Professional Documents
Culture Documents
M MMM M MMM
M MMM M MMM
Age
Incidence: - PGH and Rizal Province: 40-60 y.o. 40- same observation nationwide and worldwide
RISK FACTORS
sexual partners Early sexual activity Multiparity History of sexually transmitted infection History of such infection in the sexual partner Smoking history 40 pack- years pack Multiple
RELATIVE RISK
HIV Moderate dysplasia on Pap Smear within past 5 years Intercourse w/in 1 year of menarche No prior screening HPV Six or more lifetime sexual partners Low socioeconomic class Race smoking OCP use Barrier contraception
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Early
symptoms 1. vaginal bleeding most impt Sx a. induced by sexual intercourse or internal exam b. intermenstrual 2. vaginal discharge
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Late
DIAGNOSIS
Cervical
punch biopsy for those with gross evident tumor Colposcopy and colpo-guided biopsies ff. colpoinvestigation of an abnormal Pap Smear Pelvic examination including rectovaginal examination
PREVENTION
Primary
prevention 1. monogamous sexual relationship between husband and wife 2. delay in onset of sexual intercourse 3. use of barrier contraceptives like condoms and diaphragms 4. prompt and adequate treatment of STI 5. vaccination
PREVENTION
Secondary
prevention recommended screening Pap Smear approximately 3 years after onset of sexual activity
STAGES OF CERVICAL CA
Stage I carcinoma is confined to the cervix Stage 2 carcinoma extends beyond the cervix, involves the vagina but not as far as the lower 3rd Stage 3 no extension onto the pelvic sidewalls but involvement of the lower 3rd of the vagina Stage 4 carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has clinically involved the mucosa of the bladder and/or rectum