B GIO DC V O TO

P N - THANG IM
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2008
Mn: TON, khi D
(p n - Thang im gm 04 trang)

CHNH THC
Cu
I

Ni dung
1

im
2,00

Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1,00 im)

Tp xc nh : D = \.
x = 0
S bin thin : y ' = 3x 2 6x , y ' = 0
x = 2.
yC = y ( 0 ) = 4, y CT = y ( 2 ) = 0.
Bng bin thin :

x
y

0,25
0,25

0
0
4

2
0

0,25

th :

y
4
0,25

Chng minh rng mi ng thng (1,00 im)

Gi (C) l th hm s (1). Ta thy I(1;2) thuc (C). ng thng d i
qua I(1;2) vi h s gc k (k > 3) c phng trnh : y = kx k + 2.
Honh giao im ca (C) v d l nghim ca phng trnh
x 3 3x 2 + 4 = k(x 1) + 2 (x 1) x 2 2x (k + 2) = 0
x = 1 (ng vi giao im I)
2
x 2x (k + 2) = 0 (*).
Do k > 3 nn phng trnh (*) c bit thc ' = 3 + k > 0 v x = 1 khng
l nghim ca (*). Suy ra d lun ct (C) ti ba im phn bit I( x I ; y I ),
A(x A ; y A ), B(x B ; y B ) vi x A , x B l nghim ca (*).

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V x A + x B = 2 = 2x I v I, A, B cng thuc d nn I l trung im ca on

thng AB (pcm).
II

2,00
1

Gii phng trnh lng gic (1,00 im)

Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
4sinx cos 2 x + s in2x = 1 + 2cosx (2cosx + 1)(sin2x 1) = 0.
1
2
x=
+ k2.
2
3

sin2x = 1 x = + k.
4

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cosx =

Nghim ca phng trnh cho l x =

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2

+ k2, x = + k (k ]).
3
4

Gii h phng trnh (1,00 im)

iu kin : x 1, y 0.

(1)
(x + y)(x 2y 1) = 0
H phng trnh cho tng ng vi
x 2y y x 1 = 2x 2y (2)
T iu kin ta c x + y > 0 nn (1) x = 2y + 1 (3).
Thay (3) vo (2) ta c
(y + 1) 2y = 2(y + 1) y = 2 (do y + 1 > 0 ) x = 5.
Nghim ca h l (x ; y) = (5; 2).

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2,00

III
1

Vit phng trnh mt cu i qua cc im A, B, C, D (1,00 im)

Phng trnh mt cu cn tm c dng
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ax + 2by + 2cz + d = 0 (*), trong a 2 + b 2 + c 2 d > 0 (**).
Thay ta ca cc im A, B, C, D vo (*) ta c h phng trnh
6a + 6b + d = 18
6a + 6c + d = 18

6b + 6c + d = 18
6a + 6b + 6c + d = 27.

Gii h trn v i chiu vi iu kin (**) ta c phng trnh mt cu l

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 3x 3y 3z = 0.
Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC (1,00 im)
3 3 3
Mt cu i qua A, B, C, D c tm I ; ; .
2 2 2
Gi phng trnh mt phng i qua ba im A, B, C l
mx + ny + pz + q = 0 (m 2 + n 2 + p 2 > 0).
Thay ta cc im A, B, C vo phng trnh trn ta c
3m + 3n + q = 0

3m + 3p + q = 0 6m = 6n = 6p = q 0.
3n + 3p + q = 0.

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Do phng trnh mt phng (ABC) l x + y + z 6 = 0.

Tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC chnh l hnh chiu vung gc H
ca im I trn mt phng (ABC).
3
3
3
x
y
z
2.
2=
2=
Phng trnh ng thng IH :
1
1
1
x + y + z 6 = 0

Ta im H l nghim ca h phng trnh

3
3
3
x 2 = y 2 = z 2 .
Gii h trn ta c H(2; 2; 2).

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2,00

IV
1

Tnh tch phn (1,00 im)

dx
dx
1
t u = ln x v dv = 3 du =
v v = 2 .
x
x
2x
2

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ln x
dx
ln 2
1
Khi I = 2 + 3 =
2
8
2x 1 1 2x
4x 1
=

3 2 ln 2
.
16
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0,25

Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca biu thc (1,00 im)

Ta c P =

(x y)(1 xy)
(x + y)(1 + xy)
1
1
1

P .
2
2
2
(1 + x) (1 + y)
4
4
[ (x + y) + (1 + xy)] 4

1
Khi x = 0, y = 1 th P = .
4
1
Khi x = 1, y = 0 th P = .
4

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1
1
Gi tr nh nht ca P bng , gi tr ln nht ca P bng .
4
4

V.a

2,00
1

Tm n bit rng(1,00)
1
2n
Ta c 0 = (1 1) 2n = C02n C12n + ... C 2n
2n + C 2n .

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1
2n
2 2n = (1 + 1) 2n = C 02n + C12n + ... + C 2n
+ C 2n
.
2n

2n 1
C12n + C32n + ... + C 2n
= 22n 1.

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T gi thit suy ra 2 2n 1 = 2048 n = 6.

2

Tm ta nh C ...(1,00 im)
Do B,C thuc (P), B khc C, B v C khc A nn B(

b2
c2
; b), C( ;c) vi b, c
16
16

l hai s thc phn bit, b 4 v c 4.

JJJG b 2
JJJG c 2

n = 90o nn
AB = 1; b 4 , AC = 1; c 4 . Gc BAC
16
16

JJJG JJJG
b2 c2

AB.AC = 0 1 1 + (b 4)(c 4) = 0
16 16
272 + 4(b + c) + bc = 0 (1).

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Phng trnh ng thng BC l:

c2
16 = y c 16x (b + c)y + bc = 0 (2).
2
b c2 b c

16 16
T (1), (2) suy ra ng thng BC lun i qua im c nh I(17; 4).
x

V.b

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2,00
1

Gii bt phng trnh logarit (1,00 im)

Bpt cho tng ng vi 0 <

x 2 3x + 2
1.
x

0 < x < 1
x 2 3x + 2
> 0
x
x > 2.

x < 0
x 2 4x + 2
0
x
2 2 x 2 + 2.

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) (

Tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : 2 2 ;1 2; 2 + 2 .

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Tnh th tch khi lng tr v khong cch gia hai ng thng (1,00 im)
T gi thit suy ra tam gic ABC vung cn ti B.
1
2 3
a (vtt).
Th tch khi lng tr l VABC.A 'B'C' = AA '.SABC = a 2. .a 2 =
2
2

A'
B'
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C'

A
B
M
C

Gi E l trung im ca BB '. Khi mt phng (AME) song song vi B 'C

nn khong cch gia hai ng thng AM, B 'C bng khong cch gia
B 'C v mt phng (AME).
Nhn thy khong cch t B n mt phng (AME) bng khong cch t C
n mt phng (AME).
Gi h l khong cch t B n mt phng (AME). Do t din BAME c BA,
BM, BE i mt vung gc nn
a 7
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
7
.
=
+
+
2 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 h=
2
2
2
2
7
h
BA
BM
BE
h
a
a
a
a
Khong cch gia hai ng thng B 'C v AM bng

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a 7
.
7

Nu th sinh lm bi khng theo cch nu trong p n m vn ng th c im tng phn

nh p n quy nh.
----------------Ht----------------

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