasswordpoliciestocontrolsuchthingsastheminimumnumber ofcharacters,typesofcharacters,andnumberofpasswordattemptsbeforethe userislockedoutforaspecifiedamountoftime.
ScriptAcustomauthenticationscriptisruntodeterminewhocanusethe instance.SeeUsinganAuthenticationScriptonpage 389.
Using an Authentication Script

Youcancreateacustomauthenticationscriptthatrunsontheenduserscomputerto determinewhocanusetheinstance. Torequirethatthescriptbesignedbeforedeploymenttopreventtampering,seta resourcesigningpolicy.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 396. Forinstructionsoncreatinganddeployingthescript,seeSpecifyaScriptanda CommandtoRunItonpage 394.
VMware, Inc.
389
Include a Power-On and Power-Off Script in the Package

YoucanprovideascriptthatrunswhenanACEinstancepowersonthatdetermines whethertheACEinstancecanberun.YoucanprovideascriptthatrunswhenanACE instancepowersofftoresetanychangesmadetothehostfromapoweronscript,reset authenticationsettings,orperformotherproceduresastheinstancepowersoff. Torequirethatthescriptbesignedbeforedeploymenttopreventtampering,seta resourcesigningpolicy.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 396. Thepoweronorpoweroffscriptprovidesacustomizablewayofcontrollingaccessto anACEinstanceinadditiontotheauthenticationpolicy. To include a power-on and power-off script in the package 1 2 3 4 5 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesfolder. Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,selectScriptandclickPoweron/offscripts. Selectoneorbothcheckboxesforthescriptsyouwanttorun. ClickSettospecifythepathtothescriptandenterthecommandtorunthescript. Ifyouareenablingapoweronorpoweroffscriptafteryoudeployedpackages, provideanupdatepackageoracustompackagefortheACE Resourcesdirectory.
Whenthescriptrunsontheuserssystem,thescriptprintsTRUEforpoweronor FALSEforpoweroff.Itmustalsoconformtostandardscriptexitcoderules.The followingisanexampleofapoweronscript:

# VMware Sample Script # # Sample script for ACE power-on hook # # Description: # This sample script implements a power-on hook for ACE. This can be used # in addition to authentication to control the circumstances under which an # ACE is allowed to run. # # This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment # variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this # sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE # otherwise. # # Input to script: # None. # # Returns: # TRUE if username is on white list. # FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined.
390
VMware, Inc.
# # # #
Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
Scriptscanbeinanylanguage.Forexample,youcanusea.batfileonWindows operatingsystemsorperlorshonLinuxoperatingsystems.Ascriptprovides WorkstationwithacommandlineexecutablefileorascriptfileintheACE Resources directory.Theguidelinesascriptmustfollowdependonwhichpolicythescriptis implementing. Thescriptmustexitwitha0(zero)valuetobeconsideredasuccess.Anyotheroutput resultsinfailure.Uponsuccess,thestdoutoutputofthescriptisexamined.Foragiven policy,thisshouldbeaspecificvaluesuchasTRUEorFALSE.Forapoweronscript, outputshouldbeTRUEorFALSE.Theauthenticationscriptoutputisusedasa password.Thehosttoguestdatascriptisastringinaparticularformatsuchas guestinfo.var1="value1"\nguestinof.var2="value2".
Set a Recovery Key for Encrypted ACE Instances

YoucanspecifythekeytobeusedforaccesstoencryptedACEinstances.Thiskey enablesyoutoresetthepasswordforadeployedACEinstance,activateanexpired instance,andrunacopyprotectedinstance. To set a recovery key for encrypted ACE instances 1 2 3 Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,clickRecoverykey. IntheRecoveryKeydialogbox,selectUserecoverykey. Dooneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc.
391
TouseanexistingPEMformatkeypair,clickBrowseforExistingKeyand navigatetothepublickeyofthepairtouse. TocreateaPEMformatkeypair,clickCreateNewRecoveryKeyand completethedialogboxthatappears.
ClickOKtogeneratethekeys. Afterseveralseconds,thenewlygeneratedpublickeyislistedinthefieldonthe RecoveryKeytab.Thetwopartsofthekeyarestoredinthelocationyouindicated, withthenamesyouspecifiedfollowedbytheextensions.pubforthepublickey and.privfortheprivatekey.
Recordtheprivatekeypasswordandlocationoftheprivatekeyfilesothatyoucan supplyitifyouneedtoresetapassword.
Set Activation Limit

TheactivationlimitisthemaximumnumberofACEinstancesthatcanbeactivated fromthespecifiedACEenabledvirtualmachine.Thisoptionisavailableifyouuse ACEManagementServer. To set an activation limit Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,underActivationlimit,inTotalnumberof activations,choosehowmanyinstancescanbeactivatedfromthisACEenabled virtualmachine. Youcanusethedropdownmenuortypeinanumber.
Active Directory Password Change Proxying

YoucanprovideadditionalsecurityforyourACEinstancesbyintegratingwithActive Directory. Youcanspecifypasswordexpirationandchangerequirements,setupthedomainto expirepasswords,andrequirepasswordchangesperiodically.Thesesettingsarein additiontoACEaccesscontrolpolicysettings. IncasesinwhichActiveDirectoryusersneedtochangetheirpasswords,youcan configureACEManagementServerasanActiveDirectorypasswordchangeproxy.In thismode,ACEManagementServermakesthepasswordchangerequesttotheActive Directorydomaincontrollerontheusersbehalf.
392
VMware, Inc.
Setting Host to Guest Data Script Policies

YoucanprovideahosttoguestdatascriptthatrunswhentheACEinstanceispowered on.Itpassesvaluestotheguest.Usethispolicysettingtosharespecifichost informationwiththeguestoperatingsystemwhentheACEinstanceispoweredon. Thescript,whichrunsonthehost,shouldoutputasetofkeyvaluepairs,which becomeavailabletotheapplicationsthatarerunninginsidetheguest.TheVMware Toolsserviceprovidesthisability.Thesetofacceptablekeysconsistsofmachine.id andkeysprefixedwithguestinfo,suchasguestinfo.ipAddress. Keyscancontainalphanumericcharactersandsymbols,includingtheperiod(.), underscore(_),backslash(\)andpipe(|)characters.Thenewline,#,space,and forwardslash(/)charactersareinvalidforthekey.Valuescancontainalphanumeric characters.The#,space,andpipe(|)charactersareinvalidforthekey.Anykeyvalue pairthatcontainsinvalidcharactersisignoredsilently. Sincespacesareinvalid,usingaphraselikeMy Documentsaspartofafolderpathvalue doesnotwork.Instead,enclosethephraseinquotationmarks:MyDocuments Alternatively,youcanusetheshort8.3DOSname(inthiscase,mydoc~1),whichdoes notcontainaspace.Toobtaintheshort8.3DOSnamesforthesubdirectoriesina directory,enterdir /x atthecommandprompt. To query key values that have already been set Dooneofthefollowing:
FromaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingatacommandprompt: cd "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware ["Tools"]" VMwareService -cmd machine.id.get VMwareService -cmd "info-get guestinfo.<key_to_query>" VMwareService -cmd "info-get guestinfo.script_status" FromaLinuxguest,enterthefollowingatacommandprompt: vmware-guestd --cmd "machine.id.get" vmware-guestd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.<key_to_query>" vmware-guestd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.script_status"
IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineforaninstanceisconfiguredforbothWindowsand Linuxplatforms,youcanprovidescriptsforbothWindowsandLinuxsystems. Changestoascriptrequirethatyoudeployanupdatepackagethatincludesthenew script. Forinstructionsoncreatinganddeployingthescript,seeSpecifyaScriptanda CommandtoRunItonpage 394.
VMware, Inc.
393
Specify a Script and a Command to Run It

Theprocedureforusingauthenticationscriptsandhostguestdatascriptsisidentical. Usethisprocedureforthefollowingscripts:
AccesscontrolauthenticationscriptCustomauthenticationscriptthatrunson theenduserscomputertodeterminewhocanusetheACEinstance. IfyouplantousethescriptwithaPocketACEthatwillrunonbothWindowsand Linuxhosts,makesurethatthescriptoutputsonbothplatformsareexactlythe same,includingcharactersforlineendingsornewlines.
HostguestdatascriptScriptforsharinghostinformationsuchasthehost machineIDandIPaddresswithapplicationsthatrunontheguest.
To specify a script and a command to run it 1 2 3 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinsidethevirtual machinesdirectory. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifthescriptisacustomauthenticationscript,selectAccessControlandinthe Authenticationsection,selectScriptandclickSetScript. Ifthescriptisforpassinghostinformationtotheguest,selectHostGuest DataScript,selectRunahostguestscriptatpoweron,andclickSet.
Inthedialogboxthatappears,browsetothescriptfileandclickOpen. IfthedeploymentplatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditorissettoBoth WindowsandLinux,thisdialogboxcontainstextfieldsforbothWindowsand Linux.
Typethecommandforrunningthescript. Includethescriptfileinthecommandline,aswellasanyneededexecutablefile forrunningthescriptandanyargumentstothescript.
(Optional)SelectTimeoutandtypeatimeoutintervalinseconds,incasethescript doesnotruntocompletion. Theuserisdeniedaccessifthetimeoutintervalelapsesbeforethescriptrunsto completion.
ClickOK.
394
VMware, Inc.
IfyouareenablingthisscriptforanACEenabledvirtualmachinethatyoualready deployed,dooneofthefollowing:
Forstandaloneinstances,includethescriptintheupdatepackageyou distributetoendusers. Formanagedinstances,useapolicyandserverupdatepackageoracustom packagethatincludestheACE Resourcesdirectorytoprovideenduserswith thescript.
Setting Expiration Policies

Expirationpoliciesareuseful,forinstance,ifyouwanttopreventacontractemployee fromusingavirtualmachinepastacertaindateorformorethanacertainnumberof days. Whenaninstanceexpires,thefilesremainontheuserscomputer,buttheinstance cannotbeused.Thisway,theusercanrequestanextensiontotheexpirationdate. Ifyouspecifyadaterange,theinstancecanbepoweredonandrunnoearlierorlater thanthestartandenddates.YoucandeployACEinstanceswithexpireddateranges. Youcanalsosetandcustomizeawarningmessagethatappearseachtimeaninstance powersonastheexpirationdateapproaches.Anexpirationmessageappearswhenthe instanceexpiresandtheinstancecannolongerbepoweredon. AstandaloneACEinstancehasthesameexpirationpolicyasallinstancescreatedfrom thecorrespondingACEpackage.Thefixedexpirationdateorthefixeddaterangeis establishedatactivationtime.Eachtimetheuserpowersontheinstance,thedateor daterangeischecked.Expirationchecksarealsoperformedwhiletheinstanceis running.Iftheexpirationisreached,anexpirationmessageappearsandtheinstanceis suspended. WithamanagedACEinstance,theexpirationpolicyworkssimilarlyasforstandalone instances,buttheexpirationpolicyvaluecanbespecifiedforindividualinstances.A validdaterangeforanACEenabledvirtualmachineappliestoeachofitsassociated ACEinstancesuntilaninstanceisindividuallyconfiguredwithitsowndaterange. Afterthatconfiguration,anychangestotheACEenabledvirtualmachinesexpiration policydonotaffecttheinstance.Allexpirationvalues,bothforACEenabledvirtual machinesandforallACEinstances,aredynamic.Thismeansthatafteryouchangethe valueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthe newvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates.
VMware, Inc.
395
Setting Copy Protection Policies

CopyprotectionpoliciesensurethatanACEinstancerunsonlyfromthelocation whereitwasoriginallyinstalled.IfyoucopyprotectanACEinstance,itsfilescanbe movedorcopied,buttheinstancecannotrunfromthenewlocation. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcanspecifywhethercopyingandmovingare allowed.FormanagedACEinstances,youcanspecifywhetherbothcopyingand movingareallowedorwhetheronlymovingisallowed.Inthiscase,onlyonecopyof theACEinstanceisallowedtorunatatime. IftheusermovesorcopiesacopyprotectedACEinstanceandtriestorunit,anerror messageappears.Itlistsanalphanumericstringthattheusercansendtothesystem administratororhelpdeskassistanttogetthecopyprotectionchanged. Formanagedinstances,youcanalsodynamicallychangethecopyprotectionsettings, switchingthesettingssothatmovedorcopiedinstanceswillrunornotrun.Thismeans thatafteryouchangethevalueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagement Server,ACEinstancesgetthenewvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates. EveryACEinstancehasacopyprotectionidentifier(CPID)thatcontainsthepathtothe ACEinstanceonthehostfilesystem.ForstandardACEinstances,theCPIDalso containsthesystemsBIOSID.ForPocketACEinstances,theCPIDcontainsthefile systemID.Ifcopyprotectionison,WorkstationcomparesthecurrentCPIDwiththe storedCPID.Iftheydonotmatch,theinstancewasmovedorcopied. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcansettheCPIDbyusingvmware-acetoolorby sendinghotfixes(onWindowssystems,ifhotfixesareenabled).SeeUsingthe vmwareacetoolCommandLineToolonpage 472andRespondtoHotFixRequests onpage 474. FormanagedACEinstances,theCPIDisstoredontheserverandtheadministratorcan updateit.SeetheACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Setting Resource Signing Policies

YoucansettheresourcesigningpolicysothatanACEinstancecannotberunif resourcefiles,suchaspolicyscriptsorcustomEULAtextfiles,aretamperedwith. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcessubdirectoryinthevirtual machinedirectoryontheWorkstationhost.Filesthatareputinthisdirectoryonthe endusersmachinearenotresourcesinthissenseandarenotsignaturechecked. Signaturecheckingisperformedontheendusersmachineatpoweronandthenevery timeascriptisrun.YoucanspecifywhethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resources directoryorjustthepolicyscriptsinthatdirectory.
396 VMware, Inc.
Ifyouarecreatingapackagethathassubstantialresources,suchaslargefilesorlarge numbersoffiles,signaturecheckingmighttakealongtime.Inthiscase,consider verifyingscriptsonlyornotusingresourcesigning. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionpackagesettingoptionstoNone,anyverification specifiedintheresourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackage settingoverridestheresourcesigningpolicy.SeeEncryptionSettingsonpage 430.
Setting Network Access Policies

Thenetworkaccessfeatureusesapacketfilteringfirewalltoenableyoutospecify whichmachinesorsubnetsanACEinstanceoritshostsystemmayaccess.Thismeans thatyoucan,forexample,configuretheinstancesothatitisallowedtoconnectonlyto yourVPNserver,whichthencontrolsaccesstootherresources. Youcanalsocustomizethenetworkaccesssettingstofilteronthebasisofnetwork addresses,trafficdirection,protocol,andports.Youcansetthefollowingtypesof networkaccessrestrictiondefinitions:

Networkzones NetworkaccessfortheACEinstanceshostmachine(alsoknownashostnetwork access) NetworkaccessforyourACEinstancesguestoperatingsystem(alsoknownas guestnetworkaccess)
NetworkaccesspoliciescanbedynamiciftheACEinstanceisassociatedwithanACE ManagementServer.ThismeansthatafteryoupublishapolicyupdatetoACE ManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthenewpolicythenexttimetheycheckfor policyupdates.YoucanquicklylockACEinstancesoutofallorpartofyournetwork tohelpcombatthespreadofawormorviruswithoutdeployingupdatepackages.See theVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Before You Begin Setting Host Policies

Usethefollowingguidelinesasyouplannetworkaccesspolicies:
AhostmachineforACEinstancescanhaveonlyonehostpolicyfile.Ifyoutryto installanACEpackagewithahostpolicyfileonamachinethatalreadyhasa differenthostpolicyfile,installationofthenewpackagefails. AhostpolicyisineffectevenwhennoACEinstancesarerunning.Thepolicystarts immediatelyafterinstallationandstartsworkingeverytimethehostsystemboots.
VMware, Inc.
397
Anyrestrictionsonthehostsnetworkaccessalsorestrictnetworkaccessforan ACEinstancethatusesNATnetworking,becausetheNATconnectionisaffected byallthepoliciesyouapplytothehost.Ifyousetuprestrictedhostaccessbyusing theACEruleseteditorandruleseditorratherthantheNetworkAccesswizard, configuretheACEenabledvirtualmachinesvirtualNICstousebridged networking. IfyouaresettingupamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachine,youmustallowthe hosttoaccessACEManagementServer,communicatingthroughTCPoverthe appropriateportthatyouconfigure. HostpoliciesdonotapplytoPocketACEinstances.Ifyouspecifyarestrictedhost policyforanACEenabledvirtualmachineandthencreateaPocketACEpackage withthatACEenabledvirtualmachine,thepackageiscreatedbutthehostpolicy isnotincludedinthepackage. Youcannotviewchangestohostpoliciesinthepreviewmode.Ifyouwanttotest theeffectsofsuchchanges,youmustperformatestdeployment.SeeChapter 20, DeployingACEPackages,onpage 429.
Use the Network Access Wizard to Configure Network Access

VMwarerecommendsthatyouusetheNetworkAccesswizardtoconfigurebasic settingsandthenusethezoneeditorandruleseteditortofinetunethesettingsif necessary.TheNetworkAccesswizardisinitiatedwhenyouclickQuickSetup. TheNetworkAccesswizardcreatesorchangesrulesforthefollowingzones:
IfyouchoosetheDesktopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewguest accessrulesetfortheEverywherezone.ThisrulesetrestrictsACEinstanceaccess toyourVPNorotherspecifiednetworkhosts. IfyouchoosetheLaptopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewinternal zonethatrestrictsthenetworkaddressand,optionally,thedomainonwhichthe ACEinstancecanrun.Itcanalsocreateanewhostaccessrulesetforthiszoneto restrictaccesstotheinternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanspecifyaproxyserver. Finally,youcanconfigurethesameremoteaccessasfortheDesktop Configurationoption. Ifyouusethisoptionandyoudonotmodifyanyofthedefaultsettingsthatthe wizardprovides,thehostisstillallowedtocommunicatewithDNSandDHCP serverssothatthezonedetectionmechanismcanfunctionproperly.
398
VMware, Inc.
To use the Network Access wizard to configure network access 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. SelectRestrictnetworkaccessoftheACEinstanceand/oritshostandclick Quick Setup. Completethewizard. Dependingonwhichconfigurationtypeyouchoose,anewzonemightbeadded totheNetworkAccesssettingspanel,andnewrulesetsmightappearinthe Host NetworkAccessandGuestNetworkAccesscolumnsinthetable. 4 (Optional)Tovieworeditthezonesorrulsetsyoucreatedwiththewizard,click thezoneorrulesetnameinthetableontheNetworkAccesssettingspanel.
WhenyouusetheNetworkAccesswizardtocreateaninternalzone,choosingthe LaptopConfigurationoptionenablesyoutospecifythenetworkaddress,domain,and subdomains.IfyouwanttoalsoconfigureDNS,DHCP,WINS,orgatewayservers,use thezoneeditor.SeeGuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditionsonpage 399.
Guidelines for Specifying Zone Conditions

Zoneconditionsdescribethecharacteristicsofanetworkzone.Workstationexamines thenetworksthataredirectlyconnectedtonetworkadaptersonthehostcomputerto seeifamatchexistsforallthecriteriaforanyadapterinanyofthezonedefinitions. ThezoneeditorappearswhenyouclickanameintheZonescolumnoftheNetwork Accesspolicypage.Itshowsthefollowingdetailsaboutthezone:
Youcanspecifyazonebyusinguptosixconditions:

Domain Subnet DNSservers DHCPservers Gatewayservers WINSservers
Foramatchtooccur,allspecifiedconditionsmustbemet.
Allzoneconditionsexceptthedomainconditionallowuserstospecifyalistof addresses.Thematchismadeifthehostsaddressmatchesanyoftheaddresslist entriesinaspecifiedcondition.
VMware, Inc.
399
Whenthehostconnectstoanetwork,acheckisperformedtodeterminewhetherthe networkmatchestheconditionsforazone.Thecheckingstartswiththetopmostzone inthetableandcontinuesdownthetableuntilamatchismadeortheEverywhereElse zoneisreached.Whenamatchismade,thezonecheckingstopsandfilterrulesforthat zoneareapplied. Therearetradeoffsbetweenusingshorterandlongerlistsofconditions.Ifyouusea longerlist,youminimizethechancesofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentification. Minimizingthechanceofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentificationcanbeimportant ifyouareprovidinganACEpackagetosomeonewhoconnectsahostcomputerto multiplenetworksatdifferenttimes.Ifoneoftheothernetworksmatchesthe characteristicsyoudefineinthezonedefinition,thehostandinstanceaccesspolicies areapplied,evenifthehostisnotconnectedtoyournetwork. Insomecases,however,usingalongerlistmightalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatauser couldcircumventthedetectionmechanism.Forexample,suchanerrormightbemade ifyouswitchthehosttouseastaticIPaddressinsteadofDHCPandconfigurethehost withonlyasubsetofthecharacteristicsdefinedforyourzone,suchasonlynetwork address,ornetworkaddressandDNSserverinformation. Alsoconsiderthattheaddressesornamesofcertainserverscanchangeovertime. Such changescanalsointroducedetectionissues. Usingasmallersetofinformationinazonedescription,suchasonlythenetwork addressandthesubnetmask,issafer.Thedisadvantageisthatitincreasesthechance thatafalsepositiveormisidentificationcanoccur.Suchfalsepositivesareespecially likelyifyournetworkisusingacommonnetblock,suchas10/8,172.16/12,or 192.168/16,thatisalsousedbyothernetworks.
Descriptions of the Zone Condition Settings

Eachzonedescriptionmustcontainoneormoreofthefollowingsettingoptions describingtheconditionsofthezone:
DomainSpecifiesthedomainnameofthenetwork,suchasmycompany.com. Enteronlyonedomainname.ThevalueofAllowsubdomainsofthisdomain governstheinterpretationofthisoption. AllowsubdomainsofthisdomainModifiestheDomainoption.Itspecifies whether,fortheDomainzoneconditiontobemet,adomainnamemustexactly matchthedomainnamespecifiedintheDomainboxorwhetheramatchofthe domainnameismadeanytimethestringcontains<domain_name>.Forexample, ifthisoptionisselected,corp.mycompany.comisconsideredamatchfor mycompany.com.Ifthisoptionisnotselected,corp.mycompany.comisnot consideredamatchformycompany.com.
400
VMware, Inc.
NetworkaddressSpecifiesanIPaddressorsubnetrangethatthenetworkuses. Thevalueof<subnet>,ifyouincludeasubnetrange,mustbethenumberofbits inthenetmask.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingan IP addressthatlieswithinanyofthespecifiedranges. DNSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDNSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofDNSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork. BecausemultiplemethodsexistforassigningDNSdomainnamestoaLinuxhost, usingjusttheDNSdomainnametodefineazonecanbeerrorprone.Todefinea zoneforaLinuxhost,usecriteriainadditiontotheDNSdomainnames. ForWebsites,aDNSdomainnamemightresolvetomorethanoneaddress.To ensurethatthezoneisdefinedexactlyasyouintend,entereachIPaddress,rather thanjusttheDNSdomainname.
DHCPserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDHCP serversonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingat leastoneoftheseservers. GatewayserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesfordefault gatewaysonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusing atleastoneofthesegateways. WINSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforWINSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers.LinuxhostsignoreWINSserversettingsduringzonedetection. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofWINSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork.
Add or Edit a Network Zone

Usethezoneeditortoconfigurethenetworkaddress,domain,DNS,DHCP,WINS,or gatewayserversthatanACEinstancecanusefornetworkconnections. Beforeyouopenthezoneeditor,determinewhatcriteriatouseforconnectingto internalandexternalnetworks.SeeGuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditionson page 399andDescriptionsoftheZoneConditionSettingsonpage 400.
VMware, Inc.
401
To add or edit a network zone 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccessanddooneofthefollowing:
Toaddazone,clickAddZoneandclicktheNewZoneentrythatappearsin thetable. Toeditazone,clickthenameofthezoneintheZonescolumnofthetable.
CompletethefieldsinthezoneeditorthatappearsandclickOK.
Using the Ruleset Editor to Configure Host and Guest Access

EachaccesssettingfortheACEinstanceshostmachineandfortheACEinstances guestsystemisbasedonasetofaccessrules.WheneveryouusetheNetworkAccess wizard,adefaultrulesetisusedforhostandguestnetworkaccess.Youcanusethe ruleseteditortochangetheparametersofthoserules. NetworkaccesspoliciesareappliedbyfilteringontheIPaddress,theprotocolnumber fromtheIPheader,thedirectionoftraffic,andTCPandUDPportvalues.Thefiltering doesnotinvolvedeeppacketinspection.ForDNSandDHCPaccess,theTCPandUDP portsonwhichthoseservicestraditionallyresideareopened. Notethefollowingaspectsofthefilteringactions:
Ifyoumoveyourservicestodifferentports,thenetworkaccessrulesforthose servicesnolongerwork. Thehostorinstanceisopentoalltrafficontheseprotocolsandports.
TounderstandtheparticularsofhowtrafficisbeingblockedorallowedforDNS, DHCP,andICMPprotocolsandports,seetherulesdisplayedintheruleseteditor.
Add or Edit Rulesets and Rules for Network Access

Therulesintheruleseteditorarelistedintheorderinwhichtheyaretobeevaluated. Whenanetworktrafficpacketarrivesoristobesentfromthehostorguest,itis comparedwitheachruleintheruleset,inorderfromthetopdown.Ifthefollowing packetsettingsmatchtheruleconditions,thepacketisallowedorblockedaccordingto therulesaction:

Sourceaddressforincomingpackets Destinationaddressforoutgoingpackets,protocol,andports
402
VMware, Inc.
Thepacketiscomparedtoeachruleinorderuntilitmatchesaruleoritwascompared withalloftherules.Whenamatchismade,thepackettorulecomparisonends. The packetisnotcomparedtosubsequentrulesintheorderedlist.Ifitwascompared toallruleswithoutamatch,thedefaultruleactionisapplied. To add and edit rulesets and rules for network access 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccessandclickthelinkinthetablecolumn thatappliestotheaccesssettingtoedit. TheZoneandAccessTypeinformationjustbelowtheRulesetNametextbox showsthenameofthezoneandwhethertheaccesssettingappliestohostnetwork accessortothenetworkaccessforACEinstances(guestaccess). 2 Usetheruleseteditortochangetheorderofrulesintheset,editrules,andspecify whetherthehostorguestisallowedtouseDNS,DHCP,orICMP. Bydefault,DNS,DHCP,andICMPareincludedinthenetworkaccesssetupfor bothhostandinstanceaccess.VMwarerecommendsthatyoukeepDHCPand DNSselectedbecausetheyareimportantforzonedetection. WhetherthefollowingsettingsapplytothehostortotheACEinstance(guest access)dependsonwhetheryouareeditingahostnetworkaccessrulesetora guestnetworkaccessruleset:
DNSAllowstheguestorhosttouseaDNSservertoresolveIPaddresses. SelectthisoptioniftheDNSserverisnotincludedinanyothernetworkaccess settingforthishostorACEinstance. DHCPAllowsthehostorguesttoobtainitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserver. SelectthisoptioniftheDHCPserverisnotincludedinanyothernetwork accesssettingforthehostorACEinstance. ICMPEnablesyoutousethepingcommand.Forguests,pingenablesyou tochecknetworkconnectivitytoandfromtheACEinstance.Forhosts,it enablesyoutochecknetworkconnectivitywithotherhostsinthenetwork andwiththeACEinstance.
(Optional)Toaddoreditarule,dooneofthefollowing:
Tochangeaspecificrulessettings,clicktherowforthatruleinthetableinthe ruleseteditorandclickEdit. Toaddarule,clickAdd.
(Optional)UsetheRuleEditordialogboxtospecifythetypeoftraffic,whetherto blockorallowtrafficfromspecifiednetworklocations,theprotocol,andportsor portranges.
VMware, Inc.
403
AddressesToeditanexistinghostnameoraddress,doubleclickthatitem andeditit.ThewildcardsettingforallIPaddressesis0.0.0.0/0. ProtocolToalloworblockcommunicationforaspecificprotocol,select CustomfromtheProtocollist.Theprotocolnumberisinthepacket.Ifthat numbermatchesthenumbersuppliedintheCustomfield,thepacketis allowedorblockedastherulespecifies.Theprotocolnumberisusedinthe protocolfieldofIPv4packets. Foralistofprotocolnumbers,seetheInternetAssignedNumbers Authority (IANA)organizationsWebsite.Mostprotocolnumbersare permanentlyassigned.
RemotePortsandLocalPortsIfyouareusingeitherTCPorUDPandwant toqualifytherulewithspecificportnumbersforthistypeoftraffic,typethe portnumbersorportnumberranges. Thewildcardportsettingis(doublequotationmarks). Usuallyyouspecifyfilteringoneitherlocalorremoteports,notboth,because bothspecificationshavetomatchfortheruletobeapplied.(DHCPrepresents anexceptiontothisgeneralrule.) Thelocalportisthesourceportforoutgoingpacketsandthedestinationport forincomingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyalocalportwhenthehostorguest isbeingusedasaserverobtainingremoteconnectionsonsomeport. Theremoteportisthesourceportforincomingpacketsandthedestination portforoutgoingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyaremoteportwhenthehost orguestisaclientandiscontactingaremoteserveronsomeport.
Change NAT Settings

YoucanusetheNATfeatureofthenetworkaccesspolicytospecifytheIPaddress rangeforthevirtualnetworkVMnet8ontheACEinstanceshostsystem.Youdeploy thisnetworkpropertiessettingwiththeACEpackage. CAUTIONIfyousetthisproperty,thesettingaffectsalloftheACEinstancesandvirtual machinesonthisinstanceshostsystem. To change NAT settings 1 2 3
404
Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. IntheNATsectionofthedialogbox,selectAssignIPaddressesfromthissubnet.

VMware, Inc.
4 5
TypethesubnetIPaddresstouse,enterzero(0)asthelastbyteintheaddress,and clickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. TheNATsettingisnotadynamicpolicysetting.Thismeansthatsimply publishingapolicyupdatetoACEManagementServerdoesnotcauseACE instancestochangeNATsettings.YoucanchangethesettingforadeployedACE instanceonlybychangingitinthepolicyandthencreatinganddeployinganew ACEpackage.
Configure Which Physical Network Adapter to Use

Ifthehostislikelytohavemultiplenetworkadapters,youcanspecifywhichonetouse forabridgednetworkconnection.Forexample,youcanspecifythatonlythewireless adapteroronlyaVPNistobeused. CAUTIONIfyousetthisproperty,thesettingaffectsalloftheACEinstancesandvirtual machinesonthisinstanceshostsystem. To configure which physical network adapter to use 1 2 3 4 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. SelectoneoftheradiobuttonsintheAutomaticBridgingsection. IfyouselectDevicename,alsoenterpartorallofthedevicename. Forexample,ifdevicenameofthelocalareaconnectionisBroadcomNetXtreme 57xxGigabitController#2,youmightenterBroadcomorbroadcom netxtreme. OnWindowshosts,todeterminethedevicename,gototheNetworkConnections itemintheControlPanel. 5 6 ClickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. Thisautomaticbridgingsettingisahostpolicy,whichmeansthatyoucanchange thesettingforadeployedACEinstanceonlybychangingitinthepolicyandthen creatinganddeployinganewACEpackage
Understanding the Interaction of Host and Guest Access Filters with Tunneling Protocols
Hostandguestaccessfilterscandifferintheirinteractionswithtunnelingprotocols.
VMware, Inc. 405
Ahostnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficbeforepacketsareencapsulatedinthetunneling protocol(forexample,VPN).Aguestnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficafterthepackets areencapsulatedinthetunnelingprotocol. Becauseofthisguestaccessfilterbehavior,ausermightbeabletocircumventguest accessrestrictionsbyusingtunnelingprotocolsorproxies.
Updating a Network Access Policy

Youmustcreateanddeployanewpackageinorderforthehostpolicytotakeeffect. IfyouuseamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachinetocreatepackagesthatdonot containahostpolicyandlateredittheACEenabledvirtualmachinesnetworkaccess policytoincludeahostpolicyandpublishthechange,instancescreatedfrompackages ofthatACEenabledvirtualmachinedonothaveahostpolicyapplied.Awarning appearsonthenetworkaccesspolicypageifyouattempttoapplyahostpolicyinthis way. Youcanpackagejustthehostpolicyinacustompackage,keepingthepackagesize small.
Setting Removable Devices Policies

Removabledevicespoliciesallowyoutocontrolwhetheruserscanconnectand disconnectremovabledevicesfromtheirACEinstances. AremovabledevicespolicyisappliedtoanACEenabledvirtualmachineandaffects allusersofallinstancescreatedfromthatACEenabledvirtualmachine. WhenyouselectRemovableDevicesinthepolicyeditor,allremovabledevicetypes forthisACEenabledvirtualmachinearedisplayedinalist.Youcanspecifywhich devicestoallowenduserstoaccess.
Setting USB Device Policies

YoucansetUSBdevicepoliciestorestricttheACEusersaccesstoUSBdevices.The policiesaredynamic.ThismeansthatyoucanchangethesettingsondeployedACE instancesbypublishingapolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer.
Access Levels for USB Devices

Youcansetrestrictionsatvariouslevelsofspecificity,andyoucanmixlevelsof restrictioninapolicysetting.Thelevelsofrestrictionare:
406
VMware, Inc.
SpecificUSBdeviceForexample,allowuseofaspecifictypeofdigitalcamera butdisallowuseofiPodmobiledigitaldevices. Ifaruleexistsforaspecificdevice,thatruleoverridesanyrulessetfordevice classesinwhichthedevicebelongs. AllentriesinthelistofspecificUSBdevicesaremaintainedinadevicedatabase thatisincludedwiththefilesforthisACEenabledvirtualmachine.Youcancopy andsharethedatabase.Itisnotwriteprotected.Thedefaultlocationforthefileis:

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\usbhistory.ini
DeviceclassForexample,allowuseofhumaninputdevices(HIDs),suchasmice andkeyboards,butdisallowuseofcommunicationsdevices,suchasmodemsand cellphones. Ifnospecificdeviceruleexistsforadeviceandmorethanonedeviceclassrule appliestothatdevice,themostrestrictiveruleisapplied.Forexample,adevice mightincludebothafaxfunctionandaprintfunctionandthereforecanbelongto morethanoneclass.Ifoneruleblocksafaxdevicebutanotherruleallowsaprint device,thecombinationfaxandprintdeviceisblocked.
AllUSBdevicesAllowordenyaccesstoallconnectedUSBdevices.Deviceclass rulesandspecificdevicerulesoverridegeneralaccessrules.
Set an Access Policy for USB Devices

YoumightwanttosetapolicythatpreventsendusersfromconnectingsuchUSB devicesasmassstoragedevices,printers,ormodemstotheACEinstance. Beforeyouusethepolicyeditor,determineastrategyforsettingthepolicy.Ifyouwant arestrictedenvironment,youcanplantogenerallyblockaccesstoallUSBdevicesand thenspecifyexactlywhichclassesorspecificdevicestoallow.SeeAccessLevelsfor USBDevicesonpage 406. To set an access policy for USB devices 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectUSBDevices. UsetheGeneralaccesstoallUSBdevicesradiobuttonstospecifywhetherto alloworblockgeneralaccesstoUSBdevices. TospecifyaUSBpolicybydeviceclass: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSBdevices list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceClassesdialogbox,andclick OK.
VMware, Inc.
407
YoucanCtrlclickandShiftclickitemstoselectmorethanoneclass. b 4 UsetheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSB deviceslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist.
TospecifyaUSBpolicybyspecificdevice: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstoindividualUSBdevicemodels list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceListdialogbox,andclick OK. IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheUSBDeviceListdialogbox,dooneofthe following:

ConnectthedevicetothehostandclickRefresh. DeterminethedevicesvendorID(VID)andproductID(PID)andclick ManualAddtoentertheinformation.Thisinformationisavailablefrom theWindowsDeviceManagerwhenyouconnecttheUSBdevicetoa Windowscomputer.
b c 5
UsetheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstoindividualUSBdevice modelslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist. (Optional)Tochangetheinformationforadevice,clickRemoveandaddthe deviceagainwiththenewinformation.
ClickOKinthepolicyeditor.
Setting Virtual Printer Policies

VMwareACEincludesavirtualprinterthatallowsuserstoprinttoanyprinter availabletothehostcomputerwithoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtual machine. ThevirtualprinterfeatureisavailableforACEinstancesrunningwiththeseWindows hostandguestoperatingsystems:

HostWindowsXP,2003,orVista,732bitonly GuestWindows2000,XP,2003,Vista,7(32and64bit),RedHatEnterpriseLinux 4(32bitonly),Ubuntu,andSUSE
Afteryouenablethevirtualprinterpolicy,aserialportisaddedtothevirtualmachine. ThisserialportappearsontheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,with thesummaryUsedbyVirtualPrinter.Youcannotaddorremovethisserialportby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Toaddorremoveit,youmustenableor disabletheoptioninthevirtualprinterpolicy.
408
VMware, Inc.
NOTEIftheACEenabledvirtualmachinealreadyhasfourserialports,youcannot addanotherserialportforthevirtualprinter.Toenablethevirtualprinter,deletean existingserialport. AfterendusersinstalltheACEinstance,theycanusetheVM>VirtualPrintersmenu commandtospecifywhichprintersfromthehostareavailabletotheguest.Ifendusers onWindowshostshaveproblems,makesuretheTPAutoConnectServiceWindows serviceisstarted. NOTEWhentheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisenabled,VirtualPrinterisavailablein VM>Settings>Hardware,andcannotbedeselecteduntiltheACEVirtualPrinter policyisdisabled.
Setting Runtime Preferences Policies

YoucansetoptionsontheRuntimePreferencespolicypagetospecifywhich Workstationruntimeattributestheusercanchoose.
Runtime Preferences Settings

Usethefollowinginformationtodecidewhichfeaturestoenable:
AlwaysruninfullscreenVMwarePlayerfillsthefullscreenwhenitstarts, hidingthehostoperatingsystem.Youmightfindthisuseful,forexample,toavoid confusionaboutthedifferencesbetweenthehostsystemenvironmentandthatof theACEinstance. Userscanreturntothehostoperatingsystembyclickingtheminimizebuttonon thetoolbar.Ifthemousepointerisnotavailable,pressingCtrl+Altminimizesthe display.
AlwayshidethefullscreentoolbarEnduserscannotdisplaythetoolbarthat usuallyappearsatthetopofthescreenwheninfullscreenmode. AlwaysruninapplianceviewTheACEinstanceopensinapplianceviewand theusercannotchangetoconsoleview. Tousethissetting,youmustalsoenableapplianceviewforthevirtualmachine. SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 178.Ifyou attempttousethispolicywithoutenablingapplianceview,anerrormessage appearswhentheuserattemptstostarttheACEinstance.
AllowuserstomodifythememoryallocationTheChangeMemoryAllocation commandappearsintheVMmenuofVMwarePlayer.
VMware, Inc.
409
ReducevirtualmachinememorysizeifneededwhenpoweringonThevirtual machinepowersoneveniftheamountofavailablememoryislessthantheamount configuredforthevirtualmachine.Ifyoudonotusethisfeatureandtherequired amountofmemoryisnotavailable,usersneedtomodifythememoryallocationto poweronthevirtualmachine.
Enhanced Virtual Keyboard Settings

RequireenhancedvirtualkeyboardforsecureinputThissettingappliesonlyto WindowshostsrunningWindowsguests.Thisfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingof internationalkeyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoprovidessecurity improvementsbecauseitprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible, bypassingWindowskeystrokeprocessingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyat alowerlayer. IfanACEinstanceusesthisfeature,whenenduserspressCtrl+Alt+Delete,the guestsystemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,respondstothecommand. Beforeyoucreatearuntimepolicyforthisfeature,turnontheenhancedkeyboard filterwiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeUsetheEnhancedVirtual KeyboardforWindowsHostsonpage 335. WhentheACEinstanceisinstalledandtheguestoperatingsystemstartsforthe firsttime,aspecialkeyboardfilterdriverisinstalledonthehost.Afterinstallation, theendusermustrestartthehostcomputer.Keyboardfilteringisthenenabled.
WhenasuspectedkeyloggerisdetectedKeystrokeloggingisamethodof recordinguserkeystrokes,includingdetermininguserpasswords.VMwareACE nowincludesafeaturethatcandetect(butnotdisable)keyloggers. IfyouselectAskuser,enduserscanexitorcontinueusingthevirtualmachineand onlylogthatthekeyloggerwasdetected.Ifyouallowenduserstocontinueusing thevirtualmachinewhenakeyloggerisdetected,thekeyloggerstillrecordsthe userskeystrokes.Toavoidthispossibility,selectExit.
Exit Behavior Settings

WhenclosinganonPocketACEinstanceIfyouselectUserPreference,theuser hasaccesstoSuspendandPoweroffinthePreferencesdialogboxinVMware Player(File>Preferences).Ifyouselectoneoftheotherchoices,theendusers virtualmachineissuspendedorpoweredoffwhentheuserchoosesFile>Exitor clicksthecloseboxinVMwarePlayer.

VMware, Inc.
410
WhenclosingaPocketACEinstanceIfyouselectUserPreference,theuserhas accesstoGomobileandAsktogomobileorstayconnectedtothecomputerin thePreferencesdialogboxinVMwarePlayer(File>Preferences).
AlwaysGoThevirtualmachineispoweredoffandsynchronizedtothe host.Aftersynchronization,theusercanunplugtheUSBdeviceanduseitin anothermachine. AlwaysStayTheuserwantstoexitVMwarePlayerbutdoesnotwantto unplugthedevice.Thevirtualmachineissuspendedandnosynchronization occurs. AlwaysDiscardTheuserwantstoexitVMwarePlayerbutdoesnotwantto synchronize.Allchangesarelost.
AllowuserstomanuallypowerofforresetthevirtualmachineTheResetand PoweroffandExitcommandswillappearintheVM>Powermenu.Ifyoudonot selectthisoption,theusermustexitVMwarePlayertopowerofforsuspendthe ACEinstance.
Pocket ACE Cache Settings

Forperformancereasons,whenyouusePocketACE,filesfromtheUSBdeviceare cachedasneededonthehost.WhenyouarefinishedusingthePocketACE,you synchronizechangessothattheupdatedfilesarewrittentotheUSBdevice. Youcandisablethiscachingifyoudonothaveenoughdiskspaceonthehost.For example,ifthevirtualdiskonthePocketACEhas8GB,youmightpotentiallyneed8 GBofdiskspaceonthehostforcaching.Youcanalsodisablecachingforsecurity reasonsifyoudonotwanttocreateacacheonthehost. Ifyoudisablecaching,theexitbehaviorintheWhenclosingaPocketACEinstancelist changestoAlwaysGobutsynchronizationdoesnotoccurbecauseitisnotnecessary.
Setting Snapshot Policies

Youcansetpolicyoptionsfortwotypesofsnapshots:
ReimagesnapshotsAtinstallationtime,asnapshotistakenafterallofthe requiredinstancesetupstepsarecomplete,including,ifapplicable,encryption, instancecustomization,anddomainjoin.Thesnapshotistakenbeforethevirtual machinerunsforthefirsttime.
VMware, Inc.
411
NOTEManuallydisabletheautomaticreimagesnapshotbyeditingthe ACEenabledvirtualmachinesaceMaster.datfile.Editthe packaging.takeReimageSnapshot option. ReimagesnapshotsallowtheACEadministrator,ortheuseriftheadministrator enablesreimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,toreverttheACEinstancetoits knowngoodstartingstateortotheknowngoodupdatedreimagestate. Ifyouenablereimagesnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearinthe VM>Snapshotmenu. Ifyouchoosenottoenablethereimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,youcan replacethereimagesnapshotorreverttoitontheusersmachinebyproviding administratormodeaccessthroughtheAdministratorModepolicy.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 412.
UsersnapshotsYoucanenableuserstotakeasnapshotoftheACEinstance eitherwhentheinstanceisrunningorimmediatelyafterpoweringitoff.Youcan alsoenablethemtodeletethatusersnapshot. Usersnapshotsenabletheusertoreturnthevirtualmachinetoaknownstable state.Usersnapshotscanbetaken,revertedto,anddeletedwithoutaffectingthe reimagesnapshot.Onlyoneusersnapshotcanbesavedatatime. Ifyouenableusersnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearintheVM >Snapshotmenu.
NOTEYoucannottakesnapshotsofaPocketACEinstance.FormoreaboutPocket ACEs,seeChapter 21,PocketACE,onpage 451.
Setting Administrator Mode Policies

Youcanusetheadministratormodepolicytosetanadministrativepasswordsothat youcandoanyofthefollowing:
RuntheACEinstanceontheusersmachineandenteradministratormodeto accessthevirtualmachinesettingsandmakechangestotheinstances configuration(onWindowssystemsonly).Youcanonlyeditthesettings.You cannotaddorremovevirtualhardwaredevices. RuntheACEinstanceontheusersmachineandenteradministrativemodeto accessallthesnapshotcommands.SeeSettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 411. Usethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramonanACEuserssystemtofix alimitedsetofproblemsforstandaloneACEinstances.

VMware, Inc.
412
Use Administrator Mode on an ACE Instance

Usingadministratormodeonanendusersvirtualmachineenablesyouto troubleshootandaccessfeaturesandcommandsthatmightnotbeavailabletotheend user. To use administrator mode on an ACE instance 1 2 3 StartVMwarePlayerontheendusersmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Enter AdministratorMode. Enterthepasswordforadministratoraccess. Choosetheappropriatecommandsasfollows:
Toeditvirtualmachinesettingsfromtheusersmachine,chooseVM> Settings.ThiscommandisavailableonlyonWindowshosts. Tousetheusersnapshotcommands,chooseVM>Snapshot. Tousethereimagesnapshotcommands,chooseVM>Snapshot>Revertto ReimageSnapshot. TousetheACETools,seeUsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool onpage 472.
Whenyoufinishchangingvirtualmachinesettingsorusingthesnapshot commands,chooseVM>ACE>ExitAdministratorMode.
Setting Kiosk Mode Policies

WhenanACEinstancerunsinkioskmode,theusercannotaccessthehostsystemat all.Forexample,theusercannotshutdownthehostmachine.Thevirtualmachineruns infullscreenmodeanddoesnotdisplaytheACEmenubarorACEPlayeronlinehelp. IfanACEinstancehasthekioskmodepolicyturnedon,bydefault,amessageappears atstartuptoprovidethefollowinginformation:

Warnstheuserthatthevirtualmachineisabouttogointokioskmode. Tellstheuserwhichkeycombinationtousetoexitkioskmode.Thedefaultisthe hotkeycombinationforungrabbinginputfromavirtualmachine(oftenCtrl+Alt). SeeChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskModeonpage 414. Ifthepolicyincludesanadministratorpassword,tellstheuserthathostaccessis availableonlyiftheuserentersthepasswordafterpressingthekeycombination toexitkioskmode.
VMware, Inc.
413
Whenauserexitskioskmode,thevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended, accordingtotheruntimepreferencepolicyforexitbehavior.PocketACEinstancesare poweredoffandsynchronized.Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theACE Playerpromptstheusertoexitkioskmode. OnLinuxhosts,youmustsetsomeadditionalpropertiesafterinstallingtheACE instance.SeePrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskModeonpage 465. Forinformationaboutstartupoptionsforkioskmode,seeChangeDefaultKiosk ModeStartupBehavioronpage 468andUseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKiosk Modeonpage 470.
Change the Key Combination for Exiting Kiosk Mode

YoucanuseCtrl,Alt,Shift,theWindowskey,oracombinationofthesekeyswitha regularkey. To change the key combination for exiting kiosk mode 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectKioskMode. SelectAlwaysruninkioskmodeandselectCustomhotkeytoexitkioskmode. ClickintheTypehotkeyherefieldandpressakeycombination. Forexample,pressAlt+XratherthantypingthecharactersAlt+X.
Setting Hot-Fix Policies for Standalone ACE Instances

ThispolicyenablesusersofstandaloneACEinstancestorequesthotfixesiftheylose orforgettheACEpassword,trytorunanexpiredACEinstance,ormovea copyprotectedACEinstancetoanewlocation. ToaddressthesetypesofproblemsformanagedratherthanstandaloneACEinstances, usetheVMwareHelpDeskWebapplicationortheinstanceviewinWorkstation.For moreinformation,seetheACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. Thehotfixrequestisafilethattheusermustsubmittoanadministratorforaction.You configurewhethertheusersubmitsthefiletoanadministratormanuallyorthrough emailgeneratedbytheHotFixRequestwizard. Forautomaticallygeneratedemail,theHotFixRequestwizardontheuserscomputer attemptstouseaMAPIemailclientonthehostoperatingsystem.Thehotfixrequest fileisincludedasanattachmenttotheemailmessage.Themessageusestheemail addressandsubjectlinethatyouspecify.
414
VMware, Inc.
Ifyouchooseemailandtheautomaticsubmissionfails,theHotFixRequestwizard allowstheusertosavethehotfixrequestasafile.Theusermustthensendthefileto anadministratormanually. TheadministratorusesWorkstationtorespondtohotfixrequests.SeeRespondto HotFixRequestsonpage 474.
Setting the Policy Update Frequency for Managed ACE Instances

ThispolicycontrolshowoftenanACEinstanceconnectstoACEManagementServer todownloadpolicyupdateswhileitisrunning.Italsocontrolshowlongamanaged ACEinstancecanbeusedifitcannotconnecttoACEManagementServer. ThispolicyappliesonlytomanagedACEinstances.Todeploypolicyupdatesfor standaloneACEinstances,youmustcreatepolicyupdatepackages.Policychangesare appliedwhentheinstanceisstartedaftertheupdatepackageisinstalled. Thesettingsforofflineusageincludetextforwarningandtimeoutmessages.Youcan customizemessagesbyaddingtexttothem.Youcannotedittheexistingstandardtext exceptbyusingthecontrolsonthepaneltochangethenumberofminutes,hours,or daysshown. Policyupdatestakeeffectwhiletheinstanceisrunning,withthefollowingexceptions:
Updatestoaccesscontrolpolicies,whichincludeuserandgrouplists,passwords, andscripts,takeeffectthenexttimetheinstanceispoweredon. Updatestopolicyupdatefrequencypolicies,ifsettoOnlywhentheACEinstance powerson,takeeffectthenexttimetheinstanceispoweredon.
Control Which ACE Instances Run on a Host

Youcansetrestrictionssuchasthefollowing:
SpecifywhethervirtualmachinesthatarenotACEinstancescanrunonthe machine.Thisisahostwidepolicy,whichrequiresanadministratortoinstallthe package. SpecifythatonlyACEinstanceswithaspecificcreatorIDcanrunonthemachine.
YoucancontrolwhichvirtualmachinesandACEinstancescanberunonahostby editingtheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory.
VMware, Inc.
415
Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine, determinewhichACEenabledvirtualmachineyouwanttouseforsettinghostwide policies. To control which ACE instances run on a host 1 2 OntheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled,poweroffandclose theACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfilefortheACEenabledvirtual machine. Thisfileislocatedinthesamedirectoryastheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine. 3 4 (Optional)TospecifythatnonACEvirtualmachinescannotrunonthehost,find theallowVMspropertyandchangeitfrom1to0. FindtherequiredCreatorIDpropertyandsetittoanidentifier. Forexample,tosettherequiredcreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
requiredCreatorID = "creator1"
YousetrequiredCreatorIDonceforeachhost.Youdonotneedtosetthis propertyonotherACEinstancesthatrunonthesamehost. Thisisahostwidepolicy,whichrequiresanadministratortoinstallthepackage. 5 FindthecreatorIDpropertyandsetittothesameidentifier. Forexample,tosetthecreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:

creatorID = "creator1"
OnlyACEinstanceswiththiscreatorIDcanrunonthesamehost. TheIDstringisinplaintextintheaceMaster.datfileontheadministrators machine,butitishiddeninthepolicyfile. IfyoupublishthepolicysetofanACEinstanceto requiredCreator=yourPolicySettingandinstallitonahost,onlyyou(or otherswithaccesstotheadministratorfiles)knowwhatthecreatorIDis.Without knowingtherequiredCreatorpolicysetting,youcannotcreateyourownACE instancethatcanrunonthehost. 6 Dooneofthefollowing:
IfyouarecreatinganewACEinstance,createapackageforthisACEenabled virtualmachineandinstallitontheendusershost.
416
VMware, Inc.
IfyouarecreatinganupdateforastandaloneACEinstance,createanupdate package. IfyouarecreatinganupdateforamanagedACEinstance,openthevirtual machineandpublishthechangestoACEManagementServer.
ChangestotheallowVMspropertyortherequiredCreatorIDpropertyrepresent changestohostwidepolicies.Packagesthatincludethesehostpoliciesrequire administratorprivilegestoinstall. 7 (Optional)IfyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine,do thefollowing: a EdittheaceMaster.datfilefortheotherACEenabledvirtualmachinesand setthecreatorIDpropertytothesamevaluethatyouusedinStep 5. SetonlythecreatorIDpropertyandnottherequiredCreatorIDproperty fortheseothervirtualmachines. b RepeatStep 6.
Writing Plug-In Policy Scripts

YoucanwritescriptstocontrolcertainpoliciesinVMwarePlayer.Youmayuseany languagethatissupportedontheuserscomputer. Forsecurityreasons,scriptsmustbedeployedaspartofapackageandinstalledbythe packageinstaller.Userscannotmodifythesescripts. Whenscriptsrun,theymustwritetheappropriatevaluestotheStdOut file.Outputto theStdOutfilemightbeupto4096byteslong. PlaceanyscriptsyouwanttouseforapackageintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinthe virtualmachinedirectory.DonotplacetheminasubdirectoryoftheACE Resources directory.Ifthescriptsneedanyadditionalresourcefiles,placethosefilesinthemain ACE Resourcesdirectory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethose resources. ScriptscanalsowritemessagestotheStdErrfile.OutputtotheStdErrfilemaybeup to4096byteslong.AnymessagesgeneratedontheStdErrfilearecapturedinthelog fileontheendusersmachineatthefollowinglocation:
<UserAppData>\VMware\VMware ACE\<package_name>\Virtual Machines\<VM_name>\vmware.log
Theexitcodeofascriptindicateswhetherthescriptsucceededorfailed. Table 191describestheenvironmentvariablessetinthescriptexecutionenvironment.
VMware, Inc.
417
Table 19-1. Environment Variables

Variable VMWARE_MASTER_ID VMWARE_PACKAGE_ID VMWARE_INSTANCE_ID Description TheIDoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine(ACEmaster). TheIDofthepackagethevirtualmachinewasinstantiated from. ABooleanvaluethatissettoTRUEthefirsttimethevirtual machineispoweredon.Otherwise,itissettoFALSE.
AllscriptsruneachtimetheenduserstartsVMwarePlayerorresetsthevirtual machine.Somemightrunmoreoften.Forexample,anexpirationscriptisrunevery24 hours. ThesamplescriptspresentedinExamplesofPolicyScriptsonpage 418areinstalled withVMwarePlayerinthefollowinglocation:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player\Samples
Thetopicsthatfollowshowtheformatfortheoutputthatyourscriptsmustwritetothe StdOutfiletocontrolvariouspolicies.
Examples of Policy Scripts

Examplesincludeanauthenticationscript,ahosttoguestdatascript,andapoweron hookscript. SamplescriptsareinstalledwithVMwarePlayerinthefollowinglocation:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player\Samples
Example of an Authentication Script

Thisscriptexampleincludesthebasicelementsrequiredforanyauthenticationscript. Thepurposeofanauthenticationscriptistodooneofthefollowing:
Iftheuseristobegrantedaccesstothevirtualmachine,generatethedatausedto createthekeyforthisuserandsenditasoutput.Thedatamustbeuniqueforeach user.Ifaccessisgranted,theexitcodeis0. Iftheuseristobedeniedaccesstothevirtualmachine,thescriptexitswitha nonzeroexitcode.Thisisareferencetotheexitcode,nottheoutputvalue.
418
VMware, Inc.
Theoutputofthescriptishashedtocreateakeytoencryptanddecryptvirtualmachine files.Thefirsttimethisscriptisrun,theoutputishashedtoencryptthevirtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachineisdecrypted,thescriptmustreturnthesamevalue.Ifthescript returnsadifferentvalue,thevirtualmachineisnotdecryptedandtheuserseesanerror message. Thescriptmayreturnanyvalue.Toensurebestsecurity,avaluethatincludesonly printablecharactersshouldbeatleast32byteslong.Forbinarydata,thevalueshould beatleast16byteslongtoensureproperentropy.TheoutputissenttotheStdOutfile. ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_auth.pl.CompileitwithaPerlinterpretertorunit.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE script authentication Description: This sample script looks up the user as defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME and returns seed data that is used to make a key for authenticationpurposes. It assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns the seed data from a harcoded map of username to seed data. Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful (user is correctly authenticated). -1 if TEST_USERNAME is not set, or the user is unrecognized. Expected output: Seed data for creating script authentication key on stdout. Notes: If the script returns success, its output will be used to create a key. Therefore, it is important that the output of this script be unique for each user, and that there is enough data to make a meaningful key (at least 16 bytes).
my %user_map= ( 'charlie' 'kathy' 'beth' 'ernie'
=> => => =>
'E1C4F612135B4D98A33B2C9BD595025D', 'C79AFFEF773D61225751C2566858DB08', '05B169B439B26AAB2EA4F755B7E3800C', '8CE63D4AA2068BD8AFF2D1B05F3495A5',
VMware, Inc.
419
'bert' );
=> '"172B1619B2EFBE0E4F381AA1C428F049'
my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "You should set the TEST_USERNAME environment variable.\n"; exit(-1); }
my $key_seed = $user_map{$username}; if (! defined $key_seed) { print "Unrecognized username.\n"; exit(-1); } print $key_seed; exit(0);
Example of a Host to Guest Data Script

ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_hostdata.pl.YouneedaPerlinterpretertorunthisscript.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE Host-Guest Data script Description: This sample script passes information defined on the host to the guest. It assumes that the machine name is defined in the environment variable TEST_MACHINENAME and that the asset tag is defined in the environment variable TEST_ASSETTAG. (These are fictitious variables used for this # # sample). Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful. Expected output: Set of acceptable key/value pairs where the values are fetched from the environment variables. These values can be retrieved from within the Guest operating system using the VMware Tools.
my $machine_name = $ENV{TEST_MACHINENAME}; my $asset_tag = $ENV{TEST_ASSETTAG}; my $host_mac = $ENV{TEST_MACHINEMAC};
420
VMware, Inc.
if (defined $machine_name) { print "machine.id = " . $machine_name . "\n"; } if (defined $asset_tag) { print "guestinfo.assetTag = " . $asset_tag . "\n"; } if (defined $host_mac) { printf "guestinfo.mac = " . $host_mac . "\n"; } exit(0);
Example of a Power-On Hook Script

ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_poweron.pl.YouneedaPerlinterpretertorunthisscript.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE power-on hook Description: This sample script implements a power-on hook for ACE. This can be used in addition to authentication to control the circumstances under which an ACE is allowed to run. This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE";
VMware, Inc.
421
exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
Customizing the VMware Player Interface on Windows Hosts Only

YoucancustomizeseveralaspectsoftheVMwarePlayeruserinterfaceforACE instancesthatrunonWindowshosts.Yousavethesecustomizationsinatextfileand identifythattextfile,calledtheskinfile.
Create and Specify a Skin File

AskinfilecontainsparametersettingsforcustomizingtheVMwarePlayeruser interface.Usethisfiletochangeapplicationicons,thetextthatappearsinthetitlebar, andtochangethewayremovabledevicesarepresented. ThisfeatureisavailableonlyforVMwarePlayerrunningonWindowshosts. To create and specify a skin file 1 Useatexteditortocreateaskinfilethatincludestheparameterstocustomize. Useonelineforeachparameterandusethefollowingform:
<parameter> = "<value>"
Foralistofvaluestouseinparameters,seeTable 192,Table 193,andTable 194. Tocommentoutalineintheskinfile,beginthelinewiththepound(#)sign. 2 Savetheskinfilewiththefilenameskin.txtintheACE Resourcesdirectoryin thevirtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Thefilenamemustbeskin.txt. 3 (Optional)TodisplayapplicationiconsotherthantheVMwarePlayericon,place thenew.icoiconfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory. Foriconssizesandskinfileparameters,seeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayer Iconsonpage 423.
422 VMware, Inc.
4 5
InWorkstation,closetheACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory andaddthefollowingline:

vmplayer.skin = "skin.txt"
BecausetheskinfileisintheACE Resourcesdirectory,youdonotneedtospecify thedirectorypathtothefile. 6 7 SaveandclosetheaceMaster.datfile. (Optional)Todeterminewhethertheparametersaresetcorrectly,previewthe virtualmachineinVMwarePlayer. SeeUsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 441.
Customizing the VMware Player Icons

VMwarePlayerhasseparatelargeandsmallapplicationicons.Thelargeiconisused intheapplicationswitchinginterface(visiblewhenyoupressAlt+Tab).Thesizeofthe largeiconisusually32x32pixels,butVMwarePlayeruseswhateversizeisspecifiedfor iconsizeinthesystempreference.Thesmall(16x16pixels)iconisusedintheVMware PlayertitlebarandontheWindowstaskbarbuttonforVMwarePlayer. Theiconsusedforthesepurposesmustbein.ico file formatandlocatedintheACE Resourcessubdirectoryinthevirtualmachinedirectory.Theapplicableparametersin theskinfileincludethefollowing:
player.iconSmall = "<filename>" player.iconLarge = "<filename>"
One.icofilecancontainmultipleiconsofdifferentsizes.Youcanspecifythesame .icofileforplayer.iconSmallandplayer.iconLarge.VMwarePlayerextractsthe iconoftheappropriatesizeforeachuse.
Customizing the Title Bar Text

YoucanspecifywhattextappearsintheVMwarePlayertitlebar.Youcanalsospecify thefontandfontsizeusedtodisplaythetext. Thetextdisplayedinthetitlebarconsistsofthreesections:aprefix,thevirtualmachine name,andasuffix.TheparameterslistedinTable 192allowyoutosetanyprefixand suffix,ortoomittheprefix,thesuffix,orboth.Theyalsoallowyoutoincludeoromit thevirtualmachinename. Ifyouleavethedefaultsforallvalues,thetitlebardisplaysonlythevirtualmachine nameat32pointsintheMSShellDlgfont.
VMware, Inc.
423
Table 192describestheVMwarePlayertitletextparameters. Table 19-2. VMware Player Title Text Parameters

Parameter player.title.prefix player.title.useVMName player.title.suffix player.title.font.face player.title.font.size Type string Boolean string string integer Default TRUE MSShellDlg 32 Controls Titlebarprefix Whetherthevirtual machinenameisdisplayed Titlebarsuffix Fontname(thefontmustbe ontheuserscomputer) Pointsizeforthetext
Customizing the Removable Device Display

RemovabledevicesarerepresentedintheVMwarePlayerinterfaceeitherbybuttons onatoolbarorbymenuitemsonaDevicesmenu.Youcanspecifythetypeofdisplay. Youcanalsospecifytext,icon,oracombinationofthetwoandspecifycustomicons. Ifyouusecustomicons,copytheiconfilestotheACE Resourcesdirectoryinthe virtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. SettingsyoumakeintheskinfileoverrideanysettingstheusermakesintheVMware Playerpreferencesdialogbox. Usethefollowingparametertocontrolwhetherdevicesareshownastoolbaritems:
player.deviceBar.toplevel = [TRUE | FALSE]
SettheparametertoTRUEforatoolbarorFALSEforamenu. UsetheparametersshowninTable 193tocustomizethedisplayforeachremovable deviceconfiguredinthevirtualmachine. Table 19-3. Removable Devices Parameters

Parameter player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonStyle player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonText Type string(text,icon, texticon) string Default text Userfriendly devicename Controls Appearanceoftoolbar buttonormenuitem Textthatappearsonthe toolbarbuttonormenu itemwhendeviceis connected
424
VMware, Inc.
Table 19-3. Removable Devices Parameters (Continued)

Parameter player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonTextD isconnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltip player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltipDisc onnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.icon player.deviceBar. <deviceName>iconDisconne cted player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.shortcutKey keySpec filename(optional) filename Iconrepresenting thistypeofdevice Normalicon string(optional) Normaltooltip string Type string(optional) Default Normalbuttontext Controls Textthatappearsonthe toolbarbuttonormenu itemwhendeviceis disconnected Textthatappearsinthe tooltipwhendeviceis connected Textthatappearsinthe tooltipwhendeviceis disconnected Customiconfilewhen deviceisconnected Customiconfilewhen deviceisdisconnected Shortcutkeycombination toswitchthedevice betweenconnectedand disconnected(see ShortcutKeyValueson page 425)
Followingarethedevicenamesyoucanusefor<deviceName>intheparametername:

floppy0,floppy1 serial0,serial1,serial2,serial3 parallel0,parallel1,parallel2 ide0:0,ide0:1,ide1:0,ide1:1(IDECDROMorharddrives) scsi0:0scsi0:7(SCSICDROMorharddrives)
Shortcut Key Values

Usevirtualkeycodestospecifykeyboardshortcuts.Virtualkeycodesusehexadecimal format,whichisahexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,tousethevirtual keycodeof5Aasavalue,type0x5A. MicrosoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodesonitsMSDNWebsite.
VMware, Inc.
425
YoucanalsousetheCtrl,Alt,andShiftmodifierkeys,oracombinationofthosekeys. Table 194providestheshortcutkeyvalues. Table 19-4. Shortcut Key Values

.
Modifier key Nomodifier Alt Ctrl Shift Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift
Value 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x4 0x3 0x5 0x6 0x7
Whenyoulistakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedby acomma,followedbythevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalue entryforCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6. Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningshortcutkeys:

DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey. IfyouuseF12,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.YoucannotuseF12alone. YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.You canusethesekeysonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey.
Sample Skin File

player.title.prefix = "Our Company <<" player.title.suffix = ">> Environment" # player.title.useVMName = FALSE # player.deviceBar.toplevel = TRUE player.deviceBar.floppy0.buttonStyle = "icon" player.deviceBar.floppy0.buttonText = "First Floppy Drive" player.deviceBar.floppy0.shortcutKey = "0x30,0x7" player.deviceBar.floppy0.icon = "custom-floppy.ico" player.deviceBar.floppy0.tooltip = "Click to disconnect" player.deviceBar.floppy0.tooltipDisconnected = "Click to connect" # player.deviceBar.ethernet0.buttonStyle = "icon" # player.deviceBar.ide1:0.buttonStyle = "icon" # player.deviceBar.audio.buttonStyle = "icon"
426
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
427
428
VMware, Inc.
20
Deploying ACE Packages
20
ThischapterprovidesinstructionsforspecifyingdeploymentsettingsforACE packages,creatingACEpackages,anddeployingpackagestoendusers.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

EditDeploymentSettingsonpage 429 ACEResourcesDirectoryonpage 439 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachineonpage 440 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 441 CreatingaPackageonpage 443 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 448 DeployPackagesonpage 449
Edit Deployment Settings

Deploymentsettingsenableyoutoconfigurepackagecharacteristics,suchasinstance customizationandencryption,andthenapplythosesettingstoasmanypackagesas youchoose.Changestodeploymentsettingsaffectonlypackagescreatedafterthe changesaremade.Theydonotapplytoexistingpackages. Beforeyoucanusethedeploymentsettingseditoronavirtualmachine,youmust enableACEfeaturesforthatvirtualmachine.SeeOverviewofCreatingand DeployingACEPackagesonpage 380.
VMware, Inc.
429
To edit deployment settings 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Deployment Settings. Inthedeploymentsettingseditor,selectanitemintheSettinglist. CompletethesettingspanelforthatdeploymentsettingandclickOKorselect anothersettingtoedit. Forassistancewiththefieldsonasettingspanel,clickHelp.
Encryption Settings
Encryptionsettingsareoftwotypes:
PackageprotectionProtectspackagefilesfrombeingcopiedoralteredwhilein transit.IfyousetpackageprotectiontoEncrypted,theNewPackagewizard encryptsthevirtualmachinewhenapackageiscreated. InstanceprotectionProtectsACEinstancefilesfrombeingcopiedoralteredafter installationandactivation.Youmustspecifyanauthenticationmethodifyouwant theinstallertoencrypttheACEinstance.
Theactivationandauthenticationpoliciesyouchoosedeterminewhichdefault encryptionsettingsareappliedtothepackageandfiles.SeeSettingAccessControl Policiesonpage 387.VMwarerecommendsthesedefaultsettingsforproduction environments.Thefilesdonotneedtobeencryptedwhenyoudeployapackageina testenvironment. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionsettingstoNone,anyverificationspecifiedinthe resourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackagesettingoverridesthe resourcesigningpolicysetting.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 396.
Package Lifetime Settings

YoucanspecifyatimeperiodduringwhichanACEpackageisinstallable.Ifauser attemptstoinstallapackageoutsideofthistimeperiod,anerrormessageappearsand thepackageisnotinstalled. Theadministratorcanchangethepackagelifetimesettingsonmanagedpackageseven afterpackagecreation.
430
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 20 Deploying ACE Packages
Change Package Lifetime Settings for a Managed Package

IfyouusetheACEManagementServer,youcanchangethepackagelifetimesettings ordeactivateapackageimmediately. Beforeyoubegin,makesureWorkstationisconnectedtotheACEManagementServer. Forinformationaboutinstallingandsettinguptheserver,seetheACEManagement ServerAdministratorsGuide. To change package lifetime settings for a managed package 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseView>CurrentView> Summary. ClickthePackagessectiontab. Rightclickthepackageanddooneofthefollowing:

TochangethepackagelifetimesettingschooseProperties>Settings. TodeactivatethepackageimmediatelychooseDeactivate.
Instance Customization on Windows Hosts Only

InstancecustomizationappliesonlytoACEinstancesthathaveaWindowsguest operatingsysteminstalled.Theinstancecustomizationprocessisbuiltaroundthe standardMicrosoftSysprepdeploymenttools.Itprovidesthefollowingbenefits:
AutomatestheSysprepprocess(theuseoftheMicrosoftSysprepdeployment tools).ItgivesyoubettercontrolofsomeSysprepparameters,suchascomputer name. AutomatesjoiningACEinstancestoadomainfromaremotesite.SeeSetUpa RemoteDomainJoinonpage 437. FormanagedACEinstances,theinstancecustomizationprocessontheusers machinereportsthesuccessorfailureoftheprocesstotheserver.Theinformation isavailableintheinstanceviewofWorkstation.Besidesstatus,theprocessalso reportstheMACaddressandthenewcomputername.
VMware, Inc.
431
Instance Customization Process During Packaging

Ifyouspecifyinstancecustomizationdeploymentsettings,thefollowingeventsoccur whenyoucompletetheNewPackagewizard: 1 2 AsnapshotoftheACEenabledvirtualmachineistakenandsaved. TheACEenabledvirtualmachineispoweredon,andalltherequireddeployment toolsandfiles,includingtheappropriateMicrosoftSyspreptools,arecopiedinto theguest. Novisibleindicationshowsthecopyingprocess.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoft SysprepDeploymentToolsonpage 433. 3 4 5 TheMicrosoftdeploymenttoolsruninsidetheguestoperatingsystemtosealthe guestandpreparefordeployment. Theguestoperatingsystemshutsdown. TheACEenabledvirtualmachineisclonedintothepackagedirectory. Thevirtualmachinefilesarecopiedintothedirectory,encryptedifsettodoso,and dividedtobeputonmediaifsettodoso. 6 7 8 TheACEenabledvirtualmachinerevertstothesnapshot. Thesnapshotisdeleted. Theinstallerfilesarecopiedintothepackagedirectory.
Instance Customization on the End Users Machine

OntheACEusersmachine,aftertheinstallationandinstanceactivation,thefollowing eventsoccur: 1 2 Allinformationrequiredforresolvingplaceholdervariablesisobtained. PlaceholdervariablesareresolvedandreplacedwiththeactualvaluesfortheACE instance. SeePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstanceCustomizationonpage 435. 3 TheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessrunsunattended. IftheMiniSetupprocessfails,theACEinstanceshutsdown. 4 (Optional)Additionalcommandstoexecuteotherscriptsthatyouspecifiedinthe instancecustomizationdeploymentsettingsareexecuted.
432
VMware, Inc.
(Optional)Ifyouconfiguredaremotedomainjoin,thesoftwareexecutesthescript youspecified,connectstheACEinstancetotheVPNserver,andjoinsthevirtual machinetothedomain. SeeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 437.
Formanagedinstances,instancecustomizationisreportedtotheserverifitis successful.
Prerequisites for Using Instance Customization

InstancecustomizationisavailableforbothmanagedandstandaloneACEinstances. Beforeyouspecifyinstancecustomizationsettings,performthefollowingtasks:
InstallaWindows2000,XPProfessional,Server2003,orVistaguestoperating systemonanACEenabledvirtualmachine. InstallthelatestversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystem.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102. DownloadtheMicrosoftSyspreptools.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoftSysprep DeploymentToolsonpage 433. Gatherthefollowinginformation:

TheWindowsproductIDfortheguestoperatingsysteminstallation. IftheACEinstancewillbejoinedtoadomain(whethertheinstanceislocalor remotetothedomain),theusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. RemotedomainjoinparametersifaremoteACEinstancewillbejoinedtoa domain.SeeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 437.
Download the Microsoft Sysprep Deployment Tools

YoudonotneedtodownloadMicrosoftSysprepdeploymenttoolsifyouhavea WindowsVistaandWindows7operatingsystem.TheyareincludedwiththeWindows VistaandWindows7installation. To download the Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 1 2 GototheMicrosoftWebsiteandsearchforSysprepdeploymenttools. FollowtheinstructionsonthesitefordownloadingtheSysprepdeploymenttools.
VMware, Inc.
433
Downloadallversionsthatcorrespondtotheguestoperatingsystemsthatyou plantodeploy.ThesetoolsincludeSysprepdeploymenttoolsforWindows2000, Windows2003,andWindowsXPProfessionalSP1andSP2.TheSP1versionworks withWindowsXPProfessionalwithnoservicepackandWindowsXPProfessional SP1. 3 Unzipthefilesintothecorrespondingversionspecificdirectoryinthe Resources\SysprepToolsdirectory. Forexample,forWindowsXPSP3,unzipthefilesto:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Resources\SysprepTools\xpsp3
Specify Deployment Settings for Instance Customization

Beforeyoubegin,installallrequiredfilesforcustomizationscripts.SeePrerequisites forUsingInstanceCustomizationonpage 433. To specify deployment settings for instance customization 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Deployment Settings. SelectInstanceCustomizationandcompletethesettingspanel. SelectSystemOptionsandcompletethesettingspanel. Usethefollowinginformationtocompletethefields:
SystemoptionsYoucanuseplaceholdervariablesforthesystemname, organizationname,andcomputername.Fordetailsontheplaceholder variables,includinganexample,seePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstance Customizationonpage 435. CAUTIONTheMiniSetupprocessfailsifyouenteradministratorinthe NamefieldortheComputerNamefieldorforWindowsVistaandWindows 7guests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15characters. Ifyousetthe%logon_user%placeholderinthosefieldsandtheplaceholder variableresolvestoadministrator,thesoftwareautomaticallychangesthe valuetoarandomalphanumericstringof10characters.
SecurityIDAnewSIDisalwaysgeneratedforWindowsVistaand Windows7guests,regardlessofthesettingyouchoosehere.
SelectInitializationScriptsandtypetheadditionalcommandstorunscriptsinthe guestoperatingsystemattheendoftheMiniSetupprocessontheACEusers machine.

VMware, Inc.
434
Formoreinformationaboutcommands,seetheMicrosoftdeploymenttools documentation. Specifythepathtothebatchfilewithoutusingquotationmarks.Quotationmarks areaddedautomatically.Formoreinformation,seetheMicrosoftknowledgebase articleabouttroubleshootingCmdlines.textduringanunattendedsetup. 5 SelectWorkgrouporDomainandcompletethesettingspanelusingthefollowing information:
InstancecustomizationsupportsonlyIPaddressesthatDHCPservers provide.StaticIPaddressesarenotsupported. ToallowthisACEinstancetojointhedomainfromalocationremotetothe domain,seeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 437.
SpecifyothertypesofdeploymentsettingsorclickOK.
Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 443.
Placeholder Values to Use in Instance Customization

Useplaceholdervaluestoconstructmachinespecificnamesinsidetheguestoperating systemduringtheMiniSetupprocess. Followingaretheavailableplaceholders:
%logon_user%or%logon_user(n)% Theuserloggedintothehostmachineat thetimetheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessbegins. Youcanuse%logon_user(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualloggedinuserwhenthenameisresolved.Use<n>ifyou theusernamemustberesolvedtonomorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual usernameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %logon_user(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%logon_user% orif youset<n>tozero(0),theplaceholderresolvestothefullloggedinusername.
%host_name% or %host_name(n)% Thenameofthehostcomputer(usually usedwithsomeadditionalrandomnumberorname).
VMware, Inc.
435
Youcanuse%host_name(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualcomputerhostnamewhenthenameisresolved.Use<n> ifthehostnamemustberesolvedtonotmorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual hostnameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheComputerNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %host_name(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%host_name%,orif youset<n>tozero(thatis,theplaceholderresolvestothefullhostname.
%random_alpha_digit(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringoflettersand numbers,where<n>isthenumberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. %random_alpha(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringofletters,where<n>isthe numberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. %random_digit(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringofnumericcharacters,where <n>isthenumberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>.
ForWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15 characters,theMiniSetupprocessfailsontheusermachine.
Specify Additional License Information for Windows Server Products

TosupplyadditionallicenseinformationforWindowsServerproducts,youcanadda filenamedsysprep_license.txttotheACEenabledvirtualmachinedirectory. To specify additional license information for Windows Server products 1 2 Useatexteditortocreateafilenamedsysprep_license.txtinthevirtual machinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
AutoMode=[PerSeat | PerServer]
Thislineindicateswhetherthelicenseisforoneclientlicenseorforacertain numberofclientlicensesforaserver. 3 IfAutoModeissettoPerServer,addthefollowinglinetothefile,where<n> indicatesthenumberofclientlicensesfortheserver:

AutoUsers=<n>
Formoreinformation,gototheMicrosoftTechNetWebsiteandintheWindowsServer Library,searchfor[LicenseFilePrintData](Sysprep).
436
VMware, Inc.
Ifthisfileisnotfoundinthevirtualmachinedirectory,adefaultisused.AutoModeis settoPerServerwith5clientlicenses. Ifyousupplythisfile,thelicenseportionoftheMiniSetupprocessappearsunchanged duringpreview.YoualwaysseeAutoMode=PerServerandAutoUsers=5inthe MiniSetupuserinterface.Thelicenseinformationyousupplyisneverthelessset correctlybytheMiniSetupprocess.
Set Up a Remote Domain Join

TheremotedomainjoinfeatureprovidesanautomatedwaytojoinACEinstancestoa domainfromaremotesite. AftertheACEpackageisinstalledontheendusersmachineandtheACEinstanceis activatedandauthenticated,theMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessruns.Thescriptfor joiningtheremoteACEinstancetothedomainexecutesattheendofthatprocess,and themachineisjoinedtothedomain. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
DeterminewhichVPNclienttodownload.TheVPNclientmustsupporta commandlineinterfacesothatascriptcanbeusedforloggingintotheVPN server.YoumightneedtocontacttheVPNproductstechnicalsupporttofindout whethertheVPNclientsupportsacommandlineinterface. ObtainaVPNaccountforloggingintotheserver.Credentialsincludeausername andpassword.Randomlygeneratedsecuritytokenscannotbeusedaspasswords. Forexample,youcannotuseanRSAsecuritytoken. DeterminethefollowinginformationtousefortheVPNclientprofile:the companysgroupandpasswordinformationandthenameoftheVPNserverto contacttoestablishasecureconnection. DeterminethenameofthedomainthatyouplantoaddtheACEinstanceto. Determinetheusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothedomain.
To set up a remote domain join 1 2 IntheguestoperatingsystemoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine,installaVPN clientthatsupportsacommandlineinterface. UsetheVPNclientsoftwaretoconfigureaprofileforthisclient. TheprofileintheVPNclientcontainsacompanysgroupandpassword informationanddetermineswhichservertocontacttoestablishasecure connection.
VMware, Inc.
437
Writea.batscriptthatallowsremoteexecutionduringtheinstancecustomization process. Followingisanexampleofa.batscriptforaCiscoVPNclient:

"net" start "Cisco Systems, Inc. VPN Service" "C:\Program Files\Cisco Systems\VPN Client\vpnclient.exe" connect <profile_name> user <vpn_user_name> pwd %1 >> vpnlogs.txt
Thisexampleconsistsoftwolines.ThecommandinthefirstlinestartstheCisco VPNclientsbackgroundservice.Thecommandinthesecondlineconnectstothe CiscoVPNusingacommandlineinterface.ItsuppliesthenameoftheVPNprofile andthecredentialsforloggingintotheVPNserver.Theexampleusesthe passwordplaceholdervariable,butyoucouldalsouseastaticpasswordforthe VPNaccount.Astaticpasswordincludedinascriptissentincleartext. 4 5 6 7 Savethe.batfileontheC:driveoftheguestsfilesystem. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> DeploymentSettings. SelectWorkgrouporDomain. Inthesettingspanel,selectDomainandspecifyanorganizationalunitanduser nameforanaccountthathaspermissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. AnexampleofanentryintheOUfullpathfileis OU=orgunits,DC=dpt,DC=domain,DC=com. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineismanaged,passwordsandcommandsare storedonACEManagementServer. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineisstandalone,passwordsandcommandsare storedwiththepackage.Besuretouseencryptionforthepackage. 8 9 SelectEnableRemoteDomainJoin. SpecifythepasswordforloggingintotheVPNserver. Youcanthenusethe%password%placeholdervariableintheCommandtextbox torefertothispassword. 10 Enterthecommandthatexecutesthescript. Forexample,ifyounamethe.batscriptvpn.batandwanttousethepassword placeholdervariable,enterthefollowingcommand:
C:\vpn.bat%password%
438
VMware, Inc.
Ifyouuseapasswordplaceholdervariable(%password%)intheCommandfield, theplaceholdervariableisresolvedandreplacedwiththevaluefromthe Passwordfieldwhenthescriptexecutes. 11 ClickOK.
Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 443.
Custom EULA Settings

Youcanprovideacustomenduserlicenseagreement(EULA)thatappearswhenan ACEinstanceisactivated.Theusermustseeandaccepttheagreementbeforethe instancecanrunforthefirsttime. ThecustomEULAmustbeatextfilelocatedintheACE Resourcesdirectoryforthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine.Thefilecanusethefollowingformats:

ForWindowshosts,usea.txtor.rtffile. ForLinuxhosts,usea.txtfile. IfyouplantodeploythepackagetobothWindowsandLinuxcomputers,usea .txtfile.
TospecifywhethertodeploytoWindowshosts,Linuxhosts,orboth,usethe DeploymentPlatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditor.
Deployment Platform Settings

Bydefault,ACEpackagesarecreatedforWindowshosts.Changethissettingtodeploy toLinuxorbothLinuxandWindowshosts.
ACE Resources Directory

TheACE ResourcesdirectoryisasubdirectoryoftheACEenabledvirtualmachines directory.AllfilesplacedinthisdirectoryarecopiedintotheACEpackagesothatthey canbeusedinendusersvirtualmachines. PlacethefollowingtypesoffilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory:
Authenticationscripts SeeUsinganAuthenticationScriptonpage 389.
Poweronandpoweroffscripts SeeIncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackageonpage 390.
VMware, Inc.
Otherresourcefilesthatauthentication,poweron,orpoweroffscriptscall
439
DevicefilessuchasISOimagesorFLPimagesthatthevirtualmachineis configuredtopointto Theskinfile,whichyoucancreatetocustomizetheVMwarePlayericons, removabledeviceicons,andtitlebartextusedintheVMwarePlayeruserinterface onWindowsguests SeeCreateandSpecifyaSkinFileonpage 422.
IconfilesforremovabledevicesortheVMwarePlayerapplication SeeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIconsonpage 423andCustomizingthe RemovableDeviceDisplayonpage 424.
CustomEULAs SeeCustomEULASettingsonpage 439.
WhenyouusetheACE Resourcesdirectory,takethefollowingconsiderationsinto account:
DonotplacefilesinasubdirectoryoftheACE Resourcesdirectory.Ifscriptsor skinfilesreferenceotherfiles,placethoseotherfilesinthemainACE Resources directory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethoseresources. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcesdirectory.Youcanspecify whethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectoryorjustthepolicyscripts inthatdirectory.Formoreinformation,seeSettingResourceSigningPolicieson page 396.
IfyouchangeapolicyorpackagesettingthatrequirestheACE Resources directory,youmustcreateanupdatepackagetodeploythechangetoendusers.
Review the Configuration of an ACE-Enabled Virtual Machine

TofinishpreparingyourACEenabledvirtualmachineanditsfilesforpackaging, reviewitsconfigurationandpoliciesandensurethattheappropriateoperatingsystem andsoftwareareinstalledinit.
440
VMware, Inc.
To review the configuration of an ACE-enabled virtual machine 1 VerifythattheACEenabledvirtualmachinehasthenecessaryoperatingsystem, applicationsoftware,andVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 102.Forguestoperatingsystemsupport, knownissues,andinstallationinstructions,seetheonlineVMwareCompatibility Guide.GototheVMwareWebsiteandselectResources>CompatibilityGuides, andclicktheViewtheGuest/HostOStabontheVMwareCompatibilityGuide Websitelink. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Toreviewconfigurationsettings,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineand chooseView>CurrentView>Summary. Toreviewvirtualmachinedevicesandvirtualhardware,clicktheDevicestabin thesummaryview. Toreviewvirtualmachineconfigurationoptions,clicktheOptionstab. Tomakechangestodevicesoroptions,clickEditvirtualmachinesettingsinthe Commandslist. Toreviewpoliciesanddeploymentsettings,clicktheACEtab. Tomakechangestopoliciesordeploymentsettings,clickEditpoliciesorEdit deploymentsettingsintheCommandslist.
Use Preview Mode to Test Policy and Deployment Settings

Previewmodeenablesyoutoseetheeffectsofchangedpolicieswithouthavingto packageanddeploythem.Previewmodealsoenablesyoutoseetheeffectsofsetup choiceswithouthavingtocreate,deploy,andinstallafullpackage. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthesettingsanddeploymentplatformsyouwanttotest areappropriateforpreviewmode.BecauseACEfeaturesareavailableonlyinthe WindowsversionofWorkstation,youcannotusepreviewmodetorunACEinstances createdforLinuxhosts.Youalsocannottestahostpolicyinpreviewmode.TotestACE instancesthatyouplantodeployonLinuxhosts,orforwhichyouwanttotestahost policy,seePerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 448. YoucanruntheACEinstanceinpreviewmodeinVMwarePlayerandalsorunthe ACEenabledvirtualmachineinWorkstationwithouthavingtoshutdownthe preview.
VMware, Inc.
441
NOTEYoucanrunanyACEenabledvirtualmachinedirectlyinWorkstationtobesure thattheguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsperformasexpected.However,an ACEenabledvirtualmachinerunninginWorkstationdoesnotrespectanypoliciesthat restrictitsfunctionality. To use preview mode to test policy and deployment settings 1 2 3 4 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetotest. Inthesummaryview,clickEditpoliciesintheCommandslist. InthePolicylist,selectthepolicytochange,completethesettingspanelforthat policy,andclickOK. Inthesummaryview,clickthePreviewinPlayerintheCommandslist. Apackagebasedonalinkedcloneiscreatedinanewdirectory,Preview Deployment,insidetheACEenabledvirtualmachinesdirectory.Thelinkedclone iscreatedfromasnapshotofthevirtualmachinescurrentstate.Unlikeapackage thatisdeployedtoanACEusersmachine,thispackageisnotinstalled. VMwarePlayerallowsyoutoactivateandauthenticatetheACEinstance(ifthose policiesareset).Ifconfigured,instancecustomizationisalsoperformed.Theguest operatingsystemstarts. 5 TestthepolicychangeintherunningACEinstancetoensurethatitistheoneyou wanttomake. PreviewmodeenablesVMwarePlayertoruninteractivelysothatyoucanseeany instancecustomizationerrorsandmakecorrectionsasneeded. 6 (Optional)Tomakeadditionalchangestopoliciesordeploymentsettings,shut downthevirtualmachineandrepeatthisprocedure. YoucanhaveonlyonepreviewinstanceperACEenabledvirtualmachine.When youclickPreviewinPlayerasecondorsubsequenttime,amessageasksifyou wanttoreplacethecurrentpreviewinstancewithanewdeploymentorusethe existingdeployment. Tochangeonlypoliciesandnotrepeattheactivationandinstancecustomization steps,usetheexistingdeployment. 7 IfACEManagementServerismanagingthevirtualmachine,clickPublish PoliciestoServer.
442
VMware, Inc.
Creating a Package
AfteryoucreateanACEenabledvirtualmachineandconfigurepolicies,devices,and deploymentsettings,usetheNewPackagewizardtocreateapackagethatyoucan deploytousers. NOTETocreateaPocketACEpackagefordistributiononportabledevices,usethe PocketACEPackagewizardratherthantheNewPackagewizard.SeeCreateaPocket ACEPackageonpage 454. ForpackagesthatyouplantodeploytoWindowshosts,youcanspecifythatthe packageistobedistributedthroughanetworkimageorthroughDVDsorCDs.For DVDandCDdistribution,thepackageisdividedintofilesthatfitonstandarddiscs.
Overview of Package Creation and Validation

DependingonwhetheryouwanttodeployanewACEinstanceorupdateaninstalled one,youcancreateanyofthefollowingtypesofpackages:
FullIncludesaninstallerandtheadditionalfilesneededtoinstallanACE packageandtheVMwarePlayerapplicationthatrunstheACEinstance.Afull packageallowsyoutocreateacompletelynewACEinstance. CAUTIONIfyoureplaceanexistingACEinstancebysupplyinganewfull package,endusersloseanydataorcustomsettingsstoredintheolderACE instance.
PolicyUpdateorServerUpdateIncludesjustthepolicyrelatedfiles.

ForstandaloneACEenabledvirtualmachines,theoptionisPolicyUpdate. Formanagedvirtualmachines,itisServerUpdate. Amongotherpolicies,aserverupdatepackageallowsyoutochangethe serverthattheACEenabledvirtualmachineisassociatedwithorchangean activationonlyserversetuptoanactivationandtrackingsetup.
CustomAllowsyoutochoosespecificitemstodeploy. PocketACEThecomponentsforaPocketACEpackagevaryslightlyfromthose forthefullpackage.ForinformationaboutthePocketACEpackage,seeCreatea PocketACEPackageonpage 454.
ThedeploymentsettingsanddevicesettingsthatyoualreadysetforanACEenabled virtualmachineallowyoutocreatemultiplepackagesquickly.Youcanusethesame settingsagainandagain.

VMware, Inc. 443
PackagevalidationoccursafteryoucompletetheNewPackagewizard.Package validationdoesthefollowing:
ChecksthatallfilesthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinerequiresarepresent. Thosefilesinclude:

Diskandsnapshotfiles Scriptfiles(ifanypolicyisusingscripts)
NOTEPackagevalidationdoesnotcheckfordevicefiles(ISOimages,FLPimages, andsoon).Toincludedevicefilesinthepackage,putthefilesintheACE ResourcesfolderfortheACEenabledvirtualmachineandsetthedevicestopoint tothatlocation.
ChecksthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbecloned:thatitispoweredoff, multiplesnapshotsareenabled,anditisnotreadonly. ChecksthatthelatestversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled. Ifinstancecustomizationisenabled,checksthattheSysprepToolsdirectoryfor theACEenabledvirtualmachinesguestoperatingsystemisnotempty. IftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindows2003, checksthatthefoldersintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Resources\SysprepToolsfolderarenotempty.
YoucandeployapackageoveranetworkoronDVDorCD.Ifyoudeploythepackage ondiscs,thefirstdiscofthesetincludestheAutorunfilesneededtostarttheinstaller automaticallywhentheuserinsertsthediscinthehostcomputersdrive.
Turn Off the VMware Tools Check for Test Deployments

IfyoudonothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalledintheguestoperating system,thewizardfailstocreatethepackage.Tocreatepackageswithoutinstallingthe latestVMwareToolsversioneachtimeforexample,ifyouwanttoperformatest deploymentyoucanturnofftheVMwareToolscheck. To turn off the VMware Tools check for test deployments 1 CloseWorkstation. Useatexteditortoopenthepreferences.inifile,whichislocatedinthe followingdirectory:
C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\VMware
Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
444
VMware, Inc.
pref.ignoreToolsPkgCheck = "TRUE"
SettingthislinetoFALSEreinstatestheVMwareToolscheck. 3 Saveandclosethepreferences.ini file.
Beforeyoucreatepackagesthatyouplantodeployinproductionenvironments, reinstatetheVMwareToolscheck.
Prerequisites for Using the Packaging Wizards

ThefollowingprerequisitesapplytotheNewPackagewizardandthePocketACE Packagewizard:
EnsurethattheguestoperatingsystemandthemostrecentversionofVMware ToolsareinstalledintheACEenabledvirtualmachine.SeeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 102. Defragmentvirtualdiskstoensurethatthepackageisascompactaspossible.See DefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 235. PreviewtheACEinstancetoverifythatallsettingsareworkingcorrectly.SeeUse PreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 441. Determinethepasswordsusedforthepoliciesanddeploymentsettings.Thesecan includethefollowing:

ActivationpasswordAccesscontrolpolicyissettoPassword. DomainjoincredentialsAccesscontrolpolicyfortheACEinstanceissetto Password,andtheInstanceCustomizationdeploymentsettingforDomain isenabled.Thispasswordisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothisdomain. RemotedomainjoincredentialsandVPNcredentialsTheInstance CustomizationdeploymentsettingsforDomainandEnableremotedomain joinareenabled.Thedomainpasswordisfortheuseraccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothisdomain.ThepasswordintheRemote domainjoinsectionisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoaccessthe VPNserver.
Verifythatyouhaveenoughdiskspacefortemporaryfilescreatedduring packaging.Youmusthavetwicethecombinedsizesofallthecomponentsofthe package.
VMware, Inc.
445
Thewizarddisplaysinformationabouttheamountofspaceneededandthe locationswherethespaceisneeded.Ifyoudonothaveenoughfreespace,youcan moveordeletefilesonthetargetdrivestomakeroomforthewizardsworking files.
Determinethetypeofpackageyouwanttodeploy:full,update,orcustom.See OverviewofPackageCreationandValidationonpage 443. TodistributethepackageonDVDsorCDs,determinehowmuchdiskspaceis available.Youcanthenspecifythemaximumfilesizeusedwhenthepackageis dividedintomultiplefiles.
Touseinstancecustomization,verifythatthefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied:
MakesurethattheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows2000,or WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,orWindows7. CopytheMicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolsintothecorrectfolderforthe virtualmachine.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolson page 433. Ifthesetoolsarenotavailable,thepackagingoperationfails.Thefailuremightnot occuruntilwellintothepackagingprocessandmightcauseyoutolosesubstantial time.
Usepreviewmodetotestwhetherinstancecustomizationrunsunattended. For example,verifythatavalidWindowsproductIDisusedsothatnodialogbox promptsfortheproductIDduringtheMiniSetupprocess. Ifyouconfiguredautomaticlogin,usepreviewmodetoverifythatautomaticlogin workscorrectly.Ifitfails,instancecustomizationfails.
Use the New Package Wizard

TheNewPackagewizardcreatesanexecutablefilethatcontainsanACEenabled virtualmachine,itspolicies,deploymentsettings,scripts,andacopyofVMware Player.Youcaneasilydeployandinstallthepackageonendusersmachines. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthepackagingprerequisitesaresatisfied.See PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizardsonpage 445. To use the New Package wizard 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended.
446
VMware, Inc.
Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>ACE>NewPackage. CompletetheNewPackagewizard. (Optional)Ifyouarepromptedtoselectapackagedistributionformatandyou selectMultiplefoldersforcreatingDVDsorCDs,writedownthedisclabelprefix youspecify. Whenyoulaterusediscburningsoftwaretocreatethediscs,thenameyouenter foreachdiscmustbethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestohold thatdiscscontents(forexample,DISC1,DISC2). 6 Tobeginthepackagingprocess,clickNextonthePackageSummarypage. Packagecreationtakesasubstantialamountoftime,especiallyforpackagesthat includelargevirtualmachinesorinstancecustomizationsettings. Duringtheinstancecustomizationstage,iftheguestoperatingsystemdoesnot shutdownafterapproximately10minutes,theproblemmightbethattheSysprep toolswerenotinplace.Theoperationiscancelledandanerrormessagetellsyou thatinstancecustomizationfailed. ThePackageCreationCompletepageappearswhentheprocessiscomplete.Itlists thelocationofthenewlycreatedpackageandprovidesalinktothepackage directory. 7 Dependingonwhichdistributionmethodyouchose,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifyoucreatedasinglefilefornetworkdistribution,copythefiletothe appropriatelocationonanetwork. IfyoucreatedoneormorefilesfordistributiononCDorDVD,use discburningsoftwaretocreatethediscs.Followtheseguidelines:
Thedisclabelyouenterinyourdiscburningsoftwareforeachdiscmust bethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestoholdthatdiscs contents. Burnthecontentsofeachdiscontothetoplevelofthedisc. Thepackageinstallerexpectstofindonlythecontentsofthefolder,and notthefolderitself,attherootlevelonthedisc.Ifyouburnthefolder itselfontothedisc,whenyouattempttoinstallthecontentsofthesecond orsubsequentdiscsontheusersmachine,theerror1309,Error reading from file <filename>,appears.
VMware, Inc.
447
View Package Properties and Add Notes

UsethePackagePropertiesdialogboxtoviewpropertiesofthepackagesthatyou created.AlsoaddoreditnotesthatappearinthesummaryviewoftheACEenabled virtualmachine. To view package properties and add notes 1 2 3 4 5 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachine. ChooseView>CurrentView>Summary. OnthePackagestab,doubleclickthepackagename. InthePackagePropertiesdialogbox,clickthetabstoviewtheproperties. ClicktheNotestabtoaddoreditnotes. Existingnotesmighthavebeenaddedwhenthepackagewascreatedusingthe NewPackagewizard.Thesenotesarenotbeseenbyendusers.Theyarevisible onlyintheWorkstationwindow.
Perform an End-to-End Deployment Test

PerformanendtoendtesttodeployanewACEpackageratherthanapackageupdate. Alsouseanendtoendtestifusingpreviewmodeisnotappropriate. BecauseWorkstationrunsonlyonWindowshosts,youcannotusepreviewmodeto runACEinstancesastheywillrunonLinuxhosts.Youalsocannottestahostpolicyin previewmode. NOTEThistestmighttakeasubstantialamountoftimebecausepackagingand encryptionprocessescanbelengthy. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantouseanACEManagementServertomanagetheACE instances,installandconfigureatestACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. To perform an end-to-end deployment test 1 2 3 IfyouusetheACEManagementServer,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachine, chooseFile>ConnecttoACEManagementServer,andconnecttothetestserver. Inthevirtualmachinessummaryview,clickCreatenewpackageinthe Commandslist. CompletetheNewPackagewizard.
448
VMware, Inc.
4 5 6
Navigatetothepackagelocationandcopythepackagedirectorytoaclienttest machine. Ontheclienttestmachine,runtheACEinstancessetup.exefileandcompletethe pagesoftheinstallationwizard. StarttheACEinstanceandactivateitwhenprompted. Dependingonhowyouconfiguredthepackage,aStartmenuitemoradesktop shortcutorbotharecreatedontheclientmachine.Dependingontheruntime preferencesyouset,theACEinstancemightstartinfullscreenmodewhenthe hostsystemstarts.
7 8
VerifythattheACEinstanceisconfiguredasyouintendedandrunsasyouexpect. IfyouuseACEManagementServer,connecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineto theproductionserver. Ontheadministratormachine,inWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtual machineandchooseFile>ConnecttoACEManagementServer,andconnectto theproductionserver.
IfyouuseACEManagementServer,createanewpackage. Thepackageyoucreatedforthetestreferstotheserveryouusedfortesting. Instancescreatedfromthatpackagerefertothetestserver.
Deploy Packages
DeployingpackagesmeansmakingtheACEpackageavailabletoendusers.You specifythedistributionmethodwhenyoucreatethepackage. To deploy packages Dependingonthetypeofpackage,dooneofthefollowing:
Forafull,policyupdate,serverupdate,orcustompackage,distributethepackage onCDorDVD,ormakethepackageavailableonanetwork. ForaPocketACEpackage,seeDeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice onpage 455.
VMware, Inc.
449
450
VMware, Inc.
21
Pocket ACE
21
ThePocketACEfeatureenablesyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputers,runtheirACE instanceswithVMwarePlayer,andthendetachtheportabledevices.Thenexttime theyneedaccesstotheirACEinstances,theycanattachthedevicestothesamehost computersortodifferentcomputers. UsePocketACEtopackageadailycomputingenvironmentandallowenduserstotake thatenvironmentincludingdocuments,settings,applications,andVPN accesswherevertheyneedtogo. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

UseCasesforPocketACEonpage 451 PortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 453 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACEonpage 453 CreateaPocketACEPackageonpage 454 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDeviceonpage 455 RunthePocketACEInstanceonpage 457
Use Cases for Pocket ACE

UsethefollowingscenariostodeterminewhentousePocketACEandwhichkindsof policiestosetforvarioussituations:
VMware, Inc.
451
ProvidingaccesstoemployeesworkingremotelyEmployeesoftenusetheir ownhomecomputerforaccessingenterpriseresourcesremotely.Unmanaged clientscanbeinfectedbymalwareorspyware.Inaddition,thereisariskoflost dataifaremoteuserdownloadssensitivedatatoapersonalcomputer.Thereis alsotheaddedburdenofdeployingandmanagingthesoftwareneededbyremote users. UsingPocketACE,ITadministratorscandeployatrusted,managed,andmore securevirtualdesktopinstancetoremoteusers.ThevirtualdiskofthePocketACE canbeencryptedtominimizetheriskoflostdata.Bysettingspecificnetwork quarantinepolicies,administratorscanstrictlycontroltrafficbetweenthe untrustedclientandPocketACEinstance,protectingtheenterprisefromcreating acompromisedhost.
IncreasingthesecurityandmobilityofmobileusersMobileusersoftenaccess orcarrysensitivedataoutsidetheenterpriseusinglaptopsorothermobiledevices. ThequestionforITorganizationsisnotif,butwhen,amobileuserslaptopwillbe lostorstolen,leadingtothelossofsensitiveorconfidentialdata. UsingPocketACEtodeployadesktopenvironmenttomobileusers,IT administratorscanreducetheriskoflostdatawhilealsoincreasingusersmobility becausePocketACEinstancecanbeusedwithanysupportedx86system.A desktopinstancewithanencrypteddiskcanbedeployedtomobileusers.Using ACEManagementServer,alostorstolenPocketACEcanbedisabledremotely.
Providingtemporaryaccesstocontractworkersusinguntrustedhosts Contractorsandbusinesspartnersoftenconnecttotheenterprisenetworkfrom unknownoruntrustedclients.PocketACEcanbeusedtoprovideastandardized, trusted,andmanagedenvironmenttotheseuserswhileenablingsafeconnectivity toenterpriseresources. Forcontractors,thePocketACEinstancecanbeconfiguredtobeavailableonly duringthelengthofthecontract.Whentheexpirationdateisreached,the contractorcannolongerusethePocketACEinstance.
ProvidingaccesstooffshoreoutsourcepartnersTypically,offshorepartners manageandownthedesktopsystemstheyuse.Becausetheseresourcesareowned byanoutsideorganization,theydonotfallunderstandardITpolicy.Insome cases,desktopsystemsarepurchased,imaged,andshippedtoanoffshorepartner foraccessingtheenterprise.Thisisoftenalengthyandcostlyprocess.
452
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 21 Pocket ACE
WithPocketACE,ITadministratorscaneasilydeployatrusted,managed,and moresecurevirtualdesktopinstancetooffshorepartners.Thevirtualdesktop instancescanbedistributedusingportablemediaordownload.Securityfeatures includethedataencryptionfeatureandthenetworkquarantineandrestriction featuresalreadymentioned.
ProvidingdisasterrecoveryUsingPocketACE,organizationscaneasilypackage desktopinstanceswithallthenecessaryenterpriseapplicationsforuseinthecase ofadisaster.Theseinstancescanbedeployedtoportablemediadevicesandstored safelyinasecureoffsitefacility.Ifadisasteroccurs,thePocketACEinstancescan bequicklydistributedandused. DistributingbetaortrialsoftwareUsingPocketACE,ISVscandistribute softwarepreinstalledasavirtualapplianceeitherbydownloadoronaportable mediadevice.AnISVcanprovideacompleteworkingenvironment,ensuringno compatibilityissues.CustomEULAscanbecreatedandusedtoensurethatauser acceptstheagreementpriortousinganACEinstance.Inaddition,anexpiration periodcanbesetthatdisablesanACEinstanceafteranallottedperiodoftime.
Portable Device Requirements

YoucaninstallACEpackagesonthefollowingtypesofdevices:

Flashmemorydrives(USBkeys) FlashbasedAppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices HarddrivebasedAppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices Portableharddrives
ForUSBdevices,useUSB2highspeeddevicesonly. WhenaPocketACEpackageisdeployedtoaremovabledevice,thevirtualdiskis preallocatedtofullcapacityforenhancedperformance.Makesurethattheremovable devicehasenoughdiskspacetostorethevirtualdiskstotalcapacity,memory,and approximately300MBforoverhead.SeeUsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardon page 87.
Policies and Deployment Settings for Pocket ACE

SomepoliciesapplyonlytoPocketACE.YoucansetPocketACEclosebehaviorby editingtheruntimepreferencespolicy.
VMware, Inc.
453
ClosebehaviordetermineswhethertheACEinstanceispoweredofforsuspended whentheuserexitsandwhetherchangesaresynchronizedontheremovabledevice. SeePocketACECacheSettingsonpage 411. PocketACEignoressomepolicies.Althoughyoucansethostandsnapshotpoliciesand createapackagethatincludesthem,PocketACEinstancesignorethesepolicies. AdministratorscannotreverttoreimagesnapshotswhenrunningaPocketACEin administratormodeinVMwarePlayer.
Create a Pocket ACE Package

Beforeyoubegin,determinethefollowinginformation,whichisspecifictoPocket ACE:
Makesuretheportabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspacerequirementsfor PocketACE.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 453. DeterminewhetheryouwanttodeploythePocketACEtoWindowsmachines, 32bitLinuxmachines,64bitLinuxmachines,orsomecombination.Yourchoices affectthediskspacerequirements. Determinethepasswordyouwanttouseforanyonewhoattemptstodeploythe packagetoaportabledevice. Ifyoudonotwanttorequireapassword,makesuretheaccesscontrolpolicys authenticationtypeissettoNone.Makesuretheencryptiondeploymentsetting forpackageprotectionissettoNone.
Inaddition,completethetaskslistedinPrerequisitesforUsingthePackaging Wizardsonpage 445. To create a Pocket ACE package 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine. 3 4 TocreateanewPocketACEoranupdatepackage,chooseVM>ACE>New PocketACEPackage. Completethewizard. WhenyouspecifyalocationontheNamethePackagepage,choosealocationon theadministratormachine.Donotspecifyalocationontheportabledevice.You deploythepackagetothedeviceafterthepackageiscreated.
454
VMware, Inc.
TheCompletingthePocketACEPackageWizardpageappearswhentheprocess iscomplete. 5 (Optional)Todeploythepackageimmediately,selectDeploytoaportabledevice now.
Ifyoudonotdeploythepackageimmediately,seeDeployingtheACEPackageona PortableDevice.
Deploying the ACE Package on a Portable Device

YoucandeploymultipleACEpackagesonasingleportabledevice.Theonlylimitation onthenumberofpackagesistheamountofavailablespaceonthedevice. Runthedeploy.exefiletousetheGUIdeploymentutility.UsethebulkDeploy.exe programtousethecommandlinedeploymentutility.Youcancreateabatchfilethat containsmultiplebulkDeploycommandstodeploymultipleACEpackagestoa portabledevice. Thewizardautomaticallypreallocatesdiskspaceandsplitsthediskinto2GB segments. ThePocketACEinstanceisreencryptedduringthedeploymentinsteadofafterthe usersfirstrunoftheinstance.Forthisreencryption,thepolicyappliedisthepackage protectionpolicythatwasinplaceatthetimeofpackaging.
Use the Graphical Utility to Deploy Pocket ACE Packages

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheremovabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspace requirements.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 453. To use the graphical utility to deploy Pocket ACE packages 1 2 3 4 NavigatetothepackagelocationyouspecifiedintheNewPocketACEPackage wizard. Doubleclickthedeploy.exe file. IftheEnterPassworddialogboxappears,enterthedeploymentpassword. CompletetheVMwarePocketACEDeployUtilitydialogboxandclickDeploy.
WhenyoudistributethePocketACE,giveitdirectlytotheuserandtelltheusertokeep thePocketACEsecureuntiltheuserrunstheACEandchangestheuserpassword.
VMware, Inc.
455
Use the Command-Line Utility to Deploy Pocket ACE Packages

ThebulkDeploy.exeutilityisacommandlineversionoftheVMwarePocketACE DeployUtilitydialogbox(deploy.exe).UsebulkDeploy.execommandsinabatch filetodeployoneormorePocketACEpackagestothesameormultipletarget directoriesorremovabledevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheremovabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspace requirements.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 453. IfyouplantodeploythePocketACEpackagetoacustomfolderratherthana removabledrive,createthefolder. To use the command-line utility to deploy Pocket ACE packages 1 Openacommandpromptandchangedirectoriestothepackagelocationyou specifiedintheNewPocketACEPackagewizard. Forexample,enterthefollowingcommand:
cd C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\ Virtual Machines\ACE-Enabled Virtual Machine\Packages\Pocket ACE Package
Enterthefollowingbulkdeploymentcommandandspecifythenecessary parameters:
bulkDeploy.exe <deployment_directory> <parameters>
The<deployment_directory>valuecanspecifyaremovabledriveoracustom folder. Table 21-1.

Parameter -p -s Usage Deploymentpassword.Requiredwhenthepackageispasswordprotected. Pathtothe.vmxfileonthehost.Usethisparameteronlyifyouusea bulkDeploy.exefilethatisnotlocatedinsidethesamePocketACE packageasthe.vmxfileyouwanttodeploy. Parametertoturnoffreportingtheprogressofthebulkdeployment. PerformsaspeedtesttodeterminewhethertheUSBdeviceandthehost USBstackarefastenoughforPocketACE.Ifthetestissuccessful,0is returned.Ifitfails,anegativenumberisreturned.Thistestisalwaysdone atruntimewhenthePocketACEisopened.Itisdonewhenyouusethe bulkDeploycommandonlyifyouusethe-tparameter.
-q -t
Forexample,
456
VMware, Inc.
bulkDeploy.exe E: -p password -s C:\pocketACEPackage\VM\packagedVMX.vmx -q -t
(Optional)TodeployaPocketACEpackagetomultiplelocations,ortodeploy multiplepackagestothesameormultiplelocations,createabatchfilewitha bulkDeploy.execommandoneachline. Usequotationmarksforpathsthatcontainspaces.Followingisanexampleofa batchfile:

"C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" E: -p password -q -t "C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" F: -p password -s "C:\My VMs\vm_2\Packages\Pkg_2\VM\Pkg_2.vmx" -q -t "C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" F: -p password -s "C:\My VMs\vm_3\Packages\Pkg_3\VM\Pkg_3.vmx" -q -t
Run the Pocket ACE Instance

AfteryoudeployaPocketACEpackagetoaremovabledevice,runningitusually involvesonlypluggingitin. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthehostcomputersclockissettothecorrecttime.If youmoveaPocketACEfromonehostcomputertoanotherandtheclockofthesecond hostisearlierthantheclockofthefirst,thePocketACEdoesnotrun. WhentheACEinstanceruns,itsdiskandcheckpointcachesareinitialized.IfthePocket ACEhasasessiononthishost,thatsessioncontinues.Otherwiseanewsessionis started. Thecheckpointstateandvirtualdiskarecachedonthehostduringuseand synchronizedbacktotheportabledevicelater.Thecheckpointstateandvirtualdiskare protectedwiththesameencryptionlevelusedfortheACEinstanceontheportable device. ThePocketACErunsprimarilyfromthehostcache,althoughitoccasionallyreadsfrom theparentdiskontheportabledevice.TheACEinstancedoesnotwritetotheparent diskuntilsynchronization. To run a pocket ACE instance 1 2 Plugtheportabledeviceintothehostcomputer. IfthehostsystemsAutorunconfigurationisnotsettostarttheACEinstance automatically,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowshosts,navigatetotheremovabledeviceandrunthePocketACE.
VMware, Inc.
457
Usually,startingthePocketACEmanuallyisnotnecessary.TheAutorun programisincludedinthepackageandcheckswhetherVMwarePlayeris installed.Ifnot,VMwarePlayerisinstalledautomatically.
OnLinuxsystems,installVMwarePlayerfromthePlayerdirectoryonthe USBdrive. Forexample,iftheUSBdriveismountedat/media/USBFLASH,navigateto /media/USBFLASH/player.
InstallVMwarePlayerasdescribedinManuallyInstallVMwarePlayer onaLinuxHostonpage 463. UseVMwarePlayertoopenthe.vmx fileandstarttheACEinstance(see InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHostonpage 464).
458
VMware, Inc.
22
Installing ACE Packages
22
Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHostonpage 459 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHostonpage 463 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.6onpage 467 StartandUseanACEInstanceonpage 467 InstallanACEClientLicenseonpage 471 QuitVMwarePlayeronpage 472 TroubleshootingToolsonpage 472
Installing an ACE Package on a Windows Host

IfanenduserscomputerdoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayer installed,thefirsttimeyouinstallanACEpackage,VMwarePlayerisinstalledalong withtheACEinstance. YoucaninstallACEinstancesononehostatatime,oryoucanusethesilentinstallation featuresoftheMicrosoftWindowsInstallertoquicklyinstallanACEinstanceon multiplecomputers.
Install an ACE Instance on a Single Windows Host

IfVMwarePlayerisnotalreadyinstalledonthemachine,theinstallationprogram installsitbeforeinstallingthevirtualmachinefilesthatmakeuptheACEinstance. Beforeyoubegin,considerthefollowingprerequisites:
MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance.
VMware, Inc.
459
IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusersmachine,auserwith administrativeprivilegesmustruntheinstallation.Onlyauserwith administrativeprivilegescaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,auserwithadministrativeprivileges mustruntheinstallation.Ahostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicy thatrestrictswhichvirtualmachinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetwork AccessPoliciesonpage 397andControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost onpage 415. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails.
To install an ACE instance on a single Windows host 1 IfVMwarePlayerisnotyetinstalledontheusersmachine,logintothehost computerastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. DependingonwhetheryouareinstallingfromaCD,DVD,ornetworklocation,do oneofthefollowing:

ForCDsandDVDs,insertthefirstdisc. Foranetworklocation,navigatetothelocationoftheinstaller.
3 4
Findthesetup.exefileanddoubleclickit. Followtheprompts.
Installing an ACE Package Silently on Multiple Windows Hosts

IfyouareinstallingaVMwareACEpackageonanumberofWindowshostcomputers, youmightwanttousethesilentinstallationfeaturesoftheMicrosoftWindows Installer.Thistypeofinstallationrequiresthatthehostcomputershaveversion2.0or lateroftheMSIruntimeengine.Thisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsof WindowsbeginningwithWindowsXP.Iftheruntimeengineisnotinstalled,see InstalltheMSI2.0RuntimeEnginefromanACEPackageonpage 460.
Install the MSI 2.0 Runtime Engine from an ACE Package

TheinstallerfortheMSI2.0runtimeengineisincludedintheVMwareACEpackage astheinstmsiw.exe file.
460
VMware, Inc.
Chapter 22 Installing ACE Packages
To install the MSI 2.0 runtime engine from an ACE package 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:
instmsiw.exe /Q
ForadditionaldetailsonhowtousetheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoft Website.
Install an ACE Instance on Multiple Hosts

YoucanusetheMicrosoftWindowsInstallercommandlineinterfacetosilentlyinstall anACEinstanceonmanycomputers.Endusersarenotpromptedforinformation duringtheinstallationprocess. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthehostcomputershaveversion2.0orlateroftheMSI runtimeengine. Youcancustomizethebasicpackageinstallationcommandtospecifyoneormoreof thefollowing:

InstallationdirectoryfortheACEinstance InstallationdirectoryforVMwarePlayer Installationwithoutadesktopicon
Youcanalsoinstallanupgradesilently.Anupgradeisalwaysinstalledinthesame directoryordirectoriesasthepreviouspackage. To install the ACE instance on multiple hosts 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:
setup.exe /s/v"/qn"
ThiscommandinstallsthepackageandVMwarePlayer(ifincluded)intothe defaultlocationsandcreatesashortcutfortheACEinstanceonthedesktop.The defaultlocationfortheVMwarePlayerapplicationisC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player. ThedefaultlocationforthevirtualmachinefilesonaWindowsXPsystemis C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware ACE\<ACE_name>. 3 Tocustomizethepackage,enterthefollowingcommand:
VMware, Inc.
461
msiexec -i package.msi <installation_options>
Enterthecommandononeline.Theinstallationoptionsfollow. Table 22-1.

Option DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS INSTALLDIR PLAYER_INSTALLDIR Description Whensetto0,skipsinstallationoftheACEinstanceshortcuton thedesktop.Thedefaultis1. SetstherootinstallationdirectoryfortheACEinstance. SetstherootinstallationdirectoryfortheVMwarePlayer application.
Thefollowingexamplecommandillustratestheoptionsandtheirusage:
msiexec -i package.msi DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS=0 INSTALLDIR="G:\packages" PLAYER_INSTALLDIR="C:\VMware\VMware Player" /qn
Uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Windows Host

UninstallingVMwarePlayerdoesnotuninstalltheACEinstance.Onlythe AdministratoruserorauserwhoisamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup canuninstallVMwarePlayer. UninstallinganACEinstancedoesnotuninstalltheVMwarePlayerapplication.When youremoveanACEinstance,theACEinstancesdatafiles,shortcuts,andregistry entriesareremoved.YoudonotneedtobeanAdministratorusertouninstallanACE instance. To uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Windows host 1 2 3 4 GotoStart>ControlPanel>AddorRemovePrograms>ChangeorRemove Programs. SelecttheVMwarePlayerprogramortheACEinstanceandclickRemove. Followtheinstructionsinthewizard. (Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingfolder:
C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\VMware\Roaming VM cache\
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
462 VMware, Inc.
Installing an ACE Package on a Linux Host

IfanenduserscomputerdoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayer installed,VMwarePlayerisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyouruntheACEpackages VMware-Player.bundlefileasrootorsudo. YoucaninstallACEinstancesononehostatatime,oryoucansilentlyinstallanACE instanceonmultiplecomputers.
Manually Install VMware Player on a Linux Host

ManuallyinstallVMwarePlayeronsystemswheretheenduserdoesnothaveroot accessanddoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayerinstalled. To manually install VMware Player on a Linux host 1 Inaterminalwindow,enterthefollowingcommandtobecometherootuser:
su
MounttheACEpackage,andlocatetheVMwarePlayerinstallerinthepackage directory. Dependingonwhetherthehostisa32bitcomputerora64bitcomputer,yousee oneofthefollowingfilenames:

VMware-Player-i386.bundle VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle
Copythe.bundlefiletoatemporarydirectoryontheharddrive. Forexample,ifyouhavea64bitcomputerandyouwanttoputthefileinthe/tmp directory,enterthefollowingcommand:

cp VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtochangetothedirectorytowhichyoucopiedthe file:
cd /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:
sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle
The<architecture>valueiseitheri386,for32bitsystems,orx86_64,for64bit systems. 6 Followthewizardpromptsthatappear.
VMware, Inc.
463
OnmostLinuxdistributions,aGUIwizardappears.OnRedHatEnterpriseLinux 5.1andsomeotherdistributions,acommandlinewizardappears.Inthe commandlinewizard,toquicklyscrolltotheendofthelicenseagreement prompt,pressqandaccepttheagreement. 7 Wheninstallationiscompleted,enterthefollowingcommandtoexitfromthe rootaccount:

exit
Install the ACE Instance on a Single Linux Host

OnlytheuserwhoinstallstheACEinstanceorauserwithnecessarypermissions(such asroot)isallowedtorunthatACEinstance.IfVMwarePlayerisnotalreadyinstalled onthemachine,itisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyouruntheACEpackages VMware-Player.bundleasrootorsudo. Beforeyoubegin,considerthefollowingprerequisites:

MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. TheACEpackagemustbeaccessibletotheLinuxusermachinesforinstallation. IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusermachine,arootuser mustruntheinstallation.OnlyarootusercaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,arootusermustruntheinstallation.A hostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicythatrestrictswhichvirtual machinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 397and ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 415. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails.
To install an ACE instance on a single Linux host 1 2 3 Copythe.bundlefileforthepackagetothehostcomputer. Openaterminalwindowandchangetothepackagedirectory. Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:

sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle
The<architecture>valueiseitheri386,for32bitsystems,orx86_64,for64bit systems. 4 Followthewizardpromptsthatappear.
464
VMware, Inc.
OnmostLinuxdistributions,aGUIwizardappears.OnRedHatEnterpriseLinux 5.1andsomeotherdistributions,acommandlinewizardappears.Inthe commandlinewizard,toquicklyscrolltotheendofthelicenseagreement prompt,pressqandaccepttheagreement.
Install an ACE Package Silently on Multiple Linux Hosts

YoucansilentlyinstallanACEinstanceonmanycomputers.Endusersarenot promptedforinformationduringtheinstallationprocess. To install the ACE instance on multiple Linux hosts 1 2 Copythe.bundlefileforthepackagetothefirsthostcomputer. Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
<path_to_package>/sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle --required
ThiscommandinstallsthepackageandVMwarePlayer(ifincluded)intothe defaultlocations.Onlythelicenseagreementpromptappears,ifaEULAis includedinthepackage. 3 Repeatthisprocedureforotherhosts.
Prepare a Linux Host for Running in Kiosk Mode

OnLinuxhosts,ifyouplantousekioskmodetopreventusersfromaccessingthehost operatingsystem,youmustsetsomeadditionalproperties.Ifyoudonotpreparethe host,usersmightbeabletousekeyboardshortcutsorothermechanismstoaccessthe hostwheninkioskmode. Beforeyoubegin,createanACEinstancethatusesakioskmodepolicyandinstalliton aLinuxhost.SeeSettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 413andInstallinganACE PackageonaLinuxHostonpage 463. ThepreferredwindowmanagersforrunningACEinstancesinkioskmodeare F VirtualWindowManager(FVWM)andMetacity. To prepare a Linux host for running in kiosk mode 1 Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinestothehosts~/.vmware/preferences file:
pref.grabOnKeyPress = "TRUE" pref.grabOnMouseClick = "TRUE"
AddthefollowinglinestocreateaServerFlagssectioninthe /etc/X11/xorg.conffile:
VMware, Inc.
465
Section "ServerFlags" Option "DontZoom" "true" Option "DontZap" "true" Option "DontVTSwitch" "true" EndSection
3 4 5
RestarttheXsession. Manuallydisableallkeyboardshortcutsinhostswindowmanager. IftheDeskbarappletprogramisusedinthepanelonthehost,removeitby rightclickingitandselectingRemovefromPanel. Ifyoudonotremovethisapplet,ausercanpressthekeyboardcombinationfor exitingkioskmodeandthenpressAlt+F3toaccessthehostfilesystem.
Topreventthehostsfilebrowserfromopeningwhenaremovabledeviceis connectedtothehost,disabletheapplicableoptionsinthehostssystem preferencesandfilebrowserpreferences. Forexample,openafilebrowseronthehostandselectEdit>Preferences>Media anddeselecttheBrowsemediawheninsertedcheckbox.Also,fromthehosts Systemmenu,selectPreferences>RemovableDevices,orsimilarlynamedtabs, anddeselectthecheckboxes.
Uninstall VMware Player or an ACE Instance from a Linux Host

ACEuserscanuninstallonlytheACEinstancesthattheyinstalled.Onlytherootuser canuninstallothersACEinstances.UninstallinganACEinstancedoesnotuninstall theVMwarePlayerapplication.WhenyouuninstallanACEinstance,theACE instancesdatafiles,shortcuts,andregistryentriesareuninstalled. UninstallingVMwarePlayerdoesnotuninstalltheACEinstance.Onlytherootuser canuninstallVMwarePlayer. To uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Linux host 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openaterminalwindow. Dooneorbothofthefollowing:
TouninstallanACEinstance,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path_to_instance_directory>./vmware-uninstall-ace.pl
TouninstallVMwarePlayer,enterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall
466
VMware, Inc.
(Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingdirectory:
/home/<user>/.vmware/roamcache
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
Upgrading ACE Instances to ACE 2.6

IfyouhaveACE2.0instances,youcanuseWorkstation7.0andACEManagement Server2.6tosendnewACE2.6policiestoendusers. Althoughnewpolicies,suchasPocketACEcachesettingsandnetworkadapter settingscanbeusedonACE2.0endpoints,thevirtualmachineversionisnotchanged. Toupgradeendusersvirtualmachinehardwareversion,youmustcreateafull packageanduseittoreplacetheexistingACEinstance. WhenyouuninstalltheolderACEinstanceandVMwarePlayerfromtheusers computer,theenduserlosesanydataorcustomsettingsstoredintheoldACEinstance. Takethisconsiderationintoaccountwhenchoosingbetweenupgradingthehardware versionandcontinuingwiththecurrenthardwareversionbutaddingnewACE2.6 policies.
Start and Use an ACE Instance

WhenyourunanACEinstance,VMwarePlayerstartsandopenstheinstance.Youstart theinstanceinthesamewaythatyoustartotherapplicationsonthehost. OneexceptionisiftheadministratorconfigurestheACEinstancetostartandruninfull screenmodewhenthehostsystemstarts.SeeSettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies onpage 409. DependingonhowtheACEinstanceisconfigured,endusersmightberequiredto enternopassword,one,ortwopasswordswhentheyruntheinstanceforthefirsttime. Thepossibilitiesare:

Nopasswordsarerequiredatthefirstrunoftheinstanceoronsubsequentruns. Youmustenteronepasswordatthefirstrun,andthatpasswordissuppliedtoyou bytheadministrator.Onsubsequentrunsoftheinstance,nopasswordsare required. Youmustcreateapasswordatthefirstrun.Onsubsequentruns,youmustenter thatpassword.
VMware, Inc.
467
Youmustenteranadministratorsuppliedpasswordatthefirstrunandalsocreate apassword.Onsubsequentruns,youmustenteronlythepasswordthatyou created.
Theadministratorcanalsorestricthowmanycharactersorwhichcharacterscanbe usedinpasswordsthatenduserscreate.SeeAuthenticationSettingsonpage 389. To start and use an ACE instance 1 Dependingonthehostoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowshosts,usethedesktopiconortheStartmenutostarttheACE instance. OnLinuxhosts,usetheApplicationsmenuorenterthefollowingcommand inaterminalwindow:

vmplayer <path_to__package_directory>/<name_of_ACE_vmx_file>.vmx
2 3
Ifpromptedtoenterorcreateapassword,doso. IftheEnterSerialNumberdialogboxappears,dooneofthefollowing:

Ifyouradministratorprovidedaserialnumber,enterit. Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetSerialNumber.
ClickinsidetheVMwarePlayerwindowtobeginusingtheguestoperatingsystem andtheapplicationsinstalledintheACEinstance. Youcanusetheoperatingsystemandapplicationsjustasyouwouldiftheywere runningdirectlyonaphysicalcomputer.
5 6
(Optional)Tochangeapasswordthatyoucreated,chooseVM>ACE>Change Password. (Optional)FormoreinformationaboutusingVMwarePlayer,chooseHelp>Help Topics.
Change Default Kiosk Mode Startup Behavior

IfanACEinstanceisconfiguredtoruninkioskmode,thevirtualmachinerunsinfull screenmodeanddoesnotdisplaytheACEmenubarorACEPlayeronlinehelp. Beforegoingintokioskmode,adialogboxappears,requiringtheusertoconsentto enteringkioskmode.Formoreinformation,seeSettingKioskModePolicieson page 413. YoucanuseacommandlinecommandtostartanACEinstanceinkioskmodewithout displayingtheusualwarningmessage.
468 VMware, Inc.
YoucanalsostarttheACEinstancesothatitisnotinkioskmode.Youcanthenusethe VMwarePlayermenustochangepreferencesettingsorenteradministratormodeifthe ACEinstanceisconfiguredforthatmode. To change default kiosk mode startup behavior 1 2 OpenacommandpromptonWindowshostsoraterminalwindowonLinuxhosts. Tosuppressthedialogboxusuallyshownatstartup,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -k "<config-file>"
Inthiscommand,<path>isthepathonyoursystemtotheVMwarePlayer applicationfileand<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file.
OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands:

vmplayer -k "<config-file>" vmplayer --noKioskWarning "<config-file>"
Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file. 3 TostarttheACEinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -K "<config-file>"
NoticethecapitalK.Inthiscommand,<path>isthepathonyoursystemto theVMwarePlayerapplicationfileand<config-file>isthepathtothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)file.
OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands:

vmplayer -K "<config-file>" vmplayer --forceNoKiosk "<config-file>"
Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file. 4 Ifyouuseacommandtostarttheinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,enterthe administratorpasswordwhenprompted.
Thisproceduredescribestypingthecommandatthecommandline,butyoucanalso usethecommandtocreateabatchfileoradesktopshortcut.SeeUsingStartup OptionsinaWindowsShortcutonpage 478.

VMware, Inc. 469
Use Multiple Virtual Machines in Kiosk Mode

YoucanstartmultipleACEinstancesthatareconfiguredtoruninkioskmode.Youcan thenswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesbyusingakeyboardshortcut. Beforeyoubegin,createandpackagemultipleACEinstancesthatusethesame administratorpasswordforkioskmodeandthesamehotkeycombinationforexiting kioskmode.SeeSettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 413. Whenmultiplevirtualmachinesruninkioskmode,enduserscanpressthehotkey combinationalongwiththerightarroworleftarrowkeytoswitchtothenextor previousvirtualmachine.Forexample,ifthehotkeycombinationisCtrl+Alt,userscan pressCtrl+Alt+rightarrowtoswitchtothenextvirtualmachineorCtrl+Alt+leftarrow toswitchtothepreviousvirtualmachine. To use multiple virtual machines in kiosk mode 1 2 InstalltheACEinstancesonthehostmachine. Usethefollowingexamplestowriteabatchfileorscripttostartthevirtual machines: Windowsbatchfile:
cd Program Files\VMware\VMware Player start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace1\ace1.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace2\ace2.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace3\ace3.vmx"
Linuxscriptfile:
#!/bin/bash vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace1/ace1.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace2/ace2.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace3/ace3.vmx &
The-kflagsuppressesthekioskmodedialogboxsothatyoudonotneedtoclick OKtoenterkioskmode. 3 Ifanyvirtualmachinesthatarenotsettoruninkioskmodeareopenorrunning onthehost,powerthemoffandclosethem. Thescriptcannotstartandrunvirtualmachinesinkioskmodeifany nonkioskmodevirtualmachinesareopen. 4

470
Runthebatchfileorscripttostartthevirtualmachinesinkioskmode.
VMware, Inc.
Thevirtualmachinesarestartedintheorderlistedinthebatchfileorscript.Thefirst virtualmachinestarteddefinestheadministratorpasswordforkioskmodeandthe hotkeycombinationforexitingkioskmode.Ifasubsequentvirtualmachineinthelist hasadifferentpasswordorhotkey,itdoesnotstart.Ifasubsequentvirtualmachinein thelistisnotconfiguredtostartinkioskmode,itisnotallowedtostart.
Install an ACE Client License

AnACEclientlicenseisadevicespecificlicense.DevicesincludePCs,laptops,and portablemediadevicessuchasUSBflashdrives(storingaPocketACE).Thedetailsof thelicensingtermsareprovidedintheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA)forACE publishedonwww.vmware.com. AlicenseddevicecanrunanynumberofACEinstances.TheACEclientlicenseis associatedwiththedeviceitisinstalledonandisnotrestrictedtoaspecificACE instance. Ifyoupurchaseavolumelicense,youdonotneedtoinstallclientlicenses. NOTEIfyouarenotusinganACEvolumelicensekey,beawarethatwhenyoudeploy aPocketACEtoaportablemediadevice,youshouldenteranACEclientlicense immediately.ThePocketACEwillrunlocallyonthatcopyofWorkstation,butifitis movedtoanotherunlicenseddevicewithouthavingtheACEclientlicenseentered,it willnotpoweron. To install an ACE client license 1 2 3 4 ObtaintheACEclientlicenseserialnumberfromyourACEadministrator. DoubleclickthedesktopshortcutfortheinstalledACEinstance. Attheprompt,entertheserialnumberintheappropriatefieldandenteryour nameandtheorganizationnameinthedialogbox. ClickOK.
Change the ACE Client License

YoucanuseaVMwarePlayermenucommandtochangeorupdatealicense. To change the ACE Client License 1 2 ChooseHelp>EnterACEClientLicense. Dooneofthefollowing:
Entertheserialnumberinthedialogbox.
471
VMware, Inc.
Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetSerialNumber.
ClickOK.
Quit VMware Player

Asabestpractice,quitVMwarePlayerbeforeyoushutdownthehostcomputer. To quit VMware Player ChooseFile>ExitonWindowshostsorFile>QuitonLinuxhosts. Dependingontheconfiguredexitbehavior,theACEinstanceissuspendedorshuts downandthewindowcloses. Alsodependingontheconfiguration,endusersmightbeabletochangetheexit behaviorinthePreferencesdialogbox(File>Preferences).
Troubleshooting Tools
VMwareACEincludessometroubleshootingtoolsthatallowadministratorsandhelp deskassistantstofixsomecommonproblemsthatusershavewithACEinstances,such asforgottenuserpasswords.Thetoolsare:
ForstandaloneACEinstances:
TheACETools,whichisacommandlinetool.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 472. Thehotfixfeature,whichusersaccessfrombuttonsindialogboxes.See RespondtoHotFixRequestsonpage 474.
FormanagedACEinstances,seetheVMwareACEManagementServer AdministratorsGuide.
Using the vmware-acetool Command-Line Tool

Thevmware-acetoolcommandlinetoolisatroubleshootingtoolthatenablesACE administratorstofixalimitedsetofproblemsforstandaloneACEinstancesdirectlyon anACEuserssystem. Youcanprovidethefollowingsolutionswithvmware-acetool:

Settheuserspassword,sotheusercanruntheACEinstance. Setcopyprotection,sotheusercanruntheACEinstanceinanewlocation.
472
VMware, Inc.
Settheexpirationdate,sotheusercancontinuetouseanACEinstancethatispast itsscheduledexpirationdate.
Theconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)fortheACEinstancemustbeontheACEusers machine.Thatis,youcannotusevmware-acetooltomakefixestofilesassociatedwith theinstanceunlesstheconfigurationfileisonthesamemachineasthosefiles. Youcanactuallyusethevmware-acetoolprogramtoresetpasswordsandfix expirationdatesonanothermachine,butyoumusthavethe.vmx,.vmpl,andace.dat filesfromtheuserallsetupinthesamedirectory.Thefollowingisanexampleofa vmware-acetoolcommand: vmware-acetool <command> <ACEconfigurationfile> <parameters> Table 22-2. Commands and Parameters for vmware-acetool
Command setPassword setExpirationDate allowCopy updateCurrentTime Parameters Pathtorecoverykeyfile Newexpirationdate Description SettheACEinstances password. SettheACEinstances expirationdate. AllowtheACEinstanceto runfromitscurrentlocation. Updatetheinternalpolicy clockofanACEinstanceto thecurrenttime. Netcloneconfigurationfile Pathtorecoverykeyfile Clonearegularvirtual machinefroman ACEenabledvirtual machine.
cloneToVM
Password Prompts
Allcommandspromptfortheadministrativetoolspassword.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 412. ThesetPasswordcommandalsopromptsfortherecoverykeypasswordforthe privaterecoverykeyfile,anewACEinstancepassword,andconfirmationofthatnew password.SeeSetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 391. Followingisanexampleofthecommand: vmware-acetool setPassword myACE.vmx recKey.priv
Expiration Dates
Thenewexpirationdatecanbepassedasoneofthefollowing:
VMware, Inc. 473
Anumberofdaysfromthecurrentdate AnabsolutedateintheformatYYYY-MM-DD AstartdateandanenddateintheformatYYYY-MM-DDYYYY-MM-DD Thespecialvalue"never",sothattheinstanceneverexpires Thespecialvalue"expired",sothattheinstanceexpiresimmediately
Followingareexamplesofthecommand: vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 30 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 2007-06-16 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx "never" vmware-acetool allowCopy myACE.vmx 30
Respond to Hot Fix Requests

IfyouenablethehotfixfeatureforstandaloneACEinstances,userscaneasilyrequest helptoresolvethefollowingproblems:

Lostorforgottenpassword ExpiredACEinstance CopyprotectedACEinstancerunfromanewlocation
Forinformationaboutenablingthehotfixfeature,seeSettingHotFixPoliciesfor StandaloneACEInstancesonpage 414.Forinformationaboutsettingarecoverykey, whichyoumusthavetosendahotfixforalostorforgottenuserpassword,seeSeta RecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 391. Whenthehotfixfeatureisenabled,ifanenduserseesanotificationthattheACE instanceisexpiredorcopyprotected,aRequestHotFixbuttonappearsinthedialog box.Theuserclicksthisbutton,whichlaunchestheHotFixRequestwizard.This wizardgeneratesahotfixrequestfile.Theusercansubmitthisfiletotheadministrator asanemailattachmentorinsomeotherway. To respond to a hot fix request 1 2 3 Whenyoureceivethehotfixrequestfile,saveittoalocationthatyoucanaccess fromtheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled. OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinefortheinstancethatrequiresthehotfix. ChooseFile>Open.
474
VMware, Inc.
NavigatetothelocationofthehotfixrequestfileandclickOpen. AhotfixtabopensintheWorkstationwindow.Thehotfixtabdisplaystheusers nameandemailaddress,theproblemthatledtothehotfixrequest,andany additionalnotetheuserentered.
5 6 7
ClickApprovehotfix. Entertheappropriateinformationinthedialogbox. Selectoneofthefollowingmethodsforsendingtheresponse:

ClickSendhotfixonthehotfixtabandclickOK. Sendthehotfixfile.Itisinthesamefolderasthehotfixrequest.Thefile extensionforthefixfileis.vmhf.
Thedisplayonthehotfixtabshowsthestatusofthehotfixrequest,approvedor denied,andthedateonwhichyoutookaction. Theuserappliesthehotfixbydoubleclickingthehotfixfile.
Troubleshooting Setup Issues

OccasionallyACEendusershaveproblemsloggingintoadomainafterrunningthe ReverttoReimageSnapshotcommand.Theymightsometimesalsohaveproblems withdomainvalidationandnameresolution.
Login Issues After Reverting to a Reimage Snapshot

Problem:TheACEusercannotlogtheACEinstancebackintoadomainafterchoosing VM>Snapshot>ReverttoReimageSnapshot. Description:TheACEinstancehasaWindowsguestoperatingsysteminstalledand themachineaccountpasswordforthedomainisperiodicallyrenewedbydefault.Ifthe passwordisrenewedbythetimetheuserrevertstheACEinstancetothesnapshot,the snapshotspasswordisinvalidandloginfails. Solution:Toavoidthisproblem,ensurethatthefollowingsecuritypolicyisenabled: Refusemachineaccountpasswordchanges. YoucanenablethispolicyontheACEenabledvirtualmachine(affectingallinstances createdfromit)orontheprimarydomaincontroller.Fordetailsabouthowtochange thepolicy,seethefollowingMicrosoftarticles:
LocalSecurityPoliciesGototheMicrosoftSupportsite,entertheMicrosoft knowledgebasearticleID175468inthesearchcriteria,andclickthefirstsearch result.
VMware, Inc.
475
PDCSecurityPoliciesGototheMicrosoftTechNetWebsiteandenterDomain controller:Refusemachineaccountpasswordchanges,inthesearchcriteria.
Issues with Domain Validation or Name Resolution

Problem:WhenyoutrytojoinanACEenabledvirtualmachinetoadomain,domain validationornameresolutiondoesnotwork. Description:SomeACEenabledvirtualmachineswithcertainnetworkconfigurations mightdemonstratetheseproblems. Solution:ConsulttheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle.GototheMicrosoftSupport Website,entertheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticleID314108inthesearchcriteria, andclickthefirstsearchresult.
Issues with Domain Joins for Windows Vista and Windows 7 Guests
Problem:TheWindowsVistaandWindows7ACEinstancescannotjointhelocal domainandinstancecustomizationfailedwiththemessageNetDomainJoin function Error 1722: Could not join domain. Description:WindowsVistaandWindows7ACEinstancesmighthavethisproblem. Solution:Telltheusertopowerofftheinstanceandpoweritonagaintoretryinstance customization.Theproblemisintermittentandrestartingmightsolvetheproblem.
476
VMware, Inc.
Workstation Command-Line Reference
Thisappendixdiscussesthecommandlineoptionsthatareavailableforthevmware program. Forinformationaboutusingthevmrunprogramtooperateteamsorvirtualmachines fromthecommandline,seemanualcalledUsingvmruntoControlVirtualMachines. Thisappendixincludesthefollowingtopics:

StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 477 UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcutonpage 478
Startup Options for Workstation and Virtual Machines

Table A1describesoptionsavailablewhenyourunWorkstationfromthecommand line.YoucantypethesecommandsinaLinuxterminalwindoworattheWindows commandprompt.Youcanalsocreatescriptstorunmultiplecommands. Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
OnaLinuxhostoperatingsystem:
/usr/bin/vmware [-n] [-x] [-X] [-m] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [/<path_to_virtual_machine>/<virtual_machine_name>.vmx] [X toolkit options]
OnaWindowshostoperatingsystem:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe [-B] [-n] [-x] [-X] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [<path_to_virtual_machine>\<virtual_machine_name>.vmx]
VMware, Inc.
477
Table A-1. Command-Line Options for the vmware Program

Option -n -B Description OpensanewWorkstationwindow. (Windowshostsonly)OpensanewWorkstationwindowbut hidesthesidebarandtoolbars.Onlythetabsofopenvirtual machinesareshown.Usingthisoptionhasthesameeffectas clickingtheWorkstationiconintheupperleftcornerofthe WorkstationwindowandchoosingHideControlsfromthe menuthatappears. Opensavirtualmachineorteaminanewtabintheexisting Workstationwindow. PowersonthevirtualmachinewhenWorkstationstarts.This isequivalenttoclickingthePowerOnbuttoninthe Workstationtoolbar. PowersonthevirtualmachineandswitchestheWorkstation windowtofullscreenmode. Startstheprograminquickswitchmode. Closesthevirtualmachinestabwhenthevirtualmachine powersoff.Ifnoothervirtualmachineisopen,italsoexits Workstation.Thisoptionisusefulwhentheguestoperating systemcanpoweroffthevirtualmachine. Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecifiedvalue.Anyvariable namesandvaluesthatarevalidintheconfigurationfilecan bespecifiedonthecommandlinewiththe-sswitch. Displaystheproductname,version,andbuildnumber. Launchesavirtualmachinebyusingthespecifiedvirtual machineorteamconfigurationfile(.vmxor.vmtm file).
-t -x
-X -m -q
-s
-v <path_to_VM_or_team>
OnLinuxhosts,Xtoolkitoptionscanbepassedasarguments,althoughsomeofthem (mostnotablythesizeandtitleoftheWorkstationwindow)cannotbeoverridden. XtoolkitoptionsarenotrelevantonaWindowshost.
Using Startup Options in a Windows Shortcut

Themostconvenientwaytousethestartupoptionsistoincorporatethemintothe commandthataWindowsshortcutgenerates.
478
VMware, Inc.
Appendix A Workstation Command-Line Reference
Tocreatetheshortcut,rightclicktheshortcutandclickProperties.IntheTargetfield, addanyswitchestouseafterthevmware.exefilename.Forexample,thefollowing commandlaunchestheWindowsMevirtualmachinespecified,powersiton,and switchestofullscreenmode:

"C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe -X C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\Windows Me\Windows Me.vmx"
Enclosetheentirecommandstringinquotationmarks.Theconfigurationfilehasa .vmxextensionbydefault.
VMware, Inc.
479
480
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
bridgednetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehostsphysical network.Withbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappearsasanadditional computeronthesamephysicalnetworkasthehost.Seealsohostonlynetworking. clone Aduplicateofavirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone,linkedclone. customnetworking Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes notusethedefaultbridged,hostonly,ornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT) networkingconfigurations.Forinstance,differentvirtualmachinescanbe connectedtothehostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnotto thehost.Anynetworktopologyispossible.
DE
diskmode Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata)butiscompletelyinvisibletotheguestoperating system.Availablemodesincludepersistentmode(changestothediskarealways preservedacrosssessions),nonpersistentmode(changesareneverpreserved),and undoablemode(changesarepreservedattheusersdiscretion). Favoriteslist AlistintheleftpanelofthemainWorkstationwindowthatshowsthenamesof virtualmachinesthatauserhasadded.YoucanusetheFavoriteslisttolauncha virtualmachineortoconnecttothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileandmake changesinthevirtualmachinesettings.
VMware, Inc.
481
fullclone Acompletecopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachine,includingallassociatedvirtual disks.Seealsolinkedclone. fullscreenmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen.See alsofullscreenswitchmode. fullscreenswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen,and theuserhasnoaccesstotheWorkstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate, reconfigure,orlaunchvirtualmachines.Asystemadministratorperformsthose functions.Seealsofullscreenmode.
GotoSnapshot Acommandthatallowsyoutorestoreanysnapshotoftheactivevirtualmachine. SeealsoReverttoSnapshot. guestoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsinsideavirtualmachine.Seealsohostoperating systemonpage 482.
HK
hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.With hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking. host ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareWorkstationsoftwareisinstalled. hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating system. independentdisk Atypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots.Youcanconfigure independentdisksinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes.Seealsononpersistent mode,persistentmode,snapshot.
482
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
LM
LANsegment Aprivatevirtualnetworkthatisavailableonlytovirtualmachineswithinthesame team.Seealsovirtualnetwork,team. linkedclone Acopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachinethatmusthaveaccesstotheparentvirtual machinesvirtualdisks.Thelinkedclonestoreschangestothevirtualdisksina separatesetoffiles.Seealsofullclone.
NO
nonpersistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode. parent Thesourcevirtualmachinefromwhichyoutakeasnapshotormakeaclone.Afull clonehasnocontinuedlinktoitsparent,butalinkedcloneandasnapshotmust haveaccesstotheparentsvirtualdiskfiles.Ifyoudeletetheparentvirtual machine,anylinkedcloneorsnapshotbecomespermanentlydisabled.Toprevent deletion,youcanmaketheparentatemplatevirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone, linkedclone,snapshot. persistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode. physicaldisk Aharddiskinavirtualmachinethatismappedtoaphysicaldiskdriveorpartition onthehostmachine.Aphysicaldiskisalsoreferredtoasarawdisk.Avirtual machinesdiskcanbestoredasafileonthehostfilesystemoronalocalharddisk. Whenavirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseaphysicaldisk,Workstationdirectly accessesthelocaldiskorpartitionasaphysicaldevice(notasafileonafile system).Seealsovirtualdisk.
VMware, Inc.
483
quickswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillsmostofthescreen.In thismode,tabsatthetopofthescreenallowyoutoswitchquicklyfromone runningvirtualmachinetoanother.Seealsofullscreenmode. rawdisk Seephysicaldisk. record/replayfeature ThisfeatureletsyourecordallofaWorkstation5.xor6.xvirtualmachinesactivity overaperiodoftime.UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,the record/replayfeatureletsyouexactlyduplicatetheoperationsandstateofthe virtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording. redolog Thefilethatstoreschangesmadetoadiskinallmodesexceptthepersistentand independentpersistentmodes.Foradiskinnonpersistentmode,theredologfile isdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachinewithoutwritingany changestothedisk.Youcanpermanentlyapplythechangessavedintheredolog toadiskinundoablemodesothattheybecomepartofthemaindiskfiles.Seealso diskmode. ReverttoSnapshot Acommandthatrestoresthestatusoftheactivevirtualmachinetoitsimmediate parentsnapshot.Thisparentisrepresentedinthesnapshotmanagerbythe snapshotappearingtotheimmediateleftoftheYouAreHereicon.SeealsoGoto Snapshot,snapshotmanager.
sharedfolder Afolderonahostcomputeroronanetworkdriveaccessiblefromthehostthat canbeusedbyboththehostandoneormorevirtualmachines.Itprovidesaway ofsharingfilesbetweenhostandguestoramongvirtualmachines.InaWindows virtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearasfoldersonadriveletter.InaLinuxor Solarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunderaspecifiedmountpoint. snapshot Areproductionofthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthesnapshot, includingthevirtualmachinespowerstate(on,off,orsuspended).Ifthevirtual harddisksarenotsettoindependentmode,asnapshotalsoincludesthestateof thedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisks.Youcantakeasnapshotwhenavirtual machineispoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Seealsoindependentdisk.
484
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
snapshotmanager Acontrolpanelusedtotakeactionsonanyofthesnapshotsandrecordings associatedwiththeselectedvirtualmachine.Seealsorecord/replayfeature, snapshot.
TU
team Agroupofvirtualmachinesthatareconfiguredtooperateasoneobject.Youcan poweron,poweroff,andsuspendateamwithonecommand.Youcanconfigure ateamtocommunicateindependentlyofanyothervirtualorrealnetworkby settingupaLANsegment.SeealsoLANsegment,virtualnetwork. Unitymode Adisplaymodeinwhichavirtualmachinesapplicationsaredisplayedin applicationwindowsdirectlyonthehostsdesktop.Thevirtualmachineconsole viewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstationwindow.Inthismode,a virtualmachinesapplicationslookjustlikeotherapplicationwindowsonthehost.
VX
virtualdisk Afileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperating system.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Seealso physicaldisk. virtualhardware Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheDVDROM/CDROMandfloppy drives,andthevirtualEthernetadapter.Youconfigurethesedeviceswiththe virtualmachinesettingseditor.Seealsovirtualmachinesettingseditor. virtualmachine Avirtualizedx86PCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemand associatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateon thesamehostmachineconcurrently. virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhichvirtualdevices,suchasdisksandmemory,arepresent inavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.This.vmxfileiscreatedwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Itisusedtoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine.
VMware, Inc.
485
virtualmachinesettingseditor Apointandclickcontrolpanelusedtoviewandmodifyavirtualmachines settings. virtualnetwork Anetworkconnectingvirtualmachinesthatdoesnotdependonphysical hardwareconnections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweena virtualmachineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections.Youcanalso createaLANsegmentforcommunicationbetweenvirtualmachinesonateam.See alsoLANsegment,team. virtualnetworkeditor Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythenetworkingsettingsforthe virtualnetworkscreatedbyWorkstation. VMwarePlayer FreesoftwarethatenablesPCuserstocreateandrunanyvirtualmachineona WindowsorLinuxPC.VMwarePlayerrunsvirtualmachinescreatedbyVMware Workstation,VMwareServer,orESXServerandalsosupportsMicrosoftvirtual machinesandSymantecBackupExecSystemRecoverydiskformats. VMwareTools Asuiteofutilitiesanddriversthatenhancestheperformanceandfunctionalityof yourguestoperatingsystem.KeyfeaturesofVMwareToolsincludesomeorallof thefollowing,dependingonyourguestoperatingsystem:anSVGAdriver,a mousedriver,theVMwareToolscontrolpanelandsupportforsuchfeaturesas sharedfolders,draganddropinWindowsandLinuxguests,shrinkingvirtual disks,timesynchronizationwiththehost,VMwareToolsscripts,andconnecting anddisconnectingdeviceswhilethevirtualmachineisrunning.Seealsoshared folder.
486
VMware, Inc.
Index
Numerics
3D support 169
A
About tab VMware Tools 120 access control policies, ACE 387, 392 ACE instance defined 379 installing on a Linux host 464 installing on a Windows host 459 offline usage 415 removable device policy 406 running a Pocket ACE 457 setting policies for 386 uninstalling from a Linux host 466 uninstalling from a Windows host 462 upgrading 467 ACE Management Server and Active Directory 392 defined 379 ACE New Package wizard 443 ACE Resources directory 439 ACE tools, using 472 ACE-enabled virtual machine configuring 440 creating packages for 443 defined 379 deployment platform 439 ACPI S1 sleep feature 374 activation policy, ACE 387 Active Directory
password change proxying 392 adapter host virtual adapters 297, 405 in promiscuous mode on a Linux host 311 specifying physical, for ACE 405 virtual Ethernet 291 Add Hardware wizard 328, 358 Add Shared Folder wizard 186 address assigning IP 301 assigning MAC manually 305 IP on virtual network 299 MAC 304 network address translation 312 using DHCP to assign 300 administrative tools policy, ACE 412 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture, using 172 ALSA See Advanced Linux Sound Architecture AMD Athlon 64 processor 36 AMD Opteron processor 36 AMD Sempron processor 36 AMD Turion 64 processor 36 appliance view for virtual machines 178 policy for ACE instances 409 assign IP address 299 network port number in NAT 318 Athlon 64 processor 36 audio 31, 171, 172
487
VMware, Inc.
AudioPCI 172 authentication policy, ACE 387 autofit settings 160 automatic bridging 293, 405 AutoProtect restrictions 210 setting up 210 AutoProtect feature See also snapshot, AutoProtect 209
C
capacity, disk 232, 244 capture screenshot 179 snapshot of virtual machine 199 virtual machine activity 253 CD adding drive to virtual machine 246 CD-ROM image file 30 legacy emulation mode for 248 package delivery for ACE 446 .cfg file 95 change hot-key combinations 73 team name 270 virtual machine name 64 Change Version wizard 93 clock real-time on Linux host 44 synchronize guest and host 117 clone template 217 Clone Virtual Machine wizard 217 clones creating, for teams 268, 272, 278 creating, in Clone Virtual Machine wizard 217 enable template mode 217 full 216 IP address 217 linked 216, 222 MAC address and UUID of 215 network identity of 217 overview 215 static IP address 217 color display on VNC clients 223 screen, in a virtual machine 168 comm port See serial connection, serial port
VMware, Inc.
B
background, running virtual machines in 70, 260 bandwidth controlling, in team networks 267 LAN segment 277 battery information, reporting in guest 176 BIOS file in virtual machine 95 provided in virtual machine 30 setup, entering 146 .bmp files for screen captures 179 bridged networking ACE policy for network adapters 405 and Samba servers 324 configuring options 292 browser and appliance views 178 configuring on Linux host 44 BSD supported 32-bit guest operating systems 36 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 BT/KT-958 drivers 85, 86 bulkDeploy.exe program 456 bundle installer for Workstation 45 BusLogic 30, 357
488
Index
command-line interface for VMware Tools 128 for Workstation 477 commands keyboard shortcuts 71 startup, on the command line 372, 477 startup, on Windows hosts 478 compacting virtual disks 236 configure record/replay 255 connect CD/DVDs and floppies to ISO images 249 USB devices 348 Conversion wizard 131, 140, 141 converting virtual machines 131 copy and paste feature 185 copy protection policy for ACE instances 396 copy virtual machine 221 CPU host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 29 creating ACE packages 443 policies for an ACE instance 386 virtual disks 237 Creative Labs 172 Creative Labs Sound Blaster 32 Ctrl+Alt hot-key combination 335 custom EULA ACE package setting 439
D
DDNS (dynamic domain name service) 307 debugging using serial connection 333 default scripts for VMware Tools 122 defragmenting virtual disks 235 deleting recordings of virtual machine activity 207, 264
snapshots 203, 207 virtual machines 155 deploy.exe program 455 deployment settings, ACE deployment platform 439 encryption 430 EULA 439 instance customization 431 package lifetime 430 destinations for imported virtual machines 138 device connection policy 406 device drivers for generic SCSI devices 358 VMware Tools 100 devices ACE policies for USB 406 adding a generic SCSI device 358, 359 connecting and disconnecting 119, 177 disconnecting from USB controller 352 processor 29 removable, ACE policies for 406 USB 346 Devices tab in Preferences dialog box 66 VMware Tools 119 DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 300 changing settings 296 configuring on a Linux host 302 configuring on a Windows host 301 DHCPD 306 lease 296 on a virtual network with NAT 313 server 282, 296 server on virtual network 286, 287 stopping 310 dial-up connection 302
VMware, Inc.
489
directories, shared 190, 191 disable acceleration 175 copying and pasting text and files 185 drag-and-drop of files and folders 184 folder sharing 188 interface features 363 disc labels for packages 446 disk See also virtual disk IDE drive supported in host 24 IDE drives in virtual machine 30 independent 203 mapping to a drive 193 optical drives supported in host 24 SCSI drive supported in host 24 size 232, 244 space required on host computer 24 .vmdk virtual disk file 95 display autofit settings for 160 color depth 168 fitting window to virtual machine 166 full screen 159, 160 multiple monitor 163, 165 requirements on hosts 23 switching virtual machines 161 Display tab in preferences editor 166 distributing ACE packages 443 DMZ 267 DNS on a NAT network 313 setup issues, troubleshooting 475 domain join, remote 437 domain problems 475 domain setting, in ACE instance customization 434 downgrading virtual machines 93 download components 150
490
drag-and-drop feature 183 dragging and dropping images, text, and file contents between host and guest 184 drivers SCSI 357 sound 172 video, in older versions of Windows 103 drives CD/DVD-ROM 30, 246 floppy 30, 246 IDE 30 tape 356 virtual IDE 237 virtual SCSI 237 dual-boot computers and virtual machines 250 dual-monitor display 163, 165 DVD adding drive to virtual machine 246 legacy emulation mode for 248 optical, supported 24 package delivery for ACE 446 dynamic domain name service 307
E
Eclipse installing the Workstation plug-in for 41 EHCI controller 31 EM64T processor 36 encrypt restrictions 153 encrypting a virtual machine 152 encryption for ACE packages and instances 430 enhanced virtual keyboard 335, 410 Ethernet adapter adding to virtual machine 291 for teams 277
VMware, Inc.
Index
promiscuous mode 311 virtual network adapters 282 Ethernet controller 25 Ethernet switches 32 exclusive mode 162 expand virtual disk 236 expiration policy for ACE instances 395
full screen mode 159 full screen settings 160 full screen switch mode 366, 374 full screen toolbar 160, 409
G
gated host network 306 global configuration file 367 graphics See also display support in virtual machine 30, 168 guest autofit 166 defined 22 fit command 166 guest network access policies, ACE 397, 405 guest operating system for ACE instance customization 433 installing 90 support for 64-bit 36 supported 32 supported FreeBSD 32-bit 36 supported FreeBSD 64-bit 36 supported Linux 32-bit 35 supported Linux 64-bit 35, 36 supported MS-DOS 33 supported Solaris 32-bit 36 supported Solaris 64-bit 36 upgrades 92 Windows 32-bit 33 Windows 64-bit 34 GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks 137
F
Favorites list creating folders in 63 overview 62 removing virtual machines from 64 files BIOS in virtual machine 95 redo log 95 Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 324 sharing among virtual machines and host 183 snapshot 95 suspended state 95 used by a virtual machine 95 used by snapshot 95 virtual machine 148 firewall 319 fit to guest and fit to window 166 floppy drives in virtual machine 30, 248 image file 30, 249 folders in the Favorites list 63 shared, See shared folder FreeBSD supported 32-bit guests 36 supported 64-bit guests 36 VMware Tools for 109 FTP 314
H
Hardware tab in virtual machine settings editor 68 headless virtual machines (run in the background) 70, 260 HIDs (human interface devices) 348
VMware, Inc.
491
host defined 22 hard disk space required 24 network access policies, ACE 405 optical drives supported 24 policies, ACE 397, 459 system requirements 22 virtual adapters 297 host-guest data script policies 393 host-only networking basic configuration 286 selecting IP addresses 299 hot fix, ACE policies 414 responding 474 hot keys for full screen switch mode 368, 369, 370 hexadecimal values for 368 in Workstation preferences 335 setting 73 using Ctrl+Alt+Insert and Ctrl+Alt+Delete 71 Hot Keys tab 66
I
ICMP 314 IDE drive supported in host 24 drives in virtual machine 30 optical drive supported in host 24 IDESCSI, setting up virtual disk as 233 image file floppy 30, 249 ISO 30, 246, 249 importing virtual machines 131, 133 independent disk 203 initialization scripts for instance customization 434
install components 150 install ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 on Workstation 88 installation requirement ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 88 installing ACE instance on a Linux host 464 ACE instance on a Windows host 459 guest operating systems 90 Pocket ACE on portable device 455 software in a virtual machine 175 VMware Player on a Linux host 463 VMware Tools silently on Windows guests 104 Workstation on Linux host 44 Workstation on Windows host 41 Workstation silently on Windows hosts 42 instance customization, ACE deployment settings for 434 guest operating systems for 433 initialization scripts 434 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools for 433 package settings, overview 431 packages with 446 placeholder values 435 specifying license information for Windows servers 436 workgroup or domain setting 434 Intel EM64T processor 36 IP address assigning 301 clone 217 static 300 IP packet forwarding 302, 303 ISO image file 30, 246, 249
K
Kbps, for LAN segment 277
VMware, Inc.
492
Index
kernel paravirtual, support for 91 key code mapping 340 keyboard enhanced virtual, ACE policy 410 enhanced virtual, on Windows 335 language keymaps for VNC clients 336 mapping on a Linux host 337 shortcuts 71, 156 USB 346 keyloggers 410 keysym defined 339 mapping 340 kiosk mode, ACE policies 413 preparing Linux hosts for 465 starting multiple virtual machines in 470 startup behavior 468
supported 32-bit guest operating systems 35 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 35, 36 supported host operating systems 26 uninstalling Workstation on Linux host 46 upgrading on Linux host 50 LiveState system image, importing 133 local area networking 25 location of virtual machine files 83, 148 lock files 232 log files 95, 374 LSI Logic 30 lSI Logic 85, 86, 357
M
MAC address and clones 215 assigning manually 305 of virtual Ethernet adapter 304 map key code 340 keyboard 337 keysym 340 mapped drives, for virtual disks 193 mapping virtual disks to a drive 193 master boot record (MBR) disks 137 memory amount required on host 23 settings 409 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 433 MIDI 171 mode exclusive 162 full screen 159 preview 441 promiscuous 311 quick switch 161
L
LAN segments and teams 276 changing name 277 configuring connections to 277 deleting 278 setting bandwidth 277 setting Kbps 277 setting packet loss 277 leaks, IP packet 302 legacy emulation for DVD/CD-ROM drives 248 licensing, serial number and 467 linked clones 222 Linux 32-bit host 27 64-bit host 27 installing on Linux host 44
VMware, Inc.
493
Unity 156 modifier keys 368 monitors specifying the number of 163, 165 using multiple 163, 165 mouse driver, installed by VMware Tools 100 USB 346 movie capture 180 moving a virtual machine 219 MP3 171 MS-DOS 33 multiple monitors, using 163, 165 Mylex 30, 85, 86, 357
N
name changing team name 270 changing virtual machine name 64 NAT ACE policies for 404 advanced configuration 314 and DHCP 313 and DNS 313 and the host computer 313 external access from a NAT network 314 on virtual network 285, 312 port forwarding 318, 323 sample configuration file for Linux host 322 selecting IP addresses 299 specifying connection from port below 1024 316 NAT.conf file 316, 322 NetLogon 319 NetWare, Novell 36, 110, 120 network adding and modifying virtual Ethernet adapters 291
automatic bridging 293 automatic bridging for ACE instances 405 changing DHCP settings 296 changing subnet settings 296 changing the configuration 290 components 281 configuring bridged networking options 292 DHCP 300 DHCP server 282 dial-up connection 302 dynamic domain name service 307 hardware address 304 host-only 286 host-only subnet 300 identity, clone 217 IP forwarding 302 IP packet leaks 302 MAC address 304 NAT 285, 312 NAT as firewall 319 NAT subnet 300 packet filtering 302 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 311 routing between two host-only networks 309 Samba 324 second bridged network on a Linux host 295 switch 281 token ring 285 two host-only networks 298 virtual DHCP server 286, 287 virtual Ethernet adapter 282 virtual network editor 293, 297, 301 virtual switch 281 virtualizing in a team 267 network access policies, ACE 397, 405
494
VMware, Inc.
Index
network adapters creating, for team networks 277 virtual, adding 291 virtual, overview of 282 network image package delivery for ACE 446 New Package wizard 443 New Virtual Machine wizard 65, 80, 87, 231 NFS ports 316 Novell NetWare supported guests 36 VMware Tools for 110 Novell Open Enterprise Server supported guests 36 NVRAM 95
virtual machine settings editor 69 VMware Tools 117 .ovf and .ova files 135
P
P2V (physical-to-virtual) conversion 131 Package Properties dialog box 448 package settings, ACE custom EULA 439 deployment platform 439 encryption 430 instance customization 431 package lifetime 430 placeholder values in instance customization 435 remote domain join 437 workgroup or domain in instance customization 434 Packages tab 448 packages, ACE burning files onto discs 446 changing lifetime setting 430 creating 443 creation progress 446 deployment for Pocket ACE 455 deployment platform for 439 disc labels for 446 disk space required for 445 distribution format 446 Pocket ACE installation 455 pre-deployment test for 448 previewing before deployment 448 registration 446 testing before deployment 448 viewing history of 448 packet filtering 302 leaks 302
O
offline usage of ACE instances, policy 415 Open Enterprise Server 36 open virtual machine format (.ovf and .ova files) 135 operating system 32-bit Windows host 25 64-bit Windows host 26 FreeBSD 32-bit guest 36 FreeBSD 64-bit guest 36 installing guest 90 Linux 32-bit guest 35 Linux 32-bit host 27 Linux 64-bit guest 35, 36 Linux 64-bit host 28 MS-DOS guest 33 Solaris 32-bit guest 36 Solaris 64-bit guest 36 support for 64-bit guest 36 Windows 32-bit guest 33 Windows 64-bit 34 Opteron processor 36 optical drive supported in host 24 Options tab
VMware, Inc.
495
packet loss, configuring, for LAN segments 277 parallel ports configuring on a Linux host 329 in a virtual machine 327 installing in virtual machines 328 paravirtualized kernels in Linux guests 91 parent snapshot 200 pause restrictions 151 pause feature 151 physical disk adding physical disks 240 capacity 234 storing virtual disks on 233 using in a virtual machine 234 ping 314 placeholder values in instance customization 435 platform deployment settings, ACE 439 Player policy, ACE 409 plug-ins writing, for ACE instances 417 .png files for screen captures 179 Pocket ACE deleting the cache 462, 466 deploying 455 description 87, 451 Disk Size Calculator 87 installing on portable device 455 instructions for running 457 portable device requirements 453 Pocket ACE Deploy Utility dialog box 455 policies, ACE access control 387 activation 387 administrative tools 412 authentication 387 copy protection 396
device connection 406 expiration 395 host 397, 459 host-guest data script 393 hot fix 414 kiosk mode 413 network access 397 Player runtime 409 removable device 406 resource signing 396 runtime preferences 409 setting for an ACE instance 386 snapshot 411 update frequency 415 USB device 406 using scripts 417 virtual printer policy 408 policy editor, using 386 policy update frequency, ACE 415 port TCP and UDP below 1024 316 VNC 223 port forwarding 318, 323 Power menu disable functions 363 using, for teams 275 power off snapshot options 208 team 274 Power Off button 149 power on a virtual machine 146 team 274 to BIOS 146 Powered On list 64 power-on script for ACE instances 390 preferences display 166 hot keys 335
VMware, Inc.
496
Index
setting, for Workstation 66 VMware Tools upgrade options 112 workspace 66 Preview in Player icon 441 preview mode, ACE 441, 448 previewing ACE packages 448 printers ACE virtual printer policy 408 using host printers in a virtual machine 176 processor host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 29 supported for 64-bit guest 23, 36 promiscuous mode 311 publishing ACE policy changes 448
Q
quick switch mode 161 quiet mode, install VMware Tools 104 quitting ACE Player 472
R
RAM amount required on host 23 raw disk 234 Real Media 171 real-time clock requirement on Linux host 44 record/replay feature 253, 255 recordings of virtual machine execution deleting 207 renaming 206 .REDO file 95 registration of ACE packages 446 of VMware Workstation 74 reimage snapshots 411 remote connections to a virtual machine 223 remote domain join 437
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap property 336 removable devices ACE policies for 406 deploying Pocket ACE packages to 455 disconnecting 352 removable drive for Pocket ACE 455 removing a virtual disk 239 devices from a virtual machine 177 Repair option for VMware Tools installations 103 repairing VMware Tools installations 111, 115 Replay toolbar 257, 258 reporting problems to VMware 75 Reset button 149 resizing Linux guests 166 Solaris guests 167 resolution, screen 160 resource signing policy for ACE instances 396 restricted user interface 363 resume team 275 virtual machine 197 reverting to snapshot 206, 207 routing between host-only networks 309 host only 306 runtime preferences policy, ACE 409
S
Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 324 modifying configuration for Workstation 324 on both bridged and host-only networks 325
VMware, Inc.
497
scan code 339 scanner 356 screen captures 179 screen colors for VNC clients 223 setting, for virtual machines 168 screen modes full screen 159 quick switch 161 screen resolution 167 screenshot capture 179 screenshots 179 scripts creating custom VMware Tools 123 enabling, disabling, and running 119 for ACE instance customization 434 power on, for ACE instances 390 running and disabling 124 running during power state changes 122 startup, for ACE kiosk mode 470 writing, for ACE instances 417 Scripts tab in VMware Tools 119 SCSI adding a generic SCSI device 358, 359 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 358 connecting to generic 356 devices in virtual machine 30 drive supported in host 24 driver for Windows NT guest 357 driver for Windows Server 2003 guest 357 driver for Windows XP guest 357 drivers 85, 86, 357 generic SCSI on a Linux host 358 generic SCSI on a Windows host 356 optical drives 24 permissions for a generic SCSI device on a Linux host 356
setting up virtual disk as 233 Sempron processor 36 serial connection between host application and virtual machine 331 between two virtual machines 331 for debugging 333 to a serial port on the host 331 serial number for ACE instances 467 serial port, installing and using 330 server DHCP 282, 302, 313, 320 DNS 307, 313, 315 WINS 314 setting up AutoProtect 210 share files on a Linux host with Samba 324 shared folder enable and disable 188 mounting, on Linux 191 on Linux and Solaris guests 191 permissions on Linux 191 using 186 viewing 190 sharing virtual machines 222 shortcuts, keyboard 66, 71, 335 shrink virtual disks 119, 236 virtual disks in Netware 120 Shrink tab, VMware Tools 119 sidebar panel 62 size disk 232, 244 virtual disk 30 sleep, ACPI 374 smart cards in virtual machines 353 SMP See virtual SMP
VMware, Inc.
498
Index
snapshot 210 and Workstation 4 virtual machines 211 as background activity 202 AutoProtect 209 deleting 203, 207 disabling menu functions 363 excluding virtual disks from 203 files 95 linear process 199 parent 200 policies 411 power-off options 208 preserving AutoProtect 210 process tree 200 renaming 203, 206 restoring 206 reverting to 206 reverting to at power off 207 taking 205 team 278 using 199 snapshot manager 203 Solaris resizing guests 167 supported 32-bit guest operating systems 36 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 VMware Tools for 108 sound configuring 171 drivers for Windows 9x and NT guests 172 Sound Blaster 172 support in guest 31 .spf file, importing 133 starting ACE Player 467, 468 Workstation 53
startup commands used by VMware Tools 126 startup scripts for ACE kiosk mode 470 using VMware Tools 125 static IP addresses clone 217 range of 313 .std file 95 stopping ACE Player 472 recording virtual machine activity 260 StorageCraft images, importing 133 streaming virtual machines 147, 225 stretch guest display setting 160 subnet changing settings 296 in NAT configuration 300 on host-only network 300 substring matching, for configuring which physical network adapter to use 405 Sun Solaris supported 32-bit guest operating systems 36 supported 64-bit guest operating systems 36 support scripts, running 75 suspend files 95 team 275 virtual machine 197 .sv2i file, importing 133 SVGA drivers installing, in older Windows guests 103 switch virtual network 281 workspaces in Linux guest 335 symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP
VMware, Inc.
499
system requirements 22 for guests 32 host 22
T
tabs in Preferences dialog box 66 in VMware Tools control panel 116 virtual machine 54 tape drive 356 .tar file for installing VMware Tools 106 team adding virtual machine to 272 and LAN segments 276 cloning virtual machine from 278 closing 270 creating clone in New Team wizard 268, 272 deleting 271 Ethernet adapters for 277 name change 270 network 267 new 268 no clone template 217 opening 269 overview 267 power off 274 powering on 274 removing virtual machine from 273 resume 275 snapshot 278 suspend 275 Telnet 314 template mode for clones 217 3D support 169 time, synchronizing, between guest and host 117 time.synchronize options for VMware Tools 118
token ring 285 toolbar customizing 61 hide 363 Tools panel in the virtual machine settings editor 114 Tools upgrade options 112 troubleshooting responding to ACE hot fix requests 474 with vmware-acetool 472 Turion 64 processor 36 two-way virtual SMP 361
U
UHCI controller 31 uninstalling an ACE instance from a Linux host 466 an ACE instance from a Windows host 462 host virtual adapters 297 VMware Tools 115 Workstation on Linux host 46 Workstation on Windows host 44 Unity mode 156 update frequency 415 updates, checking for Workstation 65 updating VMware Tools 114 upgrade ACE instances 467 guest operating systems 92 on Linux host 50 on Windows host 48 on Windows Vista host 49 removing snapshots before virtual machine upgrades 47 virtual machines 93, 94 VMware Tools 112, 114 USB connecting devices 348
500
VMware, Inc.
Index
control of devices by host and guest 351 controller, enabling and disabling 347 device policies, ACE 406 devices in a virtual machine 346 disconnecting devices 352 keyboard and mouse 346 on a Linux host 351 on a Windows host 350 port specifications 31 supported device types 346 user interface overview 54 restricted 363 UUID (universal unique identifier) and clones 215 location 213 options for when you move a virtual machine 214 specifying 214
V
VAssert API 181 version, changing virtual machine 93 VGA 167 virtual adapters host virtual adapters 297 specifications for 32 virtual appliances open virtual machine format (OVF) 135 virtual disk See also disk adding to virtual machine 237, 239 allocating disk space 87 compacting 236 defined 232 defragmenting 235 expanding 236 IDE, size 30 legacy 250
mapping, to a Windows drive 193 setting up as IDE or SCSI 233 shrinking 119, 120, 236 shrinking in Netware 120 size 30 storing on physical disks 233 using in a new virtual machine 81 Virtual Disk Manager 250 .vmdk file 95 Virtual Disk Manager 250 virtual hardware CPU issues 141 disk device issues 141 Ethernet adapter issues 141 graphics card issues 141 virtual keyboard 335 virtual machine adding a virtual disk 237, 239 adding floppy drive 248 adding or modifying an Ethernet adapter 291 adding physical disk 240 adding to team 272 and SMP 361 cloning from team 278 constituent files 95 conversion 131 creating 79, 131 creating a clone 217 default location of 83 delete 155 encrypting 152 files 148 IDE drives in 30 installing software in 175 migrating 222 moving 213, 219 moving SMP virtual machines 362 name change 64
501
VMware, Inc.
pausing 151 platform specifications 29 portability 232 power off vs. shut down 149 removing from Favorites list 64 removing from team 273 reset vs. restart 149 resuming 197 running in the background 70, 260 settings 68 shutting down 148 starting 145 starting in full screen mode 372 suspending 197 upgrade or downgrade 93 upgrading procedure 94 using snapshots 199 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 100 virtual machine settings editor restricting access 363 VMware Tools panel 114 Virtual PC, importing 133 virtual printer feature 176 virtual printer policy, ACE 408 virtual SMP 361, 362 virtual switch 281 virtual symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP Visual Studio installing the Workstation plug-in for 41 VIX API 181 VM streaming 147, 225 .vmc file, importing 133 VMCI Sockets interface 181 .vmdk file 95 .vmem file 95 VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) enabled kernels 91
VMnet1 307 VMnet8 312 .vmsd file 95 .vmsn file 95 .vmss file 95 .vmtm file 95 vmtoolsd program 100, 123, 127, 128 VMware ACE, key features of 378 vmware command for VM streaming 147, 225 vmware command-line program 477 VMware Converter 131, 133 VMware Player installing on a Linux host 463 quitting ACE 472 running 226 sharing virtual machines with 226 starting ACE 467 VMware Tools About tab 120 automated install 104 command-line interface 128 configuring 116 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 120 control panel 116 device drivers 100 Devices tab 119 for FreeBSD guests 109 for NetWare guests 110 for Solaris guests 108 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 106 installing from the command line with the tar installer 106 installing on Windows guests 102 modifying installation 115 Options tab 117
502
VMware, Inc.
Index
running scripts during power state changes 122 Scripts tab 119 Shrink tab 119 silent install 104 taskbar icon, displaying 116 uninstalling 115 updating 112, 114 using from command line 120 VMware user process 101 vmwtool commands 120 VMware Tools service executing commands on halt or reboot 125 overview of 100 passing strings from the host 125 VMware user process, in VMware Tools 101 vmware-user, starting manually 111 vmware-acetool, using 472 vmware-fullscreen log file 374 vmwtool program 120 .vmx file 95 .vmxf file 95 VNC setting a keyboard map for 336 setting a virtual machine to act as a VNC server 223 VProbes 181 v-scan code defined 339 table of codes 342
upgrading to Windows Vista 49 VMware Tools for 102 Windows 95 sound driver 172 Windows 98 sound driver 172 Windows NT SCSI driver for guest 357 sound driver 172 Windows Server 2003 SCSI driver for guest 357 Windows XP SCSI driver for guest 357 wizard Add Hardware 328, 358 Add Shared Folder 186 Change Version 93 Clone Virtual Machine 217 Conversion 131 New Package 443 New Team 268 New Virtual Machine 65, 80, 87 Workspace tab in preferences editor 66 workspaces location of 66 switching in Linux guest 335 Workstation checking for updates for 65 starting 53
X
X server and keyboard mapping 338 X toolkit options 478 xFree86 and keyboard mapping 338
W
.wav file 171 Windows 32-bit guest operating systems 33 64-bit guest operating systems 34 uninstalling on Windows host 44 upgrading on Windows host 48
Z
zip drives 352
VMware, Inc.
503
504
VMware, Inc.

VMware Manual 7.0 Eng

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

VMware Manual 7.0 Eng

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 141 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImage 141 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImage

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

AddaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 248 ConnectaCDROM,DVD,orFloppyDrivetoanImageFile UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManager 250 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachines 250 LegacyVirtualDisks 250

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

About This Book

Hostlegacyapplicationsandovercomeplatformmigrationissues. Configureandtestnewsoftwareorpatchesinanisolatedenvironment. Automatetasksforsoftwaredevelopmentandtesting. DemonstratemultitierconfigurationsonasinglePC.

Workstation Users Manual

Technical Support and Education Resources

Online and Telephone Support

VMware Professional Services

Introduction and System Requirements

VMware Workstationisadesktopsoftwarethatallowsyoutorunmultiple x86compatibledesktopandserveroperatingsystemssimultaneouslyonasinglePC, infullynetworked,portablevirtualmachineswithnorebootingorharddrive partitioningrequired.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ProductBenefitsonpage 21 OverviewofThisManualonpage 22 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 22 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 29 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 32

DevelopandtestmultipleoperatingsystemsandapplicationsonasinglePC. Connectvirtualmachinestosimulateandtestmultitierconfigurations. Usemultiplesnapshotsanddebuggingsupporttofacilitatetesting. Archivetestenvironmentsonfileserverswheretheycanbeeasilyrestoredor shared.

Workstation Users Manual

Packageanddeployclassroommaterialinvirtualmachines. Allowstudentstoexperimentwithmultipleoperatingsystems,applications,and toolsinsecure,isolatedvirtualmachines. Configurevirtualmachinestoundoallchangesatshutdown. Democomplexormultitierconfigurationsonasinglelaptop.

Overview of This Manual

Host System Requirements

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

HostThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheWorkstationsoftwareis calledthehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemisthehostoperatingsystem. GuestTheoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguest operatingsystem.

Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer 1.3GHzorfasterCPUminimum Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Supportfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsisavailablewithIntelVTorAMDV CPUs.

ForhardwarerequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.

Workstation Users Manual

Recommendations for Windows 7 Aero Graphics Support

Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drives

IDEandSCSIopticaldrivesaresupported. CDROMandDVDROMdrivesaresupported. ISOdiskimagefilesaresupported.

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Local Area Networking

YoucanuseanyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedbyusingbuiltinnetworkaddress translation(NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusrouting softwareonthehostoperatingsystem.

Host Operating System

Windows Host Operating Systems

Workstation Users Manual

Table 1-1. Supported Windows Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Linux Host Operating Systems

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems

Workstation Users Manual

Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Table 1-2. Supported Linux Host Operating Systems (Continued)

Virtual Machine Specifications

Sameprocessorasthatonhostcomputer. Onevirtualprocessoronahostwithoneormorelogicalprocessors. Uptofourvirtualprocessors(fourwayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing,or Virtual SMP)onahostwithatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled

Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC

Workstation Users Manual

Uptofourdevicesdisks,CDROMorDVDROM(DVDdrivescanbeusedto readdataDVDROMdiscs;DVDvideoisnotsupported). Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB. CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Serial (COM) Ports

Parallel (LPT) Ports

Mouse and Drawing Tablets

PS/2andUSBmouse Serialtabletssupported USBtabletssupported

Upto10virtualEthernetcards. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.

Workstation Users Manual

Supported Guest Operating Systems

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements