Pathophysiology

Predisposing Risk Factors 1. AGE- 60 years old 2. HEREDITARY- mother had history of DM Precipitating Risk Factors 1. DIET- high-caloric food 2. LIFESTYLE-less

Defective insulin receptors on target cells

Impaired insulin secretion of beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Ignoring presence of insulin in the blood

Refusing to allow glucose from blood to enter cell

Insulin deficiency

No production of energy

weakness

hyperglycemia

hyperglycemia

LIVER: Increase glycogenolysi s Convert extra glucose to fat Stored converted fats to cavities of the bodies without limitations like abdomen, hips, and blood. Triglycerides LDL- 8.45

PANCREAS: Senses increase glucose level and produce more insulin to decrease glucose level Metabolic syndrome

KIDNEYS: Glucose appears in the urine (GLYCOSURIA)

Increase LDL damages inner layer of coronary vessels

Excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes (osmotic diuresis)

Enters the vessels and form a fatty streak Plaque formation

Increased BP Increased cholesterol level

Polyuria Increase pressure on the coronary artery Increase pressure on the coronary artery Hypertension BP- 160/80mmHg

Polydipsia Hypokalimia

Hyponatremia